Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [disease (lyme disease) in pediatric patients in switzerland caused by spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi) of ixodes ricinus]. | lyme disease in children is studied in the light of questionnaires sent out twice to departments and divisions of pediatrics in switzerland. thirty-six serologically proven cases were collected. the 48 clinical signs attributed to lyme disease involved the skin in 40%, the nervous system in 40%, and the joints in 20%. they were erythema chronicum migrans (13), lymphocytoma (4), acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (2), peripheral facial palsy (14), sensomotor radiculoneuritis (2), meningoencephal ... | 1986 | 3787225 |
| a contribution to the methods of estimating absolute tick numbers. | the method of estimating tick numbers in nature by means of experimental sites and by subsequent determination and comparison of classes of occurrence frequency, originally developed for estimation of the numbers of adult ixodes persulcatus in the far east and udmurtia, was successfully applied to imagoes and nymphs of ixodes ricinus occurring in typical central european biotopes. | 1986 | 3804087 |
| [enlarged spectrum of tick transmitted spirochaetoses]. | after the successful identification of borrelia burgdorferi as the cause of lyme disease, a new tick-borne infection occurring in the united states, almost identical spirochaetes have been isolated from the tick ixodes ricinus in europe. as a result, the spirochaetal aetiology of skin diseases, which had long been recognized as tick-borne infections, namely erythema chronicum migrans with its neurological complications of the tick-borne meningopolyneuritis of garin-bujadoux-bannwarth, acrodermat ... | 1986 | 3804731 |
| [studies on ticks (acarina, ixodidae), parasites of cattle in west algeria. i. systematic survey and seasonal activity]. | tick samples (acarina, ixodidae) were collected for two years on bovidae from the whole oran area which were brought weekly at the oran open market (algeria). the 5,500 ticks thus obtained could be divided into six genera and twelve species. from the phenological analysis the following were defined: three spring species (rhipicephalus bursa, rh. turanicus and rh. sanguineus), three summer species (hyalomma detritum, h. impeltatum and boophilus annulatus), three winter species (ixodes ricinus, ha ... | 1986 | 3813419 |
| [a new cause of acute transitory auriculoventricular block: lyme disease]. | a young man developed syncopal complete paroxysmal atrioventricular block (avb) over a 36 hour period, on a background of 1st degree avb which persisted for 6 weeks. during the 3rd week, electrophysiological studies showed an isolated prolonged ah interval. this episode followed skin and articular manifestations occurring one month after being bitten by a tick in corsica. the clinical picture suggested lyme's disease which was confirmed serologically. this condition transmitted bu ixodes ricinus ... | 1986 | 3096254 |
| the emergence of lyme disease in a changing environment in north america and central europe. | lyme disease has recently begun to emerge as a significant threat to human health, both in europe and the united states. late sequellae, resembling those of neurosyphilis and multiple sclerosis, may occur many years after initial infection. spontaneous abortion accompanies arthritis, carditis and neuritis as burdensome short-term sequellae. thousands of new infections are recognized each year on each side of the atlantic, although reporting may be incomplete. the disease was described in europe ... | 1986 | 3330512 |
| erythema chronicum migrans in sweden: clinical manifestations and antibodies to ixodes ricinus spirochete measured by indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | 26 swedish patients with erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) were studied regarding associated clinical symptoms and antibodies to swedish ixodes ricinus spirochete. 11/26 (42%) of the patients had associated symptoms, compared to more than 90% of 314 american patients with ecm, as described by steere et al. only 2/26 (8%) had multiple skin lesions, compared to 48% of the american patients. elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and circulating immune complexes were demonstrated in 6/25 (24%) and ... | 1986 | 3526531 |
| in vivo isolation and maintenance of some wild strains of european hard tick spirochetes in mammalian and arthropod hosts. a parasitologist's view. | methods and results of isolation and experimental maintenance of borrelia strains from indigenous ixodes ricinus ticks are described. out of 12 different proved rodent species and breeding variants the mongolian jird or gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) offers most perfectly all the necessary qualities to produce a transitory not progressive microscopically apparent spirochetemia when splenectomized previously. using a laboratory breed of ixodes ricinus the occurrence of transstadial and transovar ... | 1986 | 3554840 |
| ultrastructural differences among spirochetes isolated from patients with lyme disease and related disorders, and from ixodes ricinus. | previous studies on cells of strains b31 isolated in the u.s.a. from ixodes dammini and strain g25 isolated in sweden from ixodes ricinus, showed that their ultrastructure was similar, but not identical. for this reason the studies were extended to spirochetes isolated directly from patients with lyme disease and related disorders. included in the present study were three strains isolated from skin, blood and spinal fluid, respectively, from patients with lyme disease, two strains from patients ... | 1986 | 3577472 |
| joint and bone involvement in swedish patients with ixodes ricinus-borne borrelia infection. | the presence of signs of joint involvement was investigated in 231 patients with erythema chronicum migrans afzelius (ecma), in 50 patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca), in four patients with spirochete-induced facial palsy and in one patient with pericarditis and serologic evidence of borrelia spirochetal infection. only one of 16 untreated patients with ecma developed arthritis. the patient with pericarditis had suffered from arthritis for 2 months when the cardiac symptoms d ... | 1986 | 3577487 |
| borrelia transfer by ticks during their life cycle. studies on laboratory animals. | ticks of the species ixodes ricinus were cultured in the laboratory. yellow silver rabbits, gerbils and white mice served as blood hosts. borrelia burgdorferi could be detected by means of an ifa test in homogenates of female ticks, their eggs as well as the respective larval and nymphal ticks. blood infection of splenectomized gerbils and ordinary white mice or of ordinary white mice alone has been demonstrated after feeding of larval or nymphal ticks on them, respectively. spirochetemia starte ... | 1986 | 3577489 |
