Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| biotransformation of caryophyllene oxide by botrytis cinerea | biotransformation of caryophyllene oxide (1) with b. cinerea afforded 15 products (2-16). ten of these (3-5, 7, 9-11, and 14-16) are reported here for the first time. the main reaction paths involved stereoselective epoxidation at c-8/c-13 and hydroxylation at c-7. a rearranged compound was found, which was a cyclization product 16 possessing the caryolane skeleton. | 1999 | 9917279 |
| investigation of bioactivity of extracts from moroccan solitary tunicate cynthia savignyi. | extracts of the tunicate cynthia savignyi from the moroccan atlantic sea have been investigated in five bioassays. the first is an antibacterial test against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus and agrobacterium tumefaciens; the second is an antifungal test against three tomato pathogenic fungi, botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxysporum and verticillium albo-atrum; the third is a test based to the ability to reduce dna peak size in procedures using an hplc system for detec ... | 1999 | 10624861 |
| methoxybifurcarenone: an antifungal and antibacterial meroditerpenoid from the brown alga cystoseira tamariscifolia. | a meroditerpenoid metabolite has been isolated from the brown alga cystoseira tamariscifolia and characterized as methoxybifurcarenone, by spectral analysis. methoxybifurcarenone possesses antifungal activity against three tomato pathogenic fungi: botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxysporum sp. mycopersici and verticillium alboatrum and antibacterial activity against agrobacterium tumefaciens and escherichia coli. | 1999 | 10466223 |
| a new double-stranded rna mycovirus from botrytis cinerea. | a simple double-stranded rna mycovirus was detected in a wild-type botrytis cinerea 55k strain. the virus was located in the fungus cytoplasm as free particles of approximately 28 nm in diameter. the mycovirus possesses a single double-stranded genome segment of 1.8 kilobase pairs (kbp) encapsidated within an isometric protein coat whose main structural component is a polypeptide of 68 kda. cells infected with this virus showed an important degree of cellular degeneration. | 1999 | 10361713 |
| antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of calamintha nepeta and its constituent pulegone against bacteria and fungi. | the chemical composition of the essential oil of calamintha nepeta and its antimicrobial activity against listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus, salmonella veneziana, s. paratyphi b. s. typhimurium, fusarium moniliforme, botrytis cinerea, aspergillus niger and pyricularia oryzae have been studied. moreover the main constituents of the oil (limonene, menthone, pulegone, menthol) have been tested against the same microorganisms. only pulegone showed antimicrobial activity, particularly against a ... | 1999 | 10404547 |
| expression of two major chitinase genes of trichoderma atroviride (t. harzianum p1) is triggered by different regulatory signals. | regulation of the expression of the two major chitinase genes, ech42 (encoding the chit42 endochitinase) and nag1 (encoding the chit73 n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase), of the chitinolytic system of the mycoparasitic biocontrol fungus trichoderma atroviride (= trichoderma harzianum p1) was investigated by using a reporter system based on the aspergillus niger glucose oxidase. strains harboring fusions of the ech42 or nag1 5' upstream noncoding sequences with the a. niger goxa gene displayed a gl ... | 1999 | 10223970 |
| structural characteristics and possible horizontal transfer of group i introns between closely related plant pathogenic fungi. | we have characterized structural features and the distribution pattern of nuclear group i introns found in ribosomal dna (rdna) of closely related plant pathogenic fungi of the family sclerotiniaceae. sixteen introns, at two distinct positions in the small-subunit (ssu) and large-subunit (lsu) rdna, were sequenced and analyzed among the 29 taxa included in the initial screening. genera found to contain introns were botrytis, dumontinia, encoelia, grovesinia, myriosclerotinia, and sclerotinia. se ... | 1999 | 10331256 |
| pathogen-induced elicitin production in transgenic tobacco generates a hypersensitive response and nonspecific disease resistance. | the rapid and effective activation of disease resistance responses is essential for plant defense against pathogen attack. these responses are initiated when pathogen-derived molecules (elicitors) are recognized by the host. we have developed a strategy for creating novel disease resistance traits whereby transgenic plants respond to infection by a virulent pathogen with the production of an elicitor. to this end, we generated transgenic tobacco plants harboring a fusion between the pathogen-ind ... | 1999 | 9927640 |
| plants ectopically expressing the iron-binding protein, ferritin, are tolerant to oxidative damage and pathogens. | transgenic tobacco plants that synthesize alfalfa ferritin in vegetative tissues--either in its processed form in chloroplasts or in the cytoplasmic nonprocessed form--retained photosynthetic function upon free radical toxicity generated by iron excess or paraquat treatment. progeny of transgenic plants accumulating ferritin in their leaves exhibited tolerance to necrotic damage caused by viral (tobacco necrosis virus) and fungal (alternaria alternata, botrytis cinerea) infections. these transfo ... | 1999 | 10052358 |
| purification and characterization of a 40.8-kda cutinase in ungerminated conidia of botrytis cinerea pers.: fr. | cytoplasmic soluble proteins from ungerminated conidia of botrytis cinerea exhibited cutinase activity. a 40.8-kda cutinase was purified to homogeneity from this crude conidial protein extract. this cutinase does not correspond either to constitutive or to induced lytic cutin enzymes already described by other authors. the possible role of this constitutive cutinase in the induction of other cutinolytic proteins in the early stages of infection of plants by b. cinerea is discussed. | 1999 | 10077849 |
| characterization of a pine multigene family containing elicitor-responsive stilbene synthase genes. | young pine seedlings respond to environmental stress by induced synthesis of pinosylvin, a stilbene phytoalexin. heartwood of pine trees is characterized by a high content of pinosylvin. the formation of pinosylvin from cinnamoyl-coa and three molecules malonyl-coa catalysed by pinosylvin synthase is typical of the genus pinus. its enzyme activity not detectable in unstressed seedlings is substantially increased upon application of stimuli like uv-light or infection with the phytopathogenic fung ... | 1999 | 10080690 |
| gene encoding polygalacturonase inhibitor in apple fruit is developmentally regulated and activated by wounding and fungal infection. | a cdna encoding polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip) from mature apple fruit has been cloned and characterized. the open reading frame encodes a polypeptide of 330 amino acids, in which 24 amino acids at the n-terminus comprise the signal peptide. apple pgip contains 10 imperfect leucine-rich repeat sequence motifs averaging 24 amino acids in length. in addition to the 1.3 kb pgip transcript, the cloned cdna also hybridized to rna molecules with sizes of 3.2 and 5.0 kb. genomic dna analys ... | 1999 | 10380809 |
