Publications

a comparison of bone growth in length with bone growth in weight.	1. the growth capacity in length of the humerus and femur of male and female albino rats during the growth period from 23 to 150 days of age is less than the growth capacity in weight. this shows that the processes productive of bone strength are more active than those concerned in longitudinal expansion or stature. 2. growth capacity in length is less affected than is growth capacity in weight by the systemic determinants and the factors incident to sex, weaning, and puberty. since the findings ...	1925	19872232
the hypertrophy of the submaxillary gland in the albino rat, following parathyroidectomy.		1925	19969641
congenital hydronephrosis in rats.		1925	19984739
the effects of calcium glycerophosphate, sodium glycerophosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate upon the skeleton of rats kept on a diet deficient only in fat-soluble factor.		1925	16743459
a possible correlation between dietary protein and loss of fur in young growing rats.		1925	16743476
a note on the blood-sugar levels of rats fed with complete diets and diets deficient in vitamin b.		1925	16743552
some metabolic differences, following x-radiation, between normal rats and rats immune to jensen's rat sarcoma.		1925	16743573
mammary secretion. vi. vitamin b and the lactating rat's diet: the quantitative relation of vitamin b to protein (continued). 2. vitamin b requirement of the lactating and non-lactating rat. (preliminary note.).		1925	16743599
a histological study of sterility in the albino rat due to a dietary deficiency.		1925	16587022
the rat as a possible carrier of the dysentery amoeba.		1925	16576881
fertility of the rat, mus norvegicus.		1925	16576935
the reduced sensitivity to insulin of rats and mice fed on a carbohydrate-free, excess-fat diet.		1925	16993742
a sex difference in linkage in rats and mice.		1925	17246290
the effect of fluorine as sodium fluoride on the growth and reproduction of albino rats.		1925	17807329
on the control of the rat population.		1925	17844144
the effect of mineral supplements on reproduction of the albino rat.		1925	17783903
the relation of exercise to rickets in white rats.		1925	17755716
nutritive condition and habit formation in rats.		1925	17756462
on the interruption of pregnancy in the rat by the injection of ovarian follicular extract.	injections of 1 or 1 1/2 units of ovarian follicular extract on the 1st or 2nd day of pregnancy sometimes interfered with the course of the pregnancy in rats. when 3 units were given on the 1st day of pregnancy in 4 of 6 animals the pregnancy did not progress to a normal termination. injection of 3 units of extract on day 2 of pregnancy prevented continuation of pregnancy in all of the 6 animals tested. after day 3, larger doses were necessary to produce this effect. with a 20-unit dose, giv ...	1926	12255683
stereotropism in rats and mice.	typical stereotropic orientation toward a lateral surface of contact is obtained in young rats and mice, and with adult mice congenitally blind. removal of vibrissae or tail or both does not essentially affect this response. equal contact on both sides of the body prevents orientation toward either source of contact. unequal contact areas on the two sides leads to orientation toward the more extensive contact. this behavior very exactly parallels the stereotropic conduct of arthropods, and thus ...	1926	19872308
the geotropic conduct of young rats.	young rats, old enough to creep well but before the eyelids are open, orient and move upward upon an inclined surface. the angle of geotropic orientation on such a surface (theta) is proportional to the logarithm of the component of gravity parallel to the inclined plane. this result is compared with the scanty information available for other animals; there is indication that it may be generally valid. the precision of the orientation, measured by the percentage dispersion of the individual meas ...	1926	19872320
transplantation and potential immortality of mammalian tissues.	1. serial transplantation of tumors made it possible in 1901 and following years to draw the conclusion that various mammalian tissues have potential immortality. serial transplantations of normal tissues did not succeed at first, because the homoioreaction on the part of the lymphocytes and connective tissue of the host injures the transplant. 2. in continuation of these experiments we found that cartilage of the rat can be transplanted serially to other rats at least for a period of 3 years. a ...	1926	19872208
