Publications

[improvement in the preparation of paragonimus westermani chromosome for karyotype analysis].	to improve paragonimus westermani chromosome preparation technique.	2002	12567992
characterization and classification of five cysteine proteinases expressed by paragonimus westermani adult worm.	three new members of the cysteine proteinase gene family of paragonimus westermani have been isolated and classified. comparisons of the predicted amino acid sequences of pwcp2 (u69121), pwcp4 (u56958), and pwcp5 (u33215) were performed with those of the previously reported pwcp1 (u69120) and pwcp3 (u56865) sequence. the amino acid alignment showed conservation of the cysteine, histidine, and asparagine residue that form the catalytic triad. with 57 cysteine proteinases including pwcp1-5, we con ...	2002	12856309
paragonimus westermani: molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of a recombinant yolk ferritin.	ferritin is an intracellular protein involved in iron metabolism. a cdna pwyf-1 cloned from the adult paragonimus westermani cdna library encoded a putative polypeptide of 216 amino acids homologous with ferritins of vertebrates and invertebrates. febinding motifs identified in pwyf-1 polypeptide were conserved and predicted to form a ferroxidase center. pwyf-1 polypeptide contained an extended peptide of 45 amino acids at its c-terminus. recombinant pwyf-1 protein, expressed and purified from e ...	2002	12856317
recombinant paragonimus westermani yolk ferritin is a useful serodiagnostic antigen.	a recombinant protein of paragonimus westermani yolk ferritin was bacterially produced from a previously cloned complementary dna and was used as an antigen for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) against paragonimiasis- and other helminth-infected sera to evaluate its serodiagnostic potential. the elisa revealed that paragonimiasis westermani had 88.2% sensitivity and 100% specificity. the positive and negative predictive values of the elisa were calculated to be 100% and 97.1%, respec ...	2002	12001061
purification and characterization of a 7-kda protein from clonorchis sinensis adult worms.	a 7-kda protein was purified from extracts of adult clonorchis sinensis by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange chromatography, cation exchange chromatography, gel-filtration chromatography, and reversed-phase fplc. the 7-kda protein exists in the excretory-secretory products of adult c. sinensis, but not in extracts of adult paragonimus westermani. also, the 7-kda protein reacted with the sera of patients with clonorchiasis but not with paragonimiasis or normal human ...	2002	12099418
polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based molecular discrimination between paragonimus westermani and p. miyazakii at the metacercarial stage.	the metacercariae of the lung flukes, paragonimus westermani and p. miyazakii, are of known medical importance as the pathogens causing human paragonimiasis. they are both found in the same freshwater crab species in japan and are morphologically quite similar. the aim of the present study was to establish molecular methods for accurate discrimination between individual metacercariae of the two species. in the first step, we amplified and sequenced the second internal transcribed spacer (its2) r ...	2002	12144775
active hepatic capsulitis caused by paragonimus westermani infection.	paragonimiasis is an important re-emerging parasitosis in japan. although the lungs and pleural cavity are the principal sites affected with the parasite, ectopic infection can occur in unexpected sites such as skin and brain. this case report describes a patient with active hepatic capsulitis due to paragonimus westermani infection. the patient was successfully treated with praziquantel at the dose of 75 mg/kg/day for 3 days.	2002	12211538
elevated levels of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (tarc) in pleural effusion samples from patients infested with paragonimus westermani.	to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of eosinophilic pleural effusion in patients with paragonimiasis, we measured the levels of various chemokines including thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (tarc), eotaxin, rantes and il-8 in pleural effusion samples. samples were obtained from 11 patients with paragonimus westermani infection, six patients with pleural transudate, eight with tuberculous pleurisy and five with empyema. high percentages of eosinophils were detected in pleural fluid ...	2002	12390321
a clinical study of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis caused by angiostrongyliasis.	to improve the clinician's awareness of angiostrongyliasis.	2002	12411101
[development of paragonimus westermani ichunensis in a reservoir host].	experimental observations showed, that the muscle larva stage of the trematodes paragonimus westermani ichunensis located in a reservoir host can enlarge its body size. a rate of growth in trematode individuals varied both among different host animals and within one host specimens. when rodents are infected with such muscle larvae, the individuals with the size exceeding 1.15 x 0.33 mm invade into the lungs oh host, while smaller individuals secondarily migrate to muscles.	2002	12481611
heterotopic paragonimiasis in the omentum.	paragonimus westermani is a lung fluke but may be found in organs other than the lungs. a case of omental paragonimiasis was found incidentally by plain radiography and computed tomography and showed multiple, irregularly shaped, conglomerated calcifications in the intraperitoneum. many p. westermani ova were detected in the resected omentum. this uncommon calcification on the plain abdominal radiography and computed tomography scan was considered to represent radiologic findings of ectopic para ...	2002	12488753
hybridoma cell agglutination as a novel test to detect circulating antigen of schistosoma japonicum.	we developed a serodiagnostic test which is based on the agglutination of hybridoma cells. in the presence of specific antigen, agglutination of the fixed and stained cells occurs and can be visualized in analogy to traditional erythrocyte agglutination. the procedures were developed with a murine cell line producing a monoclonal antibody against a schistosome gut protein and sera of patients and mice infected with schistosoma japonicum. this test is capable of detecting circulating antigen duri ...	2003	12535254
phylogenetic relationship of ribosomal its2 and mitochondrial coi among diploid and triploid paragonimus westermani isolates.	we compared patterns of intraspecific polymorphism of two markers with contrasting modes of evolution, nuclear ribosomal dna (rdna) and mitochondrial dna (mtdna), in the lung fluke, diploid and triploid paragonimus westermani from three geographical regions of korea. the genetic distances between three populations of korean diploid and triploid p. westermani showed no significant difference in the nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (mtcoi) and ribosomaal sec ...	2003	12666730