| differential induction of grapevine defenses by two strains of botrytis cinerea. | abstract even though botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of gray mold, is a highly variable fungus with strains displaying very different degrees of virulence toward one given host plant species, no study has yet shown any correlation between the lack of aggressiveness of one given strain and its ability to stimulate a defense response from its host. strains of b. cinerea collected from different host plant species were screened for their pathogenicity on grapevine to select two strains with simi ... | 1999 | 18944759 |
| quantification of mycelium of botrytis spp. and the antagonist ulocladium atrum in necrotic leaf tissue of cyclamen and lily by fluorescence microscopy and image analysis. | abstract a technique was developed to localize and quantify the internal mycelial colonization of necrotic leaf tissue of cyclamen (cyclamen persicum) or lily (lilium) by pathogenic botrytis spp. and the antagonist ulocladium atrum. this technique allows investigation of competitive substrate colonization by both fungi, which is a key process for biological control of botrytis spp. by u. atrum. a combination of differential fluorescent labeling and image analysis was applied on cryostat sections ... | 1999 | 18944729 |
| two sibling species of the botrytis cinerea complex, transposa and vacuma, are found in sympatry on numerous host plants. | abstract strains of botrytis cinerea (the anamorph of botryotinia fuckeliana) were collected from 21 different plant species around vineyards in the champagne region (france). strains were analyzed using three new polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) markers that were found by swapp (sequencing with arbitrary primer pairs), in addition to 15 other markers (pcr-rflp, transposable elements, and resistance to fungicides). the markers revealed a high degree ... | 1999 | 18944743 |
| characterization of a pterostilbene dehydrodimer produced by laccase of botrytis cinerea. | abstract in the interaction between grapevines and botrytis cinerea, one of the main aspects of pathogenicity is fungal ability to degrade phytoalexins synthesized by the plant in response to infection. laccase-like stilbene oxidase activity in liquid cultures of b. cinerea has been shown to be related to the decrease of phytoalexin concentrations. recent research and results presented in this paper determined the chemical structure of a pterostilbene metabolite produced by b. cinerea. study of ... | 1999 | 18944774 |
| [effect of inoculation time on the survival of spores of gliocladium roseum on geranium leaves.]. | gliocladium roseumis a successful antagonist of botrytis cinerea and is considered to have the major potential for biocontrol of the pathogen in cropping systems. in order to elucidate the optimal moment of the day to apply the biological control agent, geranium plants were inoculated until run off with a suspension containing 10 e7 conidia of g. roseum + tritón 100x. the inoculation times were 9 am, 12 am, 3 pm and 6 pm. the number cfu per cm(2) of leaves at inoculation time (time 0) and at 3, ... | 1999 | 18473563 |
| genetic analysis of isolates of botrytis cinerea sensitive and resistant to benzimidazole and dicarboximide fungicides. | abstract a total of 56 isolates of b. cinerea collected from ornamental crops from commercial greenhouses were examined by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprint analyses. isolates were examined as two independent sets of 35 and 36 isolates, with 15 isolates common to both sets. the isolates had four phenotypes: 17 were sensitive to two commonly used fungicides, thiophanate-methyl (a benzimidazole) and vinclozolin (a dicarboximide) (s(t)s(v)); 18 were resistant to both fungicides (r ... | 2000 | 18944506 |
| systemic and local responses associated with uv- and pathogen-induced resistance to botrytis cinerea in stored carrot. | abstract the induction of resistance to botrytis cinerea in carrot roots by uv radiation, a possible means for controlling storage diseases, was compared with systemic resistance induced by inoculation with the pathogen. uv radiation did not have any systemic effect, and disease resistance was induced only in tissues directly exposed to the radiation. although uv radiation induced a local accumulation of 6-methoxymellein (6-mm), inoculation with b. cinerea caused 6-mm to accumulate systemically, ... | 2000 | 18944523 |
| early brown rot infections in sweet cherry fruit are detected by monilinia-specific dna primers. | abstract visible and nonvisible quiescent infections of immature and mature fruit are an integral component of the disease cycle of brown rot of sweet cherry in california. detection of these infections is critical for developing efficient and efficacious fungicide management programs. the previously published dna amplification primers mfs3 and ns5 for the identification of monilinia fructicola were very specific in amplifying dna of m. fructicola only and not m. laxa. this primer set, however, ... | 2000 | 18944605 |
| variability of three isolates of botrytis cinerea affects the inhibitory effects of calcium on this fungus. | abstract botrytis cinerea is an economically important pathogen. epidemiological studies are difficult because of the genetic variability within this species. the objectives of this work were to study the variability and to compare the inhibitory effects of ca on three isolates of b. cinerea from decayed apple (b) and grape (c and c77:4). among these isolates, b had the least radial growth but had a sporulation rate 40% higher than that of both c77:4 and c. in situ, isolate c incited the largest ... | 2000 | 18944497 |
| fitness of botrytis cinerea associated with dicarboximide resistance. | abstract fitness costs in botrytis cinerea associated with dicarboximide resistance were studied. spearman rank correlation coefficients were calculated between resistance to iprodione and survival ability both outside and inside the greenhouse, measured on isolates randomly chosen from a collection done in a survey of commercial greenhouses in southeastern spain in 1992. survival was measured at 47, 83, and 110 days as percentage of surviving mycelia in a sample of artificially inoculated tomat ... | 2000 | 18944427 |
| modeling infection of strawberry flowers by botrytis cinerea using field data. | abstract the incidence of strawberry flower infection by botrytis cinerea was monitored in unsprayed field plots in three successive years together with meteorological data and numbers of conidia in the air. there were large differences in conidia numbers and weather conditions in the 3 years. three sets of models were derived to relate inoculum and weather conditions to the incidence of flower infection; by inoculum only, by weather variables only, and by both inoculum and weather variables. al ... | 2000 | 18943378 |
| [genetic analysis and relationship to pathogenicity in botrytis cinerea]. | botrytis cinerea is a plant-pathogenic fungus that produces the disease known as grey mould in a wide variety of agriculturally important hosts in many countries. ten strains from different locations collected on different years have been isolated and characterized by several methods (morphological, biochemical, genetical and molecular). results showed that clear morphological differences exist between strains, and showing a relationship between the presence of sclerotia and pathogenicity. the c ... | 2000 | 15762780 |
| [pathogenicity factors in botrytis cinerea]. | botrytis cinereais an important plant pathogenic fungi with a wide host range, which can make use of different infection mechanisms. although genetic variation for resistance to b. cinereahas been observed within some species, no gene-for-gene relationship has been found. the development of resistant genotypes is, therefore, complicated. any attempt to develop control strategies makes it necessary a detailed knowledge of both the fungal infection mechanisms and the plant defence mechanisms. the ... | 2000 | 15762781 |