the origin of the lepra cell.	1. by means of the method of vital staining it is found that the lepra cell in rat leprosy is derived from the histiocyte. 2. from the similarity in morphology and function of the lepra cells in this condition and those of human leprosy, it seems likely that derivation of the cells in the two conditions is similar.	1926	19869118
compensatory hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex.	1. removal of one adrenal in the albino rat is followed by hypertrophy of the remaining gland. in the case of female rats 90 days of age this compensatory hypertrophy amounted to 61 per cent. 2. the increase in size of the whole gland is due entirely to hypertrophy of the cortex. this increase in cortical tissue amounted to approximately 91 per cent and was due in large part if not entirely to an increase in the size of the cells. 3. no increase in the size of the medulla or its cells was found.	1926	19869131
studies on the histogenesis of autoplastic thymus transplantations.	1. the thymus gland of young rats autotransplants easily when inserted in the muscles of the abdominal wall. 2. destructive changes take place during the first 48 hours, when regenerative changes set in. 3. the regeneration is usually complete by the 14th day, when the new formed thymic lobules show differentiation into cortical and medullary zones. 4. the small thymic cells arise from the reticular epithelium in the regeneration of the transplant.	1926	19869132
experimental bone marrow reactions : i. anemia produced by collargol.	1. the effect produced by the intravenous administration of collargol on the bone marrow of rabbits varies directly with the amount of collargol injected, and three fairly well defined stages could be recognized. (a) an initial stage after comparatively few and small doses, with erythrocytic and endothelial hyperplasia in the bone marrow and with evidences of this stimulation in the peripheral blood in the form of young erythrocytes and normoblasts. (b) an intermediary stage which followed the i ...	1926	19869143
autotransplantation and homoiotransplantation of the thyroid gland in the rat: with some observations on transplantation of the parathyroid, uterus and ovaries.		1926	19969705
autotransplantation and homoiotransplantation of cartilage and bone in the rat.		1926	19969706
on diminished resistance following suprarenalectomy in the rat and the protection afforded by autoplastic transplants.		1926	19969713
maintenance of a standardised breed of young rats for work upon fat-soluble vitamins, with particular reference to the endowment of the offspring.		1926	16743626
the effect of copper compounds upon the growth of carcinoma in the rat.		1926	16743648
the effect of irradiation of the environment with ultra-violet light upon the growth and calcification of rats, fed on a diet deficient in fat-soluble vitamins. the part played by irradiated sawdust, ii.		1926	16743663
studies in purine metabolism: variations in the nuclear-plasmic ratio in the adult albino rat. ii. synthesis of purines by the adult mammalian organism.		1926	16743678
the difference in chemical composition of the skeletons of young rats fed (1) on diets deprived of fat-soluble vitamins and (2) on a low phosphorus rachitic diet, compared with those of normally nourished animals of the same age.		1926	16743702
relation between vitamin b and protein in the diet of growing rats: physiological rôle of vitamin b. part ii.		1926	16743776
the blood count and body temperature in normal rats.		1926	16993796
unit character inheritance of color in the black rat, mus rattus l.		1926	17246466
diet and body fat.	rats first fed soybean oil and peanut oil diets, then subjected to the process of fat depletion through selective starvation, involving 23 to 27 per cent. loss in body weight, before being fed a "hardening" diet, yielded "harder" fats-fats of lower iodine number values-than the fats of rats which were not starved before being fed the carbohydrate-rich diet. in other words, through the process of starvation, the "soft" oily fat produced on diets containing soybean' or peanut oils is very largely ...	1926	17750627
diet and tissue growth : iv. the rate of compensatory renal enlargement after unilateral nephrectomy in the white rat.	the rate of compensatory enlargement of the remaining kidney after unilateral nephrectomy has been studied in adult rats fed diets containing various concentrations of protein. a curve of enlargement on "standard" food (18 per cent casein) shows a rapid initial increase with subsequent slower rise to the 120th day. there is no significant difference between the value at 120 days (44 per cent) and that at 150 days (48 per cent). a similar series with diets containing increasing concentrations of ...	1927	19869250
