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[determination of itaconic acid in culture broth by high performance liquid chromatography].an hplc method for the determination of itaconic acid and other components in the culture broth of aspergillus terreus was developed. the operating conditions were aminex hpx-87h column (300 mm x 7.8 mm) at 30 degrees c, mobile phase of sulfuric acid (4 mmol/l) and refractive index detector at 30 degrees c. the linear relationship of calibration curve was good in the range of 0-50 g/l for itaconic acid (r = 0.9997). the detection limit was 5.7 micrograms, and the relative standard deviation was ...199912552860
subcellular localization of fructosyl amino acid oxidases in peroxisomes of aspergillus terreus and penicillium janthinellum.fructosyl amino acid oxidase (faod) is the enzyme catalyzing the oxidative deglycation of amadori compounds, such as fructosyl amino acids, yielding the corresponding amino acids, glucosone, and h(2)o(2). in a previous report, we determined the primary structures of cdnas coding for faods from two fungal strains aspergillus terreus ap1 and penicillium janthinellum and we found that both fungal faods included the putative peroxisome targeting signal 1 (pts1) at the carboxyl terminal (yoshida, n. ...199916232435
apparent mrna instability in aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus terreus of a heterologous cdna encoding the major capsid antigen of rotavirus.two expression plasmids designed to produce the rotaviral vp6 protein in aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus terreus have been constructed. in one of these plasmids the inducible a. terreus gla1 glucoamylase gene promoter and gla1 signal sequence are fused to the vp6 cdna to enable induction and extracellular secretion of the final protein product; in the other, the strong, constitutive a. nidulans gpda gene promoter has been employed. a. nidulans and a. terreus transformants containing intact ...199918473559
invasive fungal infections in kuwait: a retrospective study.a retrospective review of a five year period (1994-1998) revealed that opportunistic mycoses caused by ubiquitous fungal pathogens are a serious problem in the immunocompromised patient population of kuwait. patients with renal transplantation and diabetes mellitus were most susceptible to aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and zygomycosis, whereas patients with candidemia/hematogenous candidiasis had multiple risk factors. basidiobolomycosis of the rectum in a bangladeshi male, cryptococcosis due t ...200015597675
extracellular abts-oxidizing activity of autochthonous fungal strains from argentina in solid medium.the screening for extracellular oxidases and peroxidases from autochthonous filamentous fungi isolated from different substrates is an important step towards the detection of extracellular fungal oxidative systems. thirty-one autochthonous fungal strains from argentina, belonging to different ecophysiological and taxonomic groups, were plate-screened for their ability to produce extracellular oxidoreductases. modified kirk solid medium containing the chromogen 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazolin ...200015813698
aspergillus terreus infections in haematological malignancies: molecular epidemiology suggests association with in-hospital plants.during a three-year period nine patients with haematological diseases after myeloablative chemotherapy died from invasive fungal infections caused by aspergillus terreus. the hospital inanimate environment was monitored and a. terreus was cultured from potted plants in the vicinity of the patients. the patients (n = 14) and the environmental isolates (n = 2) were fingerprinted by rapd-pcr with four different primers. based on rapd patterns the patients' isolates were differentiated into five dif ...200011023720
effect of ph and stirring rate on itaconate production by aspergillus terreus.the production of itaconic acid from glucose-based media by aspergillus terreus nrrl 1960 was found to be controlled by stirring rate and ph. when the phosphorous (p) level in the production medium was reduced to less than 10 mg l(-1), the fungal mycelium exhausted its primary growth and started to excrete itaconic acid, while it continued its secondary growth at the expense of ammoniacal nitrogen. the fermentation exhibited a mixed-growth-associated product formation kinetics, the non-growth as ...200011051419
sulfate assimilation in aspergillus terreus: analysis of genes encoding atp-sulfurylase and paps-reductase.two genes for the sulfate assimilation pathway in aspergillus terreus were cloned. the genes sat (coding for paps-reductase) and sct (coding for atp-sulfurylase) form a small gene cluster. both genes are similar to their homologs in a. nidulans (sa and sc), penicillium chrysogenum (aps) and saccharomyces cerevisiae (met3 and met16). in the coding sequence of the sct gene, a typical non-functional aps-kinase-like domain is present. the sct gene is expressed in a. nidulans, but its expression ther ...200011057445
mycotic aneurysm of the thoracic aorta due to aspergillus terreus: case report and review.mycotic aneurysms of the aorta caused by fungi are uncommon. we describe an unusual case of aortic aneurysm infection caused by aspergillus terreus, which most likely spread from an adjacent pulmonary focus. successful treatment included partial pneumonectomy, resection of the aneurysm with graft repair, and prolonged sequential administration of amphotericin b and itraconazole. a review of the published experience with aortic aneurysms caused by aspergillus species is also presented. when invas ...200011073743
culture supernatants of patient-derived aspergillus isolates have toxic and lytic activity towards neurons and glial cells.infection of the central nervous system by the ubiquitous fungi aspergillus spp. is a life-threatening disease. therefore we investigated the mechanism of brain damage by fungal infection. to examine whether secretory factors of aspergillus isolates derived from patients can induce death of different brain cells, culture supernatants of aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus terreus and aspergillus niger were added to different astrocytes as well as to the neuroblastoma cell line ...200011118912
fungal discitis due to aspergillus terreus in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.we report a case of aspergillus terreus discitis which developed in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia following induction chemotherapy. a. terreus was isolated from sputum, one month earlier, but the physician did not consider it significant at the time. magnetic resonance imaging study showed the involvement of l3-4, l4-5 and l5-s1 intervertebral discs. etiology was established by means of histology and culturing a surgical specimen of disc materials. our patient survived after a surg ...200011194199
identification of medically important aspergillus species by single strand conformational polymorphism (sscp) of the pcr-amplified intergenic spacer region.the amplified 5.8s rna coding dna with the neighbouring internal transcribed spacers its i and its ii (its i--5.8s rdna--its ii) of 27 culture collection strains of aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus nidulans, aspergillus niger, and aspergillus terreus were investigated by single strand conformational polymorphism (sscp) analysis. all strains showed a polymerase gel electrophoresis (pcr) product of 0.6 kb. separation of dna single strands of the pcr product in an acrylamide-b ...200011204354