| synthesis and antifungal activity of some new quinazoline and benzoxazinone derivatives. | the hitherto unknown 2-isopropyl-6,8-dibromo-4h-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one (2) was subjected to condensation with either primary or secondary amines affording the benzamide derivatives (3-7), while with alcohols in presence of the base, corresponding esters were obtained (8 and 9). acylation of the hydrazide (12) or its cyclized form (13) gave (14-17). the quinazolinone derivative (18) was obtained either when (12) was reacted with nitrous acid or via fusion of (2) with ammonium acetate. the thione (2 ... | 2000 | 11129978 |
| stilbene content of mature vitis vinifera berries in response to uv-c elicitation. | a method using hplc analysis has been used to compare the level of resveratrol and its derivatives, piceid, pterostilbene and epsilon-viniferin, in grapevine berries of three vitis vinifera varieties. the concentration of these compounds has been evaluated in healthy and botrytis cinerea infected grape clusters, both in natural vineyard conditions and in response to uv elicitation. | 2000 | 11312782 |
| biotransformation of two cytotoxic terpenes, alpha-santonin and sclareol by botrytis cinerea. | two cytotoxic terpenes, alpha-santonin (1) and sclareol (3) were biotransformed by a plant pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea to produce oxidized metabolites in high yields. alpha-santonin (1) on fermentation with the fungus for ten days afforded a hydroxylated metabolite identified as 11beta-hydroxy-alpha-santonin (2) in a high yield (83%), while sclareol (3) was metabolized to epoxysclareol (4) (64%) and a new compound 8-deoxy-14,15-dihydro-15-chloro-14-hydroxy-8,9-dehydrosclareol (5) (7%), re ... | 2000 | 11098821 |
| a robust cysteine-deficient chitinase-like antifungal protein from inner shoots of the edible chive allium tuberosum. | from the inner shoots of the chive allium tuberosum, a single-chained protein with a molecular weight of 36 kda and an n-terminal sequence manifesting resemblance to chitinases but lacking in cysteine residues characteristic of a cysteine-rich domain present in chitinases of other allium species, was purified. the isolation procedure entailed affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose and mono s, and gel filtration on superdex 75. the protein was ... | 2000 | 11112420 |
| phytotoxicity of cobalt, chromium and copper in cauliflower. | cauliflower (brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis cv. maghi) was grown in refined sand with complete nutrition (control) and at 0.5 mm each of co, cr and cu. in cauliflower, compared to that of excess cu or cr, the visible effects of excess co appeared first and were most pronounced. excess of each heavy metal restricted the biomass of cauliflower, concentrations of fe, chlorophylls a and b, protein and activity of catalase in leaves in the order co>cu>cr. the translocation of cr from roots to top ... | 2000 | 15092914 |
| carbon catabolite repression in plant pathogenic fungi: isolation and characterization of the gibberella fujikuroi and botrytis cinerea crea genes. | the crea genes of two plant pathogenic fungi, the gibberellin-producing rice pathogen gibberella fujikuroi and the gray mold botrytis cinerea, were isolated and characterized. the deduced amino acid sequences of both glucose repressors are 64% identical to each other and 59% (g. fujikuroi) and 61% (b. cinerea) identical to the crea protein of aspergillus nidulans. the zinc finger regions of the gibberella and botrytis crea proteins shared 98% identity with the corresponding zinc finger region of ... | 2000 | 10689158 |
| transgenic expression of pear pgip in tomato limits fungal colonization. | transgenic tomato plants expressing the pear fruit polygalacturonase inhibitor protein (ppgip) were used to demonstrate that this inhibitor of fungal pathogen endopolygalacturonases (endo-pgs) influences disease development. transgenic expression of ppgip resulted in abundant accumulation of the heterologous protein in all tissues and did not alter the expression of an endogenous tomato fruit pgip (tpgip). the ppgip protein was detected, as expected, in the cell wall protein fraction in all tran ... | 2000 | 10975651 |
| secobotrytriendiol and related sesquiterpenoids: new phytotoxic metabolites from botrytis cinerea. | six new sesquiterpenoid metabolites (1, 3-7) have been isolated from botrytis cinerea. their structures were elucidated by means of ms and extensive nmr studies. the phytotoxic activities of these new products have been evaluated. | 2000 | 10691704 |
| dimerization of resveratrol by the grapevine pathogen botrytis cinerea. | resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) is produced by grapes (vitis spp.) in response to microbial attack by the fungal grapevine pathogen botrytis cinerea. several reports indicate that pathogenic b.cinerea strains are capable of biotransforming resveratrol into an assortment of unidentified oxidized metabolites as a means of reducing the antifungal effects of resveratrol and facilitating botrytis invasion into host-plant tissues. studies utilizing growing incubations of botrytis cinerea ... | 2000 | 10650073 |
| biotransformation of (4e,8r)-caryophyll-4(5)-en-8-ol by botrytis cinerea. | biotransformation of (4e,8r)-caryophyll-4(5)-en-8-ol (1) with botrytis cinerea afforded 14 products (3-16). thirteen of these (4-16) are described here for the first time. the main reaction paths involved the isomerization of the double bond at c-4/c-5 and hydroxylation of methyl groups. | 2000 | 10650077 |
| antimicrobial effect of rosemary extracts. | a rosemary extract commercially exploited (oxy'less) as an antioxidant of lipids in foods was dissolved in ethanol (100 mg/ml), and the solution was tested against foodborne microorganisms. for gram-positive bacteria, the mic of the ethanolic solution was 1% for leuconostoc mesenteroides, 0.5% for listeria monocytogenes, 0.5% for staphylococcus aureus, 0.13% for streptococcus mutans, and 0.06% for bacillus cereus. it slowed the growth of penicillium roquefortii and botrytis cinerea. up to 1% of ... | 2000 | 11041135 |
| pythium contiguanum nomen novum (syn. pythium dreschleri paul), its antagonism to botrytis cinerea, its1 region of its nuclear ribosomal dna, and its comparison with related species. | pythium drechsleri paul was described as a new species from soil samples taken in a salt-marsh of arzew, algeria [paul, b. (1988) une nouvelle espèce de pythium isolée d'une saline de l'ouest algérien. cryptogam. mycol. 9, 325-333]. the name of the fungus, p. drechsleri, is a nomen invalidum, as it is a later homonym of p. drechsleri rajgopalan and ramakrishnan [rajagopalan, s. and ramakrishnan, k. (1971) phycomycetes in agricultural soils with special reference to the pythiaceae. madras univ. j ... | 2000 | 10650210 |
| isolation and characterization of antagonists for the biocontrol of the postharvest wound pathogen botrytis cinerea on strawberry fruits. | antagonistic bacteria and yeasts were isolated from the epiphytic flora of stored strawberry fruits and evaluated for their ability to protect strawberry fruit wounds after harvest against botrytis cinerea. among selected potential antagonists, three strains of candida reukaufii (5l3, 10cl4, 10l2) and one strain of candida pulcherima (10l8) still protected fruit wounds when applied at 10(3) cfu/wound, reducing lesion or conidiophore development. in the same conditions, two enterobacteriaceae (10 ... | 2000 | 10716570 |