[paragonimiasis westermani caused by ingestion of chinese freshwater crabs].	we encountered three cases of paragonimiasis westermani caused by ingestion of chinese freshwater crabs. all patients are chinese living in japan who had a history of eating raw shanghai crabs at the chinese restaurant owned by one of them. a few months later they complained of cough, chest pain and dyspnea. on examination, their peripheral blood showed a remarkable increase in eosinophils. chest radiographs revealed the presence of pleural effusion in all cases, and of pneumothorax in one. pleu ...	2003	12772598
excretory-secretory products secreted by paragonimus westermani delay the spontaneous cell death of human eosinophils through autocrine production of gm-csf.	eosinophils play important roles in tissue inflammatory responses associated with helminth infections. excretory-secretory products (esp) produced by tissue-invasive helminths contain a large quantity of proteolytic enzymes that can modulate the host's immune responses. however, little is known regarding the roles of worm-derived products that are responsible for eosinophilic inflammatory responses in helminth infections.	2003	14555858
the origin of the triploid in paragonimus westermani on the basis of variable regions in the mitochondrial dna.	triploid, parthenogenetic forms of the lungfluke, paragonimus westermani, occur in japan, korea and china. the origin(s) of triploidy has been debated over the years. sequences of two regions in the mitochondrial dna, i.e. partial lrrna (16s), and a portion of the non-coding region, were obtained from natural populations of p. westermani. all triploid individuals (japan, korea, china) and a single tetraploid individual (china) had identical sequences in the 16s region studied. some sequence vari ...	2003	14627442
[cloning and identification of the gene fragments of paragonimus westermani].	to screen and identify the recombinants from the cdna library of the adult paragonimus westermani(pwa) for immunodiagnosis and immunoprophylaxis.	2003	14628343
chronic cerebral paragonimiasis combined with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.	a 67-year-old korean woman attended our hospital complaining of a severe headache. a brain computed tomography scan showed conglomerated, high-density, calcified nodules in the left temporo-occipito-parietal area and high-density subarachnoid hemorrhage in the basal cisterns. magnetic resonance imaging of the brain shows multiple conglomerated iso- or low-signal intensity round nodules with peripheral rim enhancement. she underwent craniotomies to clip the aneurysm and remove the calcified masse ...	2003	14695081
divergent long-terminal-repeat retrotransposon families in the genome of paragonimus westermani.	to gain information on retrotransposons in the genome of paragonimus westermani, pcr was carried out with degenerate primers, specific to protease and reverse transcriptase (rt) genes of long-terminal-repeat (ltr) retrotransposons. the pcr products were cloned and sequenced, after which 12 different retrotransposon-related sequences were isolated from the trematode genome. these showed various degrees of identity to the polyprotein of divergent retrotransposon families. a phylogenetic analysis d ...	2003	14699263
a human case of house dust mite tarsonemus floricolus collected from sputum.	a 23-year-old medical student showed a positive reaction on a skin test for paragonimus westermani, and two tarsonemus floricolus mites were subsequently found by sputum examination and identified morphologically. our report is the first human case of tarsonemus floricolus in korea.	2003	12972731
cloning and characterization of a new cysteine proteinase secreted by paragonimus westermani adult worms.	the cysteine proteinases of paragonimus westermani are known to play important roles in invasion and pathogenesis to hosts and in immune modulation and nutrient uptake. in this study, we have cloned a new cysteine proteinase of p. westermani, pwcp2, from adult worms and tested its diagnostic usefulness. the pwcp2 gene had an open reading frame of 816 base pairs and a conserved catalytic triad of cysteine, histidine, and asparagine residues. the mature form of recombinant pwcp2 (rpwcp2) lacking a ...	2004	15238695
genomic characterization of lung flukes, paragonimus heterotremus, p. siamensis, p. harinasutai, p. westermani and p. bangkokensis by rapd markers.	random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers were assayed in an attempt to discriminate among five species of paragonimus. genomic dnas of two strains of paragonimus heterotremus from two provinces in thailand, saraburi and phitsanulok, as well as of p. siamensis, p. harinasutai, p. westermani and p. bangkokensis were extracted and amplified by an arbitrary primer, namely p2 (5-gtttcgctcc-3). rapd patterns showed that those five species were genetically distinct, although they shared genomic ...	2004	15350661
molecular expression of a cysteine proteinase of clonorchis sinensis and its application to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunodiagnosis of clonorchiasis.	we produced a recombinant cysteine proteinase of clonorchis sinensis and tested its value as an antigen for serologic diagnosis of c. sinensis infections. the predicted amino acid sequence of the cysteine proteinase of c. sinensis was 58, 48, and 40% identical to those of cathepsin l cysteine proteinases from paragonimus westermani, schistosoma japonicum, and fasciola hepatica, respectively. western blotting analysis showed that sera from patients infected with c. sinensis strongly reacted with ...	2004	15013996
caspase-3-mediated apoptosis of human eosinophils by the tissue-invading helminth paragonimus westermani.	eosinophils are important cells in host immunity to infections by parasitic worms. tissue-invasive helminthic parasites have been known to induce apoptosis of immune cells for their successful establishment in vivo. we have previously found that high doses of excretory-secreted products (esp) secreted by lung fluke paragonimus westermani newly excysted metacercariae (pwnem), which cause pulmonary or extrapulmonary paragonimiasis in human beings, accelerate eosinophil cell death. however, little ...	2004	15031609
[detection of schistosomia japonicum 5d gene by polymerase chain reaction and genechip technique].	in order to develop the diagnostic genechip for specific detection of schistosoma japonicum (chinese mainland strain).	2004	15132872
imaging findings of hepatic paragonimiasis : a case report.	hepatic paragonimiasis is a rare form of ectopic infestation caused by paragonimus. we experienced a case of hepatic paragonimiasis that showed characteristic imaging findings. ct and mr images showed a cluster of small cysts with rim enhancement in the subcapsular area of the liver. this finding seems to be characteristic for hepatic paragonimiasis, considering imaging findings in paragonimiasis involving other organs.	2004	15483359
