Publications

the surgical management of empyema thoracis.	empyema thoracis remains a common thoracic problem with challenging management strategies. we analysed retrospectively 107 consecutive patients treated for empyema thoracic over a 5-year period. the majority of patients (75%) were male with a mean age of 51 years. common presenting symptoms were cough, dyspnoea, chest pain and pyrexia. the mean duration of pre-admission symptoms was 7.5 weeks. the causes of empyema were pneumonia, malignancy, iatrogenic injury and trauma. the most frequently iso ...	1997	9046136
[a case of liver abscess caused by streptococcus milleri].		1997	9136587
"streptococcus milleri" strains exhibit not gliding motility but sliding.		1997	9172656
incidence, etiologic pathogens, and diagnostic testing of community-acquired pneumonia.	determination of the etiologic pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia has been problematic because of the lack of reliable rapid laboratory diagnostic tools as well as the controversy concerning diagnostic criteria. in the studies reviewed here, a specific pathogen was identified in 39% to 88% of patients. streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia. depending on the demographics of the study, between 2% to 43% of cases have been attributed to legion ...	1997	9193852
lancefield grouping and smell of caramel for presumptive identification and assessment of pathogenicity in the streptococcus milleri group.	to evaluate lancefield grouping and caramel smell for presumptive identification of the streptococcus milleri group, and to find whether lancefield group, species, or protein profile correlated with virulence or infection site.	1997	9215152
the in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, against gram-positive bacteria.	the in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin, a new quinolone, was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, various beta-lactam antibiotics and, where appropriate, clindamycin and vancomycin against a range of gram-positive bacteria including staphylococci (n = 201), streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 83), beta-haemolytic streptococci (n = 46), viridans group streptococci (n = 100), streptococcus milleri (n = 18) and enterococci (n = 161) by an agar dilution technique. in addition, time-kill stud ...	1997	9222071
primary purulent mediastinitis due to streptococcus milleri.	streptococcus milleri mediastinitis had resolved in a 44-year-old male after 3 weeks of combined parenteral antibiotic therapy including clindamycin, which showed the greatest in vitro activity against s. milleri isolated from this patient, and surgical drainage. this case demonstrates that primary purulent mediastinitis may be caused by a strain of s. milleri with or without other bacterial species, and suggests that s. milleri should be added to the list of causative organisms of purulent medi ...	1997	9257371
efficacy of azithromycin or clarithromycin for prophylaxis of viridans group streptococcus experimental endocarditis.	the efficacy of azithromycin or clarithromycin was compared to that of amoxicillin, clindamycin, or erythromycin for the prevention of viridans group streptococcus experimental endocarditis. rabbits with catheter-induced aortic valve vegetations were given no antibiotics or two doses of amoxicillin at 25 mg/kg of body weight, azithromycin at 10 mg/kg, clarithromycin at 10 mg/kg, clindamycin at 40 mg/kg followed by clindamycin at 20 mg/kg, or erythromycin at 10 mg/kg. antibiotics were administere ...	1997	9257739
[bacteremias due to the streptococcus milleri group. an analysis of 18 episodes].	to study the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of bacteremia caused by streptococcus milleri group streptococci (smg).	1997	9304128
infective endocarditis-inducing abilities of "streptococcus milleri" group.		1997	9331623
isolation and characterization of "streptococcus milleri" group strains from oral and maxillofacial infections.		1997	9331624
serotypes of "streptococcus milleri" group.		1997	9331625
[necrotizing fasciitis of the neck: diagnosis by computer tomography].	necrotizing fasciitis is a rare but serious infection of subcutaneous tissue and deep fascia with resulting skin gangrene and septicaemia. compute tomography (ct) seems to play a role in completing the clinical suspicion, especially in those case in which the disease does not manifest itself with subcutaneous crepitus or emphysema. condition's causation reminded unknown and the microbial culture showed members of streptococcus milleri genus.	1997	9382197
acute pansinusitis with bacteremia due to a beta-hemolytic group c streptococcus: streptococcus milleri.	a 41-year-old truck driver had acute onset of weakness, severe headache and pain over the left side of the face, forehead, and orbital area. he was found to have acute pansinusitis. blood cultures and culture of the sinus drainage yielded beta-hemolytic group c streptococcus: streptococcus milleri. he recovered completely after treatment with cefazolin, surgical drainage and debridement, and outpatient cephalexin therapy. beta-hemolytic streptococci are uncommon causes, and bacteremia is rare in ...	1997	9404916
[pyogenic liver abscess in children].	2 children with pyogenic liver abscesses were hospitalized during the past 2 years. a 6-year-old boy had high fever and hepatomegaly, and a large liver abscess was found in the right hepatic lobe. streptococcus milleri was isolated from the pus. treatment with a combination of prolonged drainage of the abscess and antibiotic therapy was successful. a 4-month-old girl who had prolonged fever was found to have osteomyelitis of 3 thoracic vertebrae and 2 liver abscesses in the right lobe. she was t ...	1997	9451870
[sinus manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].	we decided to review the different disorders which may affect the paranasal sinuses in the course of the acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome, and the most suitable treatment for them.	1997	9462995
