Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| improved immunofluorescence assay for detection of giardia and cryptosporidium from asymptomatic adult cervine animals. | we tested an improved immunofluorescence assay (ifa) in detecting giardia and cryptosporidium from feces of asymptomatic adult cervine animals. samples were concentrated by sucrose flotation before being stained by fluorescent monoclonal antibody and examined microscopically. the detection limit was determined as 500 g. intestinalis cysts or 200 c. parvum oocysts/g of sample. among the 82 samples collected from adult fallow deer, columbian black-tailed deer, and tule elk in northern california, ... | 1999 | 10431741 |
| hemorrhagic septicemia in fallow deer (dama dama) caused by pasteurella multocida multocida. | four outbreaks of hemorrhagic septicemia caused by pasteurella multocida multocida occurred in a population of 1,800 fallow deer (dama dama) during 1992-1996. a total of 340 fallow deer were submitted for postmortem examination. pasteurellosis was diagnosed in 273 of 312 deer suspected of having septicemia. pasteurella multocida was isolated from 257 animals, and the diagnosis was based on typical pathologic changes alone in the other 16 animals. pasteurella multocida was isolated in pure cultur ... | 1999 | 10484148 |
| typing of pasteurella multocida from haemorrhagic septicaemia in danish fallow deer (dama dama). | isolates of pasteurella multocida ssp. multocida (n = 31) from a danish population of fallow deer which succumbed to haemorrhagic septicaemia during 1992 1993 and isolates from the palatine tonsils of apparently healthy fallow deer from the same area (n=6) were typed and compared with p. multocida from other sources. plasmids were net observed in the fallow deer strains and one unique pattern was observed by ribotyping using hindiii and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using sanli as restrict ... | 1999 | 10549588 |
| context-related vocalization rates of fallow bucks, dama dama. | we studied the short-term vocalization rates of fallow bucks to determine the primary recipients of the signal conveyed by these rates. we used the contexts in which groans occurred to investigate whether the signal represented an intrasexual threat or an intersexual advertisement. we found that fallow buck groaning rates were highly variable and that this variation was associated with the contexts of groaning. groaning rates were higher during the rut than during the prerut, and also higher whe ... | 1999 | 10564612 |
| sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in a petting zoo. | in a privately owned petting zoo in arizona, 17 deer from five different species, white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), reeve's muntjac (muntiacus reevesi), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), reindeer (rangifer tarandus), and axis deer (axis axis), died of suspected malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) over a period from late 1992 to early 1995. a pcr assay specific for ovine herpesvirus 2, the putative causative agent of sheep-associated mcf, and a competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorb ... | 1999 | 10572865 |
| alpha-2 agonist dissociative anesthetic combinations in fallow deer (cervus dama). | three anesthetic protocols, each using an alpha-2 agonist sedative in combination with a dissociative anesthetic, were evaluated in 17 captive fallow deer (cervus dama). the alpha-2 agonist was given first in two of the three protocols: 1) detomidine (0.1-0.2 mg/kg i.m.) followed by tiletamine-zolazepam (3.0-6.3 mg/kg i.m.) and 2) xylazine (0.6-0.9 mg/kg i.m.) followed by tiletamine-zolazepam (4-5 mg/kg i.m.). in the third protocol, xylazine (1.0-6.2 mg/kg i.m.) and ketamine (2.5-5.1 mg/kg i.m.) ... | 1999 | 10572875 |
| serological survey for antibodies against selected infectious agents among fallow deer (dama dama) in central italy. | sera were collected from 224 fallow deer (dama dama) in reserves in central italy. samples were tested for antibodies against chlamydia spp., brucella spp. and coxiella spp. with the complement fixation (cf) test. indirect immunofluorescence was used to test for antibodies against borrelia spp. and agglutination tests were conducted for leptospira interrogans antibodies. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) tests were used to detect antibodies against bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and bovine ... | 1999 | 10574071 |
| treatment of the growing pedicle with retinoic acid increased the size of the first antlers in fallow deer (dama dama l.). | unilateral injection of 10 mg of all-trans retinoic acid (ra) into the lateral portion of the growing pedicle of fallow bucks (n = 20) led to a significant (p = 0.033, wilcoxon matched-pairs test) increase in first antler volume (median, 25.5 ml) as compared to the contralateral (control) side, injected with vehicle only (median, 21.5 ml). it is hypothesized that the ra treatment of the developing pedicle exercised a direct or indirect effect on the periosteal/perichondrial cells covering the gr ... | 1999 | 10579642 |
| comparative reproductive function in cervids: implications for management of farm and zoo populations. | the cervids represent a complex assemblage of taxa characterized by extreme diversity in morphology, physiology, ecology and geographical distribution. farmed species (for example red deer and fallow deer) are usually the common larger-bodied, gregarious and monotocous species that express marked reproductive seasonality in their temperate environment. their commercial importance has facilitated considerable research into reproductive physiology and the development of assisted reproductive techn ... | 1999 | 10692851 |
| [attempt of deworming of red and fallow deer in deer farm with rintal premix]. | rintal 2.4% premix (bayer) in single dose 7.5 mg of active substance on kg body weight was given to the calves of red and fallow deer. effectiveness of deworming against nematodes from family trichostrongylidae was 85.2% in red and 97.8% in fallow deer. against namatodes from genus trichocephalus the effectiveness was higher extending in red deer 98.1%, and in fallow deer 99.5%. anthelmintic was not effective against nematodes varestrongylus sagittatus and elaphostrongylus cervi. | 1999 | 16888990 |
| timing of estrus in fallow deer is adjusted to the age of available mates. | the ability to manipulate the timing of ovulation should be a tool available to females during their choice of mates. females should advance estrus when preferred males are available and delay estrus when only nonpreferred males are available. however, ovulation in some female mammals can be induced by the presence of males. female estrus could then be either a result of a better stimulus provided by the preferred male or simply manipulation of estrus by the female to reflect her preference. evi ... | 1999 | 29586623 |
| [individual identification of fallow deer using microsatellite polymorphism in a case of poaching]]. | the paper reports on molecular biological investigations in a case of poaching which resulted in considerable damage for property. blood traces from poaching sites have been analysed and compared with blood from two knives and a pair of trousers of the suspects. in two of three poaching sites, genomic dna could be amplified by pcr and assigned to fallow deer. the authors could demonstrate identical allelic combinations between one of the poaching sites and a part of the traces. problems of the l ... | 2000 | 11126585 |