pulmonary paragonimiasis.	a 27-year-old married male from lamdeng village of imphal west district, manipur presented with cough, fever, haemoptysis, anorexia and weight loss, and was treated with antituberculosis drugs continuously for one year without improvement. he also had history of ingestion of raw crabs. chest radiograph revealed right midzone lesion with cavitation. laboratory investigations revealed peripheral blood eosinophilia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and sputum smear revealed eggs of paragonim ...	2004	15553214
[epidemiological survey on the infection of paragonimus westermani in jiangxi province].	to investigate paragonimus westermani infection in the intermediate hosts and animal reservoivs in jiangxi province.	2004	15587164
degranulation of human eosinophils induced by paragonimus westermani-secreted protease.	eosinophil degranulation is considered to be a key effector function for the killing of helminthic worms and tissue inflammation at worm-infected lesion sites. however, relatively little data are available with regard to eosinophil response after stimulation with worm-secreted products which contain a large quantity of cysteine proteases. in this study, we attempted to determine whether the degranulation of human eosinophils could be induced by the direct stimulation of the excretory-secretory p ...	2005	15793357
parasitic zoonoses in papua new guinea.	relatively few species of zoonotic parasites have been recorded in humans in papua new guinea. a greater number of potentially zoonotic species, mostly nematodes, occur in animals but are yet to be reported from humans. protozoa is the best represented group of those infecting man, with giardia duodenalis, cryptosporidium parvum, cyclospora cayetanesis, toxoplasma gondii, sarcocystis spp., entamoeba polecki, balantidium coli and, possibly, blastocystis hominis. the only zoonotic helminths infect ...	2005	15831107
detection of paragonimus heterotremus eggs in experimentally infected cats by a polymerase chain reaction-based method.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) procedure for the detection of paragonimus heterotremus eggs in stool samples was developed and compared with stoll's egg count method. the primers were designed on the basis of a previously constructed pph-13-specific dna probe, which produced an approximate 0.5-kb amplified product. this pcr method could detect as few as 5 eggs in 0.6 g of artificially inoculated feces of a healthy control cat or as little as 1 x 10(-4) ng of p. heterotremus genomic dna. the a ...	2005	15856902
pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis mimicking pulmonary tuberculosis--a report of three cases.	paragonimiasis is an important cause of pulmonary disease worldwide. infection in humans mainly occurs by ingestion of raw or undercooked freshwater crabs or crayfish. the disease is well known in endemic regions of asian countries, where culturally based methods of food preparation foster human transmission. three patients with clinical and radiological features compatible with pulmonary tuberculosis had been treated for tuberculosis without remedy despite an inability to demonstrate acid fast ...	2005	15928446
molecular cloning and characterization of copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase of paragonimus westermani.	superoxide dismutases (sods; ec 1.15.1.1) play important roles in the protection of the parasites against cellular oxygen-mediated killing of the hosts. a copper/zinc-containing sod (cu/zn-sod) was identified previously from lung fluke, paragonimus westermani. to expand our understanding of p. westermani sod, we isolated a complementary dna encoding a cu/zn-sod, expressed the active enzyme in escherichia coli, and characterized its biochemical properties. the deduced amino acid (aa) sequence of ...	2005	15986603
[a case of chronic pleuritis by paragonimus westermani infection resistant to standard chemotherapy and cured by three additional cycles of chemotherapy].	a 16-year-old boy had eaten chinese freshwater crabs soaked in liquor in october 2000, and the left pleural effusion was pointed out on chest x-ray films at a regular medical checkup at school in june 2002. since his father and friends had suffered from paragonimiasis westermani and had been treated in january 2001, the patient agreed to immunoserological examination, and paragonimiasis westermani was diagnosed. after drainage of pleural effusion, the patient was treated with praziquantel for th ...	2005	16050470
high-resolution computed tomography findings of p. westermani.	paragonimiasis westermani, or oriental lung fluke, is a common parasitic zoonosis, which is acquired from eating the flesh of wild boar or freshwater crabs. after being ingested by humans, the larvae of p. westermani migrate across small intestinal mucosa into the intra-abdominal space, and then finally into to the pleural space and lung parenchyma. high-resolution ct findings of p. westermani consist of worm cysts, migration track, peripheral density, bronchial wall thickening, and centrilobula ...	2005	16077336
tuberculosis mimicry.		2005	16135739
fas2-elisa in the detection of human infection by fasciola hepatica.	fasciola hepatica has recently emerged as a major pathogen of humans from reports on areas of endemicity and hyper-endemicity for fascioliasis. this situation is aggravated by the lack of standard assays for the screen diagnosis of f. hepatica infection in humans living in endemic areas. our laboratory has developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (fas2-elisa) based on the capture of igg antibody by a purified protein fas2, which is an adult fluke cysteine proteinase. fas2-elisa exhibited 9 ...	2005	16153317
[familial infestation of paragonimus westermani with peritonitis and pleurisy].	human paragonimiasis was endemic in korea until the 1960's, and nowadays, the prevalence is decreasing. however, it is still one of the important helminthic diseases. though it is essentially a pulmonary disorder, it may involve brain, muscle, mesentery, genital tract, pleura, peritoneum, spinal cord, spleen, and liver. we experienced two cases of paragonimiasis in a family who had ingested raw crabs together for 7 months. a 57-year-old female patient was admitted due to abdominal pain, diarrhea ...	2005	16179846
infection status with helminthes in feral cats purchased from a market in busan, republic of korea.	the present study was performed to investigate the infection status with helminth in a group of feral cats in korea. more than 29 helminth species including adults or eggs were detected in visceral and fecal samples of the examined cats. among these were a host of nematodes, including toxocarids, ancylostoma sp. and the larva of anisakis simplex; trematodes, including clonorchis sinensis, paragonimus westermani, eurytrema pancreaticum, pharyngostomum cordatum, metagonimus spp., heterophyes nocen ...	2005	16192750