aspergillus fumigatus antigen detection in sera from patients at risk for invasive aspergillosis.we have developed an inhibition enzyme immunoassay (inhibition-eia) to monitor for the occurrence of invasive aspergillosis (ia) in sera from 45 immunocompromised (ic) patients. the test uses rabbit polyclonal antibodies and a mixture of components from aspergillus fumigatus, containing three predominant antigens with molecular weights of 18,000, 33,000, and 56,000. circulating antigens were found in five of seven proven cases of ia due to a. fumigatus. in two of the five positive cases, antigen ...200010618137
fungal degradation of fluorene.a selection of 30 strains of micromycetes known as good degraders of polychlorinated aromatic compounds, mostly isolated from soil and belonging to various taxonomic groups, have been investigated to degrade fluorene. toxicity assays, first evaluated on solid media, have shown high growth inhibition at concentrations above 0.001 g l-1 only towards 23% of strains. degradation of fluorene (0.005 g l-1) was then investigated in liquid synthetic medium for 2 days and evaluated by hplc. among the 30 ...200010665449
purification and characterization of an extracellular alkaline serine protease from aspergillus terreus (ijira 6.2).an extracellular alkaline serine protease has been purified from aspergillus terreus (ijira 6.2). the purification procedure involved chromatography on deae-sephadex a25, phosphocellulose, hydroxyapatite, casein-sepharose, gel filtration on sephacryl-s-300 and by glycerol density gradient centrifugation. the enzyme was further purified to apparent homogeneity through a combination of electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel containing 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) with or without protease subst ...200010688692
a rapid technique for screening of lovastatin-producing strains of aspergillus terreus by agar plug and neurospora crassa bioassay.the success of strain improvement programme depends on the number of isolates that can be screened after mutagenic treatment. a technique to rapidly screen large number of high-yielding isolates was developed. the 'agar plug' method that utilizes the anti-fungal property of lovastatin to produce a zone of inhibition against neurospora crassa was not only economical but also less labour-intensive. we were able to isolate a high-yielding strain, the productivity of which increased by 138% as compa ...200010739348
molecular typing of aspergillus terreus isolates by random amplification of polymorphic dna.forty three isolates of aspergillus terreus of environmental or clinical origin were typed by random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) with two different primers ns3 and ns7 from the fungal ribosomal 18s subunit gene. for the 31 epidemiologically unrelated isolates tested, the primers ns3 and ns7 gave rise to 23 and 24 different genotypes, respectively, and combining the results obtained with the two primers allowed the differentiation of all these isolates. no clustering was found in rela ...200010772835
aristolochene synthase: purification, molecular cloning, high-level expression in escherichia coli, and characterization of the aspergillus terreus cyclase.aristolochene synthase catalyzes the cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate (6) to (+)-aristolochene (1). the aspergillus terreus enzyme has been purified 75-fold to homogeneity in six steps. based on the sequence of 3 internal peptides obtained by lys-c digestion of the native protein, a set of degenerate pcr primers was used to amplify a 550-bp segment of cdna corresponding to a portion of the aristolochene synthase transcript. a second round of pcr using specific primers was used to prepare a (3 ...200010775423
butyrolactones from aspergillus terreus.in the process development of lovastatin using aspergillus terreus drcc 152 in solid state fermentation, we have isolated a new butyrolactone-iv (3) along with the previously reported butyrolactone-i (1) and butyrolactone-ii (2) produced under submerged conditions. the structure of compound 3 has been characterized as 3-hydroxy-5-[2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2(r)-2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]furan- 5 ylmethyl]-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methoxycarbonyl-(5r)-2,5-dihydro-2 -furanone on the basis of spectroscopi ...200010783079
bilateral pulmonary aspergilloma caused by an atypical isolate of aspergillus terreus.a case of bilateral pulmonary aspergilloma caused by an atypical isolate of aspergillus terreus is described. the diagnosis was established by the presence of septate, dichotomously branched fungal elements in freshly collected bronchoalveolar lavage and sputum specimens and by repeated isolation of the fungus in culture. specific precipitating antibodies against the a. terreus isolate were demonstrated in the patient's serum. the isolate was atypical as it failed to produce fruiting structures ...200010790144
studies on mevinolin production by some fungi.the potentiality of 25 fungal species, belonging to fourteen genera isolated from egyptian soils, to produce mevinolin, a hypocholesterolaemic agent, when grown on selected substrates was tested. samples of culture filtrates were tested by thin layer chromatography and the positive results were further assessed by high pressure liquid chromatography analysis. it was found that nearly one-third of the fungi showed positive results for production of mevinolin. aspergillus terreus was distinguished ...200010817521
expression, purification, and characterization of blasticidin s deaminase (bsd) from aspergillus terreus: the role of catalytic zinc in enzyme structure.we established an efficient overproduction-purification system for blasticidin s deaminase (bsd) using the cdna cloned from aspergillus terreus. the estimated molecular mass of the purified enzyme indicated bsd was a tetramer. this tetrameric form was very resistant to denaturation by sds and showed heat-modifiable behavior on sds-page; i.e., bsd migrated much slower (as a single band of 36 kda) in its active conformation than its completely denatured polypeptide (13 kda) if heat treatment in 2% ...200010833262
immunorestitution disease involving the innate and adaptive response.immunorestitution disease (ird) is defined as an acute symptomatic or paradoxical deterioration of a (presumably) preexisting infection that is temporally related to the recovery of the immune system. we report the temporal sequence of events that led to ird caused by pneumocystis carinii and aspergillus terreus in 2 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-negative patients soon after the recovery of adaptive and innate immunity, respectively, and we review episodes noted in the english-language lite ...200010880300
amphotericin b resistance of aspergillus terreus in a murine model of disseminated aspergillosis.the in-vivo activity of amphotericin b and itraconazole against a clinical isolate of aspergillus terreus was determined in a murine model of disseminated aspergillosis. mics of amphotericin b and itraconazole for the strain, determined by an nccls-based technique, were 2 microg/ml and 1 microg/ml, respectively. mice infected intravenously were treated with either itraconazole (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) or amphotericin b 4.5 mg/kg/day for 10 days. treatment with both doses of itraconazole significant ...200010882084
