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evaluating the risk of pathogen transmission from wild animals to domestic pigs in australia.wild animals contribute to endemic infection in livestock as well as the introduction, reintroduction and maintenance of pathogens. the source of introduction of endemic diseases to a piggery is often unknown and the extent of wildlife contribution to such local spread is largely unexplored. the aim of the current study was to quantitatively assess the probability of domestic pigs being exposed to different pathogens from wild animals commonly found around commercial piggeries in australia. spec ...201626711303
no clear effect of initiating vaccination against common endemic infections on the amounts of prescribed antimicrobials for danish weaner and finishing pigs during 2007-2013.it is often stated that vaccines may help reduce antimicrobial use in swine production. however, limited evidence is available outside clinical trials. we studied the change in amounts of antimicrobials prescribed for weaners and finishers in herds following initiation of vaccination against five common endemic infections: mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, porcine circovirus type ii, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and lawsonia intracellularis. compa ...201628138438
first report of mixed entamoeba polecki (st 1) and e. suis infection in piglets shedding abnormalfeces by histopathological and molecular surveys.of the three species of entamoeba found in swine, namely e. histolytica, e. polecki and e. suis, e. histolytica can also infect humans, producing colitis or abscesses of liver and leading to death. however, the pathogenicity of other species of entamoeba has not been fully characterized. here, we conducted histopathology and molecular surveys on a pig farm where piglets had blackish feces or muddy diarrhea. histopathological examination of two piglets showed necrosis of the mucous surface at the ...201627787199
lawsonia intracellularis and porcine circovirus type-2 infection in estonia.the present study describes the reasons of post-weaning distress in estonian pig herds. here we examined the natural cases of lawsonia intracellularis and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) infection and co-infections. the presence of l. intracellularis in swine herds were tested by pcr and by histopathological methods, whereas pcv2 was detected by real-time-pcr and immunohistochemical stainings. seven of the 11 investigated herds with signs of post-weaning wasting were infected with l. intracellularis ...201627487502
effect of feeding sodium butyrate in the late finishing period on salmonella carriage, seroprevalence, and growth of finishing pigs.pork is an important source of human salmonellosis and low-cost on-farm control measures may provide a useful element in reducing the prevalence of this pathogen in food. this study investigated the effectiveness of dietary supplementation with sodium butyrate administered to finisher pigs for ∼4-weeks prior to slaughter to control salmonella shedding on highly contaminated farms. two trials (a and b) were conducted on two commercial pig farms, which had a history of high salmonella seroprevalen ...201627544256
prevalence of antibody to and dna of lawsonia intracellularis in samples from wild animals in korea.we evaluated the prevalence of lawsonia intracellularis infection in three wild animal species in korea; the korean water deer ( hydropotes inermis ), siberian roe deer ( capreolus pygargus ), and raccoon dogs ( nyctereutes procyonoides ). we collected 136 sera and 109 fecal samples from individuals in 10 wildlife rescue and conservation centers. serum samples were tested for anti- l. intracellularis antibodies using a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (belisa), and fecal samples were s ...201627487235
use of flow cytometry and pcr analysis to detect 5-carboxyfluoroscein-stained obligate intracellular bacteria lawsonia intracellularis invasion of mccoy cells.in this study, we describe a method to quantify invasion of obligate intracellular bacteria, lawsonia intracellularis, inside mccoy cells. in immunological research, the cell-permeable fluorescent dye 5'-carboxyfluoroscein succidyl ester (cfse) is commonly used to quantify eukaryotic cellular proliferation. instead of using it in this traditional way, we stained l. intracellularis with cfse dye prior to infection of mccoy cells. flow cytometry was performed to quantify the percentage of eukaryot ...201627154728
the efficacy of oxytetracycline treatment at batch, pen and individual level on lawsonia intracellularis infection in nursery pigs in a randomised clinical trial.antimicrobial consumption in animal husbandry is of great scientific and political concern due to the risk of selection of resistant bacteria. whilst a reduction in the use of antimicrobials is therefore preferable, the efficacy of treatment must be maintained in order to ensure animal welfare and profitability of pig production. the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three treatment strategies under field conditions against lawsonia intracellularis (li)-related diarrhoea. a ...201626774445
a randomised clinical trial on the efficacy of oxytetracycline dose through water medication of nursery pigs on diarrhoea, faecal shedding of lawsonia intracellularis and average daily weight gain.oral treatment with antimicrobials is widely used in pig production for the control of gastrointestinal infections. lawsonia intracellularis (li) causes enteritis in pigs older than six weeks of age and is commonly treated with antimicrobials. the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three oral dosage regimens (5, 10 and 20mg/kg body weight) of oxytetracycline (otc) in drinking water over a five-day period on diarrhoea, faecal shedding of li and average daily weight gain (adg) ...201626718056
comparison of the antimicrobial consumption in weaning pigs in danish sow herds with different vaccine purchase patterns during 2013.there is growing concern about development of antimicrobial resistance due to use of antimicrobials (ams) in livestock production. identifying efficient alternatives, including vaccination, is a priority. the objective of this study was to compare the herd-level amount of ams prescribed for weaner pigs, between danish sow herds using varying combinations of vaccines against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (myc) and lawsonia intracellularis (law). it was hypothesised th ...201628405449
effect of tetracycline dose and treatment-mode on selection of resistant coliform bacteria in nursery pigs.this study describes results of a randomized clinical trial investigating the effect of oxytetracycline treatment dose and mode of administration on selection of antibiotic resistant coliform bacteria in fecal samples from nursery pigs. nursery pigs (pigs of 4-7 weeks of age) were treated with oxytetracycline against lawsonia intracellularis induced diarrhea in five pig herds. each group was randomly allocated to one of five treatment groups: oral flock treatment with (i) high (20 mg/kg), (ii) m ...201728389548