early cysteine protease activity in excretory bladder triggers metacercaria excystment of paragonimus westermani.	the cysteine proteases of paragonimus westermani metacercaria are known to initiate metacercaria excystment. however, their secretory sites, such as the intestine, tegument, and excretory bladder are not well defined. in this study, the metacercariae were labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) to distinguish the initial activation sites. brdu was labeled mainly at the excretory bladder and the excretory granules of the metacercariae and the newly excysted juvenile worms. this result shows that ea ...	2005	17089773
[preparation and preliminary application of monoclonal antibodies against adult worm of angiostrongylus cantonensis].	to develop and identify monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) against adult worm of angiostrongylus cantonensis and observe its applicability.	2005	16296607
[diagnosis and treatment of larva migrans due to paragonimus westermani: 106 cases in children].		2005	16300017
molecular discrimination between individual metacercariae of paragonimus heterotremus and p. westermani occurring in thailand.	to accurately discriminate between individual metacercariae of paragonimus heterotremus and p. westermani occurring in thailand, polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based molecular methods were established and subjected to an evaluation. we first amplified and sequenced the second internal transcribed spacer (its2) region of the nuclear ribosomal dna of the two species. based on their nucleotide differences, p. heterotremus and p. westermani were unequivocally discriminated from each other. these nu ...	2005	16438190
[a case of westermani paragonimiasis with atypical change of ct findings].	a 47-year-old man presented with bloody sputum and a cavitary mass shadow was formed in his right middle lobe. transbronchial lung biopsy revealed the presence of parasite eggs and eosinophil infiltration. based on the positive reaction against westermani paragonimus by multiple dot elisa, westermani paragonimiasis was diagnosed. the cavitary mass shadow disappeared after the treatment with pragiquantel. this is a rare case of westermani paragonimiasis showing interesting changes of chest ct fin ...	2005	16457342
critical roles for excretory-secretory cysteine proteases during tissue invasion of paragonimus westermani newly excysted metacercariae.	paragonimus westermani is a trematode parasite, which causes pulmonary and/or extrapulmonary granulomatous disease in humans. successful invasion of the host tissue is critical for the survival of this tissue-invasive parasite. the enzymatic hydrolysis of host proteins is clearly a prerequisite of this process. in this study, we have investigated the functional roles of the excretory-secretory cysteine proteases of p. westermani newly excysted metacercariae (pwnem) in tissue invasion. the 27 and ...	2006	16681843
prevalence of helminthes in adult dogs in heilongjiang province, the people's republic of china.	the prevalence of helminthes in adult dogs was investigated in heilongjiang province, the people's republic of china, between 1996 and 2004. a total of 178 adult farm dogs from representative geographical locations in heilongjiang province were killed and examined for the presence of helminthes using a helminthological approach. the worms were examined, counted, and identified to species according to existing keys and descriptions. a total of 17 species of helminthes were found to infect dogs, a ...	2006	16715234
two cases of pulmonary paragonimiasis on fdg-pet ct imaging.	positron emission tomography (pet) using 18f-fluorodeoxyglucose (fdg) is useful in cancer diagnosis owing to its sensitivity to the differences in glucose metabolic rate between benign and malignant diseases, especially in the lung. one pitfall in pet imaging of lung disease, however, is the overlap in metabolic rate of inflammatory and neoplastic entities. paragonimiasis is a food-borne parasitic disease that causes the pulmonary and pleural inflammation. we present two cases of pulmonary parag ...	2006	16856575
paragonimus westermani and some rare intestinal trematodes recovered from raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) introduced recently on yakushima island, japan.	helminth parasites were collected from 9 raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) and 2 japanese weasels (mustela itatsi sho) on yakushima island, japan. the former carnivore was introduced to this world natural heritage area presumably within the last two decades, expanding its population thence, although detailed process(es) of the introduction is unknown. the collected trematodes from raccoon dogs included the triploid form of paragonimus westermani, brachylaima tokudai, maritrema e ...	2006	16891780
molecular and biochemical characterization of hemoglobinase, a cysteine proteinase, in paragonimus westermani.	the mammalian trematode paragonimus westermani is a typical digenetic parasite, which can cause paragonimiasis in humans. host tissues and blood cells are important sources of nutrients for development, growth and reproduction of p. westermani. in this study, a cdna clone encoding a 47 kda hemoglobinase of p. westermani was characterized by sequencing analysis, and its localization was investigated immunohistochemically. the phylogenetic tree prepared based on the hemoglobinase gene showed high ...	2006	16969056
comparison of gene representation between diploid and triploid paragonimus westermani by expressed sequence tag analyses.	expressed sequence tag (est) analysis of the diploid and triploid paragonimus westermani genes was done to have a rapid and informative outlook of the gene-expression profiles of the parasites. totals of 506 and 505 ests were generated from the diploid and triploid p. westermani cdna libraries. based on the blastx search results of the diploid p. westermani ests, 308 (60.9%) matched significantly with formerly identified genes and 198 (39.1%) showed no significant homology in the genbank databas ...	2006	16995399
macrophageal/microglial cell activation and cerebral injury induced by excretory-secretory products secreted by paragonimus westermani.	cerebral paragonimiasis causes various neurological disorders including seizures, visual impairment and hemiplegia. the excretory-secretory product (esp) released by paragonimus westermani has a cysteine protease activity and plays important roles in its migration in the host tissue and modulation of host immune responses. to gain more insight into the pathogenesis of esp in the brain, we investigated the inflammatory reaction and cerebral injury following microinjection of esp into rat striatum ...	2006	16325294
identification of immunodominant excretory-secretory cysteine proteases of adult paragonimus westermani by proteome analysis.	paragonimus westermani causes inflammatory lung disease in humans. the parasite excretes a host of biologically active molecules, which are thought to be involved in pathophysiological and immunological events during infection. analyses of the 2-de protein profiles of the excretory-secretory products (esp) of adult p. westermani revealed approximately 147 protein spots, at least 15 of which were identified as cysteine proteases (cps), at phs between 4.5 and 8.5, and molecular weights (mws) betwe ...	2006	16404718
