Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| in vitro dna methylation inhibits gene expression in transgenic tobacco. | a hemimethylated chimeric gene, containing the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, the beta-glucuronidase coding region and the polyadenylation signal of nopaline synthase, was introduced into tobacco protoplasts by polyethylene glycol mediated transfection. hemimethylation led to complete inhibition of transient gene expression. in regenerated transgenic plants the integrated gene was constitutively hypermethylated at the sequences cpg and cpnpg and this was correlated with an inactivation o ... | 1990 | 1702383 |
| targeting of glutamine synthetase to the mitochondria of transgenic tobacco. | two transgenic tobacco lines were genetically engineered to contain chimaeric genes encoding the glutamine synthetase (gs) gamma polypeptide of phaseolus vulgaris (french bean), expressed from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. one (mit-1) contained two copies of a construct including the first 60 amino acids of the nicotiana plumbaginifolia beta-f1 atpase to target the gs polypeptide to the mitochondrion. the other (cyt-4) contained a single copy of a cytosolic gs construct. leaves of i ... | 1990 | 1983302 |
| upstream sequences other than aauaaa are required for efficient messenger rna 3'-end formation in plants. | we have characterized the upstream nucleotide sequences involved in mrna 3'-end formation in the 3' regions of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 19s/35s transcription unit and a pea gene encoding ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (rbcs). sequences between 57 bases and 181 bases upstream from the camv polyadenylation site were required for efficient polyadenylation at this site. in addition, an aauaaa sequence located 13 bases to 18 bases upstream from this site was also impor ... | 1990 | 1983794 |
| the pff plasmids: cassettes utilising camv sequences for expression of foreign genes in plants. | a plant expression cassette was constructed using the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s 5' regulatory region with the enhancer duplicated and the 35s polyadenylation signal. insertion of a polylinker between the transcription initiation and polyadenylation sites allows for easy cloning of genes. to test the usefulness of the cassette chimeric bacterial genes were prepared. the constructs were introduced into nicotiana tabacum suspension culture cells by the particle bombardment process. expression of ... | 1990 | 1369289 |
| in vitro transcription from cauliflower mosaic virus promoters by a cell-free extract from tobacco cells. | we have studied transcription from the cauliflower mosaic virus 19s and 35s promoters in a cell-free system derived from tobacco cells in suspension culture. while a whole-cell extract is incapable of detectable transcription from these promoters, successive purification by column chromatography allows the preparation of two fractions which contain all factors necessary for transcription from the 19s promoter. in contrast, transcription from the 35s promoter leads to the accumulation of short rn ... | 1990 | 1715207 |
| expression of functional replication protein from tomato golden mosaic virus in transgenic tobacco plants. | the a component of the bipartite genome of the geminivirus tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) encodes the viral protein (al1) that is required for viral dna replication. we have constructed transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants in which the al1 open reading frame is transcribed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the transgenic plants, which were phenotypically normal, produced a single transcript from the 35s-al1 construct and a 40-kda protein that cross-reacted wit ... | 1990 | 11607065 |
| peroxidase-induced wilting in transgenic tobacco plants. | peroxidases are a family of isoenzymes found in all higher plants. however, little is known concerning their role in growth, development, or response to stress. plant peroxidases are heme-containing monomeric glycoproteins that utilize either h2o2 or o2 to oxidize a wide variety of molecules. to obtain more information on possible in planta functions of peroxidases, we have used a cdna clone for the primary isoenzyme form of peroxidase to synthesize high levels of this enzyme in transgenic plant ... | 1990 | 12354942 |
| localization of elements important for the wound-inducible expression of a chimeric potato proteinase inhibitor ii-cat gene in transgenic tobacco plants. | the effect of progressive 5[prime] deletions within a potato proteinase inhibitor ii promoter on wound-inducible expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene in leaves of transgenic tobacco plants was analyzed. after deletion of a region ranging from position -1300 to -700 with respect to the transcription start site, promoter activity was markedly reduced but still wound-inducible. further deletion of approximately 200 base pairs resulted in a promoter activity that was below ... | 1990 | 12354945 |
| abnormal plant development and down-regulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in transgenic tobacco containing a heterologous phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene. | biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid natural products in tobacco was perturbed by introduction of a heterologous (bean) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal; l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, ec 4.3.1.5) gene, modified by inclusion of cauliflower mosaic virus 35s enhancer sequences in its promoter. these transgenic plants can exhibit a series of unusual phenotypes including localized fluorescent lesions, altered leaf shape and texture, reduced signification in xylem, stunted growth, reduced pollen viability ... | 1990 | 11607118 |
| genotype- and promoter-induced variability in transient β-glucuronidase expression in pea protoplasts. | leaf mesophyll protoplasts isolated from pea (pisum sativum l.) genotypes century and pi244253 showed transient expression of β-glucuronidase (gus) when electroporated with plasmid dna containing various promoter-leader sequence constructs driving the gus gene. the optimum conditions for transient expression were: using protoplasts isolated from leaf material that had been kept in the dark for 90 h; electroporating at 250 v and 960 μf; and using 125 μg of calf thymus carrier dna and 75 μ of plas ... | 1990 | 24226370 |
| genetic transformation of strawberry by agrobacterium tumefaciens using a leaf disk regeneration system. | an efficient genetic transformation protocol has been developed for strawberry cv. redcoat using agrobacterium tumefadens. the protocol relies on a high frequency (84%) shoot regeneration system from leaf disks. the leaf disks were inoculated with a non-oncogenic agrobacterium tumefadens strain mp90 carrying a binary vector plasmid pbi121 which contains a chimeric nopaline synthase (nos) promoter driven neomycin phosphotransferase (npt ii) gene and a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (camv35s) promot ... | 1990 | 24226936 |
| detection of bacterial chitinase activity in transformed plant tumour cells using a specific exochitinase substrate. | methods for the detection of bacterial chitinase activity were compared. the soluble substrate p-nitrophenyl-ß-d-n,n diacetyl chitobiose (ndc) was more sensitive in detecting purified chitinase of serratia marcescens than assays measuring degradation of a solid chitin substrate by either radiochemical or colorimetric means. a chimaeric gene containing a s. marcescens chitinase gene under control of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and nopaline synthase terminator sequences was constructed ... | 1990 | 24232928 |