| a comparative investigation of experimental prophylactic methods for tick-borne diseases transmitted by ixodes ricinus. | 1986 | 3594178 | |
| occurrence of the tick ixodes ricinus in a landscape strongly influenced by human activities. | 1986 | 3660810 | |
| studies on the ecology of tick-borne encephalitis virus in the carpathian and pannonian types of natural foci. | during the years 1972-1982, the role of ixodes ricinus ticks was studied as vectors of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus in the carpathian and pannonian types of natural foci. the proportion of tbe virus-infected ixodes ricinus ticks in the carpathian elementary foci varied from 0.37 to 4.1 per cent, while in the pannonic elementary foci it ranged from 0.07 to 6 per cent, respectively. tbe virus was isolated from organs of small rodents in both the carpathian and pannonian types of natural foc ... | 1986 | 2876613 |
| the spirochetal etiology of lymphadenosis benigna cutis solitaria. | ten patients with a clinical diagnosis of lymphadenosis benigna cutis (labc) solitaria were investigated. four of the patients knew that they had received a tick bite during the year prior to the appearance of the labc lesion. five patients had had a migrating erythema, indicating a previous erythema chronicum migrans afzelius, near the site where the labc lesion had developed. in one patient meningitis and a facial palsy occurred. elevated titers of antibodies against borrelia spirochetes were ... | 1986 | 2433866 |
| emerging pattern of lyme disease in the united kingdom and irish republic. | in the past year there have been 68 cases of lyme disease in the united kingdom and republic of ireland. 41 patients had erythema chronicum migrans, and 8 of them had associated neurological disease. 13 further patients presented with neurological disease without a preceding skin lesion. myocarditis was present in 1 patient. ixodes ricinus was confirmed as the vector for lyme disease. in two areas deer were found to be infected by borrelia burgdorferi, the causative organism of lyme disease. 86% ... | 1987 | 2880076 |
| a new subtype ("brezová") of tribec orbivirus (kemerovo group) isolated from ixodes ricinus males in czechoslovakia. | 1987 | 2883865 | |
| a disease resembling louping-ill in sheep in the basque region of spain. | a clinical syndrome resembling louping-ill which primarily affects lambs and yearlings in the basque region of spain is described. the disease has been observed for several years during may and june after the sheep flocks have been taken to the mountain grazings where the sheep tick (ixodes ricinus) is known to occur. examination of the brain from one of the affected animals revealed histological changes indistinguishable from those caused by louping-ill virus. in addition antibody that reacted ... | 1987 | 2820110 |
| igg subclasses of specific antibodies in ixodes ricinus-borne borreliosis. | ixodes ricinus-borne borreliosis may run a protracted course. in this study we investigated the different igg subclasses of antibodies to borreliae at different stages of the disease. in addition to the dominant subclass igg1 and igg3 response was found in most cases. this antibody subclass pattern with contributions of igg2 often persists into the late stage of the disease and may last for decades. the igg subclass response elicited by this spirochaetosis does not conform to the expected igg4 r ... | 1987 | 3665187 |
| [chronic borrelia disease of the central nervous system]. | a few years ago meningoradiculitis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth (bannwarth's syndrome) was discovered to be a neurological manifestation of lyme disease transmitted by tick-bites and caused by ixodes-ricinus-spirochaete (borrelia burgdorferi). not enough attention is given to the fact that more serious and chronic disease of the central nervous system may be entailed. two cases are reported in which detection of the borrelian-antibodies corroborated the diagnosis. after parenteral treatment with pen ... | 1987 | 3670517 |
| [lyme borreliosis in south germany. epidemiologic data on the incidence of cases and on the epidemiology of ticks (ixodes ricinus) carrying borrelia burgdorferi]. | among 2403 ticks (ixodes ricinus) tested in 1985 for borrelia 328 (13.6%) were carriers (adults about 20%, nymphs about 10%, larvae about 1%). the highest prevalence of infected ticks was among adult ticks in the isar region north of munich (33.8%). among 9383 persons whose serum had been examined by fluorescence serology in 1985 and 1986, 1035 (11%) had raised borrelia-specific igg and/or igm antibodies greater than or equal to 1:64. in 18.7% only igm antibodies were demonstrated. among 375 pro ... | 1987 | 3678074 |
| resistance of sheep to laboratory infestations of the tick, ixodes ricinus. | the development of tick resistance was studied in three one-year-old female galway cross ewes which received up to three staggered infestations of 100 adult pairs of ixodes ricinus. sheep acquired resistance after the first infestation and the ticks showed suppressed feeding and oviposition success. the histology of tick-bite lesions revealed a cellular infiltrate consisting predominantly of neutrophils and this was followed by the infiltration and degranulation of basophils. mononuclear cells a ... | 1987 | 3685642 |
| [epidemiology of ixodes-borreliosis in southern germany]. | intimate adaptation occurs between european strains of borrelia burgdorferi and the local hard tick ixodes ricinus. i. dammini, the important vector in usa, could not be infected experimentally with a strain of the lyme spirochete from southern germany. other species of blood suckers are sometimes able to maintain uptaken spirochetes for a few days, but never to compensate the tick vector. man seems to be a good host for b. burgdorferi but without epidemiological significance due to his poor vec ... | 1987 | 3623604 |
| [the tick ixodes ricinus, a spirochaeta vector]. | 1987 | 3629567 | |
| cypermethrin pour-on for the control of ticks (ixodes ricinus) on sheep. | trials were carried out on 11 farms to assess the effectiveness of 2.5 per cent w/v cypermethrin pour-on for the control of ticks on sheep. treatment at the rate of 5 ml/10 kg bodyweight gave 92 per cent control of ticks on ewes for up to nine weeks and 88 per cent control on lambs for up to eight weeks. | 1987 | 3424583 |
