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interaction of interferon with cells: the synthesis of an interferon-induced protein. 19705535403
phospholipid synthesis in sindbis virus-infected cells.we investigated the metabolic requirements for the decrease in phospholipid synthesis previously observed by pfefferkorn and hunter in primary cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts infected with sindbis virus. the incorporation of (32)po(4) into all classes of phospholipids was found to decline at the same rate and to the same extent; thus, incorporation of (14)c-choline into acid-precipitable form provided a convenient measure of phospholipid synthesis that was used in subsequent experiments. ex ...19705530011
influence of an arbovirus infection (sindbis virus) on the protein and ribonucleic acid synthesis of cultivated chick embryo cells. 19705529071
basis for variable response of arboviruses to guanidine treatment.the effect of guanidine on the replication of the group a arboviruses, sindbis virus, and semliki forest virus (sfv) was studied. guanidine rapidly, but reversibly, inhibited sfv ribonucleic acid (rna) synthesis. the synthesis of all species of viral rna was inhibited, but that of ribonuclease-resistant forms was least affected. this inhibition occurred when the drug was added at any point during the log phase of virus growth. the growth of sfv was also markedly inhibited, but sindbis virus grow ...19705530010
association of viral ribonucleic acid with cellular membranes in chick embryo cells infected with sindbis virus.membranes from cells infected with sindbis virus had associated with them viral ribonucleic acid (rna) polymerase and about 60 to 70% of the viral rna labeled when short pulses were used. this rna contained most of the replicative intermediate and replicative form of viral rna found in the infected cells. the use of "mg(2+) sarkosyl crystals" permitted the isolation of membrane-bound nucleic acids and allowed the demonstration that sindbis virus rna was synthesized on a membrane-viral rna comple ...19705497889
effect of di-ethyl-amino-ethyl (deae)-dextran on the plaque reduction and plaque inhibition tests with arboviruses. 19705514568
a rich source of replicative ribonucleic acid of sindbis virus--a potent interferon inducer. 19705496087
allantoic fluid as a source of arbovirus hemagglutinin.noninfectious hemagglutinins were prepared from the allantoic fluids of embryonated chicken eggs infected with sindbis virus or with murray valley encephalitis virus.19705466134
molecular weight of sindbis virus ribonucleic acid as measured by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.the molecular weight (mw) of sindbis virion ribonucleic acid (rna) determined by gel electrophoresis was in a range of 3.89 x 10(6) to 4.45 x 10(6) daltons. upon denaturation with urea, it separated into fragments having an mw of 1.76 x 10(6) daltons. viral-specific sindbis 26s rna contained a major species having an mw of 1.76 x 10(6) daltons.19705471476
glycopeptides of the membrane glycoprotein of sindbis virus. 19705418166
virus-specific proteins synthesized in cells infected with rna+ temperature-sensitive mutants of sindbis virus.all sindbis virus temperature-sensitive mutants defective in "late" functions were systematically surveyed by acrylamide-gel electrophoresis for similarities and differences in the intracellular pattern of virus-specific proteins synthesized at the permissive and nonpermissive temperatures. only cells infected with mutants of complementation group c showed an altered pattern. at the nonpermissive temperature, these mutants failed to induce the synthesis of a polypeptide corresponding to the nucl ...19705461887
immunological activity associated with the nucleocapsid and envelope components of an arbovirus.complement-fixing antigens were detected in the nucleocapsid and envelope of sindbis virus. neutralizing antibodies are directed against antigens in the viral envelope.19705461889
purification of two plaque variants of sindbis virus. 19704992466
interferons: therapeutic prospects. 19704950660
immunofluorescent demonstration of double-stranded rna in the cytoplasm of sindbis virus-infected cells. 19704918274
[changes in the hereditary properties of sindbis virus in long-term cultivation under conditions of lowered temperature]. 19704919238
effect of persistent fibroma virus infection on susceptibility of cells to other viruses.shope fibroma virus establishes a persistent cytoplasmic infection in primary (rk) and serially cultivated (drk(3)) rabbit kidney cells which is accompanied by a morphological alteration of the cells. the response of such cells to superinfection by other viruses was compared with that of control cells by determining plaque production and virus yield of superinfecting viruses. it was found that the growth of other poxviruses, myxoma and vaccinia, was greatly inhibited in the fibroma virus-infecte ...19704317346
inhibition of sindbis virus production by media of low ionic strength: intracellular events and requirements for reversal.incubation of sindbis virus-infected cultures in medium with an ionic strength of 0.105 reduced the virus yield more than 99%. this inhibition was rapidly reversed by exposing the cultures to normal medium: within 20 min the previously inhibited cultures had released as much infectious virus as normal controls had produced during hours of incubation. the following intracellular processes were essentially normal in inhibited, infected monolayers: protein and phospholipid synthesis, the synthesis ...19704315161