optimization of the catalytic properties of aspergillus fumigatus phytase based on the three-dimensional structure.previously, we determined the dna and amino acid sequences as well as biochemical and biophysical properties of a series of fungal phytases. the amino acid sequences displayed 49-68% identity between species, and the catalytic properties differed widely in terms of specific activity, substrate specificity, and ph optima. with the ultimate goal to combine the most favorable properties of all phytases in a single protein, we attempted, in the present investigation, to increase the specific activit ...200010933495
in vitro susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi: comparison of etest and reference microdilution methods for determining itraconazole mics.the performance of the etest for itraconazole susceptibility testing of 50 isolates of filamentous fungi was assessed in comparison with the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) proposed standard microdilution broth method. the nccls method employed rpmi 1640 broth medium, and mics were read after incubation for 48 h at 35 degrees c. etest mics were determined with rpmi agar containing 2% glucose and with casitone agar and were read after incubation for 24 h (aspergillus ...200010970383
spondylodiscitis due to aspergillus terreus during an efficient treatment against invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. 200010990123
kodaistatins, novel inhibitors of glucose-6-phosphate translocase t1 from aspergillus terreus thom dsm 11247. isolation and structural elucidation.two novel compounds, kodaistatin a, c35h34o11, molecular weight 630, and kodaistatin c, c35h34o12, molecular weight 646, have been isolated from cultures of aspergillus terreus thom dsm 11247 by solid-phase extraction, size-exclusion chromatography, and various preparative hplc steps. the use of a range of 2d nmr measurements, in particular 13c-13c correlation measurements, has led to the clarification of the structure of kodaistatin a. kodaistatin c is a hydroxylated derivative of kodaistatin a ...200010994809
aspects of the biosynthesis of non-aromatic fungal polyketides by iterative polyketide synthases.lovastatin biosynthesis in aspergillus terreus involves two unusual type i multifunctional polyketide syntheses (pkss). lovastatin nonaketide synthase (lnks), the product of the lovb gene, is an iterative pks that interacts with lovc, a putative enoyl reductase, to catalyze the 35 separate reactions in the biosynthesis of dihydromonacolin l, a lovastatin precursor. lnks also displays diels-alderase activity in vitro. lovastatin diketide synthase (ldks) made by lovf, in contrast, acts non-iterati ...200011386351
conversion of cyclic nonaketides to lovastatin and compactin by a lovc deficient mutant of aspergillus terreus.investigation of the post-pks biosynthetic steps to the cholesterol-lowering agent lovastatin (1) using an aspergillus terreus strain with a disrupted lovc gene, which is essential for formation of 4a,5-dihydromonacolin l (3), shows that 7 and 3 are precursors to 1, and demonstrates that lovastatin diketide synthase (lovf protein) does not require lovc.200111412974
development of a homologous transformation system for the opportunistic human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus based on the sc gene encoding atp sulfurylase.the development of a homologous transformation system for the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus is described. the system is based on the sc gene encoding atp sulfurylase. several a. fumigatus sc mutant strains were readily isolated by strong selection for selenate resistance. the coding region plus upstream and downstream regulatory sequences of the a. fumigatus sc gene were cloned by inverse pcr and then sequenced. sequencing of the sc cdna revealed the presence of fiv ...200111479709
colorimetric assay for antifungal susceptibility testing of aspergillus species.a colorimetric assay for antifungal susceptibility testing of aspergillus species (aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus terreus, aspergillus nidulans, and aspergillus ustus) is described based on the reduction of the tetrazolium salt 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-[(sulphenylamino)carbonyl]-2h-tetrazolium-hydroxide (xtt) in the presence of menadione as an electron-coupling agent. the combination of 200 microg of xtt/ml with 25 microm menadione resulted in a high production of form ...200111526191
antifungal properties of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors against aspergillus species in vitro.this study investigated the fungicidal activity of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ssris) against clinical isolates of aspergillus fumigatus (n = 11), aspergillus flavus (n = 9), aspergillus terreus (n = 10) and candida parapsilosis (atcc 22019). the common drugs fluoxetine, seroxate, sertraline, paroxetine and reboxetine were applied in a broth microdilution test. in addition, we examined whether a post-antibiotic effect occurs following short exposure to the drugs. the various ssris s ...200111733460
[an epidemiological study for fungus isolation during the twenty-five year periods from 1976 to 2000 in kitasato university hospital].we investigated an epidemiological study for fungus isolation in our hospital from 1976 to 2000. for 25 years, the total sample number of fungus examination were 64,296, and after 1988, the total sample number increased suddenly. as a whole, the positive ratio was constantly about 40%. when our hospital opened, the obstetrical and gynecological samples showed 38.8% for fungus examination, but recently, samples of the respiratory organ has increased. ratio of isolation for yeast, candida albicans ...200111712361
[identification of red kojic from different habitats with clustering analysis by near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectrometry].to provide a new method for identifying red kojic.200111715192
biodegradation of lignocellulosic waste by aspergillus terreus.biodegradation of lignocellulosic waste by aspergillus terreus is reported for the first time. this isolate produced 250 cmcase (carboxymethyl cellulase or endoglucanase) u.ml(-1) and biodegraded hay and straw during 3 days and the biomass production on straw was 5g.l(-1) dry weight from 0.25 cm2 inoculated mycellium. this strain secreted endocellulases and exocellulases in the culture medium, but some of the enzymes produced, remained cell membrane bound. cell bound enzymes were released by var ...200111826908
[effect of enhanced uv-b radiation on chemical composition, fungal colonization and decomposition of spring wheat plant].under uv-b radiation, the cho (soluble carbohydrate) concentration in leaves decreased significantly, while the concentrations of hcel (holocellulose) and protein in leaves and that of hcel in stems increased significantly. hcel concentration in roots did not change significantly. under uv-b radiation, the colonization rates of penicillium ochro-chloron and aspergillus niger on leaves and stems increased significantly during growing phase, those of trichoderma koningii and aureobasidium pullulan ...200111757366
