Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
relationships between stable fly infestation with some physical facility characteristics and sanitation practices in several dairy farms in the state of aguascalientes, mexico.the possible relationships between stable fly infestation with dairy farm facilities and sanitation practices were studied using path analysis. twelve dairies located in four counties of aguascalientes dairy region were selected. the dairies were monitored from may to november 2003. in each occasion, fly infestation, individual physical facility characteristics, and sanitation practices were recorded. in all, 11 independent variables were involved in the study and related variables were grouped ...200717900810
stable fly population dynamics in eastern nebraska in relation to climatic variables.stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), are among the most economically important arthropod pests of livestock in north america. in this study, we monitored the seasonal dynamics of a stable fly population in eastern nebraska for 5 yr. models based upon temperature and precipitation were developed to determine the affects of these variables on population levels as well as to project population trends. stable flies appear in eastern nebraska in late march to early april, and they build to a peak ...200717915506
phylogeography of stable fly (diptera: muscidae) estimated by diversity at ribosomal 16s and cytochrome oxidase i mitochondrial genes.the blood-feeding cosmopolitan stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans l. (diptera: muscidae), is thought to disperse rapidly and widely, and earlier studies of allozyme variation were consistent with high vagility in this species. the geographic origins of new world populations are unknown. diversity at mitochondrial loci r16s and cytochrome oxidase i was examined in 277 stable flies from 11 countries, including five zoogeographical regions. of 809 nucleotides, 174 were polymorphic and 133 were parsimo ...200718047198
aerobic bacterial microbiota in stomoxys calcitrans: preliminary studies in brazil.the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans, has a great importance in medical and veterinary health due to its feeding and reproductive habits, which can disseminate some pathogenic agents among hosts even at long distances. this study aimed to describe, for the first time in brazil, the bacterial microbiota in segments of the stable fly. bacterial species were isolated from three different segments (cuticle, mouth parts and abdominal alimentary tract) of the stable fly. twenty dairy farms were visited ...200718373894
efficiency of traps for stomoxys calcitrans and stomoxys niger niger on reunion island.the main objective of this study was to compare the trapping efficiency of two alsynite sticky traps (modified williams and modified broce) and two phtalogen blue cloth traps (vavoua and nzi) to be used in an integrated control programme of stomoxys spp. (diptera: muscidae) on reunion island. mean daily catches of these flies on two dairy farms differed significantly between the four types of trap. the broce trap was the least efficient and had the lowest specificity for stomoxys spp. the vavoua ...200717373948
tsetse and other biting fly responses to nzi traps baited with octenol, phenols and acetone.octenol (1-octen-3-ol), acetone, 4-methylphenol, 3-n-propylphenol, and other potential attractants (human urine, stable fly faeces), as well as guiacol, creosol (potential repellents), were tested as baits for biting flies in north america using standard phthalogen blue if3gm cotton nzi traps, or similar commercial polyester traps. baits were tested during the summers of 2001-04 at a residence in canada and during january-august 2001 at a dairy in the u.s.a. behaviour in the presence of octenol ...200717373949
safety of elevated dosages of a 0.24% diflubenzuron pellet administered orally to horses.the safety of a feed-thru pellet formulation containing the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron (0.24%) for control of manure-breeding flies (musca domestica l. and stomoxys calcitrans l.) in horses was evaluated. pellets were administered orally at 0, 1, 3, and 5 times the clinical dosage (0.12 to 0.20 mg/kg) on a daily basis for 31 consecutive days. variables examined included daily clinical observations, hematology, coagulation, serum chemistry, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, body weights ...200717447226
the mitochondrial dna control region of muscidae flies: evolution and structural conservation in a dipteran context.the structure and evolution of the mtdna control region (cr) and its flanking genes in economically important dipterans from the family muscidae (brachycera: calyptratae), haematobia irritans, musca domestica, atherigona orientalis, and stomoxys calcitrans are presented in this paper, along with the description of short noncoding intergenic regions possibly related to cr flanking sequences in stomoxys calcitrans and ophyra aenescens mtdnas (scir and oair, respectively). s. calcitrans showed a la ...200717460806
performance of painted plywood and cloth nzi traps relative to manitoba and greenhead traps for tabanids and stable flies.experiments were conducted to adapt the cloth nzi trap to a format suitable for fixed applications in biting fly sampling or control. catches of tabanids [tabanus l., chrysops (meigen), and hybomitra enderlein], and stable flies [stomoxys calcitrans (l.)] in painted plywood traps were compared with those in standard phthalogen blue cloth traps, and in similarly painted cloth traps. the manitoba horse fly trap and the tabanus nigrovittatus macquart "greenhead" box trap were used as additional sta ...200717461091
first sem observations on adult habronema microstoma (spirurida: habronematidae), a parasite of the horse.habronema microstoma (spirurida: habronematidae) is found in the stomach of equines and uses the stable fly as its intermediate host. this nematode causes pathogenic effects in the stomach wall, skin and eye of the host. the present study reports the morphological features of adult worms, using scanning electron microscopy (sem). the worms had two bilobed lateral lips surrounding the mouth. the buccal vestibule was markedly thickened, and two tridentate teeth were observed. around the mouth, fou ...200717487511
genetic structure and gene flow along an altitudinal gradient among two stomoxyine species (diptera: muscidae) on la réunion island.seasonal variations of insect population sizes are often dramatic, particularly in temperate regions and at altitudes where the climatic conditions are unfavorable to insect development during the winter. decline of population size (or bottlenecks) and founder events may reduce the genetic variability and may create genetic differentiation between populations by drift and founder effects, but this reduction of genetic diversity is strongly influenced by gene flow between populations. in this stu ...200717547228
vector competence of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans l. (diptera: muscidae), for enterobacter sakazakii.enterobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic food-borne pathogen causing meningitis, enterocolitis, and sepsis, primarily in immunocompromised infants. it has been suggested that stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans l., are a vector/reservoir of this pathogen. in this study, we assessed a) vector competence of adult stable flies (sf) for e. sakazakii, b) effect of e. sakazakii on sf development, and c) survival of e. sakazakii during sf development and colonization of the digestive tract of newly-eme ...200717633434
[edmond sergent's discoveries on the vectorial transmission of agents of human and animal infectious diseases].edmond sergent has been head of the institut pasteur in algeria from 1910 to 1963. during these years, he carried out an impressive scientific production and studied a lot of agents responsible for human, animal and plant diseases. in the field of vectorial transmission of infectious diseases, he made two essential discoveries: the transmission of cosmopolitan relapsing fever by human body louse in 1908, a year before charles nicolle discovered the transmission of the classical exanthematic typh ...200717727042