comparison of membrane protein glycopeptides of sindbis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus.a comparison has been made of the membrane glycoproteins and glycopeptides from two enveloped viruses, sindbis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). glycopeptides isolated from sindbis virus and vsv grown in the same host appear to differ principally in the number of sialic acid residues per glycopeptide; when sialic acid is removed by mild acid treatment, the glycopeptides of the two viral proteins are indistinguishable by exclusion chromatography. preliminary evidence argues that the car ...19704322870
[detection of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to arboviruses in sera of young individuals in the federal republic of germany and in the republic of togo (west africa)]. 19714403535
fractionation of sindbis virus by equilibrium centrifugation. 19714398076
antibodies to arboviruses in birds in czechoslovakia. 19714398090
effect of antilymphocytic serum on circulating interferon in mice as a function of the inducer. 19714325471
homologous interference by incomplete sendai virus particles: changes in virus-specific ribonucleic acid synthesis.incomplete sendai virus particles (i particles) interfered with the replication of several strains of infectious sendai virions (standard virus) but not with the replication of newcastle disease virus, mumps virus, or sindbis virus. i particles did not induce interferon, and ultraviolet irradiation of i particles abolished their ability to interfere. protein synthesis was not necessary to establish interference. the degree of interference depended on the interval between exposure of cells to the ...19714331647
[a study of the ecology of mosquito-borne arboviruses using sentinel animals in the volga delta]. 19714400989
isolation and characterization of viruses from fetal calf serum. 19714361040
biological, physical, and chemical properties of eastern equine encephalitis virus. i. purification and physical properties.a new purification procedure was adopted for eastern equine encephalitis virus which does not subject the virus to pelleting at any stage. three- to 4-liter volumes were passed through a diethylaminoethyl cellulose column. the virus-containing fractions were banded on a sucrose cushion and finally concentrated in an isopycnic band in a linear sucrose gradient. this method reduced the volume 1,000-fold with a concomitant increase in viral titer, i.e., better than 90% recovery. numerous criteria h ...19714106780
[comparative study of the action of propylene glycol and dimethylsulfoxide on various "virus-host" systems]. 19714253513
[independence of interferon production from virus replication in the cell]. 19714101496
the formation of interferon during acute respiratory virus infection of volunteers. 19714325979
[interferon production stimulation in the white mouse by dimethylsulfoxide (dmso)]. 19714326011
virus interference by cellular double-stranded ribonucleic acid.ribonuclease-resistant ribonucleic acid (rna) was isolated from uridine-labeled cultures of rabbit kidney, chicken embryo, and hela cells. this rna, regardless of its source, was found to induce interference with virus growth in either rabbit kidney or chicken embryo cultures. nuclease-treated cellular nucleic acids exhibited interference-inducing activity which eluted with a small fraction of rna in the exclusion volume of a 6% agarose gel column. besides resistance to ribonucleases, the interf ...19714327582
inhibition of interferon synthesis in phospholipase c treated primary chick embryo cells. 19714327713
[biological study of the appearance of interferon action]. 19714101497
electrophoretic analysis of ribosomal and viral ribonucleic acids with a simple technique for slicing low-concentration polyacrylamide gels.the electrophoretic mobilities of ribosomal ribonucleic acids (rna) from cultured mammalian (hela, vero, mdbk), avian (chick embryo), and bacterial (escherichia coli) cells, and rna species extracted from selected viruses (sindbis, polio, tobacco mosaic, sendai) were compared, employing a simple, inexpensive technique for slicing low-concentration polyacrylamide gels. the procedure provides for rapid fractionation of gels used for characterization of rna, incorporating extrusion and serial secti ...19714331767
lipid composition of sindbis virus. 19714332975
modification of sindbis virus glycoprotein by host-specified glycosyl transferases.the amino acid sequence of the membrane glycoprotein of sindbis virus is specified by the viral genome, but it has not been determined whether the carbohydrate portion of this molecule is specified by the cell or by the virus. we have examined two of the enzyme activities which catalyze transfer of monosaccharides to glycoprotein (sialyl and fucosyl transferases). comparison of particulate enzyme preparations from infected and uninfected cells showed no difference in either the specific activity ...19715102426
amelioration of friend virus leukemia by sequential administration of viral and nonviral interferon inducers. 19715105377
interferon assays and quantitative virus determinations in a fatal infection in man with western equine encephalomyelitis virus. 19715093674
an investigation into the mechanism of cytotoxicity of levorphanol. 19715113238
3. rna of uninfected and sindbis virus-infected aedes albopictus cells. 19715142328
denaturation of sindbis virus rna with dimethyl sulphoxide. 19715542484