| mating and behavioural diapause in ixodes ricinus l. | this study established that in an open rough-grazing habitat in ireland a large proportion of female ticks mated in the vegetation rather than on the host, confirming observations made by other workers in scrub and forest habitats in switzerland and russia. it was found that many ticks active from october onwards had already mated even though they were moulted and apparently derived from the spring population. this activity was at odds with the view that such ticks are prevented from becoming ac ... | 1987 | 3453333 |
| effect of host resistance on the feeding and reproductive performance of haemaphysalis punctata and ixodes ricinus ticks. | a study was made to assess the influence of host response on haemaphysalis punctata and ixodes ricinus biology by comparing the effects of feeding ticks on previously uninfested hosts with those fed on previously sensitised hosts. adult h punctata were fed on sheep; larvae and nymphs of h punctata and i ricinus were fed on rabbits. the engorgement weights of all instars studied that fed on sensitised hosts fell very gradually with successive infestations. these weight reductions were greater at ... | 1987 | 3589171 |
| deltamethrin and flumethrin pour-on formulations for the control of ixodes ricinus on cattle. | 1987 | 3590555 | |
| demonstration of locally synthesized borrelia antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid. | antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi develop slowly. low titers can be anamnestic. in order to prove the etiology of manifestations of erythema chronicum migrans disease of the nervous system like meningopolyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth or progressive borrelia encephalomyelitis we used the elisa to measure specific igg antibodies against ixodes ricinus borrelia per microgram igg in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. with the mentioned method we were able to demonstrate locally synthesized an ... | 1987 | 3591093 |
| epidemiology of borrelia infections in austria. | from april 1984 to july 1985 873 cases of borrelia infections were registered at the hygiene institute of the university of vienna. 2609 serum samples of these patients were investigated for antibodies against b. burgdorferi by means of ifa- and elisa-tests. erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) was recognized in 60.9% of patients, neurological abnormalities were recorded in 23.4% of which the majority manifested themselves as polyradiculitis and meningopolyneuritis (mpn). acrodermatitis chronica atr ... | 1987 | 3591096 |
| investigations of ticks for the presence of borrelia in czechoslovakia. | more than 570 ticks from different parts of the country were studied microscopically. in 45 cases (8%) borreliae were found. the infectivity rate of ticks in different foci varied from 3-11%, in some instances nearly 20%. only ixodes ricinus, male and female ticks were positive in this study. | 1987 | 3591101 |
| infectiousness for humans of ixodes ricinus containing borrelia burgdorferi. | we studied the rate of transmission of borrelia burgdorferi from ticks (ixodes ricinus) to man under field conditions in a case control study. at a holiday camp in southern germany 384 ticks were removed from 272 persons. information on symptoms possibly related to borrelia infection were obtained by a questionnaire to be sent back six weeks after the tick bite. ticks were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy (ift) for borrelia and 49 (12.8%) were found positive. blood was obtained from 41 ... | 1987 | 3591103 |
| lyme disease. | lyme disease is a complex multisystem disorder recognized on three continents, which is epidemic in some regions during spring, summer, and fall seasons. it primarily affects skin, nervous system, heart, and joints. it is an infectious disease caused by a spirochete borellia burgdorferi, which is transmitted chiefly by ixodes dammini and pacificus ticks in the united states and ixodes ricinus in europe. diagnosis is based on patient contact with an endemic area, one or more characteristic clinic ... | 1987 | 3332882 |
| [isolation of francisella tularensis from ixodes ricinus ticks in the protected environment of palava]. | 1987 | 2958150 | |
| a record of trypanosomes from ixodes ricinus in britain. | 1987 | 2979560 | |
| serological diagnosis of borrelia meningitis. | the antibody response against a borrelia strain isolated from swedish ixodes ricinus ticks was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and serum specimens from 45 patients with chronic meningitis. probable borrelia etiology could be demonstrated in 41 of 45 (91%) patients with clinical symptoms of chronic meningitis. approximately 25% of the patients had significantly elevated titer of antibody to the spiroc ... | 1987 | 3296566 |
| c3 levels in the sera of rabbits infested and reinfested with ixodes ricinus l. and in midguts of fed ticks. | serum c3 levels of rabbits infested 3 times with ixodes ricinus l. females and c3 in midgut extracts of fed ticks have been measured by a single radial immunodiffusion test. from the first tick attachment, the mean serum c3 level of hosts increased. a peak of c3 occurred 6 days after the beginning of each infestation and was highest during the third infestation (about 8 times more pronounced than the level measured before the first). after the end of all infestations of the rabbits, the serum c3 ... | 1987 | 3134173 |
| tick-borne borrelia infection in patients with bell's palsy. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to serum samples of 94 patients diagnosed as having bell's palsy: they were studied throughout two consecutive years in an attempt to establish serologic evidence of a tick-borne spirochetal infection. a strain of borrelia spirochetes, isolated from swedish ixodes ricinus ticks, was used as an antigen, and separate estimations of spirochetal igg and igm antibodies were made; serum samples with titers above the 95th-percentile level of 120 healthy ... | 1987 | 3814376 |
| isolation of "exotic" bhanja virus (bunyaviridae) from ticks in the temperate zone. | one strain of bhanja virus was isolated from dermacentor marginatus male ticks collected from sheep in slovak karst, eastern czechoslovakia (48 degrees 31'n, 20 degrees 28'e). in addition, three strains of brezová virus (subtype of tribec orbivirus, reoviridae) were isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks. the result represents the northernmost isolation of bhanja virus and, moreover, its first recovery from d. marginatus in europe. cross-neutralization plaque reduction test revealed antigenic simila ... | 1988 | 3140767 |
| first isolations of borrelia burgdorferi from rodents collected in northern europe. | spirochetes were found in 13% of ixodes ricinus collected from an island, near stockholm where human borreliosis is endemic. borrelia burgdorferi was cultivated from the kidney and/or spleen of wild rodents (clethrionomys glareolus and apodemus flavicollis) from the same island. spirochetes were identified as borrelia burgdorferi by indirect immunofluorescence assays using species and genus specific monoclonal antibodies. in these tests the spirochetes could not be differentiated from strains pr ... | 1988 | 3190915 |