case report. hepatic abscesses due to aspergillus terreus in an immunodeficient child.we report the first case of hepatitis due to aspergillus terreus in a 13-year-old boy with common variable immunodeficiency that occurred while the patient was receiving secondary prophylaxis with fluconazole after an episode of pulmonary candidosis. the infection subsided after the addition of itraconazole to the combination of liposomal amphotericin b and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor that he was receiving.200111766109
sclerosing mediastinitis caused by aspergillus terreus.a case of aspergillus terreus causing sclerosing mediastinitis which presented with symptoms of cardiorespiratory compromise and compressive myelopathy is described. the diagnosis was established by culturing and isolating the fungus in pure culture from the tissue and was also confirmed by demonstration of sepcific precipitating antibodies against aspergillus terreus in patient's serum.200111883130
cyclic voltammetric measurements of growth of aspergillus terreus.a detailed study using the cyclic voltammogram was done on the live cells of aspergillus terreus. the peak current values were obtained for different days of growth and plotted against time. the response of cyclic voltammogram showed the phases of the growth of the fungus. the growth curve obtained matched well with the conventional methodology, which assesses the increase of dry weight of the organisms against time. the electrochemical method is more advantageous because it is easy to assess an ...200111990561
in vitro fungicidal activities of voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin b against opportunistic moniliaceous and dematiaceous fungi.the nccls proposed standard m38-p describes standard parameters for testing the fungistatic antifungal activities (mics) of established agents against filamentous fungi (molds); however, standard conditions are not available for testing their fungicidal activities (minimum fungicidal or lethal concentrations [mfcs]). this study evaluated the in vitro fungistatic and fungicidal activities of voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin b against 260 common and emerging molds (174 aspergillus sp. ...200111230410
fr198248, a new anti-influenza agent isolated from apsergillus terreus no 13830. i. taxomony, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activities.a novel anti-influenza agent, fr198248, was isolated from the cultured broth of a fungal strain no.13830. the strain was identified as aspergillus terreus from morphological characteristics. fr198248, a new type of hydroxyl benzaldehyde compound, showed antiinfluenza virus activity in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells in vitro. the mode of action of fr198248 against influenza virus a could be ascribed to an inhibitory effect on the stage of virus adsorption. furthermore, fr198248 possessed ...200111302485
mycoflora in commercial pet foods.this article reports on the identification of mycoflora of 21 dry pet foods (12 belonging to dogs and 9 to cats) that corresponded to 8 commercial brands made in argentina and imported. the isolation frequency and relative density of the prevalent fungal genera are compared too. ten genera and fungi classified as mycelia sterilia were identified. the predominant genera were aspergillus (62%), rhizopus (48%), and mucor (38%). the most prevalent among aspergillus was aspergillus flavus followed by ...200111348013
new anti-influenza agents, fr198248 and its derivatives. ii. characterization of fr198248, its related compounds and some derivatives.we isolated fr198248 from the cultured broth of aspergillus terreus no. 13830 as a new anti-influenza agents. the structure of fr198248 was elucidated by several spectroscopic experiments as a novel tetrahydroxybenzaldehyde compound. furthermore, we described the characteristics of fr198248, its related compounds and some derivatives.200111372786
lovastatin biosynthesis by aspergillus terreus in a chemically defined medium.lovastatin is a secondary metabolite produced by aspergillus terreus. a chemically defined medium was developed in order to investigate the influence of carbon and nitrogen sources on lovastatin biosynthesis. among several organic and inorganic defined nitrogen sources metabolized by a. terreus, glutamate and histidine gave the highest lovastatin biosynthesis level. for cultures on glucose and glutamate, lovastatin synthesis initiated when glucose consumption levelled off. when a. terreus was gr ...200111375168
identification of aspergillus fumigatus and related species by nested pcr targeting ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer regions.aspergillus fumigatus is the most common species that causes invasive aspergillosis. in order to identify a. fumigatus, partial ribosomal dna (rdna) from two to six strains of five different aspergillus species was sequenced. by comparing sequence data from genbank, we designed specific primer pairs targeting rdna internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of a. fumigatus. a nested pcr method for identification of other a. fumigatus-related species was established by using the primers. to evaluat ...200111376067
studies of in vitro activities of voriconazole and itraconazole against aspergillus hyphae using viability staining.the minimal fungicidal concentrations (mfcs) of voriconazole and itraconazole for five clinical isolates each of aspergillus terreus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, and aspergillus niger were determined by a broth macrodilution method. conidial suspensions as inocula were compared to hyphae as inocula since the invasive form of aspergillosis is manifested by the appearance of hyphal structures. in addition, cell viability staining with the dye fun-1 was performed to assess time-depen ...200111120954
structure-based chimeric enzymes as an alternative to directed enzyme evolution: phytase as a test case.thermostability is a key feature for commercially attractive variants of the fungal enzyme phytase. in an initial set of experiments, we restored ionic interactions and hydrogen bonds on the surface of aspergillus terreus phytase, which are present in the homologous but more thermostable enzyme from a. niger. since these mutations turned out to be neutral, we replaced-in the same region and based on the crystal structure of a. niger phytase-entire secondary structure elements. the replacement of ...200111164958
some nutritional factors influencing mevinolin production by aspergillus terreus strain.aspergillus terreus produces the hypocholesterolemic compound mevinolin. its growth and mevinolin production were affected by the composition of the culture medium. both were at a maximum with glucose (6%) as the sole carbon source and in the presence of a mixture of yeast extract and sodium nitrate as nitrogen source. influence of the concentration of some inorganic salts are also discussed.200111899474
microfloral contamination and hydrolytic enzyme differences between monsooned and non-monsooned coffees.to analyse and compare, for the first time, fungal and bacterial populations and hydrolytic enzyme production in four monsooned and non-monsooned arabica and robusta coffee types.200211940159