[structural proteins of sindbis virus and translation of the viral genome]. 19715092493
[action of frog virus 3 (fv3) on the synthesis of rna by sindbis virus]. 19714995280
effect of immunity on interferon production. 19714934213
inflammatory response to viral infection. 19714943906
release of viral hemagglutinin and nucleocapsid components after disruption of sindbis virus with ether. 19715102213
[results of a serologic study of the cycles of circulation of several arboviruses in the republic of senegal (west africa)]. 19715105875
lipid and protein organization in sindbis virus. 19715110315
serologic evidence of arbovirus infection in lebanon. 19715146631
serologic evidence of arbovirus infection in lebanon. 19715149804
analysis of arbovirus ribonucleic acid forms by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.viral ribonucleic acid (rna) from semliki forest virus- and sindbis virus-infected cells was analyzed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. in contrast to earlier results obtained by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, all of the known viral rna forms (i.e., the 42s, 26s, replicative form, and replicative intermediate) were very clearly separated. the high resolution of the electrophoretic method permitted the identification of two new single-stranded rna species. in addition, the repl ...19715165207
interaction between sindbis virus rna and ribosomes from chick fibroblasts. 19715165617
potato spindle tuber viroid. v. failure of immunological tests to disclose double-stranded rna or rna-dna hybrids. 19715166353
[cultivation of various arboviruses in new transplantable lines of mouse fibroblasts]. 19715168877
location of the glycoprotein in the membrane of sindbis virus. 19715283617
absence of an all-or-none type of complement requirement in early neutralizing antibody against western equine encephalitis virus. 19715313614
interferon induction: dna-rna hybrid or double stranded rna? 19715280104
enhancement of sindbis virus infectivity by reduced salt concentration. 19715544458
use of sarcoma 180 to prepare hemagglutinating and complement-fixing antigens for viruses in adult mice. 19715554486
studies on the substructure of togaviruses. i. effect of urea, deoxycholate, and saponin on the sindbis virion. 19714107032
isolation of hemorrhagic nephroso-nephritis virus in cell cultures. 19714107353
phospholipid composition of rous sarcoma virus, host cell membranes and other enveloped rna viruses. 19714108030
studies on the nature of dengue viruses. v. structure and development of dengue virus in vero cells. 19714108617
interferon and respiratory syncytial virus. 19714105357
age-dependent resistance of mice to sindbis virus infection: viral replication as a function of host age.the development of resistance of outbred white mice to two plaque size variants of sindbis virus was studied as a function of host age. a sudden drop in mortality occurred over a 3-day period. as little as 1 plaque-forming unit (pfu) per mouse was lethal in 1-day-old animals, whereas inocula of 10(9) pfu per mouse failed to produce high mortality in weanlings. a comparison of viral growth kinetics shows that early replication was similar in newborns and weanlings but that after 6 to 8 hr the pro ...197116557964
use of chicken tracheal organ cultures for studying resistance of respiratory epithelium to viral infection. 19724110797
[antibodies against arboviruses in starlings (sturnus vulgaris l.) in austria]. 19724145101
peristence of sindbis virus in bhk-21 cell cultures. 19725066350
a large and small plaque variant of sindbis virus obtained by serial passages in tissue culture of chick embryo cells. 19725039381
[potentiation of the antiviral action of interferon by cycloheximide]. 19725051237
isoelectric focusing of viruses in polyacrylamide gels. 19725053106
assay for secondary structure in ribonucleic acid.a chromatographic procedure is described which can discriminate among single-stranded ribonucleic acid (rna) molecules in solution on the basis of the extent of their secondary structure. the assay is effected through chromatography at different temperatures with columns of cellulose cf-11. when sindbis virus rna is chromatographed in this system, the ratio of the amounts of rna eluting in the single-stranded peak to those eluting in the double-stranded peak increases at higher temperatures, pre ...19725064438
[virological characteristics of infection in the l cell-sindbis virus system in the presence of antiviral serum]. 19725086412
specificity of the inflammatory response in viral encephalitis. i. adoptive immunization of immunosuppressed mice infected with sindbis virus.the viral-induced perivascular inflammatory response in sindbis virus encephalitis of mice was shown to be immunologically specific. mice were inoculated intracerebrally with sindbis virus, and 24 hr later a single dose of cyclophosphamide was given which ablated the inflammatory response. 3 days after virus inoculation, cells and/or sera from specifically and nonspecifically sensitized donor mice were given, and the inflammatory reactions, virus content, and antibody response of recipients were ...19725043410
identification of a second glycoprotein in sindbis virus. 19725058841
an adenylate-rich segment in the virion rna of sindbis virus. 19725061927