| farm and slaughter survey of bovine tuberculosis in captive deer in switzerland. | in 1998, a survey was conducted by postal questionnaire to gather basic knowledge about the management, health and productivity of captive deer in switzerland. in addition, lymph nodes were collected from slaughtered deer from 124 of the 262 holdings surveyed, and tested for mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium tuberculosis. the total farmed deer population was 8389 animals kept on 485 holdings; 87 per cent were fallow deer, 8 per cent red deer, 4 per cent sika deer, and there were small number ... | 2000 | 11140930 |
| [damalinia meyeri (tasch.) (mallophaga) of fallow deer (dama dama) from pomerania]. | after examination of 202 fallow deers, in 15 of them d. meyeri was founded. prevalence amounted to 7% intensity ca. 5.5 specimens. | 2000 | 16886346 |
| cyproterone acetate reduced antler growth in surgically castrated fallow deer. | we studied the role of androgens in antler growth. in particular, we investigated whether the onset of antler regrowth is triggered by a short-term pulse of testosterone and if low levels of androgens are required for antler growth. the study was conducted on 12 surgically castrated fallow deer bucks (dama dama) aged approximately 27 months. six animals (ca group) were given the antiandrogen, cyproterone acetate (ca, 1000 mg/treatment); the others were given vehicle solution only (control). befo ... | 2000 | 10607941 |
| seroepidemiology of chlamydial infections of wild ruminants in spain. | chlamydial infections were determined serologically among wild ruminants in the nature park of the sierras de cazorla, segura y las villas (cnp; spain). sampling was done during the period from 1990-95. there were 1,244 blood samples collected, consisting of 490 from fallow deer (dama dama), 343 from mouflon (ovis mussimon), 283 from red deer (cervus elaphus) and 128 from spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica). specific complement-fixing antibodies of chlamydia spp. were detected by means of microtechni ... | 2000 | 10682742 |
| relaxin-like factor (rlf) mrna expression in the fallow deer. | employing rt- and race-pcr on rna isolated from testicular tissue, we have cloned the coding cdna sequence for the rlf, also known as insl3, of the fallow deer. the rlf coding sequence consisted of 396 bp encoding a peptide of 131 amino acids and shared highest homology with bovine, sheep and goat rlf. northern analysis revealed a single 0.9 kb transcript in the deer testis. there is only one rlf gene in the deer genome. nonradioactive in situ hybridization revealed the leydig cells to be the so ... | 2000 | 10687860 |
| what, if anything, does visual asymmetry in fallow deer antlers reveal? | fluctuating asymmetry (fa), small directionally random deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry, is thought to reflect individual quality. furthermore, it has been suggested that fa in secondary sexual characters can be used to assess mate or opponent quality during inter- or intrasexual competition. studies on fallow deer, dama dama, have suggested that fa in antlers reflects individual dominance, or the existence of a directional asymmetry (da) with right antlers being consistently more deve ... | 2000 | 10640381 |
| [new findings on the ecology and epidemiology of murine herpes virus isolated in slovakia]. | rodents are important reservoir animals of many human microbial pathogens. of small rodents, trapped on slovakia territory, were several strains of murine herpes virus (mhv) isolated. our purpose was to complete the existing knowledge about circulation of mhv in rodents and to find out, whether also other animal species including man are mhv sensitive or not. the presence of antibodies against mhv in serum of the tested animals and men was followed by virus neutralization test (vnt) and elisa. p ... | 2000 | 10870260 |
| medetomidine/tiletamine/zolazepam and xylazine/tiletamine/zolazepam combinations for immobilization of fallow deer (cervus dama). | eleven adult fallow deer (cervus dama) were anesthetized using a mixture of xylazine/tiletamine/zolazepam, and 10 were anesthetized with a mixture of medetomidine/tiletamine/zolazepam. anesthesia was adequate for capture in all instances, and minor surgical procedures were possible in seven of the animals treated with xylazine/tiletamine/zolazepam and in all of the animals treated with medetomidine/tiletamine/zolazepam. blood gas, hematologic, serum biochemical, and cardiorespiratory parameters ... | 2000 | 10884126 |
| liver total lipids and fatty acid composition of shot red and fallow deer males in various reproduction periods. | in this study total lipid (tl) content and the fatty acid composition changes in the liver of red deer stags (n=35) and fallow deer bucks (n=19) were examined at various reproductive stages. samples were taken from mature red deer stags in the rut (september), in the post-rut (october), at the end of the rut (november) and after sexual activity had ceased (january). sampling from mature fallow bucks was performed in the pre-rut (early october), in the rut (november) and after the reproduction pe ... | 2000 | 10908858 |
| delayed ectopic antler growth and formation of a double-head antler in the metacarpal region of a fallow buck (dama dama l.) following transplantation of antlerogenic periosteum. | autologous transplantation of antlerogenic periosteum to the metacarpal region of a fallow buck resulted in the formation of an ectopic pedicle within a few months after transplantation. in the following years the pedicle increased in size, but no ectopic antler development occurred. however, in the ninth year after transplantation a first antler of about 3 cm length grew from the ectopic pedicle. the hard ectopic first antler was not cast, and renewed antler growth, starting in late spring of t ... | 2000 | 10932327 |
| bovine virus diarrhea virus in free-living deer from denmark. | free-living deer are suggested as a possible source of infection of cattle with bovine virus diarrhea (bvd) virus. to examine this hypothesis blood samples from 476 free-living deer were collected during two different periods and tested for bvd virus and antibody in denmark. in 1995-96, 207 animals were tested. these included 149 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), 29 fallow deer (dama dama), 20 red deer (cervus elaphus) and one sika deer (cervus sika). for the remaining eight animals no species inf ... | 2000 | 10941751 |
| immunoglobulin g class identification from wild ungulates by cross-reactivity with antisera to domestic animals. | seven species of spanish ungulates were tested for the presence of homologous immunoglobulin g (igg) with a gel-diffusion test using bovine, ovine, caprine and porcine igg antisera. homologous ovine and caprine igg were detected in sera from chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica), spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica), mouflon (ovis orientalis musimon), red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (dama dama) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus). homologous porcine igg was detected in wild boar (sus scrofa) s ... | 2000 | 11014063 |
| elaeophorosis in red deer from spain. | elaeophorosis, caused by elaeophora elaphi, was observed in red deer (cervus elaphus) from toledo province (spain) for the first time. adult specimens of elaeophora elaphi were found in the hepatic vessels of nine of 151 red deer between october 1994 and september 1995; intensity of infection was two to 18 nematodes per host. adult nematodes were only found during the period from fall through early spring. no differences were present between sex or age groups. parasites were not found in a limit ... | 2000 | 11085444 |