| lipid composition of the extracellular matrix of botrytis cinerea germlings. | six simple lipid classes (mono-, di- and tri-acylglycerols, free fatty acids, free fatty alcohols and wax esters) were identified by tlc in the extracellular matrix of botrytis cinerea germlings and the molecular components of each class were characterized using gc-ms. the relative amounts of fatty acids and fatty alcohols within each lipid class were determined by gc-fid. over all the lipid classes, the most abundant saturated fatty acids were palmitic (ca. 30%) and stearic acid (ca. 22%). palm ... | 2000 | 10680186 |
| regulation of endopolygalacturonase gene expression in botrytis cinerea by galacturonic acid, ambient ph and carbon catabolite repression. | the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea produces a set of endopolygalacturonases (endopgs) which are involved in the enzymatic degradation of pectin in plant cell walls. the endopg-encoding genes of b. cinerea are differentially expressed when the fungus is grown in liquid culture on different carbon sources. a basic constitutive expression level was observed for two genes, bcpg1 and bcpg2, which encode basic isozymes. galacturonic acid was shown to induce the expression of bcpg4 and bcpg6. ... | 2000 | 10743572 |
| extrinsic allergic alveolitis in domestic environments (domestic allergic alveolitis) caused by mouldy tapestry | extrinsic allergic alveolitis often occures as bird fancier's lung or is caused by occupational treatment with antigenic materials. in housing environments antigens of allergic alveolitis are also found, especially mould fungi. lf a source of antigens is absent in the anamnesis and the clinical picture as well as the clinical findings are ambiguous, the diagnosis of extrinsic allergic alveolits is delayed or unobtained. the following example shows that in spite of a detailed allergic anamnesis t ... | 2000 | 10756168 |
| mungin, a novel cyclophilin-like antifungal protein from the mung bean. | a protein designated mungin, isolated from mung bean (phaseolus mungo) seeds, possessed activity against the fungi rhizoctonia solani, coprinus comatus, mycosphaerella arachidicola, botrytis cinerea, and fusarium oxysporum. the 18-kda protein also possessed a novel n-terminal sequence with similarity to cyclophilins. it exerts an inhibitory action against alpha- and beta-glucosidases suppresses [(3)h]thymidine in corporation by mouse splenocytes. | 2000 | 10891380 |
| fungicidal activity of natural and synthetic sesquiterpene lactone analogs. | fungicidal activity of 36 natural and synthetic sesquiterpene lactones with guaianolide, trans, trans-germacranolide, cis, cis-germacranolide, melampolide, and eudesmanolide carbon skeletons was evaluated against the phytopathogenic fungi colletotrichum acutatum, c. fragariae, c. gloeosporioides, fusarium oxysporum, botrytis cinerea, and phomopsis sp. dose-response data for the active compounds dehydrozaluzanin c, dehydrocostuslactone, 5alpha-hydroxydehydrocostuslacone, costunolide, and zaluzani ... | 2000 | 10783981 |
| biotransformation of testosterone and pregnenolone catalyzed by the fungus botrytis cinerea. | testosterone (1), a male sex hormone, and pregnenolone (2), a precursor of many steroidal hormones, were oxidized by fermentation with the fungus botrytis cinerea. the fermentation of 1 yielded 7beta,17beta-dihydroxyandrostan-3-one (3) (73%) in a yield comparable to chemical transformations. fermentation of 2 by the same fungus afforded a major metabolite 3beta,11alpha, 16beta-trihydroxypregn-5-en-20-one (4) (39%) along with a minor metabolite 11alpha,16beta-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (5) ( ... | 2000 | 10785420 |
| enhancement of in vitro growth and resistance to gray mould of vitis vinifera co-cultured with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. | the potential of a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, pseudomonas sp. (strain psjn), to stimulate the growth and enhancement of the resistance of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) transplants to gray mould caused by botrytis cinerea has been investigated. in vitro inoculation of grapevine plantlets induced a significant plant growth promotion which made them more hardy and vigorous when compared to non-inoculated plantlets. this ability increased upon transplanting. when grown together with b. c ... | 2000 | 10779718 |
| confocal microscopy of fm4-64 as a tool for analysing endocytosis and vesicle trafficking in living fungal hyphae. | confocal microscopy of amphiphilic styryl dyes has been used to investigate endocytosis and vesicle trafficking in living fungal hyphae. hyphae were treated with fm4-64, fm1-43 or tma-dph, three of the most commonly used membrane-selective dyes reported as markers of endocytosis. all three dyes were rapidly internalized within hyphae. fm4-64 was found best for imaging the dynamic changes in size, morphology and position of the apical vesicle cluster within growing hyphal tips because of its stai ... | 2000 | 10849201 |
| the bmp1 gene is essential for pathogenicity in the gray mold fungus botrytis cinerea. | in magnaporthe grisea, a well-conserved mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase gene, pmk1, is essential for fungal pathogenesis. in this study, we tested whether the same map kinase is essential for plant infection in the gray mold fungus botrytis cinerea, a necrotrophic pathogen that employs infection mechanisms different from those of m. grisea. we used a polymerase chain reaction-based approach to isolate map kinase homologues from b. cinerea. the botrytis map kinase required for pathogenesis ... | 2000 | 10875333 |
| a new method to monitor airborne inoculum of the fungal plant pathogens mycosphaerella brassicicola and botrytis cinerea. | we describe a new microtiter immunospore trapping device (mtist device) that uses a suction system to directly trap air particulates by impaction in microtiter wells. this device can be used for rapid detection and immunoquantification of ascospores of mycosphaerella brassicicola and conidia of botrytis cinerea by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) under controlled environmental conditions. for ascospores of m. brassicicola correlation coefficients (r(2)) of 0.943 and 0.9514 were obser ... | 2000 | 10877797 |
| the hypersensitive response facilitates plant infection by the necrotrophic pathogen botrytis cinerea. | plants have evolved efficient mechanisms to combat pathogen attack. one of the earliest responses to attempted pathogen attack is the generation of oxidative burst that can trigger hypersensitive cell death. this is called the hypersensitive response (hr) and is considered to be a major element of plant disease resistance. the hr is thought to deprive the pathogens of a supply of food and confine them to initial infection site. necrotrophic pathogens, such as the fungi botrytis cinerea and scler ... | 2000 | 10898976 |
| chaetoatrosin a, a novel chitin synthase ii inhibitor produced by chaetomium atrobrunneum f449. | chaetoatrosin a, a novel chitin synthase ii inhibitor, was isolated from the culture broth of fungus f449, which was identified as chaetomium atrobrunneum f449. chaetoatrosin a was purified by solvent partition, silica gel, ods, preparative tlc, and sephadex lh-20 column chromatographies, consecutively. the structure of chaetoatrosin a was assigned as 1,8-dihydroxy-3(2-hydroxypropionyl)-6-methoxynaphthalene on the basis of various spectroscopic analyses including uv, ir, mass spectral, and nmr. ... | 2000 | 10819295 |
| humus bacteria of norway spruce stands: plant growth promoting properties and birch, red fescue and alder colonizing capacity. | we studied the potential of the humus layer of the norway spruce stands to supply beneficial rhizobacteria to birch (betula pendula), alder (alnus incana) and fescue grass (festuca rubra), representatives of pioneer vegetation after clear-cutting of the coniferous forest. axenically grown seedlings of these species were inoculated with the acid spruce humus, ph 3.7-5.3. actinorhizal propagules, capable of nodulating alder, were present in high density (10(3) g(-1)) in humus of long-term limed pl ... | 2000 | 10640667 |