| first isolation of borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme borreliosis, from ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) in berlin (west). | in 1984, two human cases of tick-borne lyme borreliosis with considerable neurologic involvement were reported in berlin (west). the diagnosis of lyme borreliosis was serologically confirmed. the ticks which had transmitted the borrelia were from berlin (west). in the autumn of 1985, 156 ticks were collected in forests of berlin (west) for the cultural detection of spirochetes by using bsk ii medium. three strains of spirochetes were isolated (from a pooled sample of two nymphs, and samples of o ... | 1988 | 3213319 |
| [the discovery of dermacentor reticulatus (ixodida, ixodidae) in the east german districts of leipzig and halle]. | a report on findings of dermacentor reticulatus, a very rare tick species in the gdr, in 3 localities situated in the heath region of düben and dahlen (gdr districts of leipzig and halle). three adults of dermacentor reticulatus ticks were caught by brushing over the vegetation with a flag in one of 235 places in may and september 1987. on the other hand, a total of 2,877 ixodes ricinus ticks was found in all places. in the same year, from the same area, we also found 2 adults of dermacentor ret ... | 1988 | 3245638 |
| tick-borne borreliosis and facial palsy. | during a one-year period, 82 consecutive patients seeking medical attention for facial palsy primarily of unknown etiology were examined for underlying ixodes ricinus-borne borreliosis. evidence of the infection was found in 16 (20%) of the patients, most of whom had cerebrospinal fluid findings indicating meningeal involvement. among 9 children included in the study, borreliosis was found in 6 cases. bilateral facial palsy occurred in 3 of the borrelia-infected patients, as compared with none o ... | 1988 | 3341150 |
| water vapour uptake from subsaturated atmospheres by engorged immature ixodid ticks. | contrary to current opinion, fully engorged and detached larvae and nymphs of some ixodid ticks consistently take up substantial amounts of atmospheric water vapour and thereby display their regulative capacity for maintaining water balance in subsaturated air. net uptake of vapour generally begins some days after detachment and the capability persists until shortly after initiation of apolysis, a period which in diapausing specimens may extend up to several months. this was shown for ixodes ric ... | 1988 | 3378463 |
| [ixodes ricinus (l.) ticks on industrial tailings in northwestern bohemia]. | 1988 | 3412247 | |
| occurrence of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus in berlin (west). | the main vector of central european tick-borne encephalitis (tbe), the hard tick ixodes ricinus, is very common in forests of berlin (west) all of which are frequently visited nearby recreation areas. while the presence of the causative agent, a flavivirus, has been demonstrated in all districts of the german democratic republic (gdr) there has been no corresponding investigation concerning berlin (west). in the present study, 4593 unengorged i. ricinus nymphs and adults were collected by the fl ... | 1988 | 2850694 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes ricinus ticks in berlin (west). | in 1986, 1711 nymphal and adult ixodes ricinus orginating from berlin (west) forests were examined individually or in pools of up to 10 ticks for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme borreliosis. detection of borreliae was carried out by means of a culture method using modified barbour-stoenner-kelly-medium (bsk ii). tick populations from 14 out of 15 locations contained positive specimens. the calculated minimal infection rate of pooled ticks was 2.5% in nymphs (n = ... | 1989 | 2929194 |
| comparison of culture, indirect immunofluorescence and dark-field microscopy for detection of spirochetes from ixodes ricinus ticks. | 1989 | 2504604 | |
| resistance and cross-resistance in guinea-pigs and rabbits to immature stages of ixodid ticks. | infestation of guinea-pigs and rabbits with larvae of any one of five species of ticks, rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi neumann, amblyomma hebrauem koch, amblyomma variegatum fabricius and ixodes ricinus l., conferred resistance in the animals when exposed to subsequent infestations with the same tick species. resistance to infestations by other tick species was not observed. | 1989 | 2519683 |
| [a seroepidemiologic and virological study of the presence of arboviruses in moldavia in 1961-1982]. | in romania, st. drăgănescu et al., miszkolczy et al., based on clinical and epidemiological observations, affirmed the possible presence of "tick-borne encephalitis (tbe)". however, critical retrospective evaluation of certain others' papers published through 1958-1971 reveal some uncommon features. by way of example: a very high incidence of cf- and hi-antibodies in acute and chronic cns illnesses as well as in general population; replication in nucleus and maturation in mitochondria of a strai ... | 1989 | 2561524 |
| multiple bites from the larvae of the tick ixodes ricinus. a case report. | the case is presented of a 32-year-old man with multiple reddish-blue papules on both thighs and sporadic on the lower part of the trunk and lower legs, clinically compatible with multiple 'insect' bites. the lesions were found to be multiple bites from larvae of the tick ixodes ricinus. the larvae are about 1 mm long, live very close to the ground, and mainly parasitize small rodents. they are, therefore, generally not well known. although seldom encountered, we suggest that bites from the larv ... | 1989 | 2566242 |
| experimental production of tick pyaemia. | lambs aged 2 weeks were inoculated with a tick-borne fever (tbf) stabilate on day 0 and staphylococcus aureus-contaminated ticks were applied on day 5. tick pyaemia was produced experimentally for the first time using ixodes ricinus as a mechanical vector of s. aureus. lambs aged 18 weeks were rechallenged with a homologous strain of tbf, and s. aureus-infected ticks applied 5 days later. no significant changes were noted at post-mortem examination. | 1989 | 2588464 |
| [meningoencephalomyelitis caused by borrelia burgdorferi: a case without epidemiologic history or chronic migratory erythema]. | a patient is reported with meningoencephalomyelitis with polyradiculitis caused by borrelia burgdorferi infection. neurological features developed without previously known tick bite nor the characteristic skin lesion, chronic migratory erythema (cme). the vector of the disease (the tick ixodes ricinus) exists in spain, but only one case of meningopolyradiculitis with cme has been reported in asturias. our case stresses that b. burgdorferi infection should be suspected in cases of meningoencephal ... | 1989 | 2601480 |