| comparison of increased expression of wild-type and herbicide-resistant acetolactate synthase genes in transgenic plants, and indication of posttranscriptional limitation on enzyme activity. | genes encoding wild type acetolactate synthase (als) and a sulfonylurea herbicide-resistant form of the enzyme, isolated from arabidopsis thaliana, were expressed in transgenic nicotiana tabacum plants under the control of their native promoters or of the highly active cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. expression of the wild type coding region from the 35s promoter resulted in a small, threefold increase in sulfonylurea tolerance above the levels measured in tissue expressing the native wil ... | 1990 | 16667898 |
| the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter: combinatorial regulation of transcription in plants. | appropriate regulation of transcription in higher plants requires specific cis elements in the regulatory regions of genes and their corresponding trans-acting proteins. analysis of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter has contributed to the understanding of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. the intact 35s promoter confers constitutive expression upon heterologous genes in most plants. dissection into subdomains that are able to confer tissue-specific gene expression has demonst ... | 1990 | 17746920 |
| crystallization of cauliflower mosaic virus. | cauliflower mosaic virus has been crystallized in hanging and sitting drops. the hexagonal and octahedrally shaped crystals are up to 0.5 mm in mean diameter. the octahedrally shaped crystals diffract to about 27 a resolution. the results are discussed in relation to the lability and aggregation of the virions. | 1990 | 2238483 |
| analysis of promoter activity from an alpha-zein gene 5' flanking sequence in transient expression assays. | three dna regions required for high levels of transcription were identified by transient gene expression analysis of the 5' flanking region of a 19 kda alpha-zein gene. for these analyses, the zein promoter region was fused to the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene and assayed by transient expression in carrot protoplasts. a 107-bp sequence (-114/-8) containing the tata box resulted in low levels of gus activity. addition of the proximal 75 bp (-189/-114) doubled the level of gus expression, and a fu ... | 1990 | 2102884 |
| transient expression of the β-glucuronidase gene introduced into barley coleoptile cells by microinjection. | a β-glucuronidase gene was introduced directly into barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. kobinkatagi) coleoptile cells by microinjection and transient expression of the gene was examined. inner epidermis tissue of coleoptiles was excised and injected with plasmid dna, pbi221, carrying cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, β-glucuronidase gene, and a nopaline synthase polyadenylation region. histochemical assay for β-glucuronidase production showed positive enzyme activity only in coleoptile cells inj ... | 1990 | 24226937 |
| dna sequence of gene vi of cauliflower mosaic virus strain pv147. | 1990 | 2402462 | |
| cis regulatory elements directing tuber-specific and sucrose-inducible expression of a chimeric class i patatin promoter/gus-gene fusion. | the 5'-upstream region of the class i patatin gene b33 directs strong expression of the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene in potato tubers and in leaves treated with sucrose. cis-acting elements affecting specificity and level of expression were identified by deletion analysis in transgenic potato plants. a putative tuber-specific element is located downstream from position -195. nuclear proteins present in leaf and tuber extracts bind specifically to a conserved at rich motif within this r ... | 1990 | 2270080 |
| susceptibility of brassica species to cauliflower mosaic virus infection is related to a specific stage in the virus multiplication cycle. | the relative susceptibilities and symptom responses of different brassica species to infection by cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) have been compared and related to molecular events of the virus multiplication cycle. variants of b. rapa (genome descriptor aa) were highly susceptible to infection by camv strain cabb b-ji and contained relatively large amounts of virus; b. oleracea (cc) variants showed low susceptibility and contained small amounts of virus. b. nigra (bb) and allotetraploid species ... | 1990 | 2391496 |
| recombination sites in cauliflower mosaic virus dnas: implications for mechanisms of recombination. | pairs of mutant cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) dnas readily recombine in plants. five plasmid clones of camv dnas resulting from infection of turnips with pairs of mutant dnas from dnas resulting from infection of turnips with pairs of mutant dnas from different isolates were obtained. restriction analysis and nucleotide sequencing identified deletions in two cloned recombinants, vr1249 and vr244b. the sequence missing in the former was consistent with its deletion by splicing of an rna interme ... | 1990 | 2371775 |
| genetic transformation of foxglove (digitalis purpurea) by chimeric foreign genes and production of cardioactive glycosides. | the chimeric neo and gus genes on a mini ti vector are efficiently transferred into the genome of fox glove (digitalis purpurea l.) using a binary vector system based on a rootinducing ri plasmid, pri15834. the transgenic state of established transformed roots was confirmed by southern blot analysis and by detection of agropine and mannopine. the expression of the chimeric genes controlled by the promoters from tr 1'-2' genes, nos gene and cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna was demonstrated by enz ... | 1990 | 24226593 |
| stress responses in alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) iv. expression of defense gene constructs in electroporated suspension cell protoplasts. | we have investigated conditions for the uptake and expression of chimeric genes in protoplasts of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). constructs containing the bacterial reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) under the control of either the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter or a bean chalcone synthase (chs) promoter were introduced into protoplasts by electroporation in the presence of polyethyleneglycol. the extent of expression in the absence of added inducers depended on the cond ... | 1990 | 24226376 |
| expression of mammalian metallothionein suppresses glucosinolate synthesis in brassica campestris. | transfection of brassica campestris leaves with cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) harboring a mammalian metallothionein (mt) cdna at the orfii position lowered the glucosinolate (gs) concentration to approximately one-half the level in leaves infected with wild-type camv. this suppression was independent of the plant's sulfate status, suggesting that the pathways for protein (mt) and gs biosynthesis were competing for s on an equal basis. the expression of mt may have lowered the endogenous levels ... | 1990 | 16667497 |
| combinatorial and synergistic properties of camv 35s enhancer subdomains. | we have analyzed expression conferred by five subdomains of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s enhancer in mature transgenic plants. expression was detected from subdomains that gave no expression at earlier stages of development indicating developmental regulation of expression and confirming the modular organization of the enhancer. in several cases the expression patterns are highly restricted in cell type, providing useful markers for developmental studies. comparison of expression patt ... | 1990 | 2347302 |