extracts of prevotella intermedia and actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans inhibit alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblastic cells in vitro.	in order to study the effects of sonicated extracts from prevotella intermedia, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, porphyromonas gingivalis, and other oral-related bacteria, as well as escherichia coli on bone formation, clone mc3t3-e1 cells, which have retained osteoblastic activity, were cultured with various bacterial extracts. the addition of the sonicated extracts from prevotella intermedia and actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans decreased the alkaline phosphatase activity in a dose-dep ...	1997	9467351
the use of a 16s rdna directed pcr for the detection of endodontopathogenic bacteria.	the study evaluates a 16s rdna directed polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect and differentiate bacteria in necrotic root canal samples. the examination focused on species that are fastidious concerning culture or are difficult to differentiate after culturing by biochemical methods. in the described pcr assay, a universal 16s rdna directed forward primer in combination with a highly specific reversed one was used to amplify taxon specific gene fragments of 230 to 950 bp length. a similar pc ...	1997	9587296
laboratory identification of streptococcus milleri.		1998	9602698
[evaluation of fluo-card milleri to identify the isolates of streptococcus milleri group: comparative identication with referral fluorogenic phenotypic dierentiation]	clinical isolates which belong to the "streptococcus milleri" group were identied by the referral uorogenic phenotypic tests described by whiley et al. [j. clin. microbiol., 28: 1497-1501 (1990)] and a rapid, commercially available test kits; fluo-card milleri (key scientific products, round rock, tex., u.s.a.) to the species level. of 218 clinical isolates included, 196 (89.9%) were correctly identied by the fluo-card milleri when compared with the reference identications. ten isolates (4.6%) o ...	1998	10036385
[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by streptococcus milleri in a cirrhotic patient with selective intestinal decontamination].		1998	9503750
[status febrilis and jaundice].	a 49 year old patient was admitted with fever and jaundice. laboratory evaluation showed leukocytosis, elevated values for c-reactive protein, transaminases, bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. ultrasound and subsequent ct-scan revealed multiple liver lesions and a liquid mass in the bursa omentalis. a ct-guided catheter-drainage was performed and streptococcus milleri isolated from the abscess and one blood culture. after empiric broad spectrum treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam (tazobac) a ...	1998	9531816
antibiotic choice in acute and complicated sinusitis.	the microbiology of 87 patients admitted to hospital, over a five-year period, with acute sinusitis was retrospectively analysed. sixty-three patients had one or more of an orbital, intracranial, soft tissue or bony complication. eighty-four patients had maxillary sinus washouts, while 48 required a surgical procedure to their sinuses, and 33, drainage of an empyema. streptococcus milleri and haemophilus influenzae were the commonest organisms isolated from sinus aspirates (44 per cent), with a ...	1998	9624376
actinobacillus and streptococcus: producers of isoschizomers of the restriction endonucleases r.hphi, r.saui, r.nhei, r.mboi and r.swai.	new restriction endonucleases have been found in microorganisms isolated from the microflora of human teeth. the strain-producers are actinobacillus suis and streptococcus milleri. the new enzymes are isoschizomers of the prototypes as follows: asuhpi - hphi; asusai - saui; asunhi - nhei; asumbi and smimbi - mboi; smii - rare-cutter swai.	1998	9628357
[experimental studies of polymorphonuclear leukocyte on mandibular bone infection model in rabbit].	polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) play important roles in the prevention of infection at an early stage. we studied the function of these leukocytes using rabbit models of mandibular bone infection to evaluate the conditions which could not be reproduced in human beings streptococcus milleri nctc7331 and bacteroides fragillis nctc9343 were inoculated into the mandibular bone of rabbits using the satoh-heimdahl method, to produce supposed multiple infection models. rabbits inoculated with these ...	1998	9642943
persistent infection of the chin with an unusual skin pathogen (streptococcus milleri): a sign of intraoral carcinoma.	streptococcus milleri is a commensal of the oropharynx and gastrointestinal tract which is not generally associated with skin disease. we now report a patient who presented with a pustular mass of the chin with lower lip anaesthesia. he was initially thought to have sycosis barbae, but response to treatment was poor and lesional swabs repeatedly cultured s. milleri. after some delay, squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth, involving the mandible and overlying skin, was detected. we consider that t ...	1998	9667108
clinical significance of bacteremia involving the "streptococcus milleri" group: 51 cases and review.	fifty-one cases of bacteremia due to the "streptococcus milleri" group were analyzed. among these were 40 patients with underlying diseases, and associated local infections were present in 27 patients. the most frequent sites of infection were the thoracic cavity and the digestive and hepatobiliary tracts. a probable portal of entry related to mucosal-barrier trauma was identified for an additional 16 patients. the origin of bacteremia was unknown for the remaining eight patients. abscess format ...	1998	9709892
thoracic infection caused by streptococcus milleri.	the objective of this study was to increase our understanding of the importance of members of the streptococcus milleri (sm) group as respiratory pathogens, by studying the epidemiological and clinical features of thoracic infections caused by this group and comparing the epidemiology and prognosis of empyema caused by sm with cases of pneumococcal aetiology. the clinical histories and microbiology reports were reviewed in 27 cases of thoracic infection caused by sm over a period of 8 yrs. cases ...	1998	9727785