| laboratory evaluation of the acaricidal properties of extracts from uraria picta (leguminosae). | ethomedical uses of the plant, uraria picta (leguminosae), in nigeria include the control of ectoparasites in man and domestic animals. total and fractionated extracts of this plant have been assessed for acaricidal activity on ixodes ricinus. all the extracts were acaricidal to the test organisms. methanolic extract of this plant is a more potent acaricide compared to the aqueous extract. similarly, the alkaline-soluble non-polar fraction of the methanolic extract exhibited greater acaricidal a ... | 1989 | 2615410 |
| [lymphadenosis benigna cutis of the mammary areola: lyme borreliosis?]. | this lesion began two months after a tick bite on the left breast, occurring during a trip in karst (highland behind the city of trieste). this area represents an ecological shell for ixodes ricinus, hard tick often infested with borrelia burgdorferi, the aetiological agent of lyme disease. some days after tick-bite, the patient developed a typical ecm of the left breast; this lesion resolved in two months. shortly after, an erythematous, infiltrated nodule appeared on the left areola; ist size ... | 1989 | 2620924 |
| transmission of lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi). | the field and laboratory evidence incriminating nymphal ixodes dammini as the main vectors of borrelia burgdorferi is substantial. furthermore, other members of the ixodes (ixodes) ricinus 'complex', including i. ricinus, i. persulcatus, i. pacificus, and i. scapularis, are competent vectors of the lyme disease spirochete. although ticks in other genera are also naturally infected with b. burgdorferi, experimental evidence suggests that amblyomma and dermacentor ticks are inefficient vectors of ... | 1989 | 2667921 |
| [borrelia burgdorferi, clinical aspects, cultivation and identification of the pathogen in erythema migrans in berlin]. | among other manifestations, the following diseases caused by borrelia burgdorferi in europe are transmitted by ticks of the species ixodes ricinus: erythema migrans (em), lymphadenosis benigna cutis (lbc), lymphocytic meningo-radiculitis (bannwarth's syndrome), and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca). we report on a female patient, who developed em 10 days after a-tick bite in berlin. borrelia burgdorferi could be cultivated from a skin biopsy specimen taken from the periphery of the em. t ... | 1989 | 2678789 |
| epizootiology of borrelia in ixodes tick vectors and reservoir hosts. | four north american and two european species of ixodes ticks harbor borreliae. three of the north american species--ixodes dammini, ixodes scapularis, and ixodes pacificus--and two old world species--ixodes ricinus and ixodes persulcatus--feed on a wide range of hosts, including humans; the north american ixodes dentatus has a predilection for cottontail rabbits and rarely parasitizes humans. in lyme disease foci in north america where i. dammini is common, borrelia burgdorferi or similar types ... | 1989 | 2682957 |
| a clinical and sero-epidemiological study of 190 belgian patients suffering from lyme borreliosis. | we present a sero-epidemiological study of 190 belgian cases of lyme borreliosis, a multisystemic disease caused by the spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by a tick bite. the whole spectrum of clinical pictures was observed in these patients, including "erythema chronicum migrans" (63%), neurological involvement (47%) and arthritis (22%), frequently in combination. our results are compared to findings in other countries. among the 437 ixodes ricinus ticks collected in the sambre an ... | 1989 | 2683538 |
| [lyme disease and borrelia burgdorferi infections in europe]. | lyme disease is endemic in europe. the strains of the causative agent, borrelia burgdorferi, seem to be antigenically more heterogeneous than the north american isolates. the only documented vector for this bacterium in europe is ixodes ricinus, but other vectors might be involved as observed in the united states. the tick hosts are not yet well documented in europe. human infection occurs principally during summer months. the clinical aspect of the disease has particular features in europe: at ... | 1989 | 2683896 |
| vector/host relationships of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. | lyme borreliosis is now occurring on several continents where its causative agent, borrelia burgdorferi, is maintained and transmitted by ticks of the "ixodes ricinus complex" namely i. dammini, i. pacificus, and possibly i. scapularis in north america, i. ricinus in europe, and i. persulcatus in asia. because all developmental stages of these ticks feed on a large variety of hosts including humans, the vector/host relationships of this spirochete is highly complex as indicated by the voluminous ... | 1989 | 2685930 |
| [borrelia burgdorferi from ixodes ricinus ticks on ameland]. | ixodes ricinus ticks collected from the north sea island of ameland, the netherlands, were screened for the presence of borrelia spirochaetes. the present authors used ifat on tick gut preparations and identified borrelia in 31 per cent of the adult ticks and 16 per cent of the nymphs collected from the dunes and 45 per cent of the nymphs collected from the forests. in vitro cultivation of borrelia sp. isolated from the adult ticks and its subsequent recognition by b. burgdorferi-specific monocl ... | 1989 | 2688191 |
| [diagnostic possibilities and limitations in lyme borreliosis]. | in switzerland 5-35% of ixodes ricinus ticks are infested with borrelia burgdorferi (b.b.). there is a high risk of transmission of this infectious agent from any tick bite and 4-5% of affected subjects subsequently contract evident lyme borreliosis. however, both tick bite and erythema chronicum migrans are unreliable diagnostic pointers as they are not usually found in the history of lyme borreliosis patients. similarly, an increased titer of antibodies against b.b. is not evidence of lyme bor ... | 1989 | 2692151 |
| [research on arbovirus infections]. | the author presents the results of researches done at the "stefan s. nicolau" institute of virology in bucharest on the infections induced by arboviruses. the characteristics of three tick encephalitis virus strains (two strains isolated from ixodes ricinus and ixodes persulcatus ticks and one from a patient with encephalitis symptoms) are given. most of the report is devoted to the results of serological survey conducted in a human population, in several domestic birds and mammals from some dis ... | 1989 | 2699965 |