a new record of paragonimus other than p. westermani in southern thailand.	field surveys of paragonimus in surat thani province, southern thailand, revealed a new record of a lung fluke species other than p. westermani. the metacercariae were obtained from the crab, ranguna smalleyi. the cysts of the metacercariae were spherical in shape and the larval body in the cysts contained pinkish granules. fully mature adult worms were obtained from experimental infections with a rat and a ferret. the adult worms from the two host animals resembled each other, except for size, ...	2006	17547054
excretory-secretory products produced by paragonimus westermani differentially regulate the nitric oxide production and viability of microglial cells.	tissue-invading helminth parasites secrete a large amount of cysteine proteases that may play critical roles in tissue invasion and immune modulation. however, roles of excretory-secretory products (esp) secreted by paragonimus westermani in the activation and death of microglial cells in brain are poorly understood.	2006	16272822
molecular cloning and enzymatic characterization of a class mu glutathione s-transferase of paragonimus westermani.	glutathione s-transferase (gst) is a component of a second line of defense against bioreactive radicals derived from host immune attack. paragonimus westermani causes acute or chronic lung diseases in mammals. a cdna clone, pwgst#11, of adult p. westermani produced in the present study was 748 bp long and encoded an open reading frame of 217 amino acids with a starting methionine. the molecular mass of this putative polypeptide, pw26gst, was estimated to be 25.1 kda with an isoelectric point of ...	2007	17641916
serial ct findings of paragonimus infested dogs and the micro-ct findings of the worm cysts.	to investigate the serial ct findings of paragonimus westermani infected dogs and the microscopic structures of the worm cysts using micro-ct.	2007	17923779
pulmonary paragonimus westermani with false-positive fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography mimicking primary lung cancer.	we report the case of a 66-year-old woman with pulmonary paragoniumus westermani showing false-positive fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomograpy (fdg-pet). based on chest computed tomography and fdg-pet findings, we could not rule out the possibility of primary lung cancer. she underwent right middle and lower lobectomies as a primary lung cancer. as a possibility in the differential diagnosis of a pulmonary nodule with fdg-pet positive findings, paragonimiasis should be considered, althou ...	2007	18049856
differential expression of paragonimus westermani eggshell proteins during the developmental stages.	eggs of trematode parasites are comprised of numerous vitelline cells and one fertilized ovum, and are encapsulated within a protein shell provided by the vitellocytes. in this study, we isolated two full-length cdna clones that showed substantial levels of sequence identity with trematode-specific eggshell precursor proteins from the human lung fluke, paragonimus westermani. these cdnas, designated pw-vit20 (868-bp-long) and pw-vit36 (883-bp-long), shared a 76% identity with one another at the ...	2007	17112524
molecular cloning and characterization of a major egg antigen in paragonimus westermani and its use in elisa for the immunodiagnosis of paragonimiasis.	a recombinant protein of a paragonimus westermani egg antigen was produced and tested as an antigen for the serologic diagnosis of p. westermani infection. the p. westermani egg antigen gene contains a single open reading frame of 966 base pairs encoding 322 amino acids from 5' methionine to the 3' stop codon. the predicted amino acid sequence of this egg antigen was 40, 38, and was 35% identical to heat shock proteins from schistosoma japonicum, schistosoma mansoni, and taenia saginata. the dis ...	2007	17136389
morphological and molecular identification of two paragonimus spp., of which metacercariae concurrently found in a land crab, potamiscus tannanti, collected in yenbai province, vietnam.	paragonimosis is an important food-borne zoonosis especially in asian countries. among paragonimus species, paragonimus westermani followed by p. skrjabini complex are the major pathogens for human paragonimosis in asia. in addition, p. heterotremus is an important pathogen in southern china and the indochina peninsula and is the only proven species to cause human paragonimosis in vietnam. during a recent survey in yenbai province in northern vietnam, we found small and large types of paragonimu ...	2007	17206505
[paragonimiasis westermani with repeated pleural effusion and diagnosed by detecting parasite eggs in pleural effusion].	a 73-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of left chest pain, left pleural effusion and peripheral blood eosinophilia. after three months, left pleural effusion resolved without treatment and the etiology remained unclarified. three years later, he was admitted for evaluation of right pleural effusion. peripheral blood eosinophil count and serum ige value were elevated. eosinophilia was also observed in the pleural effusion. the diagnosis of paragonimiasis westermani was confirmed b ...	2007	17313027
molecular characterization of two myoglobins of paragonimus westermani.	myoglobins (mbs), globin proteins, are present in high concentrations in trematodes. in paragonimus westermani, 2 cdnas were found to encode mbs. the first clone, pwmyo1, codes a total of 149 amino acids with a calculated mass of 16.6 kda. the second, pwmyo2, encodes a 146-amino acid protein with a calculated mass of 16.2 kda. the predicted secondary structures showed the presence of 8 helices, which is the basic characteristic of mbs. sequence alignment revealed a high homology with the other t ...	2007	17436948
laparoscopic excision of intra-abdominal paragonimiasis.	lung fluke, paragonimus westermani of paragonimus species usually are accompanied by a persistent cough, hemoptysis, and chest pain. extrapulmonary paragonimiasis caused by ectopic parasites in aberrant locations such as the abdominal wall, abdominal organs, and brain has been reported and the most commonly involved extrapulmonary organ is the brain. we present a case of 56-year-old male patient with intra-abdominal paragonimiasis who underwent laparoscopic excision of abdominal granuloma caused ...	2007	18097324
[establishment and application of circulating antigen detection in paragonimus westermani infection].	circulating antigen and antibody were detected by cag-dot-elisa & cab-elisa respectively on the clinically confirmed patients of paragonimiasis, people in paragonimus endemic area, cases with early infection of p. westermani, and cases with other parasitic infections. circulating antigen was detected in 29 out of 70 cases with paragonimiasis with a sensitivity of 41.5%. the rate of cross reaction in cases with clonorchiasis sinensis and schistosomiasis was 25% (5/20) and 20% (4/20), respectively ...	2007	18441905