| tissue-specific expression from camv 35s enhancer subdomains in early stages of plant development. | the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s enhancer is able to confer strong constitutive expression in plants. we have previously defined two domains within this enhancer that can confer different tissue-specific expression patterns throughout development. we show here that the upstream domain (b) has a modular organization. it contains at least five subdomains that are able to confer distinct expression patterns when fused to the downstream domain (a). when fused to a minimal promoter only three ... | 1990 | 2347301 |
| open reading frame viii is not required for viability of cauliflower mosaic virus. | open reading frame (orf) viii of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) was analyzed by site-directed mutagenesis in order to investigate its potential function for the viral life cycle. removal of either the start or the stop codon of orf viii, as well as interruption of orf viii by a new stop codon, did not affect infectivity. unlike certain orf vii mutants all three orf viii mutants are stable. hence the orf viii product is not essential and orf viii mutations do not have deleterious polar effects o ... | 1990 | 2345969 |
| development of a heat shock inducible expression cassette for plants: characterization of parameters for its use in transient expression assays. | a heat-inducible expression cassette has been constructed to study the conditional expression of sense or antisense orientations of any sequence of interest in transgenic plants or plant tissues. the construct includes the promoter and all but 5 bases of the mrna leader from the soybean gmhsp17.5-e gene, the polylinker from puc18 (modified to remove the atg), and a fragment that contains the polyadenylation signal and site from the nopaline synthase gene. analysis of transient expression of a co ... | 1990 | 2102878 |
| the effects of promoter on transient expression in conifer cell lines. | protoplasts from suspension cultures of somatic embryos of white spruce (picea glauca moench voss) were electroporated with plasmids containing the chimeric genes for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) or β-glucuronidase (gus), under control of one of three promoters. transient cat gene expression of approximately equal magnitude resulted when the cat gene was fused to either the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter or the nopaline synthase (nos) promoter. when the cat gene was fus ... | 1990 | 24226354 |
| the reverse transcriptase gene of cauliflower mosaic virus is translated separately from the capsid gene. | cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) possesses start codons at the beginning of its reverse transcriptase (rt) gene (orf v) suggesting that, unlike in retroviruses and retrotransposons, it is translated independently from the capsid gene (orf iv). to test this hypothesis a mutational analysis of the camv orf iv/v overlapping region was performed. mutants in which both orfs are separated by stop codons in all three reading frames are viable and stable, while mutations affecting the first two aug codon ... | 1990 | 1691094 |
| host regulation of the cauliflower mosaic virus multiplication cycle. | the dna genome of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) replicates in the cytoplasm of infected plant cells by reverse transcription of an rna template. viral rna is generated in the nucleus by transcription of an episomal minichromosome containing supercoiled dna. we have assessed the relative activities of the nuclear and cytoplasmic phases of the camv multiplication cycle by monitoring unencapsidated viral dna forms and polyadenylylated rnas in different organs of one host plant and in different ho ... | 1990 | 2308926 |
| the cauliflower mosaic virus gene iii product is a non-sequence-specific dna binding protein. | the interaction of the gene iii product, p15, of cauliflower mosaic virus with different double-stranded dna fragments of the viral genome was investigated. the results suggest that gene iii product which showed dna binding activity is a structural protein of the viral particle. | 1990 | 2305555 |
| cell cycle-regulated gene expression in transgenic plant cells. | a majority of histone genes are expressed in the s phase during the cell cycle. using the gene expression system of transformed sunflower cells into which wheat histone h3 gene was introduced by the ti-plasmid gene transfer technique, we determined three cis-acting control sequences (hexameric, octameric, and nonameric motifs) which seemed to confer the s-phase-specific transcription of wheat histone genes. furthermore, as candidates for regulatory transcription factors, three nuclear dna-bindin ... | 1990 | 2279356 |
| transient gene expression of microprojectile-introduced dna in douglas-fir cotyledons. | plasmid dna containing the reporter gene uida encoding β-glucuronidase (gus), driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, was introduced on high-velocity microprojectiles into cultured cotyledons of douglas-fir [pseudotsuga menziesii (mirb.) franco]. transient gene expression was measured by counting the number of distinct loci of gus activity per cotyledon. contrary to published results on angiosperms, repeated bombardments did not increase expression in douglas-fir. expression varied ... | 1991 | 24221286 |
| overexpression of phytochrome b induces a short hypocotyl phenotype in transgenic arabidopsis. | the photoreceptor phytochrome is encoded by a small multigene family in higher plants. phya encodes the well-characterized etiolated-tissue phytochrome. the product of the phyb gene, which has properties resembling those of "green tissue" phytochrome, is as yet poorly characterized. we have developed a phytochrome b overexpression system for analysis of the structure and function of this protein. using newly generated polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies that are selective for phytochrome b, we ... | 1991 | 12324591 |
| characterization of the interaction of plant transcription factors using a bacterial repressor protein. | transcription initiation from a eukaryotic polymerase ii promoter requires a functional interaction of regulatory transcriptional activators with at least one of the basal transcription factors binding in the vicinity of the tata box. to characterize this type of interaction in vivo, we have inserted the bacterial tet repressor-operator complex in nine different positions between an enhancer element (as-1) and the tata box of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s rna promoter. a direct contact ... | 1991 | 1961711 |
| construction of expression vectors based on the rice actin 1 (act1) 5' region for use in monocot transformation. | it has been previously reported that the 5' region of the rice actin 1 gene (act1) promoted high-level expression of a beta-glucuronidase reporter gene (gus) in transformed rice cells. in this paper we describe the construction of act1-based expression vectors for use in monocot transformation. as part of the development of these vectors, we have evaluated the influence of the act1 first intron, the act1-gus junction-encoded n-terminal amino acids, and the sequence context surrounding the act1 a ... | 1991 | 1753941 |
| cauliflower mosaic virus gene ii product forms distinct inclusion bodies in infected plant cells. | turnip leaves infected with the aphid transmissible isolate of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv cabb b-ji) showed two types of virus-containing inclusion bodies (ibs), which differed morphologically and in their protein composition when analyzed by immunogold labeling of ultrathin sections. vacuolated ibs, typical of camv infections, contained p62 (the generally accepted ib protein) but lacked p18 (the aphid transmission factor), while electron-lucent ibs did not contain p62 but were the only dete ... | 1991 | 1656590 |