diet and tissue growth : v. the effect of dietary protein on the remaining kidney of adult white rats following a unilateral nephrectomy.	the effects of the ingestion of diets containing different concentrations of protein on the remaining kidney in adult white rats after a unilateral nephrectomy has been studied. in the animals on the high protein diet (85 per cent casein), actual glomerular and tubular lesions were observed in the kidneys of animals maintained for 90, 120 and 150 days after nephrectomy. in the animals on the standard ration, 18 per cent casein, no significant renal lesions were observed within the experimental p ...	1927	19869327
enlargement of the adrenal cortex in experimental uremia.	the production of an experimental uremia in the albino rat by removal of both kidneys is followed by hypertrophy of the adrenal glands. in the case of male rats 90 days of age this adrenal enlargement amounted to 65 per cent and in the case of female rats 180 days of age 47 per cent. the increase in the size of the whole gland is due entirely to hypertrophy of the cortex. this increase in the volume of cortical tissue amounted to approximately 40 per cent for males and 61 per cent for females an ...	1927	19869347
vitamin a deficiency and metaplasia.	of nineteen rats on a complete diet (group iii, diet + c. l. o.), none showed foci of squamous keratinizing epithelium in abnormal situations. of twenty-six rats on a diet deficient in vitamins a and d (group i, diet-a-d), twenty-three showed metaplastic changes of varying degree in one or more organs; the metaplasia was of columnar, cuboidal, and transitional epithelium to the squamous keratinizing type. of eighteen rats on a diet deficient in vitamin a alone (group ii, diet-a), seventeen showe ...	1927	19869366
studies on enzyme action : xxxix. lipase actions of extracts of the whole mouse at different ages.	the ester-hydrolyzing or lipase actions of extracts of whole mice whose ages ranged from approximately 6 days before birth to 1 year 8 months 21 days were tested on ten simple esters by the method described in previous papers. the "pictures" of the relative enzyme actions changed from a type approaching the "embryonic" as found with embryo rats and a number of tissues of rabbit embryo, to a type characteristic of the adult mouse. the mouse embryos corresponded to the rat embryos in type and diff ...	1927	19872327
phototropism in young rats.	before the eyelids have opened young rats are negatively heliotropic. they behave very much as does the larva of the blow-fly. the angle of orientation by lights opposed at 180 degrees may be calculated by an equation based upon the elementary requirement of phototropism, namely that orientation is attained when the illumination of bilaterally disposed photoreceptors is equal. the precision of orientation decreases very nearly in proportion to the sum of the logarithms of the acting light intens ...	1927	19872332
on the equilibration of geotropic and phototropic excitations in the rat.	the intensity of light required to just counterbalance geotropic orientation of young rats, with eyelids unopened, is so related to the angle of inclination (alpha) of the creeping plane that the ratio log i/log sin alpha is constant. this relationship, and the statistical variability of i as measured at each value of alpha, may be deduced from the known phototropic and the geotropic conduct as studied separately, and affords proof that in the compounding of the two kinds of excitation the rat i ...	1927	19872333
geotropic orientation of young rats.	the geotropic orientation of rattus rattus (roof rat) obeys the equations previously found applicable for rattus norvegicus. the former is more sensitive, geotiopically, and the numerical values of the constants in the equations for the two forms are found to differ significantly. certain consequences of this difference are pointed out.	1927	19872340
geotropic creeping of young rats.	the rate of upward creeping in negatively geotropic rats aged 13 to 14 days is a function of the gravitational stimulus. the rate of upward movement on the creeping plane, like the angle of orientation, is directly proportional to the logarithm of the gravity component. the variability in the speed of creeping decreases in proportion to the logarithm of the gravitational effect. when weights are attached to the animals' tails the rate of upward creeping varies almost directly as the logarithm of ...	1927	19872341
geotropism of agriolimax.	on an inclined glass plate the slug agriolimax orients and creeps upward or downward. the angle of orientation on the plane (theta) is proportional to the logarithm of the component of gravity in the creeping plane. the coefficient of variability of the measured values of (theta) decreases linearly as the logarithm at the gravity component in the creeping plane increases. the cosine of the angle of orientation decreases almost directly in proportion to the sine of the angle of inclination of the ...	1927	19872359