biosynthesis and biotechnological production of statins by filamentous fungi and application of these cholesterol-lowering drugs.hypercholesterolemia is considered an important risk factor in coronary artery disease. thus the possibility of controlling de novo synthesis of endogenous cholesterol, which is nearly two-thirds of total body cholesterol, represents an effective way of lowering plasma cholesterol levels. statins, fungal secondary metabolites, selectively inhibit hydroxymethyl glutaryl-coenzyme a (hmg-coa) reductase, the first enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. the mechanism involved in controlling plasma chole ...200211956737
bioconversion of poultry wastes. i--factors influencing the assay and productivity of crude uricase by three uricolytic filamentous fungi.the optimum temperature for biomass yield and uricase production by uricolytic fungi, aspergillus terreus, a. flavus and trichoderma sp. was at 30 degrees c. the time required for maximum production of uricase and biomass yield was 4 days for two aspergillus species and 6 days for trichoderma sp. the optimum ph was at 6.4 for a. terreus and ph 6.6 for a. flavus and trichoderma sp. the maximum fungal biomass yield was achieved in medium supplemented with 4% poultry waste. the best carbon sources ...200212512254
secretion of ligninperoxidase by penicillium citrinum, fusarium oxysporum and aspergillus terreus.secretion of ligninperoxidase [e.c.1.11.1.7] by penicillium citrinum, fusarium oxysporum and aspergillus terreus in liquid culture growth medium has been demonstrated. enzymatic characteristics like km, ph and temperature optima using veratryl alcohol as the organic substrate of ligninperoxidases from above sources have been determined. km values using veratryl alcohol as substrate for enzymes from p. citrinum, f. oxysporum and a. terreus were 69, 64 and 60 microm respectively. km values using h ...200212597550
purification and characterization of an alkaline manganese peroxidase from aspergillus terreus ld-1.we report that aspergillus terreus ld-1 produces an extracellular ligninolytic enzyme, manganese peroxidase (mnp), that reacts under alkaline conditions. this mnp was purified 13.1-fold from the culture supernatant to elicit a single band upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the molecular weight of this mnp was estimated as either 43 kda by sds-page or 44 kda by gel permeation chromatography, suggesting a monomeric structure. the optimum ph and temperature o ...200216233222
purification and characterization of cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase from aspergillus terreus tn484-m1.cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase (cad) was assumed to be a key enzyme in the production of itaconic acid by comparing the activity of cad from aspergillus terreus tn484-m1 with that of cad from the low-itaconate yielding strain aspergillus terreus cm85j. the constitutive cad was purified to homogeneity from a. terreus tn484-m1 by ammonium sulfate fractionation, and column chromatography on deae-toyopearl, butyl-toyopearl, and sephacryl s200hr, and then characterized. a molecular mass of 55 kda fo ...200216233265
application of oxygen vectors to aspergillus terreus cultivation.research was undertaken to examine the effects of adding an oxygen carrier (n-dodecane, n-tetradecane, or n-hexadecane) on lovastatin production by aspergillus terreus in both shaking-flask and 5-l fermentor cultivations. in the shaking-flask cultivation, an addition of 2.5% (w/v) n-dodecane to the medium gave about a 1.4-fold increase (0.51 g/l) in lovastatin production. this improvement was related to morphological changes in the fungal cells, and resulted mainly from the formation of small, u ...200216233333
common environmental allergens causing respiratory allergy in india.respiratory allergy affects all age groups but the children are the worst affected by the respiratory allergy. bioparticles from different biological sources are the main cause of allergy. pollen grains, fungal spores, insect and other materials of biological origin form the most important allergen load in the air. for the efficient diagnosis of the allergy and its effective treatment it is very important to know about the prevalence, seasonal and annual variations of aeroallergens of the area. ...200212003301
mixed submerged fermentation with two filamentous fungi for cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzyme production.the efficient saccharification of lignocellulosic materials requires the cooperative actions of different cellulase enzyme activities: exoglucanase, endoglucanase, beta-glucosidase, and xylanase. previous studies with the fungi strains aureobasidium sp. chte-18, penicillium sp. ch-te-001, and aspergillus terreus ch-te-013, selected mainly because of their different cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities, have demonstrated the capacity of culture filtrates of cross-synergistic action in the sacc ...200212018234
aspergillus cholangitis: a late complication after kasai portoenterostomy.ascending bacterial cholangitis can be a recurring complication in older children and adolescents who have undergone successful surgery for biliary atresia. the authors describe a 19-year-old girl with a history of recurrent late-onset, febrile cholangitis in whom persistent jaundice developed. aspergillus terreus was isolated from her biliary fluid obtained at percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. despite prolonged external biliary drainage and systemic amphotericin b therapy, the fungus w ...200212037766
in vitro studies on the activity of amphotericin b and lipid-based amphotericin b formulations against aspergillus conidia and hyphae.the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of amphotericin b and lipid-based amphotericin b formulations against isolates of aspergillus spp. were tested using a broth microdilution method. twelve isolates of aspergillus fumigatus, eight of aspergillus flavus, six of aspergillus niger and seven of aspergillus terreus were examined. in addition, an assay for hyphae of aspergillus spp. was performed since the invasive form is manifested by the appearance of hyphal structures. mics of hyphae agai ...200212100533
a novel streptomycete lipase: cloning, sequencing and high-level expression of the streptomyces rimosus gds(l)-lipase gene.an extracellular lipase from streptomyces rimosus r6-554w has been recently purified and biochemically characterized. in this report the cloning, sequencing, and high-level expression of its gene is described. the cloned dna contained an orf of 804 bp encoding a 268-amino-acid polypeptide with 34 amino acid residues at the amino terminus of the sequence that were not found in the mature protein. the theoretical molecular mass (24.172 kda) deduced from the amino acid sequence of the mature enzyme ...200212115057
aspterric acid and 6-hydroxymellein, inhibitors of pollen development in arabidopsis thaliana, produced by aspergillus terreus.aspterric acid, 6-hydroxymellein, arabidopsis thaliana, aspergillus terreus aspterric acid (1) and 6-hydroxymellein (2), inhibitors of pollen development in arabidopsis thaliana, have been isolated from the fungus aspergillus terreus. 1 and 2 inhibited the pollen development at concentrations of 38 and 52 microm, respectively. the microscopic examination of pollen development suggested that the inhibition by the treatment with 1 caused at meiosis and the inhibition by the treatment with 2 caused ...200212132685