[unusual cause of necrotized subacute pneumopathy].	we report a case of streptococcus milleri (s. intermedius) pulmonary infection in a 66-year-old woman. the patient was a heavy smoker and had diabetes. the diagnosis was proven by transparietal pulmonary aspiration.	1998	9770004
prospective study of streptococcus milleri hepatic abscess.	thirty-seven cases of microbiologically demonstrated pyogenic hepatic abscess were observed in a prospective study over a seven-year period. biliary disease was the most common source of liver abscess (42%). streptococcus milleri was the most common cause of hepatic abscess, accounting for 51% of the cases. hepatic abscess is due to streptococcus milleri clinically distinct from other forms of pyogenic liver abscess due to its torpid nature and the longer duration of its symptoms [42 vs. 11 days ...	1998	9796653
[bacteriologic surveillance of nosocomial septicemia and bacteremia in a pediatric hospital].	nosocomial bloodstream infections in pediatrics are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. to identify pathogens causing nosocomial bloodstream infections, evaluate associated risk factors and take preventive measures, we conducted a prospective study from january 1995 to december 1995 at saint-vincent-de-paul hospital (paris).	1998	9853059
a review of bacteriological culture of removed intrauterine contraceptive devices.	a retrospective review of clinical and microbiological data was made, over an 18 month period, of intrauterine contraceptive devices removed and sent for examination. an association with symptoms at time of removal was found for streptococcus agalactiae, streptococcus milleri, enterobacteria and obligate anaerobes. thirty four per cent of iuds yielded one or more actinomycesspecies spp but no correlation with symptoms was found. in the small group of symptomatic patients who were followed up, no ...	1998	9855713
benign superior vena cava syndrome due to suppurative mediastinal lymphadenitis: anterior mediastinoscopic management.	the benign superior vena cava syndrome is an uncommon medical emergency. we describe a case of the superior vena cava syndrome caused by suppurative mediastinal lymphadenitis. the organisms isolated from various cultures were group c beta-hemolytic streptococcus, fusobacterium species, corynebacterium species, eikenella corrodens, and streptococcus milleri. these anaerobic bacteria are part of the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract and the oral cavity. anterior mediastinoscopy through t ...	1998	9868418
etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients: a 3-year prospective study in japan.	to compare the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in japan and western countries, the causative pathogens were prospectively investigated in patients requiring hospitalization.	1998	9872193
[subdural empyema as a complication of sinusitis. association with streptococcus milleri].	intracranial complications of sinusitis now are unusual and subdural empyema is even more infrequent. furthermore, subdural empyema usually is related to sinus infections, particularly those caused by streptococcus milleri, an anaerobic organism. although clinical suspicion is fundamental, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are essential for discovering these complications. these studies enable early diagnosis and prompt treatment, thus reducing the high mortality of this disease ...	1998	9951090
beta-hemolytic streptococcus milleri group misidentified as streptococcus pyogenes on throat culture.		1999	9951990
nonclostridial gas gangrene due to streptococcus anginosus in a diabetic patient.	streptococcus anginosus was recently identified as a distinct species from the other members of streptococcus milleri group (streptococcus constellatus, streptococcus intermedius). we report a rare case of nonclostridial gas gangrene caused by s. anginosus. a 62-year-old diabetic woman was admitted with gas gangrene of the perineal area. she had been taking her oral hypoglycemia medication regularly for 10 years, but the diabetes was inadequately controlled. she was treated with surgical debride ...	1999	10025866
brain abscess caused by streptococcus intermedius: two case reports.	although streptococcus intermedius has been recognized as an important pathogen for abscess formation outside the central nervous system, the streptococcus milleri group, of which it is a member, has not been recognized as a specific pathogen for brain abscess, often thought to be caused by streptococcus viridans, which includes other streptococcal species.	1999	10029431
[pleural empyema in mechanically ventilated patients with pneumonia].	two males aged 41 and 32 years developed pneumonia which responded inadequately to antibiotic treatment and necessitated mechanical ventilation. it was only after surgical and digital opening, drainage of pus pockets and daily pleural lavage that the clinical picture improved. the microorganisms cultured from both patients included streptococcus milleri, probably acquired by aspiration. thoracic empyema as a complication of pneumonia is clinically recognised by lack of response to antimicrobial ...	1999	10086154
[acute empyema caused by streptococcus milleri in early pregnancy].	a 40-year-old woman was admitted to our department complaining of left lateral chest pain and fever. she smoked 10 cigarettes per day. chest radiographs revealed increased density in the upper left lung field and air-fluid level in the lower left lung field. a diagnosis of acute empyema was made, because pus was aspirated by thoracentesis. streptococcus intermedius (streptococcus milleri group) was isolated from samples of pleural effusion. the patient was successfully treated with a combination ...	1999	10087875