new bisphosphorothioates and bisphosphoroamidates: synthesis, molecular modeling and determination of insecticide and toxicological profile.a series of new compounds, n,n'-bis(dialkylphosphoryl)diamines and s,s'-bis(dialkylphosphoryl)-1,3-propanedithiols were prepared by a todd-atherton like reaction of dialkylphosphites with symmetrical diamines and 1,3-propanedithiols in a biphasic system [f.r. athertoon, h.t. howard, a.r. todd, j. chem. soc. (1948) 1106-1111; f.r. athertoon, h.t. openshaw, a.r. todd, j. chem. soc. (1945) 660-663]. the structures were characterized by ir, 1h nmr, 13c nmr and mass spectrometry. compounds with butox ...200717055030
potential impacts of climate change on stable flies, investigated along an altitudinal gradient.adult populations of stable flies were sampled along an altitudinal transect in reunion island to determine whether higher temperatures were associated with: (a) higher numbers of flies; (b) a longer season of infestation, and/or (c) different responses to warming in the cosmopolitan stomoxys calcitrans (l) and the tropical stomoxys niger niger macquart (diptera: muscidae). flies of both species were trapped at seven farms situated at four altitudes (100-1600 m a.s.l.) over a 90-week period. for ...200818380657
first outbreak of trypanosoma evansi in camels in metropolitan france.the first outbreak of trypanosomosis caused by trypanosoma evansi in camels in france was reported on a farm in the aveyron department. five camels were imported from the canary islands to the farm in early july 2006, and trypanosomes were observed on a stained blood smear from one of them, which died in october. on further investigations, trypanosomes were observed in the blood of five camels, three of them indigenous to the farm and two that had been imported. on the basis of microscopical exa ...200818540034
sugar feeding in adult stable flies.adult stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans l.) are known to feed readily on sugars in the laboratory. however, little is known concerning the extent of stable fly sugar feeding in wild populations. we examined the frequency of sugar feeding in stable flies collected on alsynite sticky traps in rural and urban environments. in addition, stable flies were visually examined to determine whether blood was present in the gut. in laboratory studies, sugars were detectable with the anthrone technique in s ...200818559167
influxed insects as vectors for campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in danish broiler houses.the vector potential of flies (diptera: brachycera) for spread of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli on 5 danish broiler farms was evaluated in a longitudinal field study from april to november 2004. first, the prevalence of c. jejuni- and c. coli-positive flies was determined in 2,816 flies captured from farm surroundings. each individual fly was macerated, preenriched in bolton broth for 24 h at 42 degrees c, streaked onto modified campylobater blood-free selective agar and incubated ...200818577626
evaluation of different insecticides and fabric types for development of treated targets for stable fly (diptera: muscidae) control.stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae), once only a pest of pastured cattle, has become a serious pest of range cattle in the united states. because of the difficulties associated with stable fly management under range conditions, a pesticide-impregnated cloth target is being developed as a management tool. we conducted studies to determine the influence of weather, time, fabric type, insecticide type, and insecticide concentration on the mortality of stable flies from a suscep ...200818613610
an immunoglobulin binding protein (antigen 5) of the stable fly (diptera: muscidae) salivary gland stimulates bovine immune responses.the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae), is an economically important pest of livestock. previous studies demonstrated lymphocyte suppression by crude salivary gland extract (sge) of the stable fly. a dominant 27-kda protein identified in the sge was reported to stimulate immunodominant antibody responses in exposed cattle. the purpose of this study was to determine whether this protein, now identified as ahomolog of insect proteins named antigen 5 (ag5), was responsible for ...200818283948
relationships between chemical properties of larval media and development of two stomoxys species (diptera: muscidae) from reunion island.the development of two cattle pests, stomoxys calcitrans l. and stomoxys niger niger macquart (diptera: muscidae), was studied in the laboratory using seven potential larval media from a dairy farm on reunion island. the media were six types of cattle feed and an old manure medium. egg-to-adult survival, duration of development, and adult live weight at emergence were determined for both fly species on each medium. the media were analyzed for ph, nitrogen, organic matter, and structural compound ...200818348795
structure and evolution of the mitochondrial genomes of haematobia irritans and stomoxys calcitrans: the muscidae (diptera: calyptratae) perspective.we present the first two mitochondrial genomes of muscidae dipterans for the species haematobia irritans (the horn fly) and stomoxys calcitrans (the stable fly). typical insect mtdna features are described, such as a high a+t content (79.1% and 78.9%, respectively), the preference for a+t-rich codons, and the evidence of a non-optimal codon usage. the strong a+t enrichment partially masks another nucleotide content bias maintained by a+c mutation pressure in these muscidae mtdnas. the analysis o ...200818621550
stable fly (stomoxys calcitrans: diptera, muscidae) trap response to changes in effective trap height caused by growing vegetation.stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans l.) are blood-feeding pests of cattle, whose populations are often monitored using sticky traps. trap responses at different heights were compared with: 1) a choice and no-choice test, with sticky cards set at 30 and 121 cm heights (above ground), and 2) tall (120 cm) traps placed in short (3 cm) and tall (40 cm) grass to assess how vegetation height affects trap catches. in the first experiment, the percentage of upper to lower trap catches were similar at choi ...200818697305
identification of the intermediate hosts of habronema microstoma and habronema muscae under field conditions.a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay was used for the specific detection of habronema microstoma and habronema muscae (nematoda, spirurida) in order to identify the intermediate hosts of both nematode species under field conditions. a total of 1087 netted and 165 laboratory-bred flies were tested. flies were identified as musca domestica linnaeus 1758, musca autumnalis de geer 1776, haematobia irritans (linnaeus 1758), haematobia titillans (de geer 1907) and stomoxys calcitrans (linnaeu ...200818816277
hyaluronidase of bloodsucking insects and its enhancing effect on leishmania infection in mice.salivary hyaluronidases have been described in a few bloodsucking arthropods. however, very little is known about the presence of this enzyme in various bloodsucking insects and no data are available on its effect on transmitted microorganisms. here, we studied hyaluronidase activity in thirteen bloodsucking insects belonging to four different orders. in addition, we assessed the effect of hyaluronidase coinoculation on the outcome of leishmania major infection in balb/c mice.200818820742