| transformation of the developing barley endosperm by particle bombardment. | delivery of dna into intact cells of the developing barley (hordeum vulgare l.) endosperm was performed with the biolistic particle gun. it is shown that the proximal 532 base pairs (bp) of the upstream region of a b1-hordein gene drive the expression of the β-glucuronidase (gus) gene (uida) in sub-aleurone and starchy-endosperm cells but not in cells devoid of starch, i.e. developing aleurone cells. the 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus was active in all three cell types. this cell-spe ... | 1991 | 24186414 |
| carbon metabolism enzymes and photosynthesis in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) having excess phytochrome. | j.m. keller et al. (1989, embo j. 8, 1005-1012) introduced a phytochrome gene controlled by a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter into tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) providing material to test whether several photosynthesis enzymes can be increased by one modification to the plant. we report here that this transgenic tobacco had greater amounts of all enzymes examined as well as greater amounts of total protein and chlorophyll per unit leaf area. fructose bisphosphatase (e.c. 3.1.3.11), glycer ... | 1991 | 24186408 |
| comparison of viral nucleic acid intermediates at early and late stages of cauliflower mosaic virus infection suggests a feedback regulatory mechanism. | an important phase of the multiplication cycle of the pararetrovirus cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) is transcription of the viral minichromosome in the nucleus. leaves of infected turnip plants at the vein clearing stage were found to contain a relatively low level of minichromosome dna, and abundant viral transcripts and characteristic reverse transcription products. in contrast, at the much later stage of severe leaf chlorosis, an elevated level of minichromosome dna but less rna, especially ... | 1991 | 1919535 |
| a two-component nodule-specific enhancer in the soybean n23 gene promoter. | the two positive cis elements in the soybean nodulin n23 gene promoter were investigated in transgenic lotus corniculatus plants and shown to constitute a two-component nodule-specific enhancer. equal quantitative contributions from the two components were suggested by the similar expression level of chimeric n23-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase genes after deletion of either the distal positive element (pe-a, -320 to -298) or the proximal positive element (pe-b, -257 to -165). a combined effec ... | 1991 | 1820821 |
| transient expression of the β-glucuronidase gene in embryogenic callus of picea mariana following microprojection. | a microprojection protocol using the dupont biolistic(™) particle delivery system and the β-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene fused with the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) was developed for picea mariana callus. comparison of four tungsten microprojectile sizes showed the highest transient gene expression with 1.11μm diameter particles. adsorption of dna on the microcarriers using calcium chloride led to higher gus gene activity than using polyethylene glycol. gus gene activity ... | 1991 | 24221544 |
| expression of a monocot lhcp promoter in transgenic rice. | the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene linked to the promoter of rice light harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein of photosystem ii (lhcpii) was introduced into rice by electroporation. expression of the gus gene with the lhcp promoter in transformed protoplasts and callus was much lower than with the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. in green organs, however, lhcp-gus activity with the lhcp promoter was 10-fold higher than that with the camv 35s promoter. expression of the lhcp-gus ... | 1991 | 2050117 |
| regeneration of transformed shoots from electroporated soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) protoplasts. | stable transformation of soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) protoplasts isolated from immature cotyledons was achieved following electroporation with plasmid dna carrying chimeric genes encoding ß-glucuronidase (gus) and hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. transformed colonies were stringently selected by growing 15-day-old protoplast-derived cells in the presence of 40 μg/ml of hygromycin-b for 6 weeks. over 93% of the resista ... | 1991 | 24221403 |
| genomic homologous recombination in planta. | a system for monitoring intrachromosomal homologous recombination in whole plants is described. a multimer of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) sequences, arranged such that camv could only be produced by recombination, was integrated into brassica napus nuclear dna. this set-up allowed scoring of recombination events by the appearance of viral symptoms. the repeated homologous regions were derived from two different strains of camv so that different recombinant viruses (i.e. different recombinati ... | 1991 | 2026150 |
| hbp-1a and hbp-1b: leucine zipper-type transcription factors of wheat. | wheat transcription factors hbp-1a and hbp-1b bind to the hexamer motif, acgtca, of wheat histone gene promoters. hbp-1b also binds to the hexamer motif in the promoter of the 35s rna gene of cauliflower mosaic virus, whereas hbp-1a does not. a cdna clone encoding hbp-1b was isolated on the basis of its binding specificity to the hexamer motif. the deduced amino acid sequence indicates that hbp-1b, like hbp-1a, belongs to a leucine zipper class of transcription factors. mutational analyses of th ... | 1991 | 2026143 |
| the regions of sequence variation in caulimovirus gene vi. | the sequence of gene vi from figwort mosaic virus (fmv) clone x4 was determined and compared with that previously published for fmv clone dxs. both clones originated from the same virus isolation, but the virus used to clone dxs was propagated extensively in a host of a different family prior to cloning whereas that used to clone x4 was not. differences in the amino acid sequence inferred from the dna sequences occurred in two clusters. an n-terminal conserved region preceded two regions of vari ... | 1991 | 2024500 |
| genetic analysis of determinants of disease severity and virus concentration in cauliflower mosaic virus. | cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) strains cm1841 and w260 produced markedly different symptoms when inoculated onto turnips (brassica campestris l. 'just right'). the cm1841 strain induced a mild degree of stunting of infected plants while strain w260 caused moderate to severe stunting. although cm1841 was significantly milder than w260, it accumulated to a significantly higher concentration than w260 in systemically infected leaves. we constructed a series of hybrid viruses in order to map region ... | 1991 | 2014640 |
| gene i, a potential cell-to-cell movement locus of cauliflower mosaic virus, encodes an rna-binding protein. | cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) is a double-stranded dna (dsdna) pararetrovirus capable of cell-to-cell movement presumably through intercellular connections, the plasmodesmata, of the infected plant. this movement is likely mediated by a specific viral protein encoded by the gene i locus. here we report that the purified gene i protein binds rna and single-stranded dna (ssdna) but not dsdna regardless of nucleotide sequence specificity. the binding is highly cooperative, and the affinity of the ... | 1991 | 11607169 |
| electroporated protoplasts express seed specific gene promoters. | the soybean 7s seed storage protein, β-conglycinin, is comprised of three major subunits, α', α, and β. chimeric genes having β-conglycinin α' and β subunit promoters and the β-glucuronidase gene coding sequence were constructed and electroporated into protoplasts prepared from three cultured cell lines and from tobacco mesophyll cells. the β-conglycinin promoters were active in all protoplasts examined, and their activities were 10-60% of that of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. in el ... | 1991 | 24213658 |