enhanced production of itaconic acid from corn starch and market refuse fruits by genetically manipulated aspergillus terreus skr10.a potent itaconic acid producing strain, aspergillus terreus skr10, was isolated from horticulture waste. market refuse, apple and banana, were explored as novel substrates for itaconic acid production with yields of 20+/-2.0 and 20.0+/-1.0 g l(-1), respectively. itaconic acid yields of 28.5+/-2.2 and 31.0+/-1.7 g l(-1) were obtained with acid and alpha-amylase hydrolyzed corn starch. the efficiency of itaconic acid production by this wild type strain was improved by ultraviolet, chemical and mi ...200212146646
in vitro interaction of terbinafine with itraconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin b and 5-flucytosine against aspergillus spp.we investigated the in vitro interaction of terbinafine with itraconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin b and 5-flucytosine, against aspergillus spp. we tested three isolates of aspergillus fumigatus (one resistant to itraconazole), and two each of aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger and aspergillus terreus. we employed a broth microdilution-based method derived from an in vivo validated method capable of detecting itraconazole resistance in a. fumigatus. we studied the effect on the mics by calc ...200212161398
molecular cloning and characterization of an ml-236b (compactin) biosynthetic gene cluster in penicillium citrinum.cloning of genes encoding polyketide synthases (pkss) has allowed us to identify a gene cluster for ml-236b biosynthesis in penicillium citrinum. like lovastatin, which is produced by aspergillus terreus, ml-236b (compactin) inhibits the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a (hmg-coa) reductase. genomic sequencing and northern analysis showed that nine predicted genes for ml-236b biosynthesis were located within a 38-kb region and were transcribed when ml-236b was produced. the predicted ...200212172803
antifungal drug resistance to azoles and polyenes.there is an increased awareness of the morbidity and mortality associated with fungal infections caused by resistant fungi in various groups of patients. epidemiological studies have identified risk factors associated with antifungal drug resistance. selection pressure due to the continuous exposure to azoles seems to have an essential role in developing resistance to fluconazole in candida species. haematological malignancies, especially acute leukaemia with severe and prolonged neutropenia, se ...200212206971
thermal inactivation and product inhibition of aspergillus terreus cect 2663 alpha-l-rhamnosidase and their role on hydrolysis of naringin solutions.the kinetics of thermal inactivation of a. terreus alpha-rhamnosidase was studied using the substrate p-nitrophenyl alpha-l-rhamnoside between 50 degrees c and 70 degrees c. up to 60 degrees c the inactivation of the purified enzyme was completely reversible, but samples of crude or partially purified enzyme showed partial reversibility. the presence of the product rhamnose, the substrate naringin, and other additives reduced the reversible inactivation, maintaining in some cases full enzyme act ...200212224626
production of lovastatin examined by an integrated approach based on chemometrics and dosy-nmr.microbial secondary metabolites are one of the sources of therapeutic molecules in the pharmaceutical industry. product quality and high yields of secondary metabolites are the main goals for the commercial success of a fermentation process. our novel approach was based on the decision-tree algorithm to determine the key variables correlated with the process outcome and on dosy-nmr to identify both co-metabolites and impurities, and it improves fermentation systems and speeds up bioprocess devel ...200212355470
detection of cell wall galactomannoprotein afmp1p in culture supernatants of aspergillus fumigatus and in sera of aspergillosis patients.mannoproteins are important and abundant structural components of fungal cell walls. the afmp1 gene encodes a cell wall galactomannoprotein of aspergillus fumigatus. in the present study, we show that afmp1p is secreted into the cell culture supernatant at a level that can be detected by western blotting. a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) developed with antibodies against afmp1p was capable of detecting this protein from the cell culture supernatant of a. fumigatus. the anti- ...200212409437
invasive aspergillosis caused by aspergillus terreus in a non-immunosuppressed patient. 200212421042
identification of a single nuclear localization signal in the c-terminal domain of an aspergillus dna topoisomerase ii.dna topoisomerase ii (topo ii) is a major nuclear protein that plays an important role in dna metabolism. we have isolated the gene for topo ii ( top2) from the filamentous fungus aspergillus terreus. the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that topo ii consists of 1,587 amino acids and has a calculated molecular weight of 180 kda; the protein expressed in escherichia coli has an estimated molecular weight of 185 kda. expression of topo ii polypeptides tagged with yellow fluorescent protein (yf ...200212436251
antifungal activities of posaconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole compared to those of itraconazole and amphotericin b against 239 clinical isolates of aspergillus spp. and other filamentous fungi: report from sentry antimicrobial surveillance program, 2000.posaconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole are new triazole derivatives that possess potent, broad-spectrum antifungal activity. we evaluated the in vitro activity of these investigational triazoles compared with that of itraconazole and amphotericin b against 239 clinical isolates of filamentous fungi from the sentry program, including aspergillus spp. (198 isolates), fusarium spp. (7 isolates), penicillium spp. (19 isolates), rhizopus spp. (4 isolates), mucor spp. (2 isolates), and miscellan ...200211897586
development of a nested polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection and identification of pythium insidiosum.pythium insidiosum is an important cause of cutaneous and gastrointestinal disease in horses and dogs in the southeastern united states. culture-based diagnosis of pythiosis is rarely definitive because production and identification of reproductive structures is difficult. the purpose of this study was to develop a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay for the identification of p insidiosum. genomic dna was extracted from 3 clinical isolates of p insidiosum and i isolate each of pythium gr ...200211899029
the flexible c-terminal region of aspergillus terreus blasticidin s deaminase: identification of its functional roles with deletion enzymes.although the four polypeptides of blasticidin s (bs) deaminase (bsd) are packed rather tightly coordinated to the "structural and catalytic" zinc atom of each subunit, the c-terminal region of the enzyme was suggested to be somewhat molten and flexible [m. kimura, s. sekido, y. isogai, and i. yamaguchi (2000) j. biochem. 127, 955-963]. to understand roles of this flexible region, we constructed five c-terminal deletion variants of bsd (each successively deleted from the c-terminal end up to five ...200211779186