virulence of metarhizium anisopliae to eggs and immature stages of stomoxys calcitrans.stomoxys calcitrans control is primarily based on the use of chemical products; however, new methods for control have been investigated. biological control has been proposed as a promising alternative to traditional chemicals. the current study evaluated three methods in vitro to treat s. calcitrans eggs with the fungus metarhizium anisopliae and assessed the virulence of this fungus to immature stages of this fly. in the first method of egg exposure, eggs were immersed in conidial suspensions a ...200819120256
male stable fly (stomoxys calcitrans) response to co2 changes with age: evidence from wind tunnel experiments and field collections.male stable flies require at least one or more blood meals to reach sexual maturity and are often caught in co2-baited traps. we tested the hypothesis that young male stable flies (one to three days, one blood feeding session) would be more responsive to co2 bait than older male stable flies by monitoring the upwind movement of different-aged male stable flies exposed to co2 using a wind tunnel. the proportion of males moving upwind toward co2 decreased with age (days), from 49% for males < or = ...200819263843
landscape, population structure and genetic diversity of stomoxys calcitrans.to investigate whether different landscapes could affect genetic diversity and structure of the cosmopolitan diptera stomoxys calcitrans, populations from gabon and southern france were studied using dominant amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) markers. gabon is characterized by a forested closed landscape, and southern france by an open mediterranean landscape. the genetic diversity between gabon and france populations did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). contrary to our expectati ...200919353950
first report of trypanosoma vivax infection in dairy cattle from costa rica.an outbreak of haemoparasitoses occurred from october 2007 to july 2008 in cattle from the district of rio cuarto, province of alajuela, costa rica. fifty animals of various ages out of 450 brown swiss were affected. the animals presented fever, severe anemia, jaundice, abortion or premature birth, loss of appetite, decrease milk production and accentuated weight loss in a short period of time. haemoparasites were observed in the blood smears: anaplasma marginale was present in 17 animals (60.7% ...200919414224
local infestation or long-distance migration? the seasonal recolonization of dairy farms by stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae) in south central ontario, canada.stable fly (diptera: muscidae) populations in south central ontario, canada, first occur on dairy farms in late spring, grow exponentially throughout the summer, and are frozen back each autumn. we examined the extent of overwinter persistence on 22 dairy farms in a 55- by 60-km region north of lake ontario that spans four climatic zones. our overwintering sampling of larval habitat identified three farms located in the southern section of the study region as potential overwintering refugia. usi ...200919449662
investigation of the factors affecting adult fly production in biosolid cake.the seasonal pattern of adult fly production in both fresh and aged biosolid cake was established by the exposure of biosolid cake to natural conditions in the central coastal region of perth, western australia, over the course of a year. relationships between fly emergence and six factors (weeks exposed, ph, nh(4), rainfall, temperature, and moisture) suspected of facilitating the attraction of adult flies to biosolid cake were measured. the aim was to study the production of adult flies with r ...200919508771
host ranges of gregarious muscoid fly parasitoids: muscidifurax raptorellus (hymenoptera: pteromalidae), tachinaephagus zealandicus (hymenoptera: encyrtidae), and trichopria nigra (hymenoptera: diapriidae).attack rates, progeny production, sex ratios, and host utilization efficiency of muscidifurax raptorellus (kogan and legner) (hymenoptera: pteromalidae), tachinaephagus zealandicus ashmead (hymenoptera: encyrtidae), and trichopria nigra (nees) (hymenoptera: diapriidae) were evaluated in laboratory bioassays with five dipteran hosts: house fly (musca domestica l.), stable fly (stomoxys calcitrans l.), horn fly (hematobia irritans l.), black dump fly [hydrotaea aenescens (weidemann)] (diptera: mus ...200919508778
an insight into the transcriptome and proteome of the salivary gland of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans.adult stable flies are blood feeders, a nuisance, and mechanical vectors of veterinary diseases. to enable efficient feeding, blood sucking insects have evolved a sophisticated array of salivary compounds to disarm their host's hemostasis and inflammatory reaction. while the sialomes of several blood sucking nematocera flies have been described, no thorough description has been made so far of any brachycera, except for a detailed proteome analysis of a tabanid (xu et al., 2008). in this work we ...200919576987
lousicidal, ovicidal and repellent efficacy of some essential oils against lice and flies infesting water buffaloes in egypt.the lousicidal and repellent effects of five essential oils were investigated for the first time against the buffalo louse, haematopinus tuberculatus, and flies infesting water buffaloes in qalyubia governorate, egypt. for the in vitro studies, filter paper contact bioassays were used to test the oils and their lethal activities were compared with that of d-phenothrin. four minutes post-treatment, the median lethal concentration, lc50, values were 2.74, 7.28, 12.35, 18.67 and 22.79% for camphor ...200919596520
dihydronepetalactones deter feeding activity by mosquitoes, stable flies, and deer ticks.the essential oil of catmint, nepeta cataria l., contains nepetalactones, that, on hydrogenation, yield the corresponding dihydronepetalactone (dhn) diastereomers. the dhn diastereomer (4r,4ar,7s,7as)-4,7-dimethylhexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1(3h)-one, dhn 1) was evaluated as mosquito repellent, as was the mixture of diastereomers {mostly (4s,4ar,7s,7ar)-4,7-dimethylhexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1(3h)-one, dhn 2} present after hydrogenation of catmint oil itself. the repellency of these materials t ...200919645285
efficacy and safety of catnip (nepeta cataria) as a novel filth fly repellent.catnip (nepeta cataria) is known for its pseudo-narcotic effects on cats. recently, it has been reported as an effective mosquito repellent against several aedes and culex species, both topically and spatially. our laboratory bioassays showed that catnip essential oil (at a dosage of 20 mg) resulted in average repellency rates of 96% against stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) and 79% against houseflies, musca domestica (l.), respectively. this finding suggested that the application of repell ...200919712151
comprehensive study on the occurrence and distribution of pathogenic microorganisms carried by synanthropic flies caught at different rural locations in germany.in the current study, samples of 50 synanthropic flies were collected from each of five rural locations used for domestic animal husbandry (specifically a cattle barn, a dog pound, a horse stable, and a pigpen). flies were examined using a variety of microbiological methods to determine the pathogenic agents that they carried. the most frequently sampled species were musca domestica (l.) (51%) followed by stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (24%). all fly species were found to carry an array of different p ...200919769050
characterization of stable fly (diptera: muscidae) larval developmental habitat at round hay bale feeding sites.in this study, we examined the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae), larval developmental habitat within the round hay bale feeding sites on cattle pastures, and we identified three zones with distinct characteristics around two types of hay feeders (ring and cone). the parameters monitored in each zone included stable fly emergence, substrate temperature, moisture, ph, thickness of hay-manure layer, and concentration of fecal coliform bacteria (escherichia coli and klebsiell ...200919960675