geotropic orientation of young mice.	the geotropic orientation of young mice, on a plane at angles between 20 degrees and 50 degrees to the horizontal, obeys the equations previously found for young rats by crozier and pincus (1926-27). when the individuals tested in such experiments are not of the utmost uniformity, the variability of the measured orientations is increased.	1927	19872386
syngenesiotransplantation in the rat.		1927	19969728
transplantation and individuality differential in strains of inbred rats.		1927	19969736
a comparison in normal, thyroidectomized and hypophysectomized rats of the effects upon metabolism and growth resulting from daily injections of small amounts of thyroid extract.		1927	19969773
the oöcysts of a coccidium in the faeces of laboratory and wild rats.		1927	19985715
the action of radon "seeds" on tumour and liver cells of the rat.		1927	19986018
the effect of exposure to the sun on the susceptibility of rachitic rats to infection: preliminary note.		1927	20316489
the relation of rat-fleas to plague in shanghai.		1927	20474921
spontaneous cures in rats reared upon a diet devoid of vitamin b and antineuritic vitamin.		1927	20474946
refection, a transmissible change in the intestinal content, enabling rats to grow and thrive without vitamin b in the food.		1927	20474955
the experimental prevention of stone in the bladder in rats.		1927	20773319
disseminated sclerosis: the rat as a possible carrier of infection.		1927	20773606
the oöcysts of a coccidium in the fæces of laboratory and wild rats.		1927	20910112
the effect of excessive radiation with ultra-violet light upon the growth of rats.		1927	16743808
the feeding of xanthophyll to rats on a diet deficient in vitamin a.		1927	16743826
a note on the weight of the rat during gestation.		1927	16743872
the physiological rôle of vitamin b. part iv: the relation of certain dietary factors in yeast to growth of rats on diets rich in proteins.		1927	16743881
the effect of adrenaline on ketosis in phloridzinised and normal rats.		1927	16743975
unilateral cryptorchism in a rat.		1927	17104150
the effect of alcohol on rats.		1927	17782470
thyroxin and coat color in dilute races of mice and rats.		1927	17810237
the chromosomes of the rat.		1927	17810394
the wild rat as a carrier of organisms of the paratyphoid-enteritidis group.		1927	18012286
the metabolism of liver tissue from rats of different ages.		1928	19872426
on the geotropic orientation of young mammals.	constants in equations of curves describing the geotropic orientation of young rats are repeatedly obtainable from litters of successive generations of the same inbred strains. different inbred strains have been obtained for which the respective constants are quite unlike. such findings show how necessary it is to employ biologically uniform material in experiments of this kind. and at the same time they are convenient as a starting point for genetic analysis.	1928	19872435
etiology of oroya fever : ix. bacterium peruvianum, n. sp., a secondary invader of the lesions of verruga peruana.	a minute, pleomorphic, motile, gram-negative bacterium has been isolated from two specimens of nodular tissue from human verruga. in films and sections of the original tissues the organism in question is difficult to distinguish from bartonella bacilliformis, with which it was associated, and even in pure culture it has a number of properties in common with that parasite. no sugars are fermented by it, it is an obligate aerobe, the optimum temperature for its growth is 25 degrees c., and it has ...	1928	19869395
compensatory hypertrophy of the lung after unilateral pneumectomy.	in the albino rat the removal of the left lung, which constitutes about one-third of the total lung tissue, is followed by an average increase of more than 40 per cent in the mass of the remaining lung, as estimated from the nitrogen content of the almost blood-free tissue.	1928	19869400
the influence of the adrenal glands on resistance : iii. susceptibility to histamine as a test of adrenal deficiency.	1. the resistance of rats to histamine is greatly diminished after adrenalectomy. 2. this susceptibility to histamine is proposed as a functional test for deficient adrenal cortex function.	1928	19869405
etiology of oroya fever : xi. comparison of bartonella bacilliformis and bartonella muris. cultivation of bacterium murium, n. sp.	bartonella muris appeared in the blood of all white rats, wild rats, chinese hamster, and mice, from which the spleen was removed, but did not appear in that of splenectomized monkeys, rabbits, or guinea pigs. it has not been possible to transmit b. muris to normal rats, monkeys, rabbits, or guinea pigs, by intraperitoneal, intradermal, or intravenous injection of blood containing b. muris from splenectomized rats. in two instances an acute orchitis was induced in normal rats by injection direct ...	1928	19869409