a study of susceptibility of 100 clinical isolates belonging to the streptococcus milleri group to 16 cephalosporins.	the streptococcus milleri group are uniformly susceptible to penicillin g, but their susceptibilities to different cephalosporins vary considerably. the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 100 clinically significant strains of the s. milleri group to 16 cephalosporins were determined by the agar dilution method. the majority of first-generation cephalosporins were highly active. cefamandole, cefuroxime and cefprozil were the most active second-generation agents examined. third-generation parentera ...	1999	10223596
acute bronchopulmonary infection due to streptococcus milleri in a child with cystic fibrosis.	an 8 year old girl with cystic fibrosis had severe respiratory disease associated with chronic pseudomonas aeruginosa bronchopulmonary infection. despite regular courses of intravenous antipseudomonal antibiotics, she continued to deteriorate over 18 months with persistent productive cough, worsening respiratory function, and increasing oxygen dependence. during her 11th admission streptococcus milleri was isolated from sputum cultures in addition to p aeruginosa. she failed to respond to antips ...	1999	10325713
abscess forming ability of streptococcus milleri group: synergistic effect with fusobacterium nucleatum.	the abscess forming abilities of "streptococcus milleri" strains (streptococcus constellatus, streptococcus anginiosus, and streptococcus intermedius) isolated from dentoalveolar abscesses and the synergistic effect of fusobacterium nucleatum co-inoculated with the isolates were examined on a mouse subcutaneous abscess model. five days after inoculation, all s. milleri strains formed abscesses, which showed less pathological spread to surrounding connective tissues than those formed by staphyloc ...	1999	10338189
community acquired parapneumonic thoracic empyema: predictors of outcome.	the objective of this study was to determine those factors which are predictive of outcome in cases of thoracic empyema that are solely community acquired. all patients admitted with a diagnosis of thoracic empyema in the auckland region between 1993 and 1995 were reviewed retrospectively. both clinical and radiological outcomes were determined at 3-6 month follow up. radiological outcomes were scored on admission, discharge and follow up by blinded chest radiograph review based on lung field op ...	1999	10382237
streptococcus milleri infection mimicking ovarian carcinoma.		1999	10428535
streptococcus milleri infection and pericardial abscess associated with esophageal carcinoma: report of two cases.	we report 2 cases of esophageal carcinoma with esophago-mediastinal fistula that developed pericardial abscess due to streptococcus intermedius infection. streptococcus intermedius, a generally harmless commensals in healthy humans, is not usually associated with infections of the oral cavity but may account for non-oral purulent infections. this report, however, highlights that streptococcus intermedius infection can be life-threatening for some patients such as those with esophageal carcinoma ...	1999	10430344
five-year analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility of the streptococcus milleri group.	susceptibility to 17 antibiotics was studied in 180 strains of the streptococcus milleri group (88 streptococcus anginosus, 63 streptococcus constellatus, and 29 streptococcus intermedius) isolated over a 5-year period. minimum inhibitory concentrations of penicillin were in the intermediate range for 5.6% of the strains. resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was found in 17.1% and 16.6% of the isolates, respectively. a steady increase in the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was observed ove ...	1999	10442424
streptococcal meningitis in adult patients: current epidemiology and clinical spectrum.	streptococci other than streptococcus pneumoniae are a rare cause of bacterial meningitis in adults. we report 29 cases of streptococcal meningitis (1977-1997). the patients comprised 19 men and 10 women, with a mean age +/- standard deviation of 47 +/- 18 years. nine cases were secondary to neurosurgical procedures, seven to brain abscess, five to cerebrospinal fluid pericranial fistula, and three to endocarditis. causative microorganisms included the following: viridans group streptococci, 20 ...	1999	10452643
genotypic and phenotypic characterization of "streptococcus milleri" group isolates from a veterans administration hospital population.	because identification of the species within the "streptococcus milleri" group is difficult for the clinical laboratory as the species share overlapping phenotypic characteristics, we wished to confirm biochemical identification with identification by 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. ninety-four clinical isolates previously identified as the "streptococcus milleri" group were reclassified as s. anginosus, s. constellatus, or s. intermedius with the api 20 strep system (biomerieux vikek, hazelton ...	1999	10523574
[cervical spine infection with streptococcus anginosus. case report].	a case of cervical spine infection due to streptococcus anginosus is reported. streptococcus milleri is encountered in the mouth, gastro-intestinal tract, vagina and nasopharynx. it is an uncommon pathogen responsible of suppurative infections such as brain liver or spleen abscesses, intra-abdominal or soft tissue abscesses and pleural empyema. in rare cases it can cause spondylodiscitis and osteomyelitis. based on the review of eight cases of spondylodiscitis or osteomyelitis, diagnosis and tre ...	1999	10717594
comparison of three methods for identification of streptococcus milleri group isolates to species level.	a collection of 180 clinical isolates of streptococcus milleri group were identified to species level using two phenotypic methods (a commercial system and the reference method based on differential phenotypic reactions) and a genotypic method (hybridisation of the 16s rrna gene with species-specific probes) in order to evaluate the performance of the respective methods. a high level of agreement (80%) was observed between the results of the reference method and the genotypic method. the highest ...	2000	10746501