twenty-three new microsatellite loci in the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae).the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), is a significant pest of cattle. twenty-three microsatellite markers were isolated from a repeat-enriched genomic library of s. calcitrans. we characterized variation at these markers and found that 17 loci were polymorphic in two fly populations from florida. two to nine alleles were observed among the variable microsatellite loci and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.03704 to 0.85115. these markers will be useful for characterizing population gen ...200921564624
dispersal of stable flies (diptera: muscidae) from larval development sites in a nebraska landscape.seven mark-recapture studies were conducted over 3 yr to assess dispersal of newly emerging adult stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans l., from larval development sites in a mixed agricultural environment in northeastern nebraska. infested hay debris piles were marked by dusting their surfaces with fluorescent pigments, adults were captured with surrounding grids of alsynite sticky traps, and specimens were dissected to determine feeding histories and reproductive age. distances and directions of ...201022127160
enhanced repellency of binary mixtures of zanthoxylum piperitum pericarp steam distillate or zanthoxylum armatum seed oil constituents and calophyllum inophyllum nut oil and their aerosols to stomoxys calcitrans.the repellency to stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), of zanthoxylum piperitum (l.) dc pericarp steam distillate (zp-sd), zanthoxylum armatum dc seed oil (za-so) and their constituents alone or in combination with calophyllum inophyllum l. nut oil (ci-no), as well as six aerosol formulations containing zp-sd or zp-so and ci-no, was compared with that of a synthetic repellent, deet, using an exposed human hand bioassay.201020628994
distribution and abundance of natural parasitoid (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) populations of house flies and stable flies (diptera: muscidae) at the university of florida dairy research unit.from september 2001 through september 2002, house fly and stable fly pupae were collected weekly from three fly habitats at the university of florida research dairy in northcentral florida and evaluated for parasitism. varying parasitism percentages were observed throughout the study but they were not affected by temperature, precipitation or fly abundance. of the 6,222 house fly pupae and 1,660 stable fly pupae that produced either a host fly or a parasitoid, 26.9% and 26.7% were parasitized, r ...201020676517
the population ecology of muscina stabulans (fallén) (diptera: muscidae), along an urban-rural gradient of buenos aires, argentina.the false stable fly, muscina stabulans (fallén), was surveyed along an urban-rural gradient at almirante brown, buenos aires province, argentina. samples were taken at monthly intervals from may 2005 to april 2007. hourly captures of adult flies (10:00 am-04:00 pm) were taken at each sampling date with a hand net. the baits used were 250 g of rotten cow liver and 250 g of fresh dog faeces exposed in shaded and sunny areas. the entire sample accumulated 358 specimens. the number of specimens cap ...201020676520
repellency to stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae) of plant essential oils alone or in combination with calophyllum inophyllum nut oil.the repellency to female stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae) of 21 essential oils (eos) alone or in combination with calophyllum inophyllum l. (clusiaceae) nut oil (tamanu oil) was examined using an exposed human hand bioassay. results were compared with those of commonly used repellent n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet). in tests with six human male volunteers at a dose of 0.5 mg/cm2, patchouli (protection time [pt], 3.67 h) was the most effective eo but less active than deet (4.47 h ...201020695272
cutaneous and pulmonal habronemosis transmitted by musca domestica in a stable in the united arab emirates.nematode larvae found in histological cuts of lung tissue of a horse from a farm in al dhaid (uae) were determined to belong to the habronematidae family. the clinical examination of the other 18 horses present in the farm revealed summer sores (cutaneous habronemosis) in two stallions. nematode larvae were found in 147 (=26.2%) out of 561 male but only in 64 (=8.7%) out of 739 female musca domestica caught at the farm in november and december 2008. conversely, all 15 stomoxys calcitrans specime ...201020728277
assessing pest control using changes in instantaneous rate of population increase: treated targets and stable fly populations case study.the instantaneous rate of population increase was used to assess the ability of attractive targets coated with permethrin to control stable fly populations on 3 dairy farms in south central ontario, canada. two attractive targets were deployed over 10 wk in 2001 at each of 6 dairy farms. three farms were outfitted with 2 untreated targets and 3 were outfitted with 2 targets treated with permethrin [ectiban-impregnated coroplast (ectiban: schering-plough canada inc., pointe-claire, québec, canada ...201020494159
enterobacterial microbiota on stomoxys calcitrans external surface.the current study evaluated the prevalence of enterobacterial agents on the external surface of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans. in addition, this study investigated the presence of virulence genes of enterobacteria. twenty different species were isolated and identified, escherichia coli was the most frequent species isolated. the genes stx1, stx2 and/or eae for production of shiga toxin were present in 13.04% of the e. coli samples.201020537096
population structure of stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae) from nine regions of thailand.starch gel electrophoresis of isozymes was used to estimate gene flow among nine populations of stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae) from thailand. of the 13 putative loci, nine polymorphic loci were detected. limited genetic differentiation among populations was observed (f(st) = 0.060). the highest level of polymorphism was observed in flies from eastern trat and northern chiang mai provinces (69.2%), whereas the lowest level of polymorphism was seen in flies from central saraburi prov ...201020568650
activity of bacillus thuringiensis isolates against immature horn fly and stable fly (diptera: muscidae).we screened 85 isolates of bacillus thuringiensis (berliner), making up 57 different subspecies, and two isolates of bacillus sphaericus (meyer and neide) for activity against immature horn flies, haematobia irritans (l.), and stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.). the majority of b. thuringiensis and the b. sphaericus isolates had little or no activity against horn fly and stable fly. approximately 87% of the isolates caused < 50% mortality of horn fly larvae and 64% caused < 25% mortality. fo ...201020568651
analysis of expressed sequence tags from a significant livestock pest, the stable fly (stomoxys calcitrans), identifies transcripts with a putative role in chemosensation and sex determination.the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans l. (diptera: muscidae), is one of the most significant pests of livestock in the united states. the identification of targets for the development of novel control for this pest species, focusing on those molecules that play a role in successful feeding and reproduction, is critical to mitigating its impact on confined and rangeland livestock. a database was developed representing genes expressed at the immature and adult life stages of the stable fly, comprisi ...201020572127