effect of liver and pituitary digests on the proliferation of sarcomatous fibroblasts of the rat.	1. a media containing all the essential constituents for the cultivation in vitro of sarcomatous fibroblasts of the rat has been prepared by digesting calf liver and also the anterior lobe of the pituitary body with pepsin. 2. the nutritive action of the pituitary digests is not altered by thorough extraction with ether. 3. after a pure strain of sarcomatous fibroblasts had been cultivated for 3 months in a liver digest, its proliferative activity was as great as at the beginning of the experime ...	1928	19869418
the use of histamine as a standard test for diminished resistance in suprarenalectomized rats.	of all the drugs thus far used in testing the resistance of suprarenalectomized rats, histamine has been found to be the most satisfactory. it is a readily obtainable and comparatively stable drug, producing characteristic symptoms. its m.l.d. for a given strain of rats can be established within narrow limits, and the difference between the m.l.d. for normal and suprarenalectomized rats is comparatively great (1:20).	1928	19869427
studies upon the physiological action of hematoporphyrin.	the results of these observations may be briefly summarized as follows: feeding of hematoporphyrin to white mice over long periods of time produced no apparent changes in these animals and had no effect upon their sensitivity to light. albino and slightly pigmented mice and rats injected with hematoporphyrin were protected from the rays of the sun by staining them a blue-black color with verhoeff's hematoxylin. the dioxyphenylalanine (dopa) reaction revealed no changes in the cutaneous pigment o ...	1928	19869433
immunological studies in relation to the suprarenal gland : i. hemolysin formation in normal rats.	hemolysin formation was studied in normal rats. it was found that a single intraperitoneal injection of 1 cc. of a 10 per cent suspension of red blood cells results in an optimum high hemolysin titer 5 days after injection. the titer gradually falls, the hemolysin disappearing from 14 to 18 days after the injection. larger amounts are less effective in the production of amboceptor. much smaller amounts produce correspondingly lower hemolysin titers, although the ratio is not mathematically propo ...	1928	19869439
immunological studies in relation to the suprarenal gland : ii. hemolysin formation in suprarenalectomized rats.	in a large series of suprarenalectomized rats, hemolysin formation, to a fixed amount of sheep cells injected intraperitoneally (1 cc. of a 10 per cent suspension), was studied 48 hours, 7, 14 and 28 days after operation. the hemolysin formation was studied in suprarenalectomized rats injected 2 weeks following the operation, with one-twentieth and ten times this amount. hemolysin formation in rats traumatized by tearing the perisuprarenal tissue and injected 2 weeks after the operation with 1 c ...	1928	19869440
photosensitization of animals after the ingestion of buckwheat.	the chief points presented in this paper are: 1. following the ingestion of buckwheat (plant or seed) varicolored guinea pigs, white swine and goats exhibited symptoms of photosensitization, the degree of sensitization being in the order given. 2. rabbits, dogs, white mice and rats did not manifest symptoms of photosensitization. 3. the symptoms and reactions were: agitation, itching, scratching of the ears, weakness, urticaria with sloughing and symptoms similar to those in anaphylaxis. 4. micr ...	1928	19869446
the regeneration of autoplastic lymph node transplants.	the reticulum plays an important part in the regeneration of lymph nodes autoplastically transplanted into the abdominal wall of the albino rat. the necrosis which follows transplantation involves mainly the lymphocytes. a margin of lymphocytes is preserved only at the periphery. this may be due to early lymphatic connection with the marginal sinus of the node. the reticulum cells are apparently more resistant since for the most part they do not degenerate. there are three possible origins of th ...	1928	19869459