genome of sindbis virus.(32)p-labeled ribonucleic acid (rna) from purified sindbis virus was examined for the presence of hidden breaks. viral rna was treated with acid at ph 2.9 or with formaldehyde and was analyzed on sucrose gradients or by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the sedimentation pattern and mobility on polyacrylamide gels of the 42s rna was unaffected by heating and quick cooling and was not altered by denaturing agents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and urea. no evidence that sindbis rna is a polyaggrega ...19725061986
selective inhibition of the synthesis of sindbis virion proteins by an inhibitor of chymotrypsin.treatment of chick embryo fibroblasts infected with sindbis virus with tpck, the choloromethyl ketone derivative of tosyl-phenylalanine and an inhibitor of chymotrypsin, resulted in reduced synthesis of viral structural proteins and the accumulation of a high-molecular-weight polypeptide, thought to be a precursor. the analogous inhibitor of trypsin, tlck, the chloromethyl ketone derivative of tosyllysine, had no such effect.19725061988
interaction of interferon with cells: the relationship between interferon uptake and activity. 19725064263
radioimmune precipitation of group a arboviruses. 19725066343
inhibition of early vaccinia virus ribonucleic acid synthesis in interferon-treated chicken embryo fibroblasts.pretreatment of chicken embryo cells with homologous but not heterologous interferon inhibits the synthesis of vaccinia virus early messenger ribonucleic acid (mrna). this inhibition is seen in the presence of cycloheximide, i.e., in the absence of protein synthesis, suggesting that the virion-bound transcriptase may be the target of the antiviral activity associated with interferon treatment. the inhibition of viral mrna synthesis is dependent on the amount of chicken interferon used. the nonvi ...19725062679
defective virus particles from sindbis virus. 19725063430
quantitative experiments on the vector capability of culex (culex) theileri theobald with west nile and sindbis viruses. 19725080426
[a change in various biological properties of sindbis virus as a result of prolonged passage at low temperatures]. 19725086854
influence of pure virus infection on wound healing. 19724366234
arboviruses of australia. 19724563123
some characteristics of lower molecular weight arbovirus rna's. 19724636723
effect of double-stranded rnas from sindbis virus-infected cells on rabbit reticulocyte and chick embryo cell-free protein synthesis. 19724641255
[classification and identification of arboviruses]. 19724642703
elimination of repeated clot formation in mouse ascitic fluid containing arbovirus antibodies.repeated clot formation in mouse ascitic fluids containing antiviral antibody was eliminated by acid precipitation of the fibrinogen.19724672320
specific membranous structures associated with the replication of group a arboviruses.intracytoplasmic membranous structures of a unique type were associated with the replication of three group a arboviruses: semliki forest virus (sfv), sindbis virus, or western equine encephalomyelitis virus. the structures, referred to as type 1 cytopathic vacuoles (cpv-1), were membrane-limited and characteristically lined by regular membranous spherules measuring 50 nm in diameter. the membranous spherules typically contained a fine central density, but were neither virus cores nor virions. d ...19724672392
morphology and morphogenesis of sindbis virus as seen with freeze-etching techniques.freeze-etch electron microscope studies of the morphogenesis and morphology of sindbis virus confirmed results obtained by other workers employing thin-sectioning techniques. the 68-nm virion was found to have a nucleocapsid 36 nm in diameter surrounded by a double-layered, unit membrane. the membranous envelope is acquired as the capsid buds through the plasma membrane of the infected cell. the freeze-etch technique also provided the following new information. (i) at any one time, budding occur ...19724672393
inhibition of sindbis virus release by media of low ionic strength: an electron microscope study.release of sindbis virus from infected cells is inhibited by lowering the ionic strength of the medium. to determine the nature of the inhibited step, we examined, by electron microscopy, both freeze-etched and thin-sectioned preparations which had been fixed with either glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde. inhibitory medium had two different effects on sindbis virus release: virus budding was partially inhibited, and those virions which did mature were precipitated on the surface of the cell. freeze ...19724672394
[low temperature thresholds of reproduction of group a arboviruses in tissue culture]. 19724672889
formation of sindbis virus proteins: identification of a precursor for one of the envelope proteins.exposure of sindbis virus-infected chicken embryo cells to a short pulse of radioactive amino acids revealed the formation of primarily three proteins: the nucleocapsid (c) of the virus, one of the viral envelope proteins (e1), and a glycoprotein that did not appear in the virion. this third protein (pe2) has now been identified as a precursor of the other viral envelope protein (e2) on the basis of two observations: (i) the simultaneous disappearance of radioactive pe2 and appearance of labeled ...19724673887
demonstration of double-stranded ribonucleic acid in concentrates of rna viruses. 19724673907
[replication intermediaries in ribonucleic acid synthesis of group a togavirus]. 19724655816
[polymyositis and virus]. 19724333473
unusual molecular size of rna from a long-rod mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus. 19724333570
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