identification and characterization of novel cytochrome p450 genes from the white-rot basidiomycete, coriolus versicolor.using a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) technique, cytochrome p450 genes were cloned from the lignin-degrading basidiomycete, coriolus versicolor. one possible p450 gene was identified, which consisted of 1,672 nucleotides and a poly(a) tail and encoded a deduced protein containing 449 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence revealed the presence of the p450 heme-binding motif, strongly suggesting that this protein belongs to the p450 superfamily, then designated cy ...200211831480
bioconversion of poultry wastes i-factors influencing the assay and productivity of crude uricase by three uricolytic filamentous fungi.the optimum temperature for biomass yield and uricase production by uricolytic fungi, aspergillus terreus. a. flavus and trichoderma sp. was at 30 degrees c. the time required for maximum production of uricase and biomass yield was 4 days for two aspergillus species and 6 days for trichoderma sp. the optimum ph was at 6.4 for a. terreus and ph 6.6 for both a. flavus and trichoderma sp. the maximum fungal biomass yield was achieved in medium supplemented with 4% poultry waste. the best carbon sou ...200211837392
removal of heavy metals by an aspergillus terreus strain immobilized in a polyurethane matrix.the aim was to investigate the biosorption of chromium, nickel and iron from metallurgical effluents, produced by a steel foundry, using a strain of aspergillus terreus immobilized in polyurethane foam.200211849492
production of aspergillus terreus alpha-l-rhamnosidase by solid state fermentation.the study of production of aspergillus terreus cect 2663 alpha-l-rhamnosidase in solid state fermentation using wheat bran, washed sugar cane bagasse and polyurethane foam as substrates or supports for the enzyme production.200211849496
exploitation of a library of alpha-galactosidases for the synthesis of building blocks for glycopolymers.after screening a library of fungal alpha-galactosidases for the synthesis of functionalized alkyl alpha-d-galactopyranosides, four enzymes (isolated from aspergillus terreus ccm55, aspergillus commune ccm 2969, penicillium vinaceum ccm 2384, or penicillium brasilianum 2155) proved to be suitable for these biotransformations. the effect of different concentrations of alcohol on activity and stability of these enzymes was investigated. after optimization of the reaction conditions, three galactos ...200211745178
effect of increasing inoculum sizes of aspergillus hyphae on mics and mfcs of antifungal agents by broth microdilution method.in order to investigate the influence of different hyphal inoculum sizes on minimal inhibition concentrations (mics) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (mfcs) of amphotericin b (amb), voriconazole and itraconazole, five isolates each of aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger and aspergillus terreus were studied using a broth microdilution method. three inoculum sizes were used: 1 x 10(3)-5 x 10(3), 1 x 10(4)-5 x 10(4) and 1 x 10(5)-5 x 10(5) cfu/ml. mics and mfcs were re ...200312636983
activity of micafungin (fk463) against an itraconazole-resistant strain of aspergillus fumigatus and a strain of aspergillus terreus demonstrating in vivo resistance to amphotericin b.we compared the activity of four doses of micafungin (fk463) with that of amphotericin b, liposomal amphotericin b and itraconazole in a murine model of disseminated aspergillosis. temporarily neutropenic mice were infected with a lethal dose of either an itraconazole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus isolate or aspergillus terreus, a species that is less susceptible to amphotericin b. treatment was started 24 h after infection and lasted for 7 days. mice were treated with either amphotericin b (0 ...200312654746
invasive synergistic fungal infection after motor vehicle collision.primary invasive fungal infections occur after direct contact or direct inoculation of the skin with fungal spores. rhizopus species and aspergillus terreus are opportunistic fungal species that rarely cause disease in immunocompetent hosts. in susceptible patients, infection may progress rapidly. aggressive surgical debridement and use of systemic antimycotic agents may successfully control disease and prevent systemic dissemination. we describe the case of a patient with a scalp infection, cau ...200312661747
in vitro susceptibility of aspergillus spp. clinical isolates to albendazole.the in vitro antifungal activity of albendazole, a benzimidazole widely used as an antihelmintic drug in humans, was investigated and assessed for its activity against aspergillus spp. forty-eight isolates, representing the most frequent species found in human pathology [aspergillus fumigatus (n = 27), aspergillus flavus (n = 10), aspergillus terreus (n = 7), aspergillus nidulans (n = 3) and aspergillus niger (n = 1)], and one quality control strain (a. niger atcc 9804 83435) were tested accordi ...200312716778
peritonitis due to aspergillus and zygomycetes in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: report of 2 cases and review of the literature.fungal peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd) has been associated with high mortality and high capd-discontinuation rates. most cases are due to candida spp. while aspergillus spp. and zygomycetes have only rarely been implicated. we report one case each of capd-related peritonitis caused by aspergillus terreus and mucor sp., which have previously been described in the literature once and twice, respectively. the former had a slowly progressive course, did no ...200312742319
prominent induction of cyclin b1 in g2/m renal cancer cells with butyrolactone 1.butyrolactone 1 (bl) is a cyclin dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor derived from aspergillus terreus. none of the present drugs are effective for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. the use of bl is expected to promote a new type therapy of renal cancer.200312757604
acute myelogenous leukemia complicated by acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis due to aspergillus terreus.infections caused by aspergillus terreus are rare but have been associated with a poor outcome in immunocompromised patients due to frequent resistance to conventional antifungal therapy. this report describes a case of a woman who developed acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (anug) due to a. terreus during induction chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia. she initially failed to respond to treatment with amphotericin b but the infection resolved following the introduction of oral itra ...200312769350
diagnosis of invasive septate mold infections. a correlation of microbiological culture and histologic or cytologic examination.we correlated results of microbiologic culture and histopathologic examination for 2,891 consecutive samples from autopsy tissue, surgical or biopsy tissue, and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) or bronchial washing (bw) specimens. for 23 autopsy cases with suspected invasive septate mold infections by histopathologic examination, culture yielded a mold in 12 cases (52%). for 1,683 surgical or biopsy samples, histopathologic evidence of invasive septate mold infection was present in 30 samples, 9 of ...200312817433