the fundamental properties of the fibroblast and the macrophage : iii. the malignant fibroblast of sarcoma 10 of the crocker foundation.	1. a pure strain of fibroblasts has been isolated from sarcoma 10 of the crocker foundation. after about 16 months of life in vitro, the malignancy of the strain is as great as that of the original tumor. 2. the strain has been compared with a strain of normal rat fibroblasts. the malignant cells are generally larger, coarser, and more refringent than normal cells. they possess all the morphological characteristics of fibroblasts. they do not show any abnormalities and never degenerate and die. ...	1928	19869465
immunological studies in relation to the suprarenal gland : iii. the effect of injections of epinephrine on the hemolysin formation in normal rats.	the effect of subcutaneous injections of varying amounts of epinephrine on the hemolysin formation of normal adult albino rats was studied. in one group of experiments the rats received 0.4 mg. per kilo per day in two injections during 3 days prior and 4 days subsequent to the injection of sheep cells. another series received the same daily amounts but only during 4 days subsequent to the injection of antigen. a third series received the same daily amounts only during 1 day prior and 2 days subs ...	1928	19869479
the fundamental properties of the fibroblast and the macrophage : iv. the malignant fibroblast of jensen sarcoma.	1. a pure strain of fibroblasts has been isolated from the jensen rat sarcoma. the cells give rise to tumors on transplantation into animals and during several months of life in vitro have maintained their malignancy unchanged. 2. the malignant cells are generally coarser and more refringent than normal cells. they possess the cytological characteristics of fibroblasts without showing any morphological abnormality. they can be considered as healthy cells. the texture of their colonies is looser ...	1928	19869484
the transfer of rat anemia to normal animals.	fifty-eight white and hooded rats have been splenectomized and all of them have shown a more or less severe anemia and an infection of the red blood cells with bartonella muris. another strain of white rats obtained from littlestown showed no anemia and no bartonellas in the blood after splenectomy, until exposed to infected rats. others of these littlestown rats, kept in the laboratory for some time before operation and exposed to infected rats, came down with bartonella anemia within 6 days af ...	1928	19869499
nitrogen metabolism of normal and sarcomatous fibroblasts in pure cultures.	1. both normal and sarcomatous fibroblasts of the rat utilize many different fragments of the protein molecule for their growth in vitro. alpha and beta proteoses have approximately equal growth-promoting power. 2. a mixture of peptones, peptides, and amino acids, containing a negligible quantity of proteose, produces a temporary proliferation of normal fibroblasts, and an unlimited multiplication of sarcomatous fibroblasts, provided these substances are derived from liver which contains product ...	1928	19869502
the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever in its climatological relationship to a possible insect carrier.	a short while ago a special sub-committee of the british medical association [1] sat to inquire into the problem of rheumatic heart disease in children, and suggested, among other conclusions, that the material for any accurate world map of the incidence of rheumatism was probably not available. my objects in presenting this paper are:-(1) to provide data for this map.(2) to show that the geographical distribution of rheumatic fever coincides with that of the common rat flea, ceratophyllus fasci ...	1928	19986438
relation between the nature of the carbohydrate in the diet and refection in rats.		1928	20474970
the study of the effect of various agents, chiefly sunlight, upon the susceptibility of rachitic rats to infection.		1928	20316951
the calcium and phosphorus concentration in the intestinal contents of rats in relation to rickets.		1928	20317077
a case of rat-bite fever.		1928	20317082
a rat technique for demonstrating the interfering effect of cereals on bone calcification.		1928	16743983
the sexual glands and metabolism: the influence of lipoid extracts of the testes and prostate on the nitrogen metabolism of rabbits and on the development of the genital organs of rats.		1928	16744045
the sexual glands and metabolism: the influence of water-soluble testicular and prostatic extracts fractionated at various isoelectric points upon the nitrogen metabolism of rabbits and the development of the genital organs of rats.		1928	16744046
a critical examination of methods of evaluating vitamin a by means of the growth of rats.		1928	16744047
the dual nature of water-soluble vitamin b. ii: the effect upon young rats of vitamin b(2) deficiency and a method for the biological assay of vitamin b(2).		1928	16744083
vitamin a formation. the feeding of etiolated wheat shoots to rats kept in darkness.		1928	16744104