| repetitive detection by immunoblotting of an integumental 25-kda antigen in ixodes ricinus and a corresponding 20-kda antigen in rhipicephalus appendiculatus with sera of pluriinfested mice and rabbits. | mice were pluriinfested with nymphs and rabbits, with adult ixodes ricinus. as determined by immunoblotting, greater than 50% of sera from these animals reacted against a tick antigen with a molecular weight of 25 kda, which was detected in total extracts of partially fed i. ricinus females and in tick integumental extract. it was also found in engorged nymphs but was absent from larvae. sera of i. ricinus-infested rabbits and mice or of rabbits infested with rhipicephalus appendiculatus adults ... | 1989 | 2704727 |
| characterization of the first tick isolate of borrelia burgdorferi from italy. | we report on the first isolation of a spirochetal organism from ixodes ricinus ticks of the trieste area (northern italy) which was identified as borrelia burgdorferi by its reactivity with specific monoclonal antibodies directed against the ospa and flagella proteins. | 1989 | 2719854 |
| serological investigations of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) in styria. 2. report. | from 1975 to 1982 investigations of 64 hedgehogs for anthropozoonoses and infectious diseases were carried out in all regions of styria, austria. the serological investigations revealed positive results against rickettsiosis, (q-fever and rmsf-groups antigen), (ornithosis, toxoplasmosis, listeriosis, against adenoviruses and herpesvirus). other studies by nosek et al. (1967); troger et al. (1976); kaaserer et al. (1976) and stunzner et al. (1976) report on the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) as i ... | 1989 | 2744467 |
| rare transmission mode of fsme (tick-borne encephalitis) by goat's milk. | an infection presumed to have been transmitted by raw cow's milk was reported in southern styria (remschnig locality), furthermore an fsme infection was demonstrated in two patients as having been transmitted by raw goat's milk. both patients (an elderly couple) had no left their house or garden and had nourished themselves mainly with goat's milk. neither patient had evidence of tick bites. the goats were severely parasitized with ixodes ricinus; the place of dwelling lies in an fsme-natural fo ... | 1989 | 2744469 |
| [epidemiology of human babesiosis in europe. prophylactic results]. | after exploring the ecology and biology of ixodes ricinus, the vector of m. divergens, which causes human babesiosis in europe, the author draws conclusions regarding the epidemiological features of the disease and its control. | 1989 | 2765987 |
| effects of cyclosporin a on humoral immunity to ticks and on cutaneous immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to ixodes ricinus l. salivary-gland antigens in re-infested rabbits. | when rabbits are repeatedly infested with ixodes ricinus l. adults, they acquire resistance to these ticks. a humoral response occurs and the skin of the host becomes progressively sensitized to the saliva of the ectoparasites. the present study examined the effects of cyclosporin a on these two aspects of immunity in re-infested rabbits. using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), moderate suppression of the secondary igg response to bites of these ticks was observed in animals given t ... | 1989 | 2771932 |
| an electron microscopic study of cytoecetes phagocytophila infection in ixodes ricinus. | tick-borne fever, caused by a rickettsia-like organism, cytoecetes phagocytophila, is transmitted by the sheep tick ixodes ricinus. an electron microscopic technique was developed to examine i ricinus for c phagocytophila infection. infected and uninfected ticks were obtained from a laboratory maintained tick culture. all stages of i ricinus collected from one field site were examined; 44 per cent of nymphae and 32 per cent of adults were infected with c phagocytophila, but larvae were uninfecte ... | 1989 | 2772404 |
| [spirochete infected ticks (ixodes ricinus)--risks even in norrland]. | 1989 | 2779322 | |
| [lyme disease in belgium: presence of the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes ricinus ticks recovered from the meuse river region]. | 1989 | 2799146 | |
| dual infection of ixodes ricinus ticks with two viruses of the tick-borne encephalitis complex. | ixodes ricinus female ticks were inoculated with skalica (sk) virus (non-pathogenic for adult albino mice by subcutaneous route) and 14 days later they were challenged with strain 198 of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus (highly pathogenic for adult albino mice by subcutaneous route). after additional 14 days of incubation, 42.9 to 65.0% of the adult (10-12 g) albino mice infested with these double infected ticks developed antibodies to tbe without signs of sickness (transmission of sk virus), ... | 1990 | 1981446 |
| longitudinal study of natural foci of central european encephalitis virus in west slovakia. | a total of 2922 small terrestrial mammals of 12 species were collected in six localities of west slovakia between 1981 and 1986. when examined for the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies (na) to central european encephalitis (cee) virus we found that 14.6% had antibody. nearly all (97%) of the 426 animals with antibody were clethrionomys glareolus, the most abundant species (52.6% of mammals collected, 15.1% of those with antibody). apodemus flavicollis (22.5% of mammals collected, 18.1% of th ... | 1990 | 1983180 |
| [the role of large wildlife in the maintenance of natural foci of tick-borne meningoencephalitis in northern croatia]. | between 1986-1988 sera from 245 game animals--37 roe deers, 102 red deers, 81 wild boars and 25 hares--shot in 8 different localities of nort croatia, a well-known nosoareal of tick-borne encephalitis, were tested for tbe virus heminhibiting antibodies. the following percentages of positive animals were found: 24, 39, 39 and 0% respectively. most of the animals examined, 180 of them, were shot in lowland woods of the commune of nasice and its surroundings. there the percentage of positive animal ... | 1990 | 2091443 |
| prevalence of borreliae in ixodes ricinus ticks from southern moravia, czechoslovakia. | a total of 378 adult ixodes ricinus ticks were collected by flagging vegetation in four localities of two districts (breclav, znojmo) in south moravia and examined microscopically. borreliae were identified in giemsa-stained midgut smears from 32 (i.e. 8.5%) ticks (9.4% females, 7.2% males); the infection rate varied between 0.0 and 11.4% in the four localities examined. among female ticks, significantly more were found to be infected in autumn (19.7%) than in spring (5.8%). dark-field (df) and ... | 1990 | 2093618 |