paragonimus westermani: biochemical and immunological characterizations of paramyosin.	paramyosin of the helminth parasite is a muscle protein that plays multifunctional roles in host-parasite relationships. in this study, we have cloned a gene encoding paragonimus westermani paramyosin (pwpmy) and characterized biochemical and immunological properties of the recombinant protein. the recombinant pwpmy (rpwpmy) was shown to bind both human immunoglobulin g (igg) and collagen. the protein was constitutively expressed in various developmental stages of the parasite and its expression ...	2007	16814286
endemic hemoptysis.		2007	27407988
[pulmonary paragonimiasis. case report].	paragonimiasis is a zoonosis affecting wild and domestic animals and human beings, caused by species of trematodes of the genus paragonimus. humans become infected after ingestion of raw or poorly cooked fresh water crustaceans. the aim of the present work is the description of a case of a 3-years old child, coming from guárico state in venezuela with a year of residence in the seashore of the provincia manabí in ecuador, where he ate crabs in "ceviche". during hospitalization, he presented resp ...	2008	18717271
pwrn1, a novel ty3/gypsy-like retrotransposon of paragonimus westermani: molecular characters and its differentially preserved mobile potential according to host chromosomal polyploidy.	retrotransposons have been known to involve in the remodeling and evolution of host genome. these reverse transcribing elements, which show a complex evolutionary pathway with diverse intermediate forms, have been comprehensively analyzed from a wide range of host genomes, while the information remains limited to only a few species in the phylum platyhelminthes.	2008	18851759
paragonimiasis: an important food-borne zoonosis in china.	the lung fluke, paragonimus westermani, is of major socioeconomic importance in asia. the parasite is transmitted via snails to freshwater crabs or crayfish, then to humans and other mammals, such as cats and dogs, and causes paragonimiasis. this review provides a background on the parasite and its life cycle; summarizes key aspects regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of paragonimiasis; describes the geographic distribution and prevalence of paragonimiasis; and makes some recomme ...	2008	18514575
pulmonary paragonimiasis with coincidental malignant mesothelioma.	a 72-year-old man patient was referred to our institution for evaluation and treatment of right pleural effusion. eosinophilic pleural effusion and peripheral eosinophilia were identified during the course of hospitalization. pulmonary paragonimiasis was confirmed by the presence of paragonimus-specific igg antibodies for paragonimus (p.) westermani and p. miyazakii in his serum. although praziquantel, a highly effective agent for the treatment of lung flukes was repeatedly administered, the ple ...	2008	18520115
a 27 kda cysteine protease secreted by newly excysted paragonimus westermani metacercariae induces superoxide anion production and degranulation of human eosinophils.	eosinophil degranulation plays a crucial role in tissue inflammatory reactions associated with helminth parasitic infections and allergic diseases. paragonimus westermani, a lung fluke causing human paragonimiasis, secretes a large amount of cysteine proteases, which are involved in nutrient uptake, tissue invasion, and modulation of hos's immune responses. there is, however, limited information about the response of eosinophils to direct stimulation by cysteine proteases (cp) secreted by p. wes ...	2008	18552546
ancient divergence of paragonimus westermani in sri lanka.	adult flukes of paragonimus species were obtained from lungs of experimental animals infected with metacercariae found in field-collected freshwater crabs in sri lanka. morphological studies of adult worms under a scanning electron microscope as well as a ordinary microscope were performed in the present study. all of morphological features observed clearly indicated that this species is p. westermani. on the other hand, the shapes of metacercariae were found to be mainly oval, but semioval and ...	2008	18193283
identification and characterization of paragonimus westermani leucine aminopeptidase.	paragonimus westermani is a tissue-invading trematode parasite that causes inflammatory lung disease as well as systemic infections including cerebral invasion in carnivorous mammals. while aminopeptidases play important roles in trematodes in the catabolism of host hemoglobin, an essential source of nutrient for the parasite, little is known about aminopeptidase in paragonimus. presently, we isolated a cdna encoding a 58 kda p. westermani leucine aminopeptidase (pwlap). deduced amino acid seque ...	2008	18394951
artemether and tribendimidine lack activity in experimental treatment of paragonimus westermani in the dog.	artemether and tribendimidine are active against several trematode species, but no data are available regarding the lung fluke paragonimus westermani. we infected six dogs with 100 p. westermani metacercariae each. at day 103 post-infection, four dogs were treated orally for 3 days with either artemether (total dose, 66.7 and 75 mg/kg) or tribendimidine (total dose, 100 mg/kg). the remaining dogs were left untreated and served as control. sixteen days after the final dosing, dogs were killed, an ...	2008	18066711
infection of a group of boar-hunting dogs with paragonimus westermani in miyazaki prefecture, japan.	a 5-year-old male mixed-bred boar-hunting dog with a plott hound background weighing 23 kg was brought to the veterinary teaching hospital, university of miyazaki, in october 2002. the dog was diagnosed with active infection with the lung fluke paragonimus westermani by serological testing and also by detection of parasite eggs in his feces. subsequent examination of four other dogs working with this dog as a boar-hunting team revealed that all five dogs were infected with p. westermani.	2008	18976862
finding ancient parasite larvae in a sample from a male living in late 17th century korea.	parasitological examination of samples from tombs of the korean joseon dynasty (1392-1910) could be helpful to researchers in understanding parasitic infection prevalence in pre-industrial korean society. whereas most of our previous parasitological studies revealed the presence of ancient parasite eggs in coprolites of korean mummies, a sample from a man living in late 17th century korea proved to be relatively unique in possessing what appeared to be several species of parasite larvae. the lar ...	2009	19071966
diagnosis of schistosomiasis using recombinant fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from a formosan strain of schistosoma japonicum.	schistosoma japonicum obtained from taiwan is a zoophilic strain that only infects domestic and small animals. recombinant fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (fbpa) derived from this strain was used as an antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the diagnosis of human schistosomiasis. the full-length dna sequence of fbpa was found to be 1092 bp, encoding a protein of 363 amino acid residues, with a molecular mass of 39.6 kda. a total of 120 participants were recruited from chi ...	2009	19079948