| epidemiology of paratuberculosis in wild ruminants studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism in the czech republic during the period 1995-1998. | in two studies carried out during the period 1995-1998, paratuberculosis was diagnosed in domestic and wild ruminants in the czech republic. the isolated mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis strains were analysed by standardised restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) [pavlik, i., horvathova, a., dvorska, l., bartl, j., svastova, p., du maine, r., rychlik, i., 1999. j. microbiol. methods 38, 155-167]. in december 1992, 19 late pregnant charolais heifers were imported to the cz ... | 2000 | 11118709 |
| expression of the na+/glucose co-transporter (sglt1) in the intestine of domestic and wild ruminants. | the activity and abundance of the na+/glucose co-transporter (sglt1) was assessed in brush-border-membrane vesicles (bbmv) isolated from the intestine of grass- and roughage- (gr) consuming ruminants (sheep and dairy cattle), during the transition from the pre-ruminant to the mature ruminant state. the abundance of sglt1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mrna) was also compared in the intestinal tissue of the same animals. the dramatic developmental decline in the activity and expression of sglt1 appe ... | 2000 | 11205056 |
| glycoconjugate histochemistry in the duodenum of fetal and adult fallow deer. | this work aimed to characterize the complex carbohydrates in the duodenum of fetal and adult fallow deer. the proximal parts of the duodenum were removed from the intestine of 12- and 16-week-old fetuses and of adult fallow deer. sections were assessed by conventional carbohydrate histochemistry combined with glycosidase digestions and treatment with koh. during development, there was an increase in the acid carboxylated components of the glycoconjugates in goblet cells, while the duodenal gland ... | 2001 | 11214670 |
| energy level in winter diets of fallow deer: effect on plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-i and sex ratio of their offspring. | to determine the effect of dietary energy level in the first winter on subsequent puberty onset, pregnancy, growth, and secretion of progesterone and insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) in fallow deer, prepubertal deer were fed either a high (h) or a low (l) energy diet in a randomised complete block design. june-born female fallow deer were fed ad libitum either 12.5mj/kg dm (h, n=29) or 10mj/kg dm (l, n=29) in pelleted rations once per day during the winter (approximately 4-10 months of age) ... | 2001 | 11230961 |
| intraocular pressure and tear production in captive eland and fallow deer. | applanation tonometry was used to estimate intraocular pressure (iop) and schirmer tear test (stt) i was used to estimate tear production in both eyes of 12 juvenile elands (taurotragus oryx) and one eye each of 15 asian fallow deer (dama mesopotamica). mean (+/- standard deviation) iop was 14.6 +/- 4.0 mm hg in the eland and 11.9 +/- 3.3 mm hg in the deer. mean tear production was 18.7 +/- 5.9 mm/min in the eland and 10.5 +/- 6.5 mm/min in the deer. the large variation in iop between two member ... | 2001 | 11310895 |
| [content of minerals (na,k,ca,mg) and of trace elements (fe,cu and zn) in 13 different tissues of fallow deer (dama dama l.) of various ages]. | at male deer in the age of 15 and 27 months, at experimentally induced cryptorchids and at castrated animals analyses of the content of na, k, ca, mg, fe, cu and zn in 13 different tissues were performed. in the liver of newborn animals solely the content of fe, cu and zn was determined. the significance of the content of the mentioned elements in the various tissues is described. in the liver of the newborn animals stores of fe, cu an zn were identified. the values can be used as a basis for an ... | 2001 | 11314584 |
| evaluation of membrane integrity of frozen/thawed deer spermatozoa: short communication. | a simultaneous live/dead and acrosome staining, originally described for domestic mammals, was successfully applied on red deer (cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (dama dama) spermatozoa collected from the cauda epididymidis and vas deferens of shot stags. the staining is simple enough for routine application. seven classes of spermatozoa were distinguished in the smears of frozen/thawed semen samples. morphology, including cytoplasmic droplets, was evaluated as well. percentage of live cells with ... | 2001 | 11402651 |
| concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-i in adult male white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus): associations with serum testosterone, morphometrics and age during and after the breeding season. | our understanding of insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) in cervids has been limited mostly to its effects on antler development in red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (dama dama), and pudu (pudu puda). although igf-i has been found to play a critical role in reproductive function of other mammals, its role in reproduction of deer is unknown. the objectives of the present study were to determine if serum levels of igf-i change during the breeding season, asses ... | 2001 | 11440874 |
| morphological variability of forestomach mucosal membrane in red deer, fallow deer, roe deer and mouflon. | the number and size of ruminal papillae, reticular cells and omasal laminae in free-living game deer (red deer, fallow deer, roe deer and mouflon) were examined. mucosal membrane (mm) specimens were collected from the forestomachs of hunted deer. these parameters were assessed as related to the grazing environment, sex and age of animals. the number and size of ruminal papillae corresponded the best to the feeding specialization of the respective deer species and affecting factors. in two areas ... | 2001 | 11445418 |
| in vitro metabolism of 14c-moxidectin by hepatic microsomes from various species. | moxidectin is an antiparasitic drug widely used in cattle, sheep and companion animals. no data were available on its metabolism in wild species or in monogastrics. the in vitro metabolism of 14c-moxidectin was studied using hepatic microsomes from several different species: cow (bos taurus). sheep (ovis ovis), goat (capra hircus), deer (cervus dama), rat (rattus norvegicus), pig (sus scrofa and rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus). after separation and quantification by hplc, the extent of metabolism ... | 2001 | 11469506 |
| experimental trichinellosis in fallow-deer (dama dama l.). | herbivora can play a very important role in spreading trichinellosis, as showed by the massive epidemics in man, caused by the consumption of horse meat in the last years. in this context, the present study has been undertaken to verify, through an experimental infection, the susceptibility, together with other biological parameters, of fallow-deer to trichinella infection. the four animals, 8-9 months of age and 18-25 kg body weight, were orally infected with low doses of trichinella britovi an ... | 2001 | 11484355 |
| the descended larynx is not uniquely human. | morphological modifications of vocal anatomy are widespread among vertebrates, and the investigation of the physiological mechanisms and adaptive functions of such variants is an important focus of research into the evolution of communication. the "descended larynx" of adult humans has traditionally been considered unique to our species, representing an adaptation for articulate speech, and debate concerning the position of the larynx in extinct hominids assumes that a lowered larynx is diagnost ... | 2001 | 11506679 |