| oxidative metabolism of ambrox and sclareolide by botrytis cinerea. | ambrox (1), a perfumery diterpene, was oxidatively metabolised by a plant pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea in a xenobiotic fashion to afford a major product, i.e., 1beta-hydroxy-8-epiambrox (13) (60%) along with three minor metabolites 3beta-hydroxyambrox (2), sclareolide (5) and 3beta-hydroxysclareolide (7). sclareolide (5), a cytotoxic diterpenoidal lactone was fermented with the same fungus to yield 3beta-hydroxysclareolide (7) (59%) as a major metabolite together with two minor metabolites ... | 2000 | 10928544 |
| can the grey mould disease of the grape-vine be controlled by yeast? | botrytis cinerea has been found to be highly pathogenic to 'chardonnay' and 'pinot noir' cultivars of the grape-vine producing the characteristic grey mould symptoms within 7 days of inoculation to the vitro-plants. the yeast pichia anomala (strain fy-102), isolated from apple skin, was found to be antagonistic to b. cinerea as it completely inhibited the appearance of the grey mould symptoms when grown together. the yeast was responsible for morphological changes such as coagulation and leakage ... | 2000 | 10930744 |
| cloning, characterization and chromosomal location of three genes encoding host-cell-wall-degrading enzymes in leptosphaeria maculans, a fungal pathogen of brassica spp. | the ascomycete, leptosphaeria maculans, causes blackleg disease of oilseed brassica spp. such as canola (brassica napus). we have cloned a gene encoding endopolygalacturonase, pg1, and two genes encoding cellulases, cel1 and cel2, in l. maculans. these genes are not clustered in the genome, as they are located on different chromosomes. the deduced amino acid sequences of all three genes predict an n-terminal signal sequence, as is common for secreted fungal enzymes that degrade plant cell walls. ... | 2000 | 10806354 |
| molecular characterization and identification of biocontrol isolates of trichoderma spp. | the most common biological control agents (bcas) of the genus trichoderma have been reported to be strains of trichoderma virens, t. harzianum, and t. viride. since trichoderma bcas use different mechanisms of biocontrol, it is very important to explore the synergistic effects expressed by different genotypes for their practical use in agriculture. characterization of 16 biocontrol strains, previously identified as "trichoderma harzianum" rifai and one biocontrol strain recognized as t. viride, ... | 2000 | 10788356 |
| isolation and bioactivities of epidioxysterol from the tunicate cynthia savignyi. | from a hexane extract of the tunicate cynthia savignyi, collected in morocco, epidioxysterol or 5,8-alpha-epidioxy-5alpha-cholest-6-en-3beta-ol has been isolated. this is the first example of epidioxysterol found in the tunicate c. savignyi. the structure of epidioxysterol has been characterised by nmr data (1h, 13c and 2d). epidioxysterol possesses antifungal activity against three tomato pathogenic fungi: botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxysporum and verticillium albo atrum and antibacterial activi ... | 2000 | 11204751 |
| redox chemistry in laccase-catalyzed oxidation of n-hydroxy compounds. | 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, violuric acid, and n-hydroxyacetanilide are three n-oh compounds capable of mediating a range of laccase-catalyzed biotransformations, such as paper pulp delignification and degradation of polycyclic hydrocarbons. the mechanism of their enzymatic oxidation was studied with seven fungal laccases. the oxidation had a bell-shaped ph-activity profile with an optimal ph ranging from 4 to 7. the oxidation rate was found to be dependent on the redox potential difference between ... | 2000 | 10788380 |
| isolation and identification of antifungal n-butylbenzenesulphonamide produced by pseudomonas sp. ab2. | an antifungal bacterial strain, isolated from a greenhouse soil sample, inhibits growth of microflora nearby. it was selected for further studies of bacterial antifungal properties. this isolate was identified as a pseudomonas sp. based on carbohydrate utilization, and other biochemical and physiological tests. petri plate assay revealed that the pseudomonas sp. exhibited antifungal activity against the plant pathogens, pythium ultimum, rhizoctonia solani, phytophthora capsici, botrytis cinerea ... | 2000 | 10805572 |
| variation and selection at the cauliflower floral homeotic gene accompanying the evolution of domesticated brassica oleracea. | the evolution of plant morphologies during domestication events provides clues to the origin of crop species and the evolutionary genetics of structural diversification. the cauliflower gene, a floral regulatory locus, has been implicated in the cauliflower phenotype in both arabidopsis thaliana and brassica oleracea. molecular population genetic analysis indicates that alleles carrying a nonsense mutation in exon 5 of the b. oleracea cauliflower (bocal) gene are segregating in both wild and dom ... | 2000 | 10835404 |
| statistical analysis of elicitation strategies for thiarubrine a production in hairy root cultures of ambrosia artemisiifolia. | elicitation strategies were studied for yield enhancement of thiarubrine a, a secondary metabolite and a potential pharmaceutical, produced by hairy root cultures of ambrosia artemisiifolia. abiotic elicitation was performed using vanadyl sulfate solution and biotic elicitation using autoclaved cell wall filtrates of the fungi protomyces gravidus, a pathogen of a. artemisiifolia and botrytis cinereae. the factors considered were age of the culture, concentration of the elicitor used and the time ... | 2000 | 10908796 |
| its1 region of the nuclear ribosomal dna of the mycoparasite pythium periplocum, its taxonomy, and its comparison with related species. | pythium periplocum drechsler was isolated from some soil samples taken in the botanical garden of tenerife, canary islands. this fungus has been found to be an aggressive mycoparasite of botrytis cinerea. it is unique amongst the members of the genus pythium because of the character combination of inflated filamentous type of sporangia and ornamented oogonia. the taxonomic description of this fungus and its comparison with related species, together with the polymerase chain reaction of the inter ... | 2000 | 10913866 |
| role of carbonyl compounds in so(2) binding phenomena in musts and wines from botrytized grapes. | carbonyl compounds play an important role in musts from botrytized grapes. some of them, such as glyoxal and methylglyoxal, may explain a considerable part of bindable so(2). others, such as 2- and 5-oxogluconic acids, produced by gluconic acid oxidation in proportions respectively from 2.5 per 1 play an interesting role as so(2) binding indicator. finally, the levels of some compounds such as dihydroxyacetone, 5-oxofructose, and delta-gluconolactone in balance with gluconic acid are well correl ... | 2000 | 10956126 |
| identification and characterization of a hexapeptide with activity against phytopathogenic fungi that cause postharvest decay in fruits. | a hexapeptide of amino acid sequence ac-arg-lys-thr-trp-phe-trp-nh2 was demonstrated to have antimicrobial activity against selected phytopathogenic fungi that cause postharvest decay in fruits. the peptide synthesized with either all d- or all l-amino acids inhibited the in vitro growth of strains of penicilium italicum, p. digitatum, and botrytis cinerea, with mics of 60 to 80 microm and 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) of 30 to 40 microm. the inhibitory activity of the peptide was both seq ... | 2000 | 10939255 |