macrorestriction fingerprinting of "streptococcus milleri" group bacteria by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.	although isolates of the "streptococcus milleri" group (smg) of bacteria are regarded as members of the commensal microflora of the body, they are frequently encountered in purulent infections from a range of body sites. the genetic diversity of 91 epidemiologically unrelated smg isolates (including 37 commensal strains and 49 disease-associated strains) was analyzed by macrorestriction fingerprinting (mf). the genomes were digested with smai and apai independently, and fragments were resolved b ...	2000	10834967
investigation of infectious organisms causing pericoronitis of the mandibular third molar.	the purpose of the study was to identify the most frequently encountered pyogenic organisms involved in pericoronitis to permit more targeted antibiotic therapy.	2000	10847281
pyogenic liver abscesses of bacterial origin. a study of 45 cases.	to determine the clinical, microbiological, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of pyogenic liver abscesses of bacterial origin.	2000	10867412
[a case report: suppurative pericardial effusion].	we present the case of a 67 year old woman who was resuscitated due to cardiac tamponade. examination of the pus fluid showed a bacterial infection with streptococcus milleri. four days before resuscitation the patient experienced weakness, dyspnoea, increased temperature (39 degrees c), swelling of the neck, and pain on swallowing. using computed tomography, examination revealed an infection extending from the right tonsil to the mediastinum and into the pericardium. after surgery to remove the ...	2000	10900677
streptococcus milleri, a rare cause of pericarditis; successful treatment by pericardiocentesis combined with parenteral antibiotics.	we report the case of a 71-year-old woman suffering from purulent pericarditis, but displaying only minor symptoms. no predisposing factors were found. in addition, the infection was caused by streptococcus milleri, a rare causative agent for this affection. we review the literature and discuss the different types of treatment of purulent pericarditis.	2000	11036681
bacteriology of histopathologically defined appendicitis in children.	acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency in childhood. however, the pathogenesis and detailed microbiology are obscure.	2000	11099090
the importance of recognising streptococcus milleri as a cause of orbital cellulitis.		2000	11116727
empyema of lung associated with streptococcus milleri infection.	empyema of the lung is a very serious illness which must be detected quickly and treated aggressively. we report an unusual case of empyema of the lung associated with a boating accident while the patient was fishing in a sea loch off the west coast of scotland.	2000	11130302
[bezold's abscess with wide extension to the lateral skull base].	the case of a 72-year-old woman suffering from chronic otitis media is presented. this insulin dependent diabetic patient was under steroid therapy for collagenosis and suffered from chronic polysinusitis. after two preceding drainages of the mastoid (antrotomy and mastoidectomy), the patient developed putrid mastoiditis followed by bezold's abscess, an epidural abscess and thrombosis of the sigmoid sinus. lateral petrosectomy and drainage of the neck were performed, but the patient again develo ...	2000	11141932
purification and partial characterization of a murein hydrolase, millericin b, produced by streptococcus milleri nmscc 061.	streptococcus milleri nmscc 061 was screened for antimicrobial substances and shown to produce a bacteriolytic cell wall hydrolase, termed millericin b. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity by a four-step purification procedure that consisted of ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by gel filtration, ultrafiltration, and ion-exchange chromatography. the yield following ion-exchange chromatography was 6.4%, with a greater-than-2,000-fold increase in specific activity. the molecular weight of ...	2000	10618198
haemolytic activity of the streptococcus milleri group' and relationship between haemolysis restricted to human red blood cells and pathogenicity in s. intermedius.	a collection of 297 clinically documented 'streptococcus milleri' strains, identified to the genotype level by 16s rrna gene hydridisation, was screened for haemolysis of human and animal red blood cells. forty-nine strains (65%) of the s. intermedius genotype displayed haemolysis restricted to human blood; they were named 'exclusive human haemolytic' (ehh) s. intermedius strains. the 26 remaining s. intermedius strains were named s. intermedius non-ehh strains. quantitative studies on the haemo ...	2000	10628826
streptococcus milleri liver abscesses: an unusual complication after colonoscopic removal of an impacted fish bone.		2000	10699792
association between streptococcus milleri and abscess formation after appendicitis.	abscesses after appendicitis occur in some patients despite timely surgery and antibiotics. the streptococcus milleri group of bacteria are commonly associated with gastrointestinal abscesses. this study investigated the relationship between s. milleri and abscess formation after appendicectomy a total of 301 patients (172 males, 129 females, median age 22 years) with appendicitis were identified retrospectively from the hospital pas computer system who had an appendicectomy and peritoneal bacte ...	2000	10700762
[new rare cutting restriction endonuclease smii from streptococcus milleri recognises 5'-atttaaat-3'].	new restriction endonuclease (restrictase) smil of type ii was detected in the bacterial strain streptococcus milleri. cellular lysate enzyme cut t7 and adenovirus-2 dnas at site 5'-attt decreases aaat-3' but not lambda dna which does not contain this sequence. intense aeration inhibited the growth of s. milleri. the content of restrictase in the cells was the greatest during the logarithmic growth phase. a total of 20,000 units of smil were isolated from 4 g of cells by cellular extract fractio ...	2000	10702987