| effect of ivermectin on activities of cytochrome p450 isoenzymes in mouflon (ovis musimon) and fallow deer (dama dama). | ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug widely used in veterinary and human medicine. we have found earlier that repeated treatments of rats with high doses of this drug led to significant increase of cytochrome p450-dependent 7-methoxyresorufin o-demethylase (mrod) and 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) activities in hepatic microsomes. in the present study, the effects of ivermectin on cytochrome p450 (cyp) activities were investigated in mouflon (ovis musimon) and fallow deer (dama dama). this ... | 2001 | 11551531 |
| ethmoturbinate adenocarcinoma in a persian fallow deer (cervus dama mesopotamica). | 2001 | 11700931 | |
| malignant melanoma of the palpebral conjunctiva in a captive fallow deer. | a case of malignant melanoma in the conjunctiva of the eyelid of a captive 13-yr-old female fallow deer (dama dama) was studied. the black tumor that protruded to the palpebral conjunctiva of the right lower eyelid consisted of an infiltrative growth of melanin-containing neoplastic cells with marked cytological atypia. the tumor involved the conjunctiva of the right lower eyelid and infiltrated to the conjunctival epithelial layer, but did not reach the palpebral skin. numerous mitotic figures ... | 2001 | 11763747 |
| analysis of microsatellite polymorphism in red deer, roe deer, and fallow deer -- possible employment in forensic applications. | dna microsatellites play a major role in population genetics, linkage mapping, and parentage studies of mammals. in addition, they may be used for forensic purposes, if an individual identification of a specific animal is necessary. therefore, we tested a variety of microsatellite polymorphism derived from reindeer (rangifer tarandus) by pcr and sequencing analysis for use in red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (dama dama). twelve of these microsatellites we ... | 2001 | 11118746 |
| [dynamics of infestation of the lipoptena cervi (l.) (diptera, hippoboscidae) with the fallow deer from pomerania]. | in yers 1996 - 2000 fallow deer were examined in the area of north-western part of poland (pomeranian lakeland). 295 fallow deer were examined and lipoptena cervi was found on 220 of them; the prevalence was 75%, intensity ca 9.9 individuals. | 2001 | 16888953 |
| different functional modulation by heterotropic ligands (2,3-diphosphoglycerate and chlorides) of the two haemoglobins from fallow-deer (dama dama). | two haemoglobin components have been identified and purified from fallow-deer (dama dama) erythrocytes. they are present in similar amounts and the two tetrameric molecules share the same alpha chain, while two different beta chains are detected in the two components. the beta chains differ by 14 residues, even though they both have 145 amino-acid residues, which account for a molecular mass of 16,023 and 16,064 da, respectively, while alpha chain has 141 residues, yielding a molecular mass of 1 ... | 2001 | 11168399 |
| advances in health and welfare of farmed deer in new zealand. | new zealand has lead the world in pastoral farming of red, wapiti and fallow deer since this was first sanctioned in 1970. among technological advances in deer production systems have been milestones in our understanding of deer health and welfare in an intensive pastoral farming environment, contributed by the combined efforts of veterinary practitioners, producers and researchers. these advances have impacted enormously on the health and wellbeing of new zealand's farmed deer population, and c ... | 2002 | 16032253 |
| carcass quality in male fallow deer (dama dama): effects of age and supplementary feeding. | thirty-two male fallow deer, half 18- and half 30-month-old, were slaughtered after a 4-month feeding trial on pasture alone or with daily supplement of 500 g (dry matter) concentrate/head (eight each 18- and 30-month-old). the concentrate was composed of 40% maize, 25% sugar beet pulp, 20% alfalfa, 13% soy flakes, 2% minerals and vitamins. supplemented deer were heavier (49.9 vs 45.0 kg) and their carcasses produced higher dressing proportions (61.5 vs 57.2%) and bigger amounts of first quality ... | 2002 | 22063647 |
| effect of antiandrogen cyproterone acetate on the development of the antler cycle in southern pudu (pudu puda). | the antler cycle of pudu is similar to other cervids, but unlike most boreal deer, male southern pudu (pudu puda) exhibits two seasonal peaks of lh and testosterone. in that respect, pudu is similar to roe deer. whereas the antler cycle in some deer species, such as roe deer or white-tailed deer, is very sensitive to variation of testosterone, in other cervids, such as fallow deer or reindeer, a blockade of androgens with cyproterone acetate (ca) has little or no effect on the timing of the antl ... | 2002 | 11857473 |
| age-specific survival and reproductive probabilities: evidence for senescence in male fallow deer (dama dama). | survival and reproduction are key features in the evolution of life-history strategies. in this study, we use capture-mark-resighting and multi-state models to examine survival senescence and reproductive senescence in six successive cohorts of fallow bucks that were studied for 16 years. we found that the overall age-specific survival probabilities of males were highly variable and the best-fitting model revealed that fallow bucks have four life-history stages: yearling, pre-reproductive, prime ... | 2002 | 12061956 |
| evaluation of a porcine zona pellucida vaccine for the immunocontraception of domestic kittens (felis catus). | with a seasonally polyestrus breeding structure, the unwanted domestic cat population has proven difficult to control. various lethal methods have been used in an attempt to lower this population of cats. recently, humane attempts to control "pest species," such as the feral cat, have focused on immunocontraception. spayvactm is a vaccine that uses antibodies raised against porcine (zp) antigens to prevent fertilization of the ovum. spayvac, delivered in a single dose, has been evaluated in fall ... | 2002 | 12182357 |
| histochemical and ultrastructural studies of cartilage resorption and acid phosphatase activity during antler growth in fallow deer (dama dama). | cartilage resorption in forming primary fallow deer antlers was studied by histochemistry and electron microscopy. a high activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (trap), a histochemical marker of skeletal resorbing cells, was first detected in cells located in the mesenchymal tissue separating the columns of hypertrophic cartilage. no cartilage resorption was observed in this region. intense trap staining occurred in large multinucleated cells (identified as inactive osteoclasts) as well ... | 2002 | 12209566 |
| paratuberculosis in free-ranging fallow deer in spain. | paratuberculosis was diagnosed in a population of approximately 1,000 free-ranging fallow deer (dama dama) sampled from 1997-98 in the regional hunting reserve of el sueve (asturias, spain). five of eight animals observed with diarrhea were diagnosed as having paratuberculosis on the basis of gross lesions at postmortem examination and histopathology. in two deer, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was cultured and identified by polymerase chain reaction. indirect enzyme-linked immunoso ... | 2002 | 12238386 |