| some biological properties of new quinoline-4-carboxylic acid and quinoline-4-carboxamide derivatives. | the antimicrobial and morphogenetic effects of fourteen newly synthesized 2-substituted derivatives of quinoline-4-carboxylic acid and quinoline-4-carboxamide were studied using g+ and g- bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi. the highest antimicrobial effects were found with substituted quinoline-4-carboxylic acid derivatives. quinoline-4-carboxamides only weakly influenced the growth of the tested microorganisms. some derivatives of quinoline-4-carboxylic acid elicited profound changes in the ... | 2000 | 11347250 |
| biological characterization of fusapyrone and deoxyfusapyrone, two bioactive secondary metabolites of fusarium semitectum. | fusapyrone (1) and deoxyfusapyrone (2), two alpha-pyrones originally isolated from rice cultures of fusarium semitectum, were tested in several biological assays. compounds 1 and 2 showed considerable antifungal activity against several plant pathogenic and/or mycotoxigenic filamentous fungi, although they were inactive toward yeasts isolated from plants and the gram-positive bacterium bacillus megaterium in disk diffusion assays. compound 1 was consistently more active than 2. among the tested ... | 2000 | 10978211 |
| the response of the grape berry moth (lobesia botrana) to a dietary phytopathogenic fungus (botrytis cinerea): the significance of fungus sterols. | a tortricidae (lobesia botrana) has a mutualistic relationship with the fungus (botrytis cinerea). in this study, we investigated the growth, survival, fecundity and amount of sterols and steroids in larvae of this vineyard pest reared on artificial diets containing mycelium (3%) or purified sterols (0.01%) of the phytopathogenic fungus. two principal questions related to the physiological and biochemical basis of this mutualistic relationship were addressed: (1) how the fungus influences growth ... | 2000 | 10980301 |
| biosynthesis of abscisic acid by the non-mevalonate pathway in plants, and by the mevalonate pathway in fungi. | the biosynthetic pathways to abscisic acid (aba) were investigated by feeding [1-(13)c]-d-glucose to cuttings from young tulip tree shoots and to two aba-producing phytopathogenic fungi. 13c-nmr spectra of the aba samples isolated showed that the carbons at 1, 5, 6, 4', 7' and 9' of aba from the tulip tree were labeled with 13c, while the carbons at 2, 4, 6, 1', 3', 5', 7', 8' and 9' of aba from the fungi were labeled with 13c. the former corresponds to c-1 and -5 of isopentenyl pyrophosphate, a ... | 2000 | 10945263 |
| enzymes of botrytis cinerea capable of breaking down hydrogen peroxide. | the amounts of intra- and extracellular guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbic peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, laccase, and catalase present in botrytis cinerea, cultured in three different media: kovac synthetic medium, sabouraud fluid medium, and a medium containing malt extract, were determined. the activity of two enzymes, ascorbic peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase, has not been previously described in b. cinerea. the detected amount of the enzymes showed considerable va ... | 2000 | 10981701 |
| stagonospora avenae secretes multiple enzymes that hydrolyze oat leaf saponins. | the phytopathogenic fungus stagonospora avenae is able to infect oat leaves despite the presence of avenacoside saponins in the leaf tissue. in response to pathogen attack, avenacosides are converted into 26-desglucoavenacosides (26-dgas), which possess antifungal activity. these molecules are comprised of a steroidal backbone linked to a branched sugar chain consisting of one alpha-l-rhamnose and two (avenacoside a) or three (avenacoside b) beta-d-glucose residues. isolates of the fungus that a ... | 2000 | 11043466 |
| affinity purification and characterization of a cutinase from the fungal plant pathogen monilinia fructicola (wint.) honey. | trifluoromethyl ketones (tfk) are potent inhibitors of a variety of serine hydrolases. the tfk inhibitor, 3-(4-mercaptobutylthio)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanone (mbtfp), was found to competitively inhibit cutinase activity (i50 = 9.4 x 10(-3)) from the fungal plant pathogen monilinia fructicola and to serve as an effective affinity ligand for the purification of cutinases from culture filtrates. the tfk inhibitors, 3-n-octylthio-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanone (otfp) and 3-n-pentylthio-1,1,1-trifluoro- ... | 2000 | 11051094 |
| ginkbilobin, a novel antifungal protein from ginkgo biloba seeds with sequence similarity to embryo-abundant protein. | a novel single-chained antifungal protein with a molecular weight of 13 kda displaying an n-terminal sequence with marked similarity to embryo-abundant protein from the white spruce was isolated from the seeds of ginkgo biloba using ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on sp-sepharose, and then gel filtration on superdex 75. the protein, designated ginkbilobin, exerted potent antifungal activity against a variety ... | 2000 | 11118300 |
| cloning and characterization of a glutathione s-transferase homologue from the plant pathogenic fungus botrytis cinereadouble dagger. | abstract a gene was cloned from botrytis cinerea that encodes a protein homologous to glutathione s-transferase (gst). the gene, denominated bcgst1, is present in a single copy and represents the first example of such a gene from a filamentous fungus. the biochemical function of gsts is to conjugate toxic compounds to glutathione, thereby detoxifying the compound. in many other organisms, gst plays a role in chemical stress tolerance. we anticipated that gst functions for b. cinerea as a potenti ... | 2000 | 20572963 |
| optimum timing of insecticide applications against diamondback moth plutella xylostella in cole crops using threshold catches in sex pheromone traps. | field trials were conducted in cabbage (brassica oleracea var capitata), cauliflower (b oleracea var botrytis) and knol khol (b oleracea gongylodes) crops at two different locations in karnataka state (india) to optimize the timing of insecticide applications to control the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, using sex pheromone traps. our results indicate that applications of cartap hydrochloride as insecticide during a 12-24 h period after the pheromone traps had caught on average 8, 12 and ... | 2001 | 11455637 |
| fungitoxic activity of 12 essential oils against four postharvest citrus pathogens: chemical analysis of thymus capitatus oil and its effect in subatmospheric pressure conditions. | the fungitoxic activity against penicillium digitatum, penicillium italicum, botrytis cinerea, and alternaria citri of 12 essential oils (eos) distilled from medicinal plants is reported. the results of the in vitro trials show strong fungitoxic activity of thymus capitatus (l.) hofmgg eos, which inhibited the growth of the four fungi at a concentration of 250 ppm (vol/vol). the other 11 essences reduced the development of the fungi from 95 to 9% at 250 ppm (vol/vol). the fungitoxic activity of ... | 2001 | 11456187 |
| genome characterization of botrytis virus f, a flexuous rod-shaped mycovirus resembling plant 'potex-like' viruses. | this study reports the first sequence of a flexuous rod-shaped mycovirus and also the first molecular characterization of a virus that infects the plant-pathogenic fungus botrytis: cinerea. the mycovirus botrytis: virus f (bvf) contains an ssrna genome of 6827 nucleotides and a poly(a) tract at or very near the 3' terminus. computer analysis of the genomic cdna sequence of bvf revealed two potential open reading frames (orfs) encoding proteins of 212 kda (orf1) and 32 kda (orf2). orf1 showed sig ... | 2001 | 11125160 |