lawsonia intracellularis exploits β-catenin/wnt and notch signalling pathways during infection of intestinal crypt to alter cell homeostasis and promote cell proliferation.lawsonia intracellularis is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes proliferative enteropathy (pe) in pigs. l. intracellularis infection causes extensive intestinal crypt cell proliferation and inhibits secretory and absorptive cell differentiation. however, the affected host upstream cellular pathways leading to pe are still unknown. β-catenin/wnt signalling is essential in maintaining intestinal stem cell (isc) proliferation and self-renewal capacity, while notch signalling go ...201728323899
maternal short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide supplementation increases intestinal cytokine secretion, goblet cell number, butyrate concentration and lawsonia intracellularis humoral vaccine response in weaned pigs.prebiotic supplementation modulates immune system development and function. however, less is known about the effects of maternal prebiotic consumption on offspring intestinal defences and immune system responsiveness. we investigated the effects of maternal short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (scfos) supplementation on mucin-secreting cells, ileal secretory iga and cytokine secretion of weaned offspring and their humoral response to an oral vaccine against obligate intracellular lawsonia intracel ...201728115029
proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis in chickens.proliferative enteropathy (pe) is an infectious disease caused by lawsonia intracellularis (li), an obligate intracellular bacterium. pe is endemic in swine herds and has been reported in a variety of mammals including horses, hamsters, rabbits, rats, guinea pigs, ferrets, foxes, dogs, sheep, deer and non-human primates. avian cases are reported only in ratite birds, including emus and ostriches. some studies show an absence of lawsonia spp. infection in chickens. in this study, we performed mor ...201728034455
comprehensive mirna expression profiles in the ilea of lawsonia intracellularis-infected pigs.to analyze the mirna expression profiles in lawsonia intracellularis-infected porcine intestines, infected pigs were first identified using pcr (polymerase chain reaction). then, rna from infected intestines and control tissues were isolated and subjected to microarray analysis and rt-pcr. results showed that a total of 83 mirnas were differentially expressed between the infected samples and controls, out of which 53 were upregulated and 30 were downregulated. validation using rt-pcr showed a hi ...201727916787
batch medication of intestinal infections in nursery pigs-a randomised clinical trial on the efficacy of treatment strategy, type of antibiotic and bacterial load on average daily weight gain.previous research projects have demonstrated the need for better diagnostic tools to support decisions on medication strategies for infections caused by escherichia coli f4 (f4) and f18 (f18), lawsonia intracellularis (li) and brachyspira pilosicoli (pilo). this study was carried out as a randomised clinical trial in three danish pig herds and included 1047 nursery pigs, distributed over 10 batches and 78 pens. the objectives of this study were: (1) to assess the effect of four 5-day treatment s ...201728107883
survey for selected pathogens in wild pigs (sus scrofa) from guam, marianna islands, usa.pigs (sus scrofa) were introduced to guam in the 1600's and are now present in high densities throughout the island. wild pigs are reservoirs for pathogens of concern to domestic animals and humans. exposure to porcine parvovirus, transmissible gastroenteritis, and leptospira interrogans has been documented in domestic swine but data from wild pigs are lacking. the close proximity of humans, domestic animals, and wild pigs, combined with the liberal hunting of wild pigs, results in frequent oppo ...201728622856
identification of lawsonia intracellularis putative hemolysin protein a and characterization of its immunoreactivity.despite the recent global increase in fatal endemic outbreaks of proliferative enteropathy (pe) caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracelluralis (li) in the swine industry, development of effective prevention strategies or immunodiagnostic tests has been delayed due to the difficulty of cultivating this pathogen in vitro. although several genetic analyses have been performed at the level of gene transcription after the complete genome sequence of li was made available, the ...201728622862
a cross-sectional study of oral antibacterial treatment patterns in relation to specific diarrhoeal pathogens in weaner pigs.according to international guidelines, the use of antibacterials should be evidence based and prudent. this register-based, cross-sectional study investigates the potential effect of laboratory findings on the patterns of antibacterial oral (batch) medication of weaner pigs, and the level of compliance with national guidelines for antibacterial use. the study population includes 1,736 weaner herds (≈65% of all danish weaner pigs) that were subject to laboratory analysis from the national veterin ...201728619141
lawsonia intracellularis in the feces of wild rodents and stray cats captured around equine farms.proliferative enteropathy is a global enteric disease of particular importance in pigs. the causative bacterium, lawsonia intracellularis, has a wide range of susceptible host species. recently, l. intracellularis has been recognized as an etiologic agent of an emerging enteric disease in foals called equine proliferative enteropathy (epe). the presence of l. intracellularis in nonruminant wildlife has raised questions regarding the role of these species in epe transmission.201728800756
lawsonia intracellularis in pigs: progression of lesions and involvement of apoptosis.the purpose of this study was to follow the progression of gross and histologic lesions and apoptosis events in lawsonia intracellularis-infected enterocytes through the course of the disease, proliferative enteropathy (pe). thirty 5-week-old pigs were divided into 2 groups: 20 challenged and 10 control animals. groups of 3 pigs, 2 challenged and 1 control, were euthanized at 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15, 19, 24, 29, and 35 days after inoculation. complete necropsies were performed with gross evaluation. ...201728622490
draft genome sequence of lawsonia intracellularis strain e40504, isolated from a horse diagnosed with equine proliferative enteropathy.reported herein is the draft genome sequence of equine-origin lawsonia intracellularis strain e40504, an obligate intracellular bacterium and the etiological agent of equine proliferative enteropathy. the 1.69-mb draft genome sequence includes 1,380 protein-coding genes and 49 rna genes, and it lacks a genomic island reported in swine-origin l. intracellularis strain phe/mn1-00.201728495781
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