| rabbits infested with ixodes ricinus l. adults: effects of a treatment with cyclosporin a on the biology of ticks fed on naive and immune hosts. | rabbits have been infested 3 times with 10 female and 10 male ixodes ricinus. immunity which is induced when ticks feed on naive animals (1st infestation) perturbs feeding, oviposition and embryogenesis during reinfestations. treatment of rabbits during a 3rd infestation (resistant animals) with cyclosporin a (csa), an immunosuppressive agent which works on the cellular compartment (chiefly t helper cells), partially reversed the negative effects of the immunity on the biology of the ticks. conv ... | 1990 | 2097933 |
| borrelia burgdorferi in ticks of the canton tessin (switzerland). | in the northern alps it is hard to find an ixodes ricinus population which does not harbour borrelia burgdorferi. the infection rates range from 5 to 34% for adults and nymphs to 3.1% for larvae. this study shows that the infection rates on the southern side of the alps are similar, at 25% for adults, 36.2% for nymphs and 3.2% for larvae. with respect to tick species other than i. ricinus, we did not succeed in finding any spirochetes in dermacentor marginatus, haemaphysalis punctata, ixodes hex ... | 1990 | 2132440 |
| an ivermectin sustained release bolus in cattle: its effects on the tick ixodes ricinus. | five calves were given an intraruminal bolus orally, designed to release ivermectin for 120 days at the rate of 8 mg/day. this is equivalent to a dose of 40 micrograms/kg/day for a calf expected to weigh 200 kg at the end of the delivery period. five control calves were given a placebo bolus. on days 7 and 36 after treatment ten nymphs and ten adult female ixodes ricinus (linnaeus 1758) were placed in ear bags on the calves. the engorgement rates were monitored for 10 days and subsequent egg pro ... | 1990 | 2132978 |
| [borrelia sp. in the common tick (ixodes ricinus) from the prague area]. | in the course of 1988 almost 3000 ticks were collected from various localities on the territory of prague and examined by the method of indirect immunofluorescence (ifa) for the presence of borrelia. the immunity rate of ticks varies between 1.9-22.0%. positive ticks were found also in some areas practically in the centre of the town. these findings indicate the possible contact of the prague population with the infectious agent on the very territory of the town. the authors give a list of poten ... | 1990 | 2139810 |
| [incidence of borrelia in the common tick (ixodes ricinus) in the area of the city of brno]. | during the period between july and october 1988 more than 1000 ticks ixodes ricinus were collected at 16 sites in the town of brno and examined by indirect immunofluorescence (ifa) for the presence of borrelia. the positivity of the tick population in 13 localities varied between 0.9-18.6%, ticks from three localities were negative. the results confirm the diffuse character of the presence of borrelia in ticks i. ricinus in the urban environment and the possibility of infection of the urban popu ... | 1990 | 2144477 |
| [the identification of borrelia isolated in the soviet union and czechoslovakia from ixodes ricinus (l.) ticks]. | seven strains of the causative agent of lyme borreliosis have been isolated from ticks of the species ixodes ricinus (l.) obtained at the territories of leningrad province, lithuania and czechoslovakia. the strains have been studied in reactions with 5 types of monoclonal antibodies. all isolated strains belong to serotype ii according to barbour's system and are typical for european strains. | 1990 | 2145716 |
| [recent information on tick-borne diseases (i)]. | tick-borne encephalitis (central european encephalitis) and lyme disease (erythema chronicum migrans) are diseases mainly transmitted by ticks of the ixodes ricinus species. the tick-borne encephalitis, a virus infection, can produce severe encephalitic symptoms. there is no specific treatment but the infection can be prevented by active or passive immunization. lyme disease is caused by a spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi). due to the variety of often uncharacteristic symptoms this infection is ... | 1990 | 2158155 |
| [lyme disease: clinical and sero-epidemiological study of borrelia burgdorferi infections in belgium]. | lyme disease is a multi-systemic infection caused by the spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi: this bacterium, discovered in 1982 in the united states, is mainly transmitted by a tick bite, ixodes ricinus in europe. in belgium, a first seroepidemiological study of 3 years has revealed 190 patients and the whole spectrum of clinical pictures was observed, including the early stage of this infection in the skin (erythema chronicum migrans), neurological involvement and arthritis. the lyme borreliosis ... | 1990 | 2207461 |
| francisella tularensis from ixodid ticks in czechoslovakia. | a total of 26,478 ixodid ticks (935 pools) were examined by intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice. six species of ticks were tested: ixodes ricinus (23,470 individuals), i. trianguliceps (12), haemaphysalis punctata (831), h. concinna (39), dermacentor reticulatus (69) and d. marginatus (2,057). the ticks were collected largely by flagging vegetation, a substantial minority (4%) from animals. three strains of francisella tularensis were isolated, one each from i. ricinus (males, district br ... | 1990 | 2227710 |
| experimental infection of ticks ixodes ricinus with tick-borne encephalitis virus under different microclimatic conditions. | the influence of environmental temperature and relative air humidity on the development of ticks ixodes ricinus and their infection rate with tick-borne encephalitis virus was studied. it was found that the temperature influenced significantly the development of ticks, but it did not influence their infection rate. to the contrary, the relative air humidity influenced the infection rate. it is assumed that the intrinsic factors play a primary role in the infection of ticks, while extrinsic facto ... | 1990 | 2227716 |
| [lyme disease in yugoslavia]. | presented are results of the last five-year period study of the lyme disease in yugoslavia. on the basis of published papers and professional communications over 2500 cases of lyme disease.were detected in our country within this period. presented are common epidemiologic and clinical features of the disease and particularly cases diagnosed in belgrade. since 1987 a group of various specialists has been working on the research project in collaboration with many centres in the country. indirect i ... | 1990 | 2238508 |