terreulactones a, b, c, and d: novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors produced by aspergillus terreus. i. taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological activities.in the course of screening for selective inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase from the microbial metabolites, four new meroterpenoid compounds, terreulactones a, b, c and d were isolated from solid state fermentation of aspergillus terreus fb000501. they showed potent inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase with ic50 values in range of 0.06 to approximately 0.42 microm. in addition, they exhibited more than 500 to approximately 3000 times selectivity for acetylcholinesterase compared wi ...200312817807
terreulactones a, b, c, and d: novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors produced by aspergillus terreus. ii. physico-chemical properties and structure determination.terreulactones a, b, c, and d, new meroterpenoid compounds with potent anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, were determined to be mixed polyketides-terpenoid structures by spectroscopic studies.200312817808
experimental pulmonary aspergillosis due to aspergillus terreus: pathogenesis and treatment of an emerging fungal pathogen resistant to amphotericin b.aspergillus terreus is an uncommon but emerging fungal pathogen, which causes lethal infections that are often refractory to amphotericin b (amb). in comparison to aspergillus fumigatus, a. terreus was resistant to the in vitro fungicidal effects of safely achievable concentrations of amb. these in vitro findings correlated directly with resistance of a. terreus to amb in experimental invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. residual fungal pulmonary burden and galactomannan antigenemia demonstrated pe ...200312854088
faster genetic identification of medically important aspergilli by using gellan gum as gelling agent in mycological media.using gellan gum as a substitute for agar-agar in a mycological medium and sequencing of the its 1 and 2 regions resulted in an accurate identification of aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus nidulans, aspergillus terreus and aspergillus ustus within 24 h of subculture.200312867558
activities of caspofungin, itraconazole, posaconazole, ravuconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin b against 448 recent clinical isolates of filamentous fungi.we examined the in vitro activity of caspofungin, posaconazole, voriconazole, ravuconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin b against 448 recent clinical mold isolates. the endpoint for reading caspofungin was the minimum effective concentration (mec). among the triazoles, posaconazole was most active, inhibiting 95% of isolates at <or=1 microg/ml, followed by ravuconazole (91%), voriconazole (90%), and itraconazole (79%). caspofungin and amphotericin b inhibited 93% and 89% of isolates at <or=1 ...200312904365
comparison of the sensititre yeastone colorimetric antifungal panel and etest with the nccls m38-a method to determine the activity of amphotericin b and itraconazole against clinical isolates of aspergillus spp.the evaluation of the sensititre yeastone and etest methods for determining susceptibility to amphotericin b and itraconazole by comparing the mics obtained by these methods at different times of reading with those of the m38-a broth microdilution method.200312917236
transformations of cyclic nonaketides by aspergillus terreus mutants blocked for lovastatin biosynthesis at the lova and lovc genes.two mutants of aspergillus terreus with either the lovc or lova genes disrupted were examined for their ability to transform nonaketides into lovastatin 1, a cholesterol-lowering drug. the lovc disruptant was able to efficiently convert dihydromonacolin l 5 or monacolin j 9 into 1, and could also transform desmethylmonacolin j 15 into compactin 3. in contrast, the lova mutant has an unexpectedly active beta-oxidation system and gives only small amounts of 1 upon addition of the immediate precurs ...200312929390
modification of rapid susceptibility assay for antifungal susceptibility testing of aspergillus fumigatus.to improve objectivity and speed of current antifungal mold susceptibility testing, the yeast rapid susceptibility assay (rsa) was adapted for aspergillus species. the rsa is based on glucose utilization in the presence of an antifungal drug. aspergillus fumigatus conidia were incubated in 0.2% glucose rpmi 1640 containing 0.03 to 16 micro g of amphotericin b or itraconazole/ml. drug-related inhibition of glucose utilization correlated with suppression of conidial germination. following incubati ...200312958253
integrating transcriptional and metabolite profiles to direct the engineering of lovastatin-producing fungal strains.we describe a method to decipher the complex inter-relationships between metabolite production trends and gene expression events, and show how information gleaned from such studies can be applied to yield improved production strains. genomic fragment microarrays were constructed for the aspergillus terreus genome, and transcriptional profiles were generated from strains engineered to produce varying amounts of the medically significant natural product lovastatin. metabolite detection methods wer ...200312536215
detection and identification of fungi from fungus balls of the maxillary sinus by molecular techniques.the aim of this study was to find a reliable method for the detection and identification of fungi in fungus balls of the maxillary sinus and to evaluate the spectrum of fungi in these samples. one hundred twelve samples were obtained from patients with histologically proven fungal infections; 81 samples were paraffin-embedded tissue sections of the maxillary sinus. in 31 cases, sinus contents without paraffin embedding were sent for investigation. pcr amplification with universal fungal primers ...200312574250
characterisation and application of glycanases secreted by aspergillus terreus ccmi 498 and trichoderma viride ccmi 84 for enzymatic deinking of mixed office wastepaper.two enzymatic extracts obtained from xylan-grown aspergillus terreus ccmi 498 and cellulose-grown trichoderma viride ccmi 84 were characterised for different glycanase activities. both strains produce extracellular endoxylanase and endoglucanase enzymes. the enzymes optimal activity was found in the temperature range of 45-60 degrees c. endoglucanase systems show identical activity profiles towards temperature, regardless of the strain and inducing substrate. conversely, the endoxylanases produc ...200312443852
aspergillus terreus in a cystic fibrosis clinic: environmental distribution and patient colonization pattern. 200312495692
in vitro activities of three licensed antifungal agents against spanish clinical isolates of aspergillus spp.the aim of the present study was to identify retrospectively trends in the species distributions and the susceptibility patterns of aspergillus species causing fungal infections in spanish medical centers from 2000 to 2002. the susceptibilities of 338 isolates to amphotericin b, itraconazole, and voriconazole were tested. aspergillus fumigatus was the most common species (54.7%), followed by aspergillus terreus (14.8%) and aspergillus flavus (13.9%). non-a. fumigatus species were encountered in ...200314506013
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