discovery of paragonimus westermani in vietnam and its molecular phylogenetic status in p. westermani complex.	paragonimus westermani is the most well-known species among the genus paragonimus. it is widely distributed in asia with considerable genetic diversity to form p. westermani species complex. while p. westermani distributed in japan, korea, china, and taiwan are genetically homogeneous to form the east asia group, those found in other geographic areas are heterogeneous and would be divided into several groups. recent discoveries of p. westermani in india and sri lanka highlighted new insights on ...	2009	19083013
a seroepidemiological survey for paragonimosis among boar-hunting dogs in central and southern kyushu, japan.	a seroepidemiological survey for paragonimosis among boar-hunting dogs was conducted throughout central and southern kyushu, japan. among a total of 224 sera collected from boar-hunting dogs kept by 38 owners, 147 (65.6%) were positive for igg antibodies against paragonimus westermani antigen by elisa. in the 147 seropositive dogs, 83 (56.5%) dogs demonstrated high antibody titers (od>0.700), which appeared to indicate active infection. there were no obvious differences noted in age, sex and the ...	2009	19232472
two novel phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase genes of paragonimus westermani induced by oxidative stress.	summary: phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (phgpx; gpx4) plays unique roles in the protection of cells against oxidative stress by catalysing reduction of lipid hydroperoxides. we characterized 2 novel gpx genes from a lung fluke, paragonimus westermani (designated pwgpx1 and pwgpx2). these single copy genes spanned 6559 and 12 371 bp, respectively, and contained each of 5 intervening introns. the pwgpx2 harboured a codon for sec and a sec insertion sequence motif. proteins encod ...	2009	19265561
cathepsin f cysteine protease of the human liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini.	the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini is classified as a class i carcinogen due to the association between cholangiocarcinoma and chronic o. viverrini infection. during its feeding activity within the bile duct, the parasite secretes several cathepsin f cysteine proteases that may induce or contribute to the pathologies associated with hepatobiliary abnormalities.	2009	19308250
[a cluster of paragonimiasis westermani infections in thai immigrants].	we report a cluster of infections in four female thai immigrants aged between 35 and 49 years who developed paragonimiasis westermani within 16 months of ingesting freshwater crabs purchased from a market in japan. their symptoms included cough, bloody sputum, chest pain, and dyspnea. radiographic and ct findings comprised pleural effusion, pneumothorax, air-space consolidation, and nodular opacities. paragonimus eggs were identified in the feces of one patient, and in the pleural effusion and t ...	2009	19348275
large-group infection of boar-hunting dogs with paragonimus westermani in miyazaki prefecture, japan, with special reference to a case of sudden death due to bilateral pneumothorax.	we recently found a group of 5 boar-hunting dogs infected with paragonimus westermani. as wild boars are known to be the potential paratenic hosts for this parasite, boar-hunting dogs have obviously a high risk of infection by this parasite. in the present study, therefore, we investigated 20 dogs of another group kept by a hunter in miyazaki prefecture, japan, in order to determine whether paragonimosis is a common problem among boar-hunting dogs. the results showed that p. westermani eggs were ...	2009	19498295
molecular characterization and kinetic properties of a novel two-domain taurocyamine kinase from the lung fluke paragonimus westermani.	taurocyamine kinase (tk) was previously reported to be restricted to certain marine annelids; however, the present study has proven otherwise. the lung fluke paragonimus westermani has a contiguous two-domain tk with a mass of 80216 da consisting of 713 amino acid residues sharing higher sequence identity with molluscan arginine kinase (ak). both domains of p. westermani tk have significant activity for the substrate taurocyamine and exhibited synergism during substrate binding. since tk plays a ...	2009	19500582
excretory-secretory products from paragonimus westermani increase nitric oxide production in microglia in pkc-dependent and -independent manners.	excretory-secretory products (esp) from helminthic parasites may play pivotal roles in the immune regulation in hosts. previously, we reported that esp produced from paragonimus westermani induced morphological activation of microglial cells and markedly stimulated nitric oxide (no) production via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks). in the present study, we investigated the role of protein kinase c and protein kinase a in mapks-dependent no production by esp. we found that t ...	2009	19539668
human paragonimiasis in north america following ingestion of raw crayfish.	paragonimiasis (human infections with the lung fluke paragonimus westermani) is an important public health problem in parts of southeast asia and china. paragonamiasis has rarely been reported from north america as a zoonosis caused by paragonimus kellicotti. paragonimus species have complex life cycles that require 2 intermediate hosts, namely, snails and crustaceans (ie, crabs or crayfish). humans acquire p. kellicotti when they consume infected raw crayfish. humans with paragonimiasis usually ...	2009	19681705
[paragonimiasis westermani associated with pseudochylothorax].	a 67-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of right pleural effusion. she had eaten boiled crab, eriocheir japonicus, raw crab of an unknown species, and broiled wild boar several years ago. the punctured pleural fluid was characterized by an exudative nature, milky-white color, and high cholesterol concentration, indicating pseudochylothorax. high titers of anti-paragonimus westermani antibody in the pleural fluid and serum, assessed by microplate elisa, established the diagnosis ...	2009	19882911
review of zoonotic parasites in medical and veterinary fields in the republic of korea.	zoonotic parasites are animal parasites that can infect humans. the major zoonotic protozoa in the republic of korea are babesia bovis, chilomastix mesnili, cryptosporidium parvum, endolimax nana, entamoeba coli, entamoeba hitolytica, giardia lamblia, iodamoeba bütschlii, pneumocystis carinii, sarcocystis cruzi, and toxoplasma gondii. the major zoonotic helminths in korea include trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. trematodes are clonorchis sinensis, echinostoma hortense, echinostoma spp., fasc ...	2009	19885329