| gross morphological changes in the salivary glands of ixodes ricinus (acari, ixodidae) between bloodmeals in relation to active uptake of atmospheric water vapour. | the gross morphological changes in the salivary glands of ixodes ricinus (l.) were investigated at the light microscopic level in various phases off the host with emphasis on the engorged nymph, in order to relate the capability of active vapour uptake in the course of postembryonal development to degeneration and regeneration of salivary-gland alveoli. agranular alveoli in engorged immatures of i. ricinus, from detachment to the following early pharate phase, do not appear different from those ... | 1990 | 2261817 |
| using satellite data to forecast the occurrence of the common tick ixodes ricinus (l.). | to forecast the incidence of the common tick, ixodes ricinus, the authors used the finding that some types of vegetation may indicate the presence of the tick. to obtain the necessary information in a scope which would enable its practical application in medicine to prevent populational exposure to ticks, remote sensing data were utilized as obtained from the multispectral scanner operating aboard landsat 5. a file was selected from the full scene representing a territory which measured 41 by 41 ... | 1990 | 2273241 |
| sexual cycle of babesia divergens confirmed by dna measurements. | the dna content of the developmental stages within the life cycle of babesia divergens was measured by means of fluorescence microscopy using the dna-specific bisbenzimide hoechst 33258. by comparing the mean relative fluorescence intensities, the assumption of sexual reproduction in the gut of the tick vector (ixodes ricinus) was confirmed. however, no proof of a pre- or postzygotic meiosis was found. | 1990 | 2315280 |
| incidence of tick-bite in man in aland islands: reference to the spread of lyme borreliosis. | the common tick ixodes ricinus is a vector both for the virus of tick-borne viral encephalitis (kumlinge disease, kd) and of borrelia burgdorferi (lyme borreliosis, lb). bites of the tick are believed to be common in aland, an island province of finland in the baltic sea. kd has been seen there for many years, and cases of lb have been diagnosed lately. the purpose of this study was to find the incidence of tick-bite among the population with possible implications for the spread of lb. a questio ... | 1990 | 2320965 |
| subadult ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) on rodents in berlin, west germany. | to identify hosts that may serve as reservoirs for the agent of lyme disease in central europe, we determined whether ixodes ricinus l. feed most frequently on certain rodents and whether the abundance of these hosts corresponds to the season of feeding activity of the tick in four sites in berlin, federal republic of germany. in addition, we correlated abundance of i. ricinus with that of particular rodent hosts. two small rodents were more abundant than any others; a mouse, apodemus flavicolli ... | 1990 | 2332880 |
| immunity against female ixodes ricinus l.: effect on feeding and haemoglobin digestion. | rabbits have been infested 3 times with 10 females and 10 males ixodes ricinus. immunity which is acquired when ticks feed on naive rabbits (first infestation) perturbs tick feeding on reinfested animals (third infestation). then ticks ingest less blood (p less than 0.001). blood meal digestion in also altered. it was estimated by measuring haemoglobin concentration in ixodid midgut during 20 days after their drop off. after the first infestation this concentration decreases linearly with time ( ... | 1990 | 2344134 |
| [ixodes ricinus bites]. | ticks (ixodes ricinus) are found all over the world, with special preference of a few epidemic areas. they do not only invade their hosts one by one, but often in large groups. | 1990 | 2368466 |
| occurrence of the tick ixodes ricinus (l.) under the conditions of anthropopressure. | the authors report on their findings of the tick ixodes ricinus under urban conditions of prague. the concrete data were taken as a basis for a general scheme of possible occurrence of this species in various town parts, determined by the state of vegetation and presence of large mammals. discussed are also conditions for i. ricinus maintenance in another type of anthropogenous landscape, the spoil banks resulting from brown coal exploitation. | 1990 | 2370031 |
| [occurrence of borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes ricinus in the netherlands]. | in a 1989 surveillance to study the infection rate of ixodes ricinus ticks with borrelia burgdorferi, a total of 1838 nymphal and adult ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from 20 locations in the netherlands. by means of a culture method using modified barbour-kelly-stoenner medium nymphs were examined in pools of 4 and adults were examined individually. with 63 out of 75 isolates propagation and serological identification were possible. all of these 63 isolates were identified as borrelia burg ... | 1990 | 2374615 |
| time of repletion of subadult ixodes ricinus ticks feeding on diverse hosts. | for a comparison of the times of day at which the subadult stages of ixodes ricinus detach from nocturnal vs diurnal hosts, these ticks were placed on a variety of indigenous and experimental animals. the time of detachment appears to depend more on properties of the host than on the periodicity of tick behavior. ticks on rodents, regardless of host periodicity, tended to detach late in the afternoon; those on the hedgehog detached around midnight, and those on lizards and birds, during the morn ... | 1990 | 2381897 |
| [ixodes ricinus, haemaphysalis concinna and dermacentor reticulatus (ixodida, ixodidae) in the east german district of leipzig]. | haemaphysalis concinna and dermacentor reticulatus mostly occur in narrow-limited humid biotopes of certain landscapes, whereas ixodes ricinus--as wellknown--occurs more or less occupying the whole territory in kind of a mosaic; in regard of epidemiological questions at least, such a distribution may be resumed for ixodes ricinus. haemaphysalis concinna nearly regularly may be found in certain biotopes. considering the possible role of haemaphysalis concinna and dermacentor reticulatus as vector ... | 1990 | 2389828 |
| louping ill in man: a forgotten disease. | louping ill disease of sheep has been recognised in scotland for centuries. it causes encephalitis and is transmitted by the sheep tick, ixodes ricinus. human infection was first reported in 1934. thirty-one cases of human infection have now been described. four clinical syndromes are seen, an influenza-like illness, a bi-phase encephalitis, a poliomyelitis-like illness and a hemorrhagic fever. certain occupational groups, e.g. laboratory personnel working with the virus and those who kill injec ... | 1991 | 1753132 |