[etiology of community-acquired pneumonia among adult patients in japan].	to clarify the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in japan, the causative pathogens were prospectively investigated in adult patients admitted to kurashiki central hospital. the microbiological diagnosis was based on the results of quantitative sputum culture, blood culture, and other invasive procedures, including transthoracic needle aspiration or bronchoscopic examination. five hundred fifty-two episodes of cap in 540 patients were admitted between july 1994 and june 1999. causati ...	2000	12572085
streptococcus milleri infection.	we report three cases of flexor sheath infection due to streptococcus milleri in two patients. soft tissue damage was extensive despite surgical debridement and appropriate antibiotic therapy. one patient had two digits amputated and the other had the affected digit amputated at the level of the proximal interphalangeal joint. these cases illustrate the potential pathogenicity of a bacterium which is often regarded as a commensal.	2001	11162018
utilization and acid production of beta-galactosyllactose by oral streptococci and human dental plaque.	beta-galactosyllactose is a trisaccharide containing the beta-galactosidic linkage at the nonreducing end. the purpose of this study was to determine whether certain oral streptococci could utilize four kinds of beta-galactosyllactoses. three of four beta-galactosyllactoses were unable to support growth of the oral streptococci and to be a substrate for producing acid from the cell suspensions and dental plaque. 4'-beta-galactosyllactose supported growth of streptococcus sanguis atcc 35105, atcc ...	2001	11169141
streptococcus milleri as a cause of pulmonary abscess.		2001	11236060
false-positive rapid antigen detection test results: reduced specificity in the absence of group a streptococci in the upper respiratory tract.	rapid antigen detection tests (adts) are promoted for identification of group a streptococci (gas) in the upper respiratory tract. although debate persists about their sensitivity, most investigators consider adts to be highly specific. nevertheless, reports continue to describe false-positive adt results (positive adt result, negative culture result). this study examined culture results from 522 adult patients with acute pharyngitis and a positive adt result; unexpectedly, 15% had throat cultur ...	2001	11237843
[clinical and bacteriological significance of the streptococcus milleri group in deep neck abscesses].	streptococcus constellatus, s. intermedius, and s. anginosus, the three species of the s. milleri group, form part of the normal flora most commonly found in the mouth, throat, gastrointenstinal tract, and genital tract. the s. milleri group has become known as an important pathogen in abscess disease, but little attention has been paid to their role in deep neck abscesses. we have treated 9 patients with deep neck abscesses relating to the s. milleri group since 1991, and regarded this group as ...	2001	11257779
antibiotic susceptibilities of genetically characterized streptococcus milleri group strains.	previous studies of the antibiotic susceptibility of streptococcus milleri group organisms have distinguished among species by using phenotypic techniques. using 44 isolates that were speciated by 16s rrna gene sequencing, we studied the mics and minimum bactericidal concentrations of penicillin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and clindamycin for streptococcus intermedius, streptococcus constellatus, and streptococcus anginosus. none of the organisms was resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, although ...	2001	11302819
streptococcus intermedius, streptococcus constellatus, and streptococcus anginosus ("streptococcus milleri group") are of different clinical importance and are not equally associated with abscess.	difficulties in distinguishing organisms of the "streptococcus milleri group" (smg; streptococcus intermedius, streptococcus constellatus, and streptococcus anginosus), have caused ambiguity in determining their pathogenic potential. we reviewed 118 cases in which smg isolates had been identified using 16s rdna sequence. s. constellatus and s. anginosus were isolated far more frequently than was s. intermedius. nearly all isolates of s. intermedius and most isolates of s. constellatus, but only ...	2001	11317256
in vitro activity of gemifloxacin (sb-265805) compared to eleven other antimicrobial agents against streptococcal isolates, excluding streptococcus pneumoniae.	the purpose of the study presented here was to determine the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin compared with that of 11 other antimicrobial agents (5 of them quinolones) against 400 isolates of beta-haemolytic and viridans group streptococci. the minimum inhibitory concentration values for gemifloxacin against 90% of the streptococci tested were as follows: lancefield groups a, c and g, 0.06 microg/ml; lancefield group b, streptococcus mitis, streptococcus mutans and streptococcus bovis, 0.125 m ...	2001	11399019
streptococcus milleri: an organism for head and neck infections and abscess.	streptococcus milleri, a commensal organism, has the potential to cause significant morbidity. there is a paucity of published data regarding this organism in the head and neck.	2001	11405863
identification of enterococcus, streptococcus, and staphylococcus by multivariate analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic data from plate cultures.	a new fingerprinting technique with the potential for rapid identification of bacteria was developed by combining proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)h mrs) with multivariate statistical analysis. this resulted in an objective identification strategy for common clinical isolates belonging to the bacterial species staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae, and the streptococcus miller ...	2001	11474013