evaluation of semiochemical toxicity to houseflies and stable flies (diptera: muscidae).the housefly, musca domestica l., and stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) are cosmopolitan pests of both farm and home environments. houseflies have been shown to be resistant to a variety of insecticides, and new chemistries are slow to emerge on the market. toxicities of selected semiochemicals with molecular structures indicative of insecticidal activity were determined against adults from an insecticide-susceptible laboratory strain of houseflies. the three most active semiochemicals were a ...201020603878
insecticidal potency of novel compounds on multiple insect species of medical and veterinary importance.vector-borne diseases continue to present significant threats to human, animal and plant health. mosquitoes, houseflies, sand flies and stable flies are well-known vectors of several human and animal pathogens. the toxicity of selected semiochemicals with molecular structures indicative of insecticidal activity was determined against these insect species with the aim of developing novel insecticides toxic to multiple insect species.201020872825
geographic distribution of stomoxyine flies (diptera: muscidae) and diurnal activity of stomoxys calcitrans in thailand.stomoxyine flies (stomoxys spp.) were collected in 10 localities of thailand using the vavoua traps. these localities represented four major ecological settings, as follows: small local dairy farms, large industrial dairy farms, a national park, and one elephant conservation area. three species of stable flies were identified in the following proportions: stomoxys calcitrans (91.5%), stomoxys indicus (7.9%), and stomoxys sitiens (0.6%). the number of flies collected differed significantly among ...201020939373
repellency of a wax-based catnip-oil formulation against stable flies.stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), are one of the most serious livestock pests, which cause significant economic loss in the cattle industry. current practices for managing stable flies are limited to costly sanitation techniques and unsustainable insecticide applications. the present study reports the initial efforts using catnip essential oil as a spatial repellent and the results of field trials using a wax-based formulation to repel stable flies in the cattle feedlot. electroantennogram ...201021058736
global population structure of the stable fly (stomoxys calcitrans) inferred by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data.stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae: stomoxyini), a synanthropic fly with a worldwide distribution, is recognized to have an important medical and veterinary impact. we conducted a phylogeographic analysis based on several populations from five major zoogeographic regions of the world in order to analyse population genetic structure of s. calcitrans and to trace its global dispersion. results from mitochondrial (coi, cyt-b and nd1-16s) and nuclear (its2) dna show a substantial differentiation ...201021093612
detection of west nile virus in stable flies (diptera: muscidae) parasitizing juvenile american white pelicans.stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae), an economically important pest of livestock and humans, were observed parasitizing prefledged american white pelicans, pelecanus erythrorhynchos (pelecaniformes: pelecanidae), in a pelican breeding colony in northeastern montana where die-offs attributed to west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) have occurred since 2002. engorged and unengorged flies were collected off nine moribund chicks. of 29 blood-engorged fli ...201021175073
a longitudinal study of besnoitia besnoiti infections and seasonal abundance of stomoxys calcitrans in a dairy cattle farm of southwest france.bovine besnoitiosis, caused by the cyst-forming apicomplexan besnoitia besnoiti, is commonly reported in some restricted regions of south-western europe, and in larger regions of africa and asia. this infection is thought to be transmitted by blood feeding insects and is responsible for major economic losses in cattle production. a recent emergence in europe, notified in the centre of france, spain and germany, has attracted more attention to this disease. clinical signs could appear in some ani ...201021185653
potential for stable flies and house flies (diptera: muscidae) to transmit rift valley fever virus.rift valley fever (rvf), a disease of ruminants and humans, has been responsible for large outbreaks in africa that have resulted in hundreds of thousands of human infections and major economic disruption due to loss of livestock and to trade restrictions. as indicated by the rapid spread of west nile viral activity across north america since its discovery in 1999 and the rapid and widespread movement of chikungunya virus from africa throughout the indian ocean islands to asia and europe, an int ...201021290943
assessing permethrin resistance in the stable fly (diptera: muscidae) in florida by using laboratory selections and field evaluations.insecticide resistance in the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae),has been demonstrated previously, but mostly with insecticides that are no longer used, such as the organochlorines. resistance to commonly used pyrethroids has been evaluated twice, but only in the midwestern united states. stable fly susceptibility to a commonly used pyrethroid, permethrin, was determined in florida to assess the possibility of resistance development. diagnostic concentration evaluations of ...201021309252
epidemiologic aspects of an outbreak of trypanosoma vivax in a dairy cattle herd in minas gerais state, brazil.the aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological situation of bovine trypanosomiasis caused by trypanosoma vivax in a dairy cattle herd from igarapé, minas gerais state, brazil. the herd was monitored from september 2007 to february 2009 by sampling blood for determination of packed cell volume (pcv), microhaematocrit centrifugation test of parasitaemia (mhct), serology (ifa), morphological identification of t. vivax and molecular diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). during all t ...201020138431
tachykinin-related peptides and their receptors in invertebrates: a current view.members of the tachykinin peptide family have been well conserved during evolution and are mainly expressed in the central nervous system and in the intestine of both vertebrates and invertebrates. in these animals, they act as multifunctional messengers that exert their biological effects by specifically interacting with a subfamily of structurally related g protein-coupled receptors. despite the identification of multiple tachykinin-related peptides (tkrps) in species belonging to the insects, ...201019781585
phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear data in haematophagous flies support the paraphyly of the genus stomoxys (diptera: muscidae).the genus stomoxys geoffroy (diptera; muscidae) contains species of parasitic flies that are of medical and economic importance. we conducted a phylogenetic analysis including 10 representative species of the genus including multiple exemplars, together with the closely related genera prostomoxys zumpt, haematobosca bezzi, and haematobia lepeletier & serville. phylogenetic relationships were inferred using maximum likelihood and bayesian methods from dna fragments from the cytochrome c oxidase s ...201121324380
characterization of olfactory sensilla of stomoxys calcitrans and electrophysiological responses to odorant compounds associated with hosts and oviposition media.stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans l. (diptera: muscidae), are economically important biting flies that have caused billions of dollars in losses in the livestock industry. field monitoring studies have indicated that olfaction plays an important role in host location. to further our understanding of stable fly olfaction, we examined the antennal morphology of adults using scanning electron microscopy techniques. four major types of sensillum were found and classified as: (a) basiconic sensilla; ...201121332765