phylogenetic reconstruction using secondary structures and sequence motifs of its2 rdna of paragonimus westermani (kerbert, 1878) braun, 1899 (digenea: paragonimidae) and related species.	most phylogenetic studies using current methods have focused on primary dna sequence information. however, rna secondary structures are particularly useful in systematics because they include characteristics that give "morphological" information, not found in the primary sequence. in several mountainous regions of northeastern india, foci of paragonimus (lung fluke) infection reportedly involve species that are known to prevail in neighbouring countries. the present study was undertaken to demon ...	2009	19958489
infection status of freshwater crabs and crayfish with metacercariae of paragonimus westermani in korea.	the present study investigated the infection status of paragonimus westermani metacercariae in freshwater crabs (n = 363) and crayfish (n = 31) from october 2007 to october 2008 using the crush method. all of the freshwater crabs, eriocheir japonicus, were negative for p. westermani metacercariae while 10 (32.3%) of the 31 examined crayfish were positive. the 10 positive crayfish were caught in haenam, jeollanam-do, and there were 8-59 (mean 28.4) metacercariae per infected crayfish. these resul ...	2009	19967096
[paragonimus westermani infection confirmed by the detection of paragonimus ova in the sputum with bilateral pleural effusion].	a 28-year-old man had a 1-year history of hemoptysis. consequently, he underwent a medical examination. a right pleural effusion, left hydropneumothorax, and multiple pulmonary nodular shadows were found on chest radiography. during a detailed interview, he reported that the hemoptysis began after eating "kejang" (a raw crab preparation) with a friend a year previously. his peripheral blood eosinophil count and serum ige level were elevated. in addition, ova were detected in the sputum and bilat ...	2009	20058692
scanning electron microscope study of ancient parasite eggs recovered from korean mummies of the joseon dynasty.	we have previously shown that parasite eggs have been identified in the coprolites of korean mummies. these eggs have shed light on parasitic infection patterns in korean populations living several hundred years ago. we conducted a scanning electron microscopy (sem) study on ancient trichuris trichiura, ascaris lumbricoides, metagonimus yokogawai, paragonimus westermani, and gymnophalloides seoi eggs recovered from korean mummies of the joseon dynasty. we anticipated that the taphonomic conditio ...	2009	18601576
the first intermediate host of paragonimus westermani in sri lanka.	freshwater snails (family paludomidae, genus paludomus) were collected from streams in hedeniya and peradeniya (the campus of peradeniya university), kandy district, central province, sri lanka, and found to harbor rediae and cercariae of a paragonimus sp. these larvae were identified as paragonimus westermani by using its2 dna sequences. the infection rates of p. westermani in paludomus sp. in hedeniya and peradeniya were 0.1% (one of 1014) and 0.2% (two of 1006), respectively. the snail has no ...	2009	18851937
identification and characterization of a serine protease inhibitor of paragonimus westermani.	paragonimus westermani is a trematode parasite that causes pulmonary and/or extrapulmonary granulomatous disease in humans. in this study, we identified a full-length gene encoding a novel serine protease inhibitor of p. westermani (pwserpin) and characterized the biochemical properties of the recombinant protein. pwserpin had an open reading frame of 1,164 bp, which encoded 387 amino acid residues. sequence analysis of the primary structure of pwserpin revealed that it had the essential structu ...	2009	18925417
paragonimiasis in a person whose symptoms were shown 22 years after emigrating to japan from laos.	we report a patient, a 52-year-old man from laos, who had come to japan at 30 years of age, but had maintained a habit of eating raw freshwater crabs. the patient visited a physician for left chest pain in january 2007. infiltration and mass-like shadows were noted in the left superior and inferior lobes on chest x-ray. diagnosis could not be made by bronchial brushing, but eggs were present in sputum cytology 3 days after bronchoscopy. therefore, paragonimiasis was diagnosed. the peripheral eos ...	2010	20066554
[a case of paragonimus westermani complicated empyema by streptococcus pneumoniae].	a 75-year-old man, who had eaten wild boar and deer repeatedly until november 2006, visited our hospital because of a right pleural effusion on chest x-ray films after he bruised a hip in january 2007. a right thoracocentesis revealed exudative pleural effusion with many neutrophils. ten days after his first visit, a pleural biopsy specimen suggested the existence of parasite eggs. twenty-six days after his first visit, he was admitted to our hospital because of leukocytosis, increased systemic ...	2010	20432969
morphological and molecular characterization of paragonimus westermani in northeastern india.	evidence for the presence of lung flukes of the paragonimus westermani in india remains scant. in particular, evidence based on morphology of adult worms is lacking. metacercariae of the genus paragonimus, recovered from crabs in two regions of northeastern india, were raised to adulthood in laboratory rats. morphologically, these worms appear to be p. westermani. dna sequences from the second internal transcribed spacer (its2) and a portion of the ribosomal large subunit gene (28s) of the nucle ...	2010	20493821
effectiveness of mefloquine against clonorchis sinensis in rats and paragonimus westermani in dogs.	the aim of the study is to explore the effect of mefloquine against clonorchis sinensis and paragonimus westermani. for anti-c. sinensis study, a total of 71 rats were divided into four batches for oral infection of each rat with 50 c. sinensis metacercariae. five to 7 weeks post-infection, groups of rats were treated orally with mefloquine at single doses or multiple daily doses while infected, but untreated rats served as control. all treated rats were euthanized 2 weeks post-treatment for ass ...	2010	20680332
paragonimus westermani found in the tip of a little finger.	paragonimiasis is the infestation of lung flukes of the trematode genus paragonimus. because the symptoms and radiologic findings of paragonimiasis mimic those of tuberculosis, some patients with paragonimiasis are initially treated for tuberculosis. although paragonimus may also reach ectopic sites such as the peritoneum or brain, infection in the skin is rare. to our knowledge, paragonimiasis has not been found in the tip of a finger. we report a case of 39-year-old woman who was belatedly dia ...	2010	20686307
hepatic paragonimiasis revealed by fdg pet/ct.	a 72-year-old asymptomatic man with a hepatic lesion incidentally detected by ultrasonography in routine examination undertook fluorodeoxyglucose (fdg)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography for further evaluation. the images revealed increased fdg activity in the lesion, which was suggestive of malignancy. however, the pathologic examination demonstrated that the lesion was a granuloma caused by paragonimus westermani, a lung fluke. although increased fdg activity in the lung due to p ...	2010	20706055