| sodium glucose-linked transport in the ruminal epithelium of fallow deer -- comparison to sheep. | a higher expression of the sodium glucose-linked transporter, sglt-1, has been previously demonstrated in the intestine of adult fallow deer compared to sheep. the functional presence of sglt-1 in the rumen of both species was investigated in the present study. isolated ruminal epithelia were incubated in ussing chambers. d-glucose or 3-o-methyl-alpha-d-glucose (3-omg) were applied at 10 mmol x l-1 to the mucosal side of tissues and the changes in short-circuit current (delta i(sc)) were recorde ... | 2002 | 12355224 |
| [animal welfare-conforming fallow deer farming in germany--a review]. | fallow deer farming for venison production on pasture and fallow land has gained importance in germany during recent years. as fallow deer farming constitutes a relatively young farming practice, many questions concerning a welfare-conforming and ecologically sound keeping of fallow deer are still open. based on the recommendations on the keeping of fallow deer in enclosures for the purpose of venison meat production including by-products from 2 november 1979, a critical comparative review consi ... | 2002 | 12395579 |
| molecular identification and prevalence of dictyocaulus spp. (trichostrongyloidea: dictyocaulidae) in swedish semi-domestic and free-living cervids. | lungs of 102 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), 136 moose (alces alces), 68 fallow deer (dama dama), and six red deer (cervus elaphus) were examined during hunting seasons from 16 september 1997 to 1 march 2000. the aim was to determine the species composition and prevalence of dictyocaulus lungworms in these hosts in sweden. worms were identified following polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal dna (its2), followed by hybridization with four s ... | 2002 | 12528445 |
| fasciola hepatica: effects on blood constituents and liver minerals in fallow deer (dama dama). | haematological and serum biochemical constituents as well as the liver mineral concentrations can be affected by fasciola hepatica. the present study compares the blood and liver constituents in 19 fallow deer with fascioliosis and in 43 without it. blood samples, gastro-intestinal tract, lungs and liver were taken from 62 male and female fallow deer that were shot, aged 6 months and over, in enclosures, between 1999 and 2001 in slovenia. samples were analysed and the means of various parameters ... | 2003 | 12581584 |
| effect of thawing procedure on cryosurvival of deer spermatozoa: work in progress. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the thawing procedure on deer semen freezability. frozen semen from the genetic resource bank (grb) of the zoological park of buenos aires (argentina) was used. seven mature stags (two red deer, two père david's deer and three fallow deer) were used as semen donors. semen was diluted with a tris-egg yolk medium, packed in 0.25 ml straws and frozen in nitrogen vapour. for thawing, the frozen straws were subjected to the following procedure ... | 2003 | 12763164 |
| histological studies of bone formation during pedicle restoration and early antler regeneration in roe deer and fallow deer. | the purpose of the present study was to examine the process of bone formation in the regenerating cranial appendages of roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (dama dama) during the early postcasting period. after the antlers are cast, osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities lead to a smoothing of the pedicle's separation surface, a strengthening of the pedicle bone, and a partial restoration of the distal pedicle portion that was lost along with the cast antler. initially, bone formati ... | 2003 | 12845710 |
| phylogeny of dictyocaulus (lungworms) from eight species of ruminants based on analyses of ribosomal rna data. | in this study, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of nematode parasites within the genus dictyocaulus (superfamily trichostrongyloidea). lungworms from cattle (bos taurus), domestic sheep (ovis aries), european fallow deer (dama dama), moose (alces alces), musk ox (ovibos moschatus), red deer (cervus elaphus), reindeer (rangifer tarandus) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus) were obtained and their small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) sequences analysed. in th ... | 2003 | 12954019 |
| genetic and behavioural estimates of reproductive skew in male fallow deer. | populations of fallow deer, in general, have low genetic diversity. nevertheless, we screened 39 microsatellite loci and identified 20 that were polymorphic and suitable to determine paternity of fallow deer. to date, paternity has been studied for 87, 110 and 152 fallow deer fawns born between 2000 and 2002. our results confirm the existence of a strong polygynous mating system in our population and confirm that the number of copulations performed by males is globally a good estimator of their ... | 2003 | 12969481 |
| inter-species comparisons of hepatic cytochrome p450 enzyme levels in male ruminants. | our current knowledge about the biotransformation enzymes in wild ruminants is limited. the present study aimed to compare basic levels and specific activities of cytochrome p450 isoforms (cyp1a, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 3a, 4a) in males of red deer ( cervus elaphus), fallow deer ( dama dama), roe deer ( capreolus capreolus) and mouflon ( ovis musimon). the proteins from the major cytochrome p450 (cyp) subfamilies were detected in all ruminant species by western blotting, using polyclonal antibodies ... | 2003 | 14574442 |
| mating success and fidelity to territories in a fallow deer lek: a female removal experiment. | a lek is a clump of male territories that females visit only for mating; it is quite a rare mating system among mammals. as we wanted to investigate the role of past male mating success on their fidelity to lek territories, we displaced fallow deer females by a lek (lek a), i.e. we removed the resources for rutting males. they moved to a new area followed by some of the territorial males ('mobile' males) where they established a new lek (lek b). other males ('faithful' males) stayed on lek a. th ... | 2003 | 14676951 |
| immunohistochemical investigations of the autonomous innervation of the cervine testis. | the innervation of the cervine testis was studied in 6 roe deers, 7 red deers and 14 fallow deers. the results for the three species are rather similar. with anti-sera to neurofilament (nf) and neuron specific enolase (nse), all small and large nerve fascicles can be demonstrated, but single fibers are incompletely stained. immunoreactions against protein gene product-9.5 (pgp-9.5) and gap-43 (growth-associated protein-43) are better suited to depict the complete innervation pattern. bundles of ... | 2003 | 14703994 |
| the influence of environment, mode of nutrition and animal species on level of nitrosamine contamination in venison. | the work aimed to research occurrence of nitrosamines in raw venison from different game species and mode of nutrition effect on their meat concentrations. samples of venison from male and female elks, male and female red deer, male and female roe deer, male and female fallow deer, male and female wild boars, male and female brown hares and males and females of wild rabbits shot in poland during the permissible hunting seasons were used for the experiments after their jointing and cutting. in th ... | 2003 | 22063687 |