host blood meal identification by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for dispersal evidence of stable flies (diptera:muscidae) between livestock facilities.a species-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting the cytochrome b gene of cattle, horses, humans, and dogs was developed to determine the blood meal sources of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), collected from florida equine facilities. of 595 presumptive blood-fed stable flies analyzed, successful host amplification was obtained in 350, for a field host-detection efficiency of 58.8%. the majority of analyzed stable flies had fed on cattle (64.6%), followed by horses (24.3%) ...201121337948
identification of a mutation associated with permethrin resistance in the para-type sodium channel of the stable fly (diptera: muscidae).the insect sodium channel is of particular interest for evaluating resistance to pyrethroids because it is the target molecule for this major class of neurotoxic insecticides. the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae), sodium channel coding sequence representing domains is6 through ivs6 was isolated, and the sequence encoding domain ii was compared among individuals of a laboratory strain selected for resistance to permethrin and the unselected, parental generation. a point mu ...201121404865
imaging cell shape change in living drosophila embryos.the developing drosophila melanogaster embryo undergoes a number of cell shape changes that are highly amenable to live confocal imaging. cell shape changes in the fly are analogous to those in higher organisms, and they drive tissue morphogenesis. so, in many cases, their study has direct implications for understanding human disease (table 1)(1-5). on the sub-cellular scale, these cell shape changes are the product of activities ranging from gene expression to signal transduction, cell polarity ...201121490577
assessment of stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae) as a vector of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is a globally significant swine disease caused by an arterivirus. the virus replicates in alveolar macrophages of infected pigs, resulting in pneumonia in growing pigs and late-term abortions in sows. outbreaks occur on disparate farms within an area despite biosecurity measures, suggesting mechanical transport by arthropods. we investigated the vector potential of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae), in the transmission ...201121845948
salivary gland hypertrophy virus of house flies in denmark: prevalence, host range, and comparison with a florida isolate.house flies (musca domestica) infected with musca domestica salivary gland hypertrophy virus (mdsghv) were found in fly populations collected from 12 out of 18 danish livestock farms that were surveyed in 2007 and 2008. infection rates ranged from 0.5% to 5% and averaged 1.2%. none of the stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans), rat-tail maggot flies (eristalis tenax) or yellow dung flies (scathophaga stercoraria) collected from mdsghv-positive farms displayed characteristic salivary gland hypertroph ...201122129394
nuisance flies on australian cattle feedlots: immature populations.species composition, seasonality and distribution of immature fly populations on a southern queensland feedlot during 2001-2003 were determined. similar data were collected on feedlots in central new south wales and central queensland. the fly species recovered in the highest numbers were musca domestica l. (diptera: muscidae), stomoxys calcitrans l. (diptera: muscidae) and physiphora clausa macquart (diptera: ulidiidae). houseflies were the dominant species at all feedlots. houseflies preferred ...201122035065
the ability of selected pupal parasitoids (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) to locate stable fly hosts in a soiled equine bedding substrate.the ability of spalangia cameroni perkins, spalangia endius walker, and muscidifurax raptorellus kogan and legner to locate and attack stable fly hosts was evaluated under laboratory conditions. postfeeding third-instar stable fly larvae were released and allowed to pupate in two arena types: large 4.8 liter chambers containing a field-collected, soiled equine bedding substrate; or 120-ml plastic cups containing wood chips. at the time of fly pupariation, parasitoids were released and permitted ...201122182616
acetylcholinesterase of stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae): cdna sequence, baculovirus expression, and biochemical properties.a 2193-nucleotide cdna encoding acetylcholinesterase (ache) of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) was sequenced and expressed in the baculovirus system. the open reading frame encoded a 91 amino acid secretion signal peptide and a 613 amino acid mature protein with 96% and 94% identity to the aches of haematobia irritans (l.) and musca domestica (l.), respectively. structural characteristics of m. domestica, h. irritans, and drosophila melanogaster aches were conserved in the s. calcitrans ...201121872994
impact of house fly salivary gland hypertrophy virus (mdsghv) on a heterologous host, stomoxys calcitrans.the effect of musca domestica salivary gland hypertrophy virus (mdsghv) on selected fitness parameters of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), was examined in the laboratory. virus-injected stable flies of both genders suffered substantially higher mortality than control flies. by day 9, female mortality was 59.3 +/- 10.1% in the virus group compared with 23.7 +/- 3.7% in the controls; mortality in virus-injected males was 78.1 +/- 3.1% compared with 33.3 +/- 9.3% for controls. fecundity of c ...201122238871
molecular investigation of transplacental and vector-borne transmission of bovine haemoplasmas.the present study was carried out in a herd with concurrent infections of mycoplasma wenyonii and 'candidatus m. haemobos', to investigate if transplacental and/or vector-borne transmission is possible for one or both bovine haemoplasma species. for this purpose blood samples were collected from 38 mother animals and their newborn calves; as well as from 17 uninseminated cows twice three months apart. in addition, 311 mosquitoes and blood-sucking flies (diptera: culicidae, tabanidae, muscidae) w ...201121605950
vector competence of the stable fly (diptera: muscidae) for west nile virus.in 2006-2007, stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae), were suspected of being enzootic vectors of west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) during a die-off of american white pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhynchos gmelin) (pelecanidae) in montana, usa. wnv-positive stable flies were observed feeding en masse on incapacitated, wnv-positive pelicans, arousing suspicions that the flies could have been involved in wnv transmission among pelicans, and perhaps to li ...201121661328
nepetalactones from essential oil of nepeta cataria represent a stable fly feeding and oviposition repellent.the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae), is one of the most serious pests to livestock. it feeds mainly on cattle and causes significant economic losses in the cattle industry. standard stable fly control involving insecticides and sanitation is usually costly and often has limited effectiveness. as we continue to evaluate and develop safer fly control strategies, the present study reports on the effectiveness of catnip (nepeta cataria l.) oil and its constituent compounds, ...201121781140
immunohistological localization of serotonin in the cns and feeding system of the stable fly stomoxys calcitrans l. (diptera: muscidae).serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht), plays critical roles as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator that control or modulate many behaviors in insects, such as feeding. neurons immunoreactive (ir) to 5-ht were detected in the central nervous system (cns) of the larval and adult stages of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans, using an immunohistological technique. the location and pattern of the 5-ht ir neurons are described and compared for these two different developmental stages. anatomical ...201121678485