| identification of two different 14-alpha sterol demethylase-related genes (cyp51a and cyp51b) in aspergillus fumigatus and other aspergillus species. | two cyp51-related genes (cyp51a and cyp51b) encoding 14-alpha sterol demethylase-like enzymes were identified in the opportunistic human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. pcr amplification using degenerate oligonucleotides based on conserved areas of cytochrome p450 demethylases of other filamentous fungi and yeasts allowed the cloning and sequencing of two different homologue genes in a. fumigatus. southern analysis confirmed that both genes hybridized to distinct genomic loci and that both are r ... | 2001 | 11427550 |
| in vitro tolerance to botrytis cinerea of grapevine 41b rootstock in transgenic plants expressing the stilbene synthase vst1 gene under the control of a pathogen-inducible pr 10 promoter. | resveratrol is a major phytoalexin in grapevine but its synthesis in response to phytopathogen attack decreases with grape berry ripening. a chimeric gene combining an alfalfa pr 10 promoter and vst1 (vitis stilbene synthase 1) gene was introduced into the genome of 41b rootstock. transgenic plants were analysed for resveratrol production in leaves infected with botrytis using an in vitro test. among the 50 transgenic lines analysed, some exhibited a production lower than the non-transgenic cont ... | 2001 | 11432907 |
| beta-aminobutyric acid-induced protection of arabidopsis against the necrotrophic fungus botrytis cinerea. | the non-protein amino acid beta-aminobutyric acid (baba) protects numerous plants against various pathogens. protection of arabidopsis plants against virulent pathogens involves the potentiation of pathogen-specific defense responses. to extend the analysis of the mode of action of baba to necrotrophs we evaluated the effect of this chemical on arabidopsis plants infected with the gray mold fungus botrytis cinerea. baba-treated arabidopsis were found to be less sensitive to two different strains ... | 2001 | 11402183 |
| primary structure and transcription patterns of rpl36, a ribosomal protein-encoding gene of the mycoparasitic fungus, trichoderma hamatum. | we report the isolation and expression profiles of a single-copy gene from the mycoparasitic fungus trichoderma hamatum encoding a 60 s cytoplasmic ribosomal protein. the gene, named rpl36, was cloned through its nutrient-mediated expression, using mrna differential screening. its predicted orf, interrupted by two introns, encoded a 105-aa polypeptide. the deduced rpl36 protein showed high overall homologies with other l36-type ribosomal proteins isolated from yeast, rat and human. analysis of t ... | 2001 | 11409180 |
| a novel gene mutation that confers abnormal patterns of beta-carotene accumulation in cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis). | the or gene of cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis) causes many tissues of the plant to accumulate carotenoids and turn orange, which is suggestive of a perturbation of the normal regulation of carotenogenesis. a series of experiments to explore the cellular basis of the carotenoid accumulation induced by the or gene was completed. the or gene causes obvious carotenoid accumulation in weakly or unpigmented tissues such as the curd, pith, leaf bases and shoot meristems, and cryptically i ... | 2001 | 11359610 |
| study of the role of antimicrobial glucosinolate-derived isothiocyanates in resistance of arabidopsis to microbial pathogens. | crude aqueous extracts from arabidopsis leaves were subjected to chromatographic separations, after which the different fractions were monitored for antimicrobial activity using the fungus neurospora crassa as a test organism. two major fractions were obtained that appeared to have the same abundance in leaves from untreated plants versus leaves from plants challenge inoculated with the fungus alternaria brassicicola. one of both major antimicrobial fractions was purified to homogeneity and iden ... | 2001 | 11299350 |
| the potential biocontrol agent pseudomonas antimicrobica inhibits germination of conidia and outgrowth of botrytis cinerea. | antifungal metabolites of pseudomonas antimicrobica have previously been shown to inhibit conidial germination of the grey mould pathogen botrytis cinerea. in this study, metabolites of the bacterium have been tested at different stages of botrytis germination to determine their effects on germ tube production and extension. | 2001 | 11328503 |
| the abc transporter bcatrb affects the sensitivity of botrytis cinerea to the phytoalexin resveratrol and the fungicide fenpiclonil. | during pathogenesis, fungal pathogens are exposed to a variety of fungitoxic compounds. this may be particularly relevant to botrytis cinerea, a plant pathogen that has a broad host range and, consequently, is subjected to exposure to many plant defense compounds. in practice, the pathogen is controlled with fungicides belonging to different chemical groups. atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters might provide protection against plant defense compounds and fungicides by atp-driven efflux mechan ... | 2001 | 11310744 |
| selective media for the specific isolation and enumeration of botrytis cinerea conidia. | to develop selective media for the enumeration of botrytis cinerea. | 2001 | 11169044 |
| butyl acetate and yeasts interact in adhesion and germination of botrytis cinerea conidia in vitro and in fungal decay of golden delicious apple. | butyl acetate is a volatile aroma and flavor compound in apple. conidia of three strains of botrytis cinerea, a fungus that causes decay of apple fruit in postharvest storage, had greater adhesion to and greater germination on polycarbonate membrane filters on water inside sealed 500 cc glass jars that were injected with 4 microliters butyl acetate than conidia not so exposed. conidial germination was highly correlated with conidial adhesion. the yeasts sporobolomyces roseus and cryptococcus lau ... | 2001 | 11446303 |
| characterisation of the yeast pichia membranifaciens and its possible use in the biological control of botrytis cinerea, causing the grey mould disease of grapevine. | pichia membranifaciens strain fy-101, isolated from grape skins, was found to be antagonistic to botrytis cinerea, the causal organism of the grey mould disease of the grapevine. when grown together on solid as well as liquid media, the yeast brings about the inhibition of this parasitic fungus, coagulation and leakage of its cytoplasm, and suppression of its ability to produce the characteristic grey mould symptoms on the grapevine plantlets. in vitro experiments confirm that this yeast can be ... | 2001 | 11520619 |
| identifying sources and mechanisms of resistance in crucifers for control of cabbage maggot (diptera: anthomyiidae). | the cabbage maggot, delia radicum (l.) is an important insect pest of eruciferous crops in upstate new york. this species causes considerable damage to seedlings and young plants by feeding on roots and stems, resulting in plant stand loss and yield loss. five crucifer accessions (brassica oleracea variety italica l.,'green comet'; b. oleracea l.,'rapid cycling' [crucifer genetics cooperative 3-1 ]; b. oleracea variety botrytis l., a standard cauliflower cultivar'amazing'; b. carinata l.; and si ... | 2001 | 11561856 |