| meat quality in male fallow deer (dama dama): effects of age and supplementary feeding. | thirty-two male fallow deer, half 18- and half 30-month-old, were slaughtered after a 4-month feeding trial on pasture alone or with daily supplement of 500 g (dry matter) concentrate/head (eight each 18- and 30-month-old). neither diet nor age produced significant effects on m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (lm) and on m. semimembranosus (sm) ph and colour. meat texture properties (warner-bratzler-wb shear force and compression), water loss and collagen content were unaffected by diet, while ... | 2003 | 22063249 |
| immunoglobulin g antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in game animals and small mammals in eastern slovakia. | in a survey of game animals and small mammals, the sera of 185 animals were examined for the presence of immunoglobulin g antibodies to the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, which causes lyme borreliosis. these animals comprised 59 fallow deer (dama dama), 56 mouflons (ovis musimon) and 70 small mammals of six different species. the sera of the fallow deer and the mouflons were examined by indirect haemagglutination assay. the sera of the small mammals were examined by modified enzyme- ... | 2003 | 15005560 |
| bovine tuberculosis (mycobacterium bovis) in wildlife in spain. | mycobacterium bovis infection in wildlife and feral species is a potential source of infection for livestock and a threat to protected and endangered species. the aim of this study was to identify spanish wild animal species infected with m. bovis through bacteriological culture and spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping) of isolates for epidemiological purposes. this study included samples from red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (dama dama), wild boar (sus scrofa), iberian lynx (lynx ... | 2004 | 15184440 |
| paratuberculosis in farmed and free-living wild ruminants in the czech republic (1999-2001). | due to the occurrence of the infection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis among domestic ruminants and the rapid development of farmed deer industry and the market of cloven-hoofed game we have carried surveys of paratuberculosis, beginning in 1997, in the most common four species of wild ruminants in the czech republic [pavlik et al., vet. microbiol. 77 (2000) 231-251]. from 1999 the prevalence of paratuberculosis has been slightly reduced in all three types of husbandry of wild ... | 2004 | 15261995 |
| cardiac rhabdomyoma in a juvenile fallow deer (dama dama). | a cardiac rhabdomyoma is described in a 6-wk-old captive fallow deer (dama dama) that died suddenly without previous clinical signs. the tumor was characterized by multiple nodules composed of large atypical vacuolated myoblastic cells. as previously reported in humans and other animal species, there is compelling evidence that the cardiac rhabdomyoma is a congenital developmental anomaly rather than a true neoplasm. to our knowledge, this is the first report of a cardiac tumor and a rhabdomyoma ... | 2004 | 15465735 |
| foot infections associated with arcanobacterium pyogenes in free-living fallow deer (dama dama). | we describe foot infection associated with arcanobacterium pyogenes in three adult male free-living fallow deer (dama dama) from sueve regional hunting reserve (principality of asturias, spain). affected fallow deer were culled in november 1997 and 1998 during the hunting season. necropsy, radiography, and microbiologic analysis were carried out for each animal. unilateral swelling of one extremity at the coronary band was observed in all three cases. areas of bone loss, severe periosteal reacti ... | 2004 | 15465736 |
| feeding and reproductive behaviour in fallow bucks (dama dama). | observations on individually marked fallow deer (dama dama) in central italy were performed over 2 years in order to analyse time budgets of four age and sex classes. the aim was to test whether feeding activity was influenced by mating activity, forage quality or physiological constraints during the rut. only adult males (bucks) completely ceased feeding during the rutting season, well before the actual start of mating behaviour and concurrently with the phenomenon of scent-urination, and spend ... | 2004 | 15480524 |
| meningoencephalomyelitis caused by neospora caninum in a juvenile fallow deer (dama dama). | neosporosis, caused by the protozoan parasite neospora caninum, is a serious cause of bovine abortion, stillbirth and perinatal death. this paper reports a clinical neosporosis in a 3-week-old fallow deer (dama dama). the fawn was full term and appeared normal at birth. histological lesions consisted of a multifocal necrotizing and granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis, with intralesional protozoal cysts. positive immunohistochemical staining and characteristic pcr products confirmed the diagno ... | 2004 | 15485563 |
| histological structure of antlers in castrated male fallow deer (dama dama). | antlers are periodically replaced cranial appendages that, except for the reindeer, are grown only by male deer. the annual antler cycle is controlled by seasonal fluctuations of sex steroid concentrations in the blood, and accordingly castration of male deer causes deviations from normal antler growth. the present study investigated antler histology of castrated fallow bucks (dama dama). castration in early spring was followed by casting of the hard antlers carried by the bucks and the growth o ... | 2004 | 15523621 |
| pestivirus exposure in free-living and captive deer in austria. | during the hunting season of 2001-02, blood and spleen samples from 59 red deer (cervus elaphus), 77 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), four fallow deer (dama dama), and five chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) were collected from nine hunting districts (n = 133) and one deer farm (n = 12) in southern austria. sera were tested for antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and virus neutralization tests against three bvdvs and one border diseas ... | 2004 | 15650102 |
| abomasal parasites in wild sympatric cervids, red deer, cervus elaphus and fallow deer, dama dama, from three localities across central and western spain: relationship to host density and park management. | a survey of abomasal parasites in cervids from central spain was conducted at 3 sites, quintos de mora (toledo), maluéñez de arriba (cáceres), and la herguijuela (cáceres). commonly occurring helminths belonged to 3 polymorphic species of the ostertagiinae: spiculopteragia asymmetricals. quadrispiculata, ostertagia leptospicularis/o. kolchida, and o. drozdzi/o. ryjikovi. trichostrongylus axei was found in very few cases. ostertagia drozdzi/o. ryjikovi and the minor male morphotype, s. quadrispic ... | 2004 | 15715232 |
| protein a/g dependent elisa a promising diagnostic tool in lyme disease seroprevalence in game animals and hunting dogs. | one of the major problems in serodiagnosis in wild animals is unavailability of specific antiglobulin conjugate. our study focuses on validation of protein a/g dependent elisa in game animals like deer and mouflons as well as in hunting dogs. binding ability of protein a/g-conjugate to antibodies was the highest in dogs followed by fallow deer and mouflons. three different whole cell borrelia antigens were used to evaluate antigen dependent variation. in new protein a/g-elisa the highest sensiti ... | 2004 | 15001314 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in fallow deer and wild boar in spain. | 2005 | 15747660 | |