| c1- and r-dependent expression of the maize bz1 gene requires sequences with homology to mammalian myb and myc binding sites. | tissue-specific expression of the maize anthocyanin bronze-1 (bz1) gene is controlled by the products of several regulatory genes. these include c1 or pl and r or b that share homology to the myb proto-oncogenes and myc-like genes, respectively. bz1 expression in embryo tissues is dependent on c1 and an r-sc allele of r. transient expression from mutated and deleted versions of the bz1 promoter fused to a luciferase reporter gene was measured in c1, rscm2 embryos after gene transfer by microproj ... | 1991 | 1840914 |
| characterization of a maize endosperm culture expressing zein genes and its use in transient transformation assays. | an endosperm derived tissue culture of maize (zea mays l.) variety a636 has been characterised for its ability to synthesize zein protein and respond to a zein gene regulatory element. western analysis with zein specific antibodies revealed the distinct presence of zein proteins of the 15, 19 and 21 kda classes in this tissue, in contrast to an embryo-derived black mexican sweet variety tissue culture which exhibited no zein proteins. transient transformation studies with a cauliflower mosaic vi ... | 1991 | 24220708 |
| a dissection of the cauliflower mosaic virus polyadenylation signal. | mutagenesis analysis of the polyadenylation [poly(a)] signal from the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv), a plant pararetrovirus, revealed striking differences to known vertebrate poly(a) signals. our results show that (1) the aataaa sequence is necessary for efficient cleavage at the poly(a) site, although the requirement for an authentic aataaa might be less stringent in plant than in vertebrate cells; (2) surprisingly and in contrast to the majority of vertebrate poly(a) signals, the sequences d ... | 1991 | 1703507 |
| transgenic plants with enhanced resistance to the fungal pathogen rhizoctonia solani. | the production of enzymes capable of degrading the cell walls of invading phytopathogenic fungi is an important component of the defense response of plants. the timing of this natural host defense mechanism was modified to produce fungal-resistant plants. transgenic tobacco seedlings constitutively expressing a bean chitinase gene under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter showed an increased ability to survive in soil infested with the fungal pathogen rhizoctonia solani and dela ... | 1991 | 17776411 |
| slow-growth phenotype of transgenic tomato expressing apoplastic invertase. | the growth of transgenic tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) plants that express in their apoplast yeast invertase under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter is severely inhibited. the higher the level of invertase, the greater the inhibition of growth. a second phenotypic characteristic of these transgenic plants is the development of yellow and necrotic spots on the leaves, and leaf curling. again the severity of the symptoms is correlated with the level of invertase. these sy ... | 1991 | 16668000 |
| expression of dna coding for diphtheria toxin chain a is toxic to plant cells. | dna coding for the enzymatically active subunit a of diphtheria toxin was placed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and the agrobacterium left transfer-dna gene 7 polyadenylation signal. agrobacteria carrying a binary plant vector with the chimeric diphtheria toxin a gene had very low transforming activity in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.), and greatly diminished the recovery of stable transformants when mixed together with agrobacteria which alone transformed plant c ... | 1991 | 16668040 |
| cloning of the coat protein gene from beet necrotic yellow vein virus and its expression in sugar beet hairy roots. | expression of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) coat protein (cp) gene in transgenic sugar beet hairy roots was accomplished as a step towards cp-mediated virus resistance. a cdna for the cp gene and its 5' terminal untranslated leader sequence was prepared from bnyvv rna, using two oligodeoxynucleotides to prime the synthesis of both strands. second-strand synthesis and amplification of the cdna were done by taq dna polymerase chain reactions. run-off transcripts of the cloned cdna se ... | 1991 | 24221440 |
| transformation of a partial nopaline synthase gene into tobacco suppresses the expression of a resident wild-type gene. | a portion of the nopaline synthase gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter was used to transform a tobacco plant that had previously been transformed with a wild-type nopaline synthase (nos) gene. unexpectedly, in all nine primary transformants tested the wild-type nos expression was virtually completely suppressed. in contrast, plants transformed with the control vector dna, which differed only in the absence of the partial nos gene, did not show any inhibition of no ... | 1991 | 11607156 |
| the sv40 small t intron is accurately and efficiently spliced in tobacco cells. | we have introduced the sv40 small t intron into tobacco cells as part of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase-sv40 transcription unit. we find that the small t intron is efficiently and accurately spliced in transgenic tobacco cells that carry this transcription unit. our results indicate that there is substantial conservation of rna processing signals between plants and animals, more than has been previously assumed. they also suggest that pre-mrna processin ... | 1991 | 1654158 |
| propeptide of a precursor to a plant vacuolar protein required for vacuolar targeting. | sporamin is a protein without glycans that accumulates in large quantities in the vacuoles of the tuberous root of the sweet potato. it is synthesized as a prepro precursor with an n-terminal extension composed of a 21-amino-acid signal peptide and a 16-amino-acid propeptide. a total of 48 base pairs, corresponding to the nucleotide sequence that encodes the propeptide, was deleted from a cdna clone for sporamin. this delta pro mutant sequence, as well as the sequence of the wild-type sporamin c ... | 1991 | 1992474 |
| infectivity of plasmids containing brome mosaic virus cdna linked to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna promoter. | full-length biologically active cdnas of brome mosaic virus genomic rnas 1, 2 and 3 were constructed by joining cdna fragments. the cdnas were constructed so that, at the 5' ends, unique snabi sites were present at the site of initiation of transcription. the cdnas were inserted between a modified cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s rna promoter and terminator regions derived from camv dna, and cloned into puc18. when a mixture of the plasmid dnas was inoculated onto chenopodium hybridum leaves, ... | 1991 | 1993867 |
| inhibition of the expression of the gene for granule-bound starch synthase in potato by antisense constructs. | granule-bound starch synthase [gbss; ec 24.1.21] determines the presence of amylose in reserve starches. potato plants were transformed to produce antisense rna from a gene construct containing a full-length granule-bound starch synthase cdna in reverse orientation, fused between the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and the nopaline synthase terminator. the construct was integrated into the potato genome by agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation. inhibition of gbss activity in pot ... | 1991 | 2005870 |
| subcellular location and expression level of a chimeric protein consisting of the maize waxy transit peptide and the beta-glucuronidase of escherichia coli in transgenic potato plants. | the transit peptide of the maize waxy protein (a nuclear-encoded amyloplast protein of the maize endosperm) was studied with respect to its role in subcellular protein targeting in transgenic potato plants. tp30, a chimeric precursor protein consisting of the waxy transit peptide and an additional 34 amino acids of the mature waxy protein fused to the beta-glucuronidase of escherichia coli, was expressed in potato plants under the control of the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus. this fus ... | 1991 | 2005871 |