| osmotic dehydration of apple slices using a sucrose/cacl2 combination to control spoilage caused by botrytis cinerea, colletotrichum acutatum, and penicillium expansum. | the efficacy of sucrose combined with cacl2 during osmotic dehydration (od) was tested for the control of botrytis cinerea, colletotrichum acutatum, and penicillium expansum growth on lightly processed apple slices. the objective of this work was to determine whether the addition of cacl2 in the osmotic solutions would limit the proliferation of fungal decay organisms. slices were submitted to od for 1 h at 25 degrees c in solutions containing 5 to 65% sucrose. calcium chloride was added to a si ... | 2001 | 11563522 |
| a procedure for quantifying adhesion of conidia of botrytis cinerea to the skin of apple fruit. | ultrasonication was evaluated as a nonchemical means to quantitatively remove conidia of botrytis cinerea from the skin of golden delicious apple (malus domestica borkh.) fruit. a probe immersed in a suspension of conidia and generating 20 khz at 150 w for 30- or 60-s pulses destroyed 13.3% or 29% of conidia, respectively. destruction at 150 w for 10 s or at 30-120 w for up to 60 s was <2%. the procedure for quantifying adhesion of conidia to the skin of fruit consisted of pipetting a 50-microl ... | 2001 | 11575508 |
| mode of antagonism of brevibacillus brevis against botrytis cinerea in vitro. | to assess the activity of brevibacillus brevis (formerly bacillus brevis) nagano and the antibiotic it produces, gramicidin s, against the plant pathogen botrytis cinerea. | 2001 | 11576302 |
| synthesis and in vitro antifungal activity of 1-amino-3,4-dialkylnaphthalene-2-carbonitriles and their analogues. | twenty-four 3- and/or 4-alkyl-substituted 1-aminonaphthalene-2-carbonitriles and their analogues were prepared and evaluated for growth-inhibiting activity against four phytopathogenic fungi: fusarium culmorum, alternaria brassicicola, botrytis cinerea and penicillium expansum. the results obtained were compared with the activity of a commercial fungicide. the highest fungistatic activity was revealed by amino nitriles having hydrogen atoms or only one short alkyl group (ch3, c2h5) at the 3- or ... | 2001 | 11464795 |
| hypsin, a novel thermostable ribosome-inactivating protein with antifungal and antiproliferative activities from fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom hypsizigus marmoreus. | a novel ribosome-inactivating protein with a molecular weight of 20 kda was isolated from fruiting bodies of the mushroom hypsizigus marmoreus. the isolation procedure entailed ion exchange chromatography on cm-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel and ion exchange chromatography on mono q. the protein designated hypsin demonstrated an inhibitory action against mycelial growth in various fungal species including mycosphaerella arachidicola, physalospora piricola, fusarium oxysp ... | 2001 | 11467862 |
| a fatty acid desaturase modulates the activation of defense signaling pathways in plants. | salicylic acid (sa) plays an important role in activating various plant defense responses, including expression of the pathogenesis-related (pr) genes and systemic acquired resistance. a critical positive regulator of the sa signaling pathway in arabidopsis is encoded by the npr1 gene. however, there is growing evidence that npr1-independent pathways can also activate pr expression and disease resistance. to elucidate the components associated with npr1-independent defense signaling, we isolated ... | 2001 | 11481500 |
| accumulation of 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone in suspension cultures of panax ginseng by a fungal elicitor preparation and a yeast elicitor preparation. | suspension cultures of panax ginseng c.a. meyer (araliaceae) were treated with either an elicitor preparation from the culture broth of the phytopathogenic hyphomycete botrytis cinerea or a yeast elicitor preparation, and the accumulation of a new compound, which was not detected in non-elicited cultures, was observed. the accumulated compound was isolated and shown to be 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone by 1h-nmr, 13c-nmr and electron ionization (ei) mass spectra. while it is well known that this ... | 2001 | 11499937 |
| purification of allivin, a novel antifungal protein from bulbs of the round-cloved garlic. | a novel antifungal protein, designated allivin, was isolated from bulbs of the round-cloved garlic allium sativum var. round clove with a procedure involving ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on cm-sepharose and fplc-gel filtration on superdex 75. allivin possessed an n-terminal sequence demonstrating very little similarity to sequences of allium sativum chitinases and ribosome inactivating proteins. allivin e ... | 2001 | 12005268 |
| a bowman-birk-type trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor from broad beans. | an isolation procedure comprising affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on sp-toyopearl, and fast protein liquid chromatography on mono s was used to purify a peptide from broad beans which manifested antifungal activity toward mycosphaerella arachidicola, fusarium oxysporum, and botrytis cinerea. the peptide demonstrated a molecular mass of 7.5 kda. n-terminal sequence analysis disclosed the identity of the antifungal peptide to be a trypsin-chymotrypsin inhi ... | 2001 | 11708782 |
| partitioning of monomethylmercury between freshwater algae and water. | phytoplankton-water monomethylmercury (mehg) partition constants (kpi) have been determined in the laboratory for two green algae selenastrum capricornutum and cosmarium botrytis, the blue-green algae schizothrix calcicola, and the diatom thallasiosira spp., algal species that are commonly found in natural surface waters. two methods were used to determine kpi, the freundlich isotherm method and the flow-through/dialysis bag method. both methods yielded kpi values of about 10(6.6) for s. caprico ... | 2001 | 11718342 |
| the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, a new sterol biosynthesis inhibitor fungicide efficient against the plant pathogenic fungus botryotinia fuckeliana (botrytis cinerea). | fenhexamid, a recently developed botryticide, is shown here to inhibit sterol biosynthesis. when the fungus botryotinia fuckeliana was grown in the presence of fenhexamid, the ergosterol content was reduced, and three 3-keto compounds, 4 alpha-methylfecosterone, fecosterone and episterone, accumulated, suggesting an inhibition of the 3-keto reductase involved in c-4 demethylation. thus, fenhexamid belongs to a new, promising class of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors not previously used in agricult ... | 2001 | 11721524 |
| examination of pineal indoles and 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone for antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. | oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (ldl) induced by free radicals is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. the aim of the present study was to examine the ability of various pineal indoles in inhibiting ldl oxidation which is accompanied by an increase in mobility in agarose gel electrophoresis and by an augmented generation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance induced by cu2+. it was found that the order of potencies in inhibiting malondialdehyde formation was 5- ... | 2001 | 11701394 |
| isolation of a novel deoxyribonuclease with antifungal activity from asparagus officinalis seeds. | a deoxyribonuclease distinct from the previously isolated asparagus ribosome-inactivating proteins, possessing a molecular weight of 30 kda and requiring a ph of 7.5 for optimum hydrolytic activity toward herring sperm dna, was isolated from asparagus officinalis seeds. the isolation procedure involved extraction with saline, (nh(4))(2)so(4) precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion-exchange chromatography on cm-sepharose, and ... | 2001 | 11708787 |