| high levels of blood lead in griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) from cazorla natural park (southern spain). | the blood lead of 23 griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) trapped in 2003 was analyzed in order to evaluate exposure to lead in the vulture population of cazorla natural park (in southern spain). in 2001 the use of leaded gasoline in vehicles was banned in the european union; however, lead ammunition is still used in spain in big-game hunting for red deer, fallow deer, mouflon, and wild boar, which are ingested by vultures from september to march. the mean concentration of lead in blood was 43.07 +/- ... | 2005 | 16007647 |
| a cross-sectional study of reproductive indices and fawn mortality in farmed white-tailed deer. | data were obtained from a questionnaire administered to a random sample of canadian and united states white-tailed deer (wtd) farmers. reproductive indices and survival of fawns from birth until 1 y of age were examined. major factors in limiting herd increase were a low reproductive rate (88 fawns per 100 does exposed to bucks) and a 30% mortality of fawns from birth until 1 y of age. the latter figure differs from reported mortality rates in fallow deer and red deer/wapiti. the unacceptably hi ... | 2005 | 16018560 |
| a novel subgroup of rhadinoviruses in ruminants. | in the course of investigating the malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) subgroup of rhadinoviruses, seven novel rhadinoviruses were identified in a variety of ruminants, including domestic sheep, bighorn sheep, bison, black-tailed deer, mule deer, fallow deer, elk and addax. based on the dna polymerase gene sequences, these newly recognized viruses clustered into a second distinct subgroup in ruminants with three members identified previously in cattle, goats and oryx. phylogenetic analysis revealed ... | 2005 | 16227223 |
| pcr detection of bovine herpesviruses from nonbovine ruminants in hungary. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to test six different nonbovine ruminant species for five bovine herpesviruses including infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (bohv-1), bovine herpes mammillitis virus (bohv-2), movar-type herpesvirus (bohv-4), bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5), and alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (alhv-1). species tested included 56 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), 66 red deer (cervus elaphus), 20 fallow deer (dama dama), 16 mouflon (ovis musimon), 34 domestic sheep, and 44 ... | 2005 | 16244057 |
| management of wild ungulate populations in italy: captive-breeding, hybridisation and genetic consequences of translocations. | captive-reproduced stocks of some species of ungulates (artiodactyla), and particularly the red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (dama dama), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and the wildboar (sus scrofa) are more or less extensively translocated in italy, mainly for local reintroductions or restocking of exploited wild populations. however, captive breeding often involves the reproduction of non-indigenous individuals or the production of artificial hybrids. consequently, translocations of capt ... | 2005 | 16244928 |
| experiences in deer sperm cryopreservation under practical conditions--a pilot study. | the genetic potential of the red and fallow deer populations in hungary is well known. conserving the variability in this excellent genetic material for game preservation is one of our most important task. the aim of the present pilot study was to test the logistical steps of a sperm processing and storing system in which deer sperm can be stored at a level that meets quality standards accepted for domestic animals. moreover, two different semen extenders, commercially used for freezing bull sem ... | 2005 | 16257607 |
| sensitivity of borrelia genospecies to serum complement from different animals and human: a host-pathogen relationship. | different borrelia species and serotypes were tested for their sensitivity to serum complement from various animals and human. complement-mediated borrelia killing in cattle, european bison and deer was higher irrespective of the borrelia species whereas in other animals and human it was intermediate and borrelia species-dependent. activation of the alternative complement pathway by particular borrelia strain was in correlation with its sensitivity or resistance. these results support the incomp ... | 2005 | 15681146 |
| rectal and colonic diverticulosis in a fallow deer (dama dama). | 2005 | 15704554 | |
| [mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in wild animal species and cattle in styria/austria]. | infections with mycobacterium ovium ssp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) are increasingly recognised worldwide. in addition to an increased prevalence of paratuberculosis in austrian cattle herds, recent years have also shown a rise in infections with m. paratuberculosis in wild red and roe deer, chamois and mouflon. during the period from june 2002 to september 2004, mesenteric lymph nodes were taken from a total of 483 wild animals hunted or found dead and from 338 deceased cattle. samp ... | 2005 | 16048043 |
| the corpus fibulae in sheep (ovis ammon f. aries)--ontogeny, persistence, size and shape from the fetal period to adulthood. | osteological characteristics are often used to identify animal species. in this regard it is believed that the corpus fibulae of the sheep is represented by a tight cord of connective tissue--the so-called "ligamentum fibulare". the results of the present morphometric study indicate, however, that in 67% of the fetuses, 61% of the lambs or 48% of the adult sheep out of the 160 examined animals, the corpus fibulae is represented by a pin-shaped flattened piece of bone. the length of the corpus fi ... | 2005 | 16130830 |
| the phylogenetic position of the 'giant deer' megaloceros giganteus. | the giant deer, or 'irish elk', has featured extensively in debates on adaptation, sexual selection, and extinction. its huge antlers--the largest of any deer species, living or extinct--formed a focus of much past work. yet the phylogenetic position of the giant deer has remained an enigma. on the basis of its flattened antlers, the species was previously regarded as closely related to the living fallow deer. recent morphological studies, however, have challenged that view and placed the giant ... | 2005 | 16148942 |
| [range and ecology of dermacentor reticulatus (fabricius, 1794) in mazuria focus. iv. host specificity]. | during two consecutive open seasons, i.e. in the fall of 1998 and the fall of 1999, a host specificity study was conducted in the vicinity of mikolajki. host specificity was assessed by calculating the prevalence and mean intensity indices of infection. the total of 87 game beasts were examined, including 53 deers, 18 wild boars, 15 roe deer and 1 elk. in deer the prevalence of infection was 67.9%, with mean intensity at the level of 10.2. in wild boars the indices were 22.2% and 12.8, respectiv ... | 2005 | 16841689 |
| a 12-month survey of gastrointestinal helminth infections of cervids kept in two zoos in belgium. | infections with helminths are a major health issue in captive and wild deer. in this study, fecal egg count patterns and clinical signs associated with gastrointestinal nematodes were assessed for 12 mo in nine cervid herds kept under different husbandry conditions at two sites. at site 1, an urban zoo, fecal egg counts remained low and no clinical signs of parasitic gastroenteritis were seen in the herds of fallow deer (dama dama), dybowski's deer (cervus nippon dybowski), pudu (pudu pudu), and ... | 2005 | 17312767 |