| functional analysis of the pathogenesis-related 1a protein gene minimal promoter region. comparison of reporter gene expression in transient and in stable transfections. | pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins are a heterogeneous group of host encoded, low-molecular-mass proteins that are induced in plants by various external stimuli, such as pathogen attack or exposure of the plants to certain chemicals. to examine the regulation of these genes, the 5'-flanking region of the tobacco pr-1a gene [pfitzner u.m., pfitzner, a.j.p. & goodman, h.m. (1988) mol. gen. genet. 211, 290-295] was joined by a transcriptional fusion to the escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase (gus) ... | 1991 | 2007405 |
| custom polymerase-chain-reaction engineering of a plant expression vector. | polymerase-chain-reaction (pcr) amplification combined with custom-synthesized oligodeoxyribonucleotide (oligo) primers can be used to make complex genetic engineering steps (e.g., translational fusions) easy. much of the complexity of the engineering steps can be incorporated into the custom oligo primers. using this technique, a plant constitutive expression vector, puc18cpexp, was constructed. this vector is based on the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s gene-regulatory elements and the cucumber m ... | 1991 | 2055473 |
| regulation of a modified camv 35s promoter by the tn10-encoded tet repressor in transgenic tobacco. | we have investigated the use of the tn10-encoded tet repressor-operator system to regulate the expression of a suitably engineered cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter in transgenic tobacco plants. first, a transgenic plant was generated which constitutively synthesizes 600,000 tet repressor monomers per cell. in a second transformation step, the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene under the control of a modified camv 35s promoter, containing two tet operators, was stably integrated into the p ... | 1991 | 2062303 |
| expression of cauliflower mosaic virus gene i in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) gene i encodes a 40-kda protein, p1, which is thought to be involved in the cell-to-cell movement of the virus. in order to investigate its functioning, p1 was expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed by an expression vector containing camv gene i. when produced in yeast, pi was 40 kda in size and not n-glycosylated. | 1991 | 1796216 |
| barley aleurone layer cell protoplasts as a transient expression system. | protoplasts were prepared from barley aleurone layers using 'onozuka' cellulase digestion and purification through a percoll gradient. protoplasts prepared by this procedure had a viability ranging from 60% to 80% during the first two days of culture. they were responsive to gibberellic acid (ga) as measured by the stimulation of alpha-amylase synthesis. the ga stimulation was counteracted by abscisic acid (aba). in the presence of polyethylene glycol (peg), the protoplasts took up exogenously a ... | 1991 | 1832576 |
| replication of a geminivirus derived shuttle vector in maize endosperm cells. | a maize (zea mays l.) endosperm cell culture has been shown to efficiently replicate dna sequences derived from wheat dwarf virus (wdv), a monopartite monocot geminivirus. to analyze sequences necessary for viral replication and to verify their application for a plant gene expression vector, we have developed a 3.7 kilobase pairs escherichia coli--plant cell shuttle vector, pwi-11. the p15a origin of replication, functional in e. coli, was introduced into the viral sequences. we have replaced th ... | 1991 | 1849629 |
| analysis of unstable rna transcripts of insecticidal crystal protein genes of bacillus thuringiensis in transgenic plants and electroporated protoplasts. | we have examined expression of several insecticidal crystal protein (icp) genes of bacillus thuringiensis in transgenic tobacco plants and electroporated carrot protoplasts. we determined that low levels of lepidopteran toxin cryia(b) icp gene expression in plants and electroporated carrot cells is due to rna instability. we used a series of 3' deleted by cryia(b) constructs directed by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter to demonstrate that this instability is minimally contained in the f ... | 1991 | 1863758 |
| pea lectin is correctly processed, stable and active in leaves of transgenic potato plants. | a gene encoding the preproprotein of the pea (pisum sativum) lectin was expressed in transgenic potato plants using a cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter or a tobacco ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (ssrubisco) promoter. presence of the pea lectin to levels greater than 1% of total soluble leaf protein was detected by radioimmunoassay (ria). the pattern of expression derived from the two promoters was established using both ria and a squash-blot immunolocalisation techni ... | 1991 | 1868225 |
| molecular analysis of two pr-1 pseudogenes from tobacco. | two independent pr-1 lambda genomic clones (w38/1 and w38/3) were isolated and characterized from a tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv. wisconsin 38) library. neither clone is identical to the previously described pr-1 cdna clones, and both clones carry mutations within the highly conserved pr-1 protein coding region. for example, clone w38/1 has a gaa glu codon instead of the translation stop codon thus harbouring an open reading frame extended by 16 additional amino acids. furthermore, both clones ... | 1991 | 1888891 |
| high-level expression of a tobacco chitinase gene in nicotiana sylvestris. susceptibility of transgenic plants to cercospora nicotianae infection. | endochitinases (e.c.3.2.14, chitinase) are believed to be important in the biochemical defense of plants against chitin-containing fungal pathogens. we introduced a gene for class i (basic) tobacco chitinase regulated by cauliflower mosaic virus 35s-rna expression signals into nicotiana sylvestris. the gene was expressed to give mature, enzymatically active chitinase targeted to the intracellular compartment of leaves. most transformants accumulated extremely high levels of chitinase-up to 120-f ... | 1991 | 1888892 |
| new patterns of gene activity in plants detected using an agrobacterium vector. | a vector has been designed that contains a truncated camv (cauliflower mosaic virus) 35s promoter fused to a receptor gene encoding beta-glucuronidase (gus), placed adjacent to the left border sequence of an agrobacterium vector. in potato plants transformed with this vector, different patterns of transcription were detected at high frequency using in situ assays for gus activity. previous studies in drosophila using analogous vectors have shown that the new patterns of transcription in many cas ... | 1991 | 1893100 |
| the indoleacetic acid-lysine synthetase gene of pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi induces developmental alterations in transgenic tobacco and potato plants. | the iaal gene of pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi encodes an indoleacetic acid-lysine synthetase that conjugates lysine to indoleacetic acid. a chimaeric gene consisting of the iaal coding region under the control of the 35s rna promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (35siaal) has been used to test if iaal gene expression leads to morphological alterations in tobacco and potato. transgenic tobacco plantlets bearing this construct have been shown to synthesize iaa-[14c]lysine when fed with ... | 1991 | 1905782 |