streptococcus milleri: a cause of pyogenic liver abscess.	we report a case of streptococcus milleri in a patient with a history of hypertension, alcohol abuse, and tobacco smoking. s. milleri is associated with liver abscesses much more frequently than other streptococci.	2001	11491278
[clinical and bacteriological features of 12 cases of liver abscess caused by streptococcus milleri group].	we described the clinical and bacteriological features of 12 cases of liver abscess caused by streptococcus milleri group (smg) during a 6-year period from 1993 to 1998. the gender was 11 males and 1 female with their ages ranging from 39 to 76 years old (mean: 53.4). the common symptoms were fever (100%), abdominal pain (67%), and appetite loss (58%). nine cases had underlying diseases such as carcinomas and diabetes mellitus. predominant causes of the liver abscess were cryptogenic (42%) and b ...	2001	11494562
self-protection against cell wall hydrolysis in streptococcus milleri nmscc 061 and analysis of the millericin b operon.	streptococcus milleri nmscc 061 produces an endopeptidase, millericin b, which hydrolyzes the peptide moiety of susceptible cell wall peptidoglycan. the nucleotide sequence of a 4.9-kb chromosomal region showed three open reading frames (orfs) and a putative trna(leu) sequence. the three orfs encode a millericin b preprotein (milb), a putative immunity protein (milf), and a putative transporter protein (milt). the milb gene encodes a 277-amino-acid preprotein with an 18-amino-acid signal peptide ...	2001	11525982
[clinical features in six patients with liver abscess caused by streptococcus milleri].	among 39 patients with pyogenic liver abscess who were admitted to our institute, six (15%) were infected by streptococcus milleri (s. milleri). we investigated clinical features of these six patients. there were five males and one female, aged 43-81 years old (mean: 61). five of the six patients had underlying illness. all patients had fever, and three of them complained of abdominal pain. three patients had mixed infections; particularly intraoral anaerobes, fusobacterium, were found in two of ...	2001	11579490
efficacy of transthoracic needle aspiration in community-acquired pneumonia.	to evaluate the indications, efficacy, and safety of transthoracic needle aspiration (tna) in diagnosing community-acquired pneumonia (cap).	2001	11579947
[clinical significance of the streptococcus milleri group in peritonsillar abscesses].	few researchers have microbiologically studied peritonsillar abscesses in detail, and their results have been conflicting. although streptococcus pyogenes (group a beta-streptococcus) is commonly considered an important pathogen in this infection, recent studies have demonstrated the recovery of many other streptococci mainly consisting of alpha-streptococci. few studies have identified these streptococci at the species level, however. we studied details of bacteriology in 31 cases of peritonsil ...	2001	11605227
comparative in vitro activity of ertapenem and 11 other antimicrobial agents against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from skin and soft tissue animal and human bite wound infections.	we studied the comparative in vitro activity of ertapenem, a new carbapenem, against 240 aerobic and 180 anaerobic recent clinical bite isolates using an agar dilution method and an inoculum of 10(4) cfu/spot for aerobes and 10(5) cfu/spot for anaerobes. ertapenem inhibited 410/420 (98%) of the isolates tested at < or = 4 mg/l with only 4/5 campylobacter gracilis and 1/3 campylobacter rectus strains requiring . or = 16 mg/l for inhibition. ertapenem was only moderately active (mic 8 mg/l) agains ...	2001	11679553
interaction between human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and streptococcus milleri group bacteria.	because streptococcus milleri group (smg) bacteria--streptococcus constellatus, streptococcus intermedius, and streptococcus anginosus--exhibit a striking propensity to cause abscesses, the interaction of these organisms with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmnl) was examined. after incubation in pooled normal human serum, smg stimulated less chemotaxis than did staphylococcus aureus, in contrast to viridans streptococci, which caused greater chemotaxis than did s. aureus. pmnl ingested grea ...	2002	11756985
a case of fatal pharyngitis.	pharyngitis is a common condition and usually does not lead to any major complication. we report a case in which the patient presented with pharyngitis resulting in an unusual fatal complication of pharyngeal and cerebral abscess. the causative organism was streptococcus milleri that should be readily treatable by penicillin if the condition was recognised earlier.	2002	11852131
[retrospective analysis of fusobacterium associated infections; experience at aomori prefectural hospital with 108 cases from 1995 to 1999].	we experienced 108 cases of fusobacterium associated infections, including otolaryngeal, oral, pleuropulmonary, intraabdominal, skin and soft tissue infections, at aomori prefectural hospital during the 5 year-period from 1995 to 1999. a total of 433 organisms, included 113 fusobacterium spp. (80 fusobacterium nucleatum, 18 fusobaterium necrophorum, 5 fusobacterium varium, 4 fusobacterium mortiferum, 6 fusobacterium spp.), were recovered with an average of 4.0 organisms per case of the 108 cases ...	2002	11852471
[clinical relevance of the streptococcus milleri group in head and neck infections].	streptococcus constellatus, s. intermedius, and s. anginosus, the 3 species of the s. milleri group, form part of the normal flora commonly found in the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal and genital tracts. this group has become known as an important pathogen in infections and abscesses, but data on the anatomical distribution of these species is lacking in relation to clinical significance. we obtained 275 strains of the s. milleri group from different departments at our hospital over the las ...	2002	11857984