| calpain system in vitro activity and myofibril fragmentation index in fallow deer (dama dama): effects of age and supplementary feeding. | calpain system (µ- and m-calpain, calpastatin) and myofibril fragmentation index (mfi) were analysed on muscle longissimus thoracis et lumborum of 16 male fallow deer, half 18- and half 30-month-old, slaughtered after a 4-month feeding trial on pasture alone or with concentrate supplement. diet did not produce any difference on the measured variables. the muscle of the elder deer had a higher calpastatin level 6 h post-mortem (136.0 vs. 99.7 units/50 g, for the 30- and 18-months-old, respectivel ... | 2005 | 22062999 |
| serological survey for potential disease agents of free-ranging cervids in six selected national parks from germany. | a total of 164 blood samples, collected from free-ranging red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (dama dama) in six german national parks (np) between 2000 and 2002, were assayed for antibodies against nine viral disease agents. antibodies were only detected against the alpha-herpesviruses; specifically, bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) (22 of 157, 14%), cervid herpesvirus-1 (17 of 157, 10.8%), and caprine herpesvirus-1 (11 of 159, 6.9%). titers ranged from 4 to 10 ... | 2006 | 17255452 |
| mother-young recognition in an ungulate hider species: a unidirectional process. | parent-offspring recognition is usually crucial for survival of young. in mammals, olfaction often only permits identification at short range, and vocalizations are important at longer distances. following and hiding antipredator strategies found in newborn mammals may also affect parental recognition mechanisms. we investigated mother-offspring recognition in fallow deer, an ungulate hider species. we analyzed the structure of adult female and fawn contact calls to determine whether they are in ... | 2006 | 16947115 |
| associational effects of plant defences in relation to within- and between-patch food choice by a mammalian herbivore: neighbour contrast susceptibility and defence. | a basic idea of plant defences is that a plant should gain protection from its own defence. in addition, there is evidence that defence traits of the neighbouring plants can influence the degree of protection of an individual plant. these associational effects depend in part on the spatial scale of herbivore selectivity. a strong between-patch selectivity together with a weak within-patch selectivity leads to a situation where a palatable plant could avoid being grazed by growing in a patch with ... | 2006 | 16187104 |
| phylogeny of trypanosoma ( megatrypanum ) theileri and related trypanosomes reveals lineages of isolates associated with artiodactyl hosts diverging on ssu and its ribosomal sequences. | ssu ribosomal sequences of trypanosomes from brazilian cattle and water buffalo were used to infer phylogenetic relationships between non-pathogenic t. theileri and allied species parasitic in artiodactyls. t. theileri trypanosomes from distinct geographical regions in brazil and from other countries were tightly clustered into the 'clade t. theileri' distant from the 't. brucei clade' of pathogenic parasites of artiodactyls, and also distinct from trypanosomes of other mammals. the existence of ... | 2006 | 16197590 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in red deer (cervus elaphus) and other wild ruminants from spain. | serum samples from 441 red deer (cervus elaphus) and 161 other wild ruminant species, collected between 1993 and 2005 from six regions of spain were tested for antibodies against toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test (mat). antibodies to t. gondii (mat 1:25 or higher) were detected in 15.6% of red deer. statistically significant differences were observed among sampling sites with seroprevalence in red deer from catalonia (42.2%) being significantly higher compared with other spani ... | 2006 | 16359801 |
| dynamics and management of infectious disease in colonizing populations. | the introduction of chronic, infectious diseases by colonizing populations (invasive or reintroduced) is a serious hazard in conservation biology, threatening the original host and other spillover species. most research on spatial invasion of diseases has pertained to established host populations, either at steady state or fluctuating through time. within a colonizing population, however, the spread of disease may be influenced by the expansion process of the population itself. here we explore t ... | 2006 | 16761600 |
| sexual segregation in fallow deer: are mixed-sex groups especially unstable because of asynchrony between the sexes? | in gregarious ruminants, females and males tend to live in separate groups outside the rutting season. according to the 'activity budget' hypothesis, this is due to an activity asynchrony between the two sexes reducing the lifetime of mixed-sex groups. we tested this hypothesis in a fallow deer population. activity asynchrony was more frequent in mixed-sex than in single-sex groups. in addition, mixed-sex groups had a higher probability of splitting-up than all-female groups, and they mainly spl ... | 2006 | 16797461 |
| detection of lawsonia intracellularis in wild boar and fallow deer bred in one game enclosure in the czech republic. | the prevalence of lawsonia intracellularis between wild boar (sus scrofa) and fallow deer (dama dama) bred in one game reserve was investigated using the nested pcr method. in the study, 88 clinically healthy wild boars of different age categories and two fallow deer bagged in the game reserve were examined. lawsonia intracellularis was demonstrated in the mucous membrane of the intestine of eight (9.1%) wild boars and one fallow deer. of the nine wild boar whose tissues of corresponding lymph n ... | 2006 | 16460355 |
| pcr-rflp authentication of meats from red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (dama dama), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), cattle (bos taurus), sheep (ovis aries), and goat (capra hircus). | pcr-rflp analysis has been applied to the identification of meats from red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (dama dama), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), cattle (bos taurus), sheep (ovis aries), and goat (capra hircus). pcr amplification was carried out using a set of primers flanking a conserved region of approximately 712 base pairs from the mitochondrial 12s rrna gene. restriction site analysis based on sequence data from this dna fragment permitted the selection of msei, mboii, bsli, and ap ... | 2006 | 16478229 |
| surveillance for prion disease in cervids, germany. | an active survey on transmissible spongiform encephalopathies was performed from 2002 to 2005 on 4,255 roe deer, 1,445 red deer, and 1,604 fallow deer in germany. all cervids tested negative. this survey has been the largest in european wildlife and provides no evidence of prion diseases in free-living german cervids. | 2006 | 16494763 |
| evidence for an increased geographical distribution of dermacentor reticulatus in germany and detection of rickettsia sp. rpa4. | two studies were performed to elucidate the current distribution of the tick dermacentor reticulatus in germany. in the first one in 2003, a total of 365 dogs from 171 sites in the states of berlin and brandenburg was screened for ticks, and the corresponding outdoor sites that the dogs usually visited were searched for host-seeking ticks by the flagging method. a total of 1155 ticks was removed from the dogs. the majority were ixodes ricinus (88.5%), followed by d. reticulatus (9.1%) and i. hex ... | 2006 | 16524777 |