| cdnas of beet necrotic yellow vein virus rnas 3 and 4 are rendered biologically active in a plasmid containing the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. | cdnas of beet necrotic yellow vein virus rnas 3 and 4 could be rendered biologically active when they were placed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and polyadenylation signal. although the 35s in vivo transcripts should have contained up to forty 5' and several hundred 3' nonviral nucleotides, the progeny viral rnas had the same sizes as in naturally infected sugarbeets. the progeny rnas did not hybridize with the nonviral sequences indicating that they were apparent ... | 1991 | 1926790 |
| translation of a polycistronic mrna in the presence of the cauliflower mosaic virus transactivator protein. | polycistronic mrnas containing an upstream beta-glucuronidase (gus) and a downstream chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter open reading frame (orf) were expressed in transfected plant protoplasts. cat expression could be strongly induced by coexpression of the cauliflower mosaic virus encoded translation transactivator. transactivation was abolished when an upstream orf overlapped the cat orf for a long distance. no specific sequence elements were required for transactivation but the ... | 1991 | 1935908 |
| transfer of methomyl and hmt-toxin sensitivity from t-cytoplasm maize to tobacco. | the mitochondrial gene, t-urf13, which is unique to the t-cytoplasm of maize, has been expressed in tobacco plants using the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. tobacco plants expressing t-urf13 exhibit a variety of responses to methomyl. leaf discs and petiole sections bleach when exposed to methomyl or hmt-toxin; this effect increases with the age of the tissue. the bleaching effect is not however observed when light is excluded. plants homozygous for t-urf13 exhibit extreme sensitivity whe ... | 1991 | 1944229 |
| the cauliflower mosaic virus reverse transcriptase is not produced by the mechanism of ribosomal frameshifting in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the capsid protein and the reverse transcriptase of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) are encoded by two genes (orf iv and orf v) that lie in different translation reading frames. a comparison can be drawn between the synthesis of both camv proteins and the fusion protein in a yeast retrotransposon, ty, resulting from a +1 frameshifting event which fuses two out-of-phase orfs encoding the structural protein and the reverse transcriptase of ty. for this reason, we constructed a yeast expression vec ... | 1991 | 1703375 |
| effect of deletions in the cauliflower mosaic virus polyadenylation sequence on the choice of the polyadenylation sites in tobacco protoplasts. | deletions were made in the cauliflower mosaic virus polyadenylation sequence which was cloned downstream of the beta-glucuronidase gene (gus). the populations of mrnas generated in tobacco mesophyll protoplasts by transient expression with the various constructs were analysed using a polymerase chain reaction procedure. when no deletion was present in the sequence, the mrna appeared to be polyadenylated at two major polyadenylation sites. a deletion upstream from the aataaa sequence made the pop ... | 1991 | 1709718 |
| regulated inactivation of homologous gene expression in transgenic nicotiana sylvestris plants containing a defense-related tobacco chitinase gene. | the class i chitinases are vacuolar proteins implicated in the defense of plants against pathogens. leaves of transgenic nicotiana sylvestris plants homozygous for a chimeric tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) chitinase gene with cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s rna expression signals usually accumulate high levels of chitinase relative to comparable leaves of non-transformed plants. unexpectedly, some transgenic plants accumulated lower levels of chitinase than nontransformed plants. we call this p ... | 1992 | 1281514 |
| synthetic cryiiia gene from bacillus thuringiensis improved for high expression in plants. | a 1974 bp synthetic gene was constructed from chemically synthesized oligonucleotides in order to improve transgenic protein expression of the cryiiia gene from bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis in transgenic tobacco. the crystal toxin genes (cry) from b. thuringiensis are difficult to express in plants even when under the control of efficient plant regulatory sequences. we identified and eliminated five classes of sequence found throughout the cryiiia gene that mimic eukaryotic processing ... | 1992 | 1301214 |
| stringent repression and homogeneous de-repression by tetracycline of a modified camv 35s promoter in intact transgenic tobacco plants. | a cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter derivative, which is tightly repressed by the tn 10 encoded tet repressor in a transient expression system as well as in transgenic plants has been constructed. after treatment of transgenic plants with tetracycline (tc) the activity of the reporter enzyme beta-glucuronidase (gus) increased up to 500-fold in tissue culture as well as under greenhouse conditions. efficient de-repression was achieved by tc uptake through the roots as well as by tc tre ... | 1992 | 1303802 |
| maize polyubiquitin genes: structure, thermal perturbation of expression and transcript splicing, and promoter activity following transfer to protoplasts by electroporation. | two genomic clones (lambda ubi-1 and lambda ubi-2) encoding the highly conserved 76 amino acid protein ubiquitin have been isolated from maize. sequence analysis shows that both genes contain seven contiguous direct repeats of the protein coding region in a polyprotein conformation. the deduced amino acid sequence of all 14 repeats is identical and is the same as for other plant ubiquitins. the use of transcript-specific oligonucleotide probes shows that ubi-1 and ubi-2 are expressed constitutiv ... | 1992 | 1313711 |
| high rates of ac/ds germinal transposition in arabidopsis suitable for gene isolation by insertional mutagenesis. | overexpression of the activator (ac) transposase gene in arabidopsis thaliana resulted in a minimal germinal transposition frequency of 27% in which independent dissociation (ds) transposition events were observed. molecular analysis of 45 f1 generation ac/ds plants indicated that high rates of somatic excision had occurred, and independent germinal insertions were identified in f2 generation progeny plants. a tandem cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) promoter fused to two different ac coding seque ... | 1992 | 1321434 |
| expression in transgenic tobacco of the bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase gene modified by intron insertions of various sizes. | a plant selectable marker gene consisting of cauliflower mosaic virus expression signals and the protein-coding sequence of bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase was modified by insertion of an intron sequence from a storage protein gene, phaseolin. correct and efficient splicing of the resulting mosaic rna was observed in transgenic tobacco plants. the insertion of various linkers or gradual increase of intron size by addition in both orientations of internal intron sequences from another plant ... | 1992 | 1322741 |
| promoter fusions to the activator transposase gene cause distinct patterns of dissociation excision in tobacco cotyledons. | to explore the effects of altering the level of activator (ac) transposase (tpase) expression, a series of plasmids was constructed in which heterologous promoters were fused to the tpase gene. promoters for the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s transcript and the octopine synthase (ocs) and nopaline synthase (nos) genes were tested. these fusions, and constructs expressing tpase from the wild-type ac promoter, were introduced into tobacco, and their activity was monitored by crossing to a lin ... | 1992 | 1323365 |