Seasonal abundance of stable flies and filth fly pupal parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) at Florida equine facilities.Beginning in November 2007 and continuing until December 2009, weekly stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), surveillance was conducted at four equine facilities near Ocala, FL, by using alsynite sticky traps for adults and by searching immature developmental sites for pupae. Adult stable fly trap captures were highly variable throughout the year, ranging from 0 to 1,400 flies per trap per farm. The greatest adult stable fly activity was observed during the spring months of March and April, with ...201121735936
Contact and fumigant toxicity of a botanical-based feeding deterrent of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae).The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), has been considered one of the most serious biting flies of confined and pastured livestock. The economic losses caused by the stable fly to the cattle industry in the United States exceed $2 billion annually. Current practices for managing stable flies using insecticides provide only marginal control. Insecticide resistance has also been recently reported in stable flies. The present study reports the use of plant-based insecticides, for example, essent ...201121848320
laboratory evaluation of novaluron as a development site treatment for controlling larval horn flies, house flies, and stable flies (diptera: muscidae).a granular formulation of novaluron (novaluron 0.2g, 0.2% [ai]), a newer benzoylphenyl urea insecticide, was evaluated for its efficacy in controlling the larval stage of horn flies, haematobia irritans (l.); house flies, musca domestica l.; and stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), in cow manure. various rates and insecticide placement locations (top, middle, and bottom of manure) were evaluated in this study and all combinations of these variables reduced adult emergence of all three species ...201222679873
reproductive potential of stable flies (diptera: muscidae) fed cattle, chicken, or horse blood.reproductive potential was assessed for stable fly cohorts fed cattle, chicken, or horse blood. flies provided chicken blood oviposited 20% more eggs per day than did those fed cattle or horse blood. however, flies provided cattle or horse blood were fecund 50% longer. when both egg viability and number of eggs produced were considered, lifetime reproductive potential was almost twice as high for flies fed cattle or chicken blood than for flies fed horse blood. maternal investment, which took eg ...201222679851
mortality of adult stomoxys calcitrans fed isolates of bacillus thuringiensis.we examined the ability of five isolates of bacillus thuringiensis berliner to cause mortality in adult stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.). isolates bacillus thuringiensis tolworthi 4l3 (serotype 9), bacillus thuringiensis darmstadiensis 4m1 (serotype 10a10b), bacillus thuringiensis thompsoni 401 (serotype 12), bacillus thuringiensis thuringiensis hd2 (serotype 1), and bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki hd945 (serotype 3a3b3c) were administered to adult flies in diets containing blood only, sug ...201223156187
effects of temperature on mortality of larval stable fly (diptera: muscidae) caused by five isolates of bacillus thuringiensis.we examined the effects of temperature on mortality of larval stable fly [stomoxys calcitrans (l.)] caused by bacillus thuringiensis tolworthi 4l3, b. t. darmastedensis 4m1, b. t. thompsoni 401, b. t. thuringiensis hd2, and b. t. kurstaki hd945. at moderate doses, mortality caused by all isolates ranged from 87 to 99% at 15 degrees c and declined to 29-63% as temperature increased to 30 degrees c. a similar pattern was seen when a higher dose was used, except that the reduction in mortality at w ...201222606847
substrate properties of stable fly (diptera: muscidae) developmental sites associated with round bale hay feeding sites in eastern nebraska.residues at sites where stationary feeders were used to provide hay as supplemental forage for cattle during the winter are developmental substrates for immature stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), in the central united states. spatial patterns in physical (substrate depth, temperature, water content), chemical (ph, electrical conductivity [ec(lab)], total nitrogen [n] and carbon [c], ammoniacal nitrogen [nh(4)-n], extractable phosphorus [p]), and biological (microbial respiration rate) subs ...201222506992
population dynamics of stable flies stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae) at an organic dairy farm in denmark based on mark-recapture with destructive sub-sampling.a population of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), was studied on a danish cattle farm in two successive years. flies were captured monthly by sweep nettings and marked with fluorescent dust. absolute population size, dilution rate, loss rate, and adult longevity were estimated by means of a modified version of bailey's triple catch method. in both years, the abundance of flies peaked in july. using a statistical model, we were able to explain 86.6% of the variation in the per capita growth ...201222525056
efficacy of cyromazine to control immature stable flies (diptera: muscidae) developing in winter hay feeding sites.hay mixed with manure and urine residues at sites where hay has been provided as supplemental winter feed for cattle provide an excellent substrate for the development of immature stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.). such sites are primary sources of early summer stable flies in the central united states and no effective measures are currently available to control fly development in them. a single application of granular cyromazine in may provided 97% reduction in the number of adult stable f ...201222606846
exploratory trial to determine the efficacy of the python and the python magnum slow-release insecticide ear tags for the control of midges (culicoides spp.), attacking sheep and cattle and flies attacking cattle.this study investigated the prophylactic action of the chemical combination zeta-cypermethrin and piperonyl butoxide, administered by means of slow-release insecticide-impregnated ear tags, against biting midges (culicoides spp) attacking sheep and against midges, horn flies (haematobia irritant), stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans), and houseflies (musca domestica) attacking cattle. treated sheep and cattle were protected 100 percent against blood-feeding midges for two months and there was a cl ...201222930983
effects of pyriproxyfen and buprofezin on immature development and reproduction in the stable fly.the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae), is one of the most significant biting flies that affect cattle. the use of traditional insecticides for stable fly control has only a limited success owing to the insect's unique feeding behaviours and immature development sites. a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effects of two insect growth regulator (igr) products, pyriproxyfen and buprofezin, on the development of the immature stages of the stable fly and the effects ...201223205663
dewatered sewage biosolids provide a productive larval habitat for stable flies and house flies (diptera: muscidae).species diversity and seasonal abundance of muscoid flies (diptera: muscidae) developing in biosolid cake (dewatered biosolids) stored at a wastewater treatment facility in northeastern kansas were evaluated. emergence traps were deployed 19 may through 20 october 2009 (22 wk) and 27 may through 18 november 2010 (25 wk). in total, 11,349 muscoid flies were collected emerging from the biosolid cake. stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans (l.)) and house flies (musca domestica (l.)), represented 80 and ...201222493845