periodontal bacteria in rabbit mandibular and maxillary abscesses.	despite the high incidence of odontogenic abscesses in pet rabbits, published data on the bacteriology of these infections are lacking, and clinical cultures are often ambiguous, making antibiotic choices difficult. in order to define the bacteriology of these infections, 12 rabbit mandibular and maxillary abscesses were cultured aerobically and anaerobically. all specimens yielded pathogenic bacteria, including fusobacterium nucleatum, prevotella heparinolytica, prevotella spp., peptostreptococ ...	2002	11880435
[clinical and bacteriological features of six cases with intracranial abscess in childhood].	from october 1988 to march 2001, 5 patients with 6 episodes of intracranial abscesses were admitted to chiba-children's hospital. average age when they were admitted was 10 years and 1 month. initial clinical symptoms were fever in 5 cases, and headache in 1 case. it took 21 days from the appearance of the initial symptoms to diagnose the intracranial abscess. four out of 5 patients had underlying diseases that were prone to cause intracranial abscess. two patients of these were cyanotic congeni ...	2002	11905002
[a three-year review of acute respiratory tract infections caused by streptococcus milleri group].	the objective of our study is to understand the clinical features of patients with acute respiratory tract infection associated with streptococcus milleri group (smg). fifteen patients with smg respiratory tract infection visited our hospital from july, 1997 through may, 2000. there were seven cases of pneumonia, two pulmonary abscess, three thoracic empyema and three acute bronchitis. the mean age of the patients was 57.8 years (range 16-87), twelve were males, and seven were smokers. the moder ...	2002	11974885
[post-marketing surveillance of antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates--i. gram-positive bacteria].	as a post-marketing surveillance, the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, penicillins, and carbapenems. changes in the bacterial sensitivity for czop were also evaluated with the resistance ratio calculated with breakpoint mic. sixteen species (1,913 strains) of gram-positive bacteria were isolated from the clinical materials annually collected fr ...	2002	11977919
identification by 16s ribosomal rna gene sequencing of arcobacter butzleri bacteraemia in a patient with acute gangrenous appendicitis.	to identify a strain of gram negative facultative anaerobic curved bacillus, concomitantly isolated with escherichia coli and streptococcus milleri, from the blood culture of a 69 year old woman with acute gangrenous appendicitis. the literature on arcobacter bacteraemia and arcobacter infections associated with appendicitis was reviewed.	2002	12032229
trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of the streptococcus milleri group.	a collection of 114 clinical streptococcus milleri group (smg) strains at the ryukyu university hospital obtained in 1999 and 2000, was identified and tested for susceptibility to 12 antibiotics. the percentage of strains with intermediate susceptibility to penicillin g was relatively high (14%). cefaclor and cefotiam, with a mic 90 of 2 microg/ml, were less active than cefotaxime. strains nonsusceptible to erythromycin, clindamycin, and azithromycin were found with a frequency of 8%, 5%, and 4% ...	2002	12111565
clinically significant infections with organisms of the streptococcus milleri group.		2002	12192158
[purulent pericarditis with pneumopericardium caused by streptococcus milleri].		2002	12199982
[subdural empyema secondary to sinusitis: four pediatric cases].	perinasal sinus infections is a common and benign condition in most pediatric cases. because of the widespread use of antibiotics, intracranial extension of sinusitis is rarely seen today. nevertheless, the clinician must be aware of the gravity of this condition, because late recognition and delay in treatment can increase mortality and morbidity. the authors made a retrospective study of pediatric patients admitted to garcia de orta hospital between 1996 and 2001 with the diagnosis of subdural ...	2002	12235563
fulminant subdural empyema treated with a wide decompressive craniectomy and continuous irrigation--case report.	a 56-year-old male presented with fulminant subdural empyema manifesting as rhinorrhea, periorbital cellulitis, fever, convulsions, and consciousness disturbance. neuroimaging showed pansinusitis with skull destruction and extensive subdural empyema. decompressive craniectomy, irrigation of the empyema, and subdural drainage were performed. endoscopic sinus surgery was performed to remove the source of infection at the same time. streptococcus milleri was cultured from the pus. continuous irriga ...	2002	12371601
comparison between adult endocarditis due to beta-hemolytic streptococci (serogroups a, b, c, and g) and streptococcus milleri: a multicenter study in france.	limited data exist on infective endocarditis (ie) due to streptococcus milleri (sm) or beta-hemolytic streptococci (bhs). because bhs and sm share some physiologic and pathogenic properties, we wondered whether ie caused by these streptococci might present similarities.	2002	12437404
[right-sided endocarditis complicating a atrial septal defect].		2002	12459117
effects of apigenin and tt-farnesol on glucosyltransferase activity, biofilm viability and caries development in rats.	propolis, a resinous hive product secreted by apis mellifera bees, has been shown to reduce the incidence of dental caries in rats. several compounds, mainly polyphenolics, have been identified in propolis. apigenin and tt-farnesol demonstrated biological activity against mutans streptococci. we determined here their effects, alone or in combination, on glucosyltransferase activity, biofilm viability, and development of caries in rats. sprague-dawley rats were infected with streptococcus sobrinu ...	2002	12485324