| elevated levels of activator transposase mrna are associated with high frequencies of dissociation excision in arabidopsis. | the activator (ac) element of maize is active at a low frequency in arabidopsis. to determine whether this is due to poor expression of the ac transposase gene, we obtained and studied 19 arabidopsis transformants containing fusions of the octopine synthase (ocs), nopaline synthase (nos), cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s, or ac promoters to the transposase open reading frame. these transformants were examined both for their ability to drive excision of a dissociation (ds) element from a strep ... | 1992 | 1323366 |
| the 5'-untranslated leader sequence of potato virus x rna enhances the expression of a heterologous gene in vivo. | the 5' untranslated leader of potato virus x (pvx) rna is shown when contiguous to the coding sequence, to enhance the expression of the neomycin phosphotransferase ii gene (nptii) in nicotiana tabacum protoplasts in vivo. the level of transient expression of the nptii gene in protoplasts provided by a plasmid containing the coding sequence of the nptii gene under the control of 35s cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) promoter and terminator elements served as the baseline control. insertion of the ... | 1992 | 1324400 |
| expression of a calmodulin methylation mutant affects the growth and development of transgenic tobacco plants. | transgenic plants were constructed that express two foreign calmodulins (vu-1 and vu-3 calmodulins) derived from a cloned synthetic calmodulin gene. vu-1 calmodulin, similar to endogenous plant calmodulin, possesses a lysine residue at position 115 and undergoes posttranslational methylation. vu-3 calmodulin is a site-directed mutant of vu-1 calmodulin that is identical in sequence except for the substitution of an arginine at position 115 and thus is incapable of methylation. both calmodulin ge ... | 1992 | 1325656 |
| development and characterization of a generalized gene tagging system for higher plants using an engineered maize transposon ac. | this report describes a series of transposon tagging vectors for dicotyledonous plants based on the maize transposable element ac. this binary system includes the transposase (ts) and the tagging element (ds) on separate t-dna vectors. ts elements include versions in which transcription is driven either by the endogenous ac promoter or by the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. ds tagging element includes a gene conferring methotrexate (mtx) resistance for selection and a supf gene to ... | 1992 | 1327269 |
| definition of the upstream efficiency element of the simian virus 40 late polyadenylation signal by using in vitro analyses. | the polyadenylation signal for the late mrnas of simian virus 40 is known to have sequence elements located both upstream and downstream of the aauaaa which affect efficiency of utilization of the signal. the upstream efficiency element has been previously characterized by using deletion mutations and transfection analyses. those studies suggested that the upstream element lies between 13 and 48 nucleotides upstream of the aauaaa. we have utilized in vitro cleavage and polyadenylation reactions ... | 1992 | 1333042 |
| the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter is regulated by camp in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter confers strong gene expression in plants, animals and fission yeast, but not in budding yeast. on investigating this paradox, we found that in budding yeast the promoter acts through two domains. whereas the upstream domain acts as a silencer, the downstream domain couples expression to the nutritional state of the cells via the ras/camp pathway. point mutations indicate that two boxes with similarity to the camp regulated element (cre) of mammalian cell ... | 1992 | 1334531 |
| effective vectors for transformation, expression of heterologous genes, and assaying transposon excision in transgenic plants. | progress in plant molecular biology has depended heavily on the availability of effective vectors for plant cell transformation and heterologous expression. in this paper we describe the structures of a wide array of plasmids which have proved extremely effective in (a) plant transformation, (b) expression of heterologous genes and (c) assaying the activity of transposons in transgenic plants. constructs that confer resistance to kanamycin, hygromycin, streptomycin, spectinomycin and phosphinotr ... | 1992 | 1338696 |
| effect of two consensus sequences preceding the translation initiator codon on gene expression in plant protoplasts. | expression cassettes containing a duplicated cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter fused to a polylinker preceded by the ccaccatgg and aacaatgg sequences were constructed. these two sequences correspond to the consensus sequences around the translation start codons in vertebrates and plants respectively. translational fusions were made with the beta-glucuronidase-coding sequence and transient expression was recorded in tobacco mesophyll protoplasts. approximately three times more gus acti ... | 1992 | 1373083 |
| different sequence elements are required for function of the cauliflower mosaic virus polyadenylation site in saccharomyces cerevisiae compared with in plants. | we show that the polyadenylation site derived from the plant cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) is specifically functional in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. the mrna 3' endpoints were mapped at the same position in yeast cells as in plants, and the camv polyadenylation site was recognized in an orientation-dependent manner. mutational analysis of the camv 3'-end-formation signal revealed that multiple elements are essential for proper activity in yeast cells, including two upstream elements th ... | 1992 | 1373813 |
| biologically active cymbidium ringspot virus satellite rna in transgenic plants suppresses accumulation of di rna. | a full-length dna copy of cymbidium ringspot virus (cyrsv) satellite rna was cloned downstream of the bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase promoter. in vitro transcripts were biologically active in plants when coinoculated with the helper virus or its rna. although the transcripts contained 7 or 29 extra nucleotides at the 3' end, the proper 3' terminus was restored in the satrna progeny. full-length cdna clones of cyrsv satrna under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and termin ... | 1992 | 1374981 |
| cauliflower mosaic virus reverse transcriptase. activation by proteolytic processing and functional alteration by terminal deletion. | we have previously expressed the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) reverse transcriptase (rtase) gene, the orfv gene, in yeast in an active form (rtase-y). an activity gel analysis revealed that the molecular size of rtase-y as well as an rtase associated with the camv particles (rtase-v) is 60 kda. this size is about 18 kda smaller than that of the inactive form previously expressed in escherichia coli (rtase-e) (78 kda), which corresponds to the coding capacity estimated for the orfv gene. to in ... | 1992 | 1375943 |
| agroinfection as an alternative to insects for infecting plants with beet western yellows luteovirus. | beet western yellows luteovirus, like other luteoviruses, cannot be transmitted to host plants by mechanical inoculation but requires an aphid vector, a feature that has heretofore presented a serious obstacle to the study of such viruses. in this paper we describe use of agroinfection to infect hosts with beet western yellows virus without recourse to aphids. agroinfection is a procedure for introducing a plant virus into a host via agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring a ti plasmid, which can ef ... | 1992 | 1409615 |