field measurements of stable fly (diptera: muscidae) demography, fecundity, and survival based on daily trap catches at a beef farm in southern ontario over a 5-yr period.we sampled stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), populations using a co2 baited cloth trap (nzi trap) each day throughout the summer and autumn at a beef farm near peterborough, ontario, canada, from 1997 to 2001. females (2,512) were dissected for ovarian age-grading, to produce a demographic profile of farm populations. the number of follicles were counted to produce fecundity estimates. the developmental periods of adult female stages, measured as accumulated degree-days above 10 degrees c, w ...201223270153
toxicity of zanthoxylum piperitum and zanthoxylum armatum oil constituents and related compounds to stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae).zanthoxylum plants (rutaceae) have drawn attention because they contain insecticidal principles against insects. an assessment was made of the insecticidal and acetylcholinesterase (ache) inhibitory activities of zanthoxylum piperitum steam distillate and zanthoxylum armatum seed oil, their 28 constituents, and eight structurally related compounds against female stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.). results were compared with those of two organophosphorus insecticides chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos ...201223025190
economic impact of stable flies (diptera: muscidae) on dairy and beef cattle production.stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), are among the most damaging arthropod pests of cattle worldwide. the last estimate of their economic impact on united states cattle production was published 20 yr ago and placed losses at $608 million. subsequently, several studies of effects of stable flies on beef cattle weight gain and feed efficiency have been published, and stable flies have become increasingly recognized as pests of cattle on pasture and range. we analyzed published studies and devel ...201222308789
seasonality and daily flight activity of stable flies (diptera: muscidae) on dairy farms in saraburi province, thailand.knowledge of seasonal abundance and flight activity patterns are required to design effective management programs for insect pests of humans and livestock. in this study, the seasonality and daily flight activity of stomoxys species were observed on two dairy farms in saraburi province, thailand. data were assessed throughout 1 year using vavoua traps from september 2010 to august 2011. a total of 2,520 individuals belonging to four species were collected. most stomoxys species peaked in septemb ...201323673316
spatio-temporal variation of biting flies, stomoxys spp. (diptera: muscidae), along a man-made disturbance gradient, from primary forest to the city of makokou (north-east, gabon).understanding the pattern of abundance of vector populations is important to control the potential of transmission of associated pathogens. the pattern of abundance of stomoxys geoffroy, an ubiquitous blood-sucking fly, is poorly known in tropical africa. in this study, we investigated the spatio-temporal pattern of abundance of the stomoxys genus along a gradient of man-made disturbance in north-eastern gabon. three sites (one in primary forest, one in secondary forest and one in a man-made env ...201323278278
discovery of micrornas of the stable fly (diptera: muscidae) by high-throughput sequencing.the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), is a serious ectoparasite affecting animal production and health of both animals and humans. stable fly control relies largely on chemical insecticides; however, the development of insecticide resistance as well as environmental considerations requires continued discovery research to develop novel control technologies. micrornas (mirnas) are a class of short noncoding rnas that have been shown to be important regulators of gene expression across a wide v ...201323926794
spatial-temporal dynamics of stable fly (diptera: muscidae) trap catches in eastern nebraska.spatial and temporal relationships among catches of adult stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), on sticky traps in eastern nebraska were evaluated. twenty-five alsynite sticky traps were placed in a 5 by 5 grid with ≍1.6-km intervals in a mixed agricultural environment from 2003 to 2011. denser grids of 45-90 traps were implemented for varying lengths of time during the course of the study. more than two million stable flies were collected over 9 yr. seasonal abundances based upon total collec ...201323726061
applicability of partial characterization of cytochrome oxidase i in identification of forensically important flies (diptera) from china and egypt.precise species identification of every insect sample collected from criminal scenes play an essential role in the accurate estimation of postmortem interval. the morphological similarity poses a great challenge for forensic entomologists. dna-based method can be used as a supplemental means of morphological method. in the present study, we demonstrate the applicability of the 304-bp cytochrome oxidase i gene fragment in molecular identification of forensically important diptera. we analyzed 75 ...201323661266
effects of reserpine on reproduction and serotonin immunoreactivity in the stable fly stomoxys calcitrans (l.).biogenic amines are known to play critical roles in key insect behaviors such as feeding and reproduction. this study documents the effects of reserpine on mating and egg-laying behaviors of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae), which is one of the most significant biting fly pests affecting cattle. two sperm staining techniques were adapted successfully to reveal the morphology of stable fly sperm, for the first time, and determine successful mating in females through th ...201323321479
occurrence of shiga-toxigenic escherichia coli in stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae).this study aimed to verify the occurrence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains in three distinct anatomic parts of the stable fly stomoxys calcitrans by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr multiplex). according to the results obtained, e. coli was identified in 19.5% of the stable flies. shiga toxin genes were detected in 13% of the e. coli isolated, most frequently from the surface, followed by abdominal digestive tract and mouth apparatus of insects, respectively. this ...201323856725
a xenodiagnostic method using musca domestica for the diagnosis of gastric habronemosis and examining the anthelmintic efficacy of moxidectin.equine habronematidosis has a global distribution and is caused by three spirurid species, habronema muscae, habronema microstoma and draschia megastoma. a case of cutaneous habronematidosis in a stallion in a stable in dubai, uae gave occasion to investigate the parasite situation on the farm. patent h. muscae infections were diagnosed in 18 out of 49 horses in a stable in dubai, uae with a xenodiagnostic test using houseflies as indicator host. all horses in the stable were treated with a sing ...201323845307
first report of trypanosoma vivax outbreak in dairy cattle in são paulo state, brazil.this is the first description of a trypanosoma vivax outbreak in the state of são paulo (municipality of lins). fever, jaundice, decreased milk production, weight loss, profuse diarrhea, abortion, anemia, leukocytosis and hyperfibrinogenemia were observed in the affected animals. thirty-one cows and calves died out of a total of 1080 in the herd. three cows showed neurological symptoms like dysmetria, ataxia, muscle weakness, ptyalism, lymph node enlargement and submandibular edema. flagellated ...201322832751
Refresh
firstprev
12345
nextlast
Displaying items 301 - 400 of 460