Publications

chromosomal polymorphism and somatic segregation in saimiri sciureus.	quinacrine (q) and giemsa (g) banding, and sister chromatid exchange (sce) studies have been carried out in saimiri sciureus. in one male and one female studied, the diploid number was 2n = 44 and the karyotype corresponded to that described for the geographical region of georgetown, guyana. in the second male three different cell lines were observed, one corresponding to the geographical region of leticia (colombia), another to the geographical location of iquitos (peru) and a third line with 4 ...	1979	118904
a prolonged hematopoietic disturbance associated with aortic aneurism and splenomegaly in a squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus). a case report.	in a squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus), monitored clinically for five years, histopathological review revealed diffuse lymphoblastic lymphocytes infiltrating the thyroid, kidney, liver, pancreas, adrenal medulla, internal fat, extramedullary hematopoietic foci in the spleen and liver, and a mild chronic peritonitis.	1979	120445
haematobium schistosomiasis in the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus).	the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) accommodates schistosoma haematobium moderately well. adults occur in the major viscera but the extent of tissue egg deposits and associated pathology is variable. pathologic involvement of the urogenital system occurs in a large proportion of hosts exposed to moderate to heavy infections, and bladder pathology is indicative of conditions associated with bladder carcinoma.	1979	120625
plasma carnitine and cholesterol levels in monkeys and pigeons: species/breed differences and the influence of gender and diet.	1. total plasma carnitine and cholesterol were studied in two breeds of pigeon and four species of sub-human primates. 2. the levels of plasma carnitine and cholesterol differed within species and between species and were influenced by diet and gender. 3. in the animals studied, pigeons had the highest levels of plasma carnitine (greater than 120 nm/ml) and squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) had the lowest levels (ca. 10 nm/ml). 4. linear regression analysis of plasma carnitine and cholesterol ...	1979	122572
the cingular vocalization pathway in the squirrel monkey.	in 39 squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus), the effects of various brain lesions on vocalizations elicited from the precallosal cingulate gyrus were tested. it was found that lesions abolishing the "cingular vocalization" completely can be traced from the stimulation site continuously down to the laryngeal motoneurons in the nucleus ambiguus. the pathway thus determined (fig. 4) travels from the precallosal cingulate gyrus through the frontal white matter and enters the internal capsule from a do ...	1979	105921
physical growth and brain development of captive-bred male and female squirrel monkeys, saimiri sciureus.	the physical growth and brain development of the captive bred male and female squirrel monkeys have shown that the male grows at a significantly faster rate with respect to these parameters in the postnatal life, starting from preweaning stage as compared to the female infant. during the prenatal life the male and the female fetuses grow at similar rates and show comparable brain development as indicated by its weight.	1979	105925
circadian control of thermoregulation in the squirrel monkey, saimiri sciureus.	the characteristics and control of the circadian rhythms of core body temperature (colonic) and skin temperature (tail) were studied in chair-acclimatized squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). when animals were entrained to a light-dark cycle (12 h 600 lx; 12 h less than 1 lx) these two temperatures displayed prominent, reproducible, tightly coupled circadian rhythms. in contsant light of 600 lx, where no other effective circadian time cues were present, both temperature rhythms persisted with fr ...	1979	106737
benign prostatic hyperplasia in a squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus).	benign prostatic hyperplasia was diagnosed at necropsy in a middle-aged squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus). grossly, the prostate gland was asymmetrically enlarged and had an irregular surface. microscopically, both cystic glandular hyperplasia and fibromuscular, nodular hyperplasia were identified.	1979	92596
an anatomical investigation of the corticopontaine projection in the primate (macaca fascicularis and saimiri sciureus)--ii. the projection from frontal and parental association areas.		1979	113692
calcification of thymic hassal's corpuscles in prenatal and postnatal nonhuman primates.	calcification of thymic hassal's corpuscles was found in three prematurely delivered fetuses, one each of the species papio papio, macaca mulatta, and saimiri sciureus. the cause of these lesions was not determined.	1980	7464030
microwaves modify thermoregulatory behavior in squirrel monkey.	squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) trained to regulate environmental temperature (ta) behaviorally were exposed in the far field of a horn antenna to ten-minute periods of 2,450 mhz cw microwaves. incident power density ranged from 1 to 22 mw/cm2. the corresponding specific absorption rate (sar), derived from temperature increments in saline-filled styrofoam models, ranged from 0.15 to 3.25 w/kg. controls included exposure to infrared radiation equivalent incident energy and no radiation exposu ...	1980	7284012
effect of off-vertical tilt and macular ablation on postrotatory nystagmus in the squirrel monkey.	the slow phase eye velocity (spev) and duration of post-rotatory nystagmus (prn) were studied in squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) after a ramp speed rotation (0-200 degrees/sec, with 1 degree/sec2 angular acceleration). when the results were compared between straight upright vertical rotation, 9 degrees tilt rotation, and 18 degrees tilt rotation, faster decay both in spev and in duration was found in the tilt rotation situations. difference in nystagmic decay curves by tilting rotation axis ...	1980	6108673
pulvinar neuron responses to spontaneous and trained eye movements and to light flashes in squirrel monkeys.	single unit responses were recorded in the pulvinar nucleus of the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) while awake and alert, with the head fixed but free to make eye movements. peri-saccadic time histograms revealed only post-saccadic responses to eye movements made spontaneously in the dark or in a uniformly illuminated field (ganzfeld), or to trained eye movements made in response to a spot of light in the periphery. of 120 pulvinar neurons that responded to eye movements in the light, approxi ...	1980	6159157
antiviral cell-mediated immune responses and effect of chromosome polymorphism in herpesvirus saimiri-infected monkeys.	herpesvirus saimiri is a horizontally transmitted virus of squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) which, when inoculated into owl monkeys (aotus trivirgatus), induces fatal malignant lymphoma in 75 to 80% of the animals. previous immunological and virological studies have not indicated why 20 to 25% of inoculated owl monkeys develop a chronic, disease-free h. saimiri infection. in the present study, we examined two parameters to explain why certain owl monkeys are resistant to h. saimiri-induced di ...	1980	6247277
isolation and characterization of a cytomegalovirus from the salivary gland of a squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus).		1980	6253743
a light and electron microscopic study of the inferior olivary nucleus of the squirrel monkey, saimiri sciureus.	this study provides a description of the normal morphology of the inferior olive of the squirrel monkey, saimiri sciureus, at the light and electron imcroscopic level. the cytoarchitecture of the inferior olive was maped from serial transverse sections stained with cresyl violet. in common with other mammals, the inferior olive of the squirrel monkey consists of three subdivisions. the medial accessory olive includes seven subnuclei. both the dorsal and medial accessory olives extend through app ...	1980	6766143
vasomotor thresholds in the squirrel monkey: effects of central and peripheral temperature.	six squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) participated in two ex,eriments examining how central (preoptic/anterior hypothalamic, tpo) and peripheral (ambient, ta, or mean skin, tsk) temperatures influence peripheral vasomotion. in the first experiment, four monkeys with unilateral preoptic thermodes were exposed to a wide range of central (23 degrees c less than tpo less than 44 degrees c) and peripheral (10 degrees c less than ta less than 38 degrees c) temperatures. results indicated that the sk ...	1980	6766436
reinnervation of the olfactory bulb after section of the olfactory nerve in monkey (saimiri sciureus).	section of the fila olfactoria in squirrel monkey, a non-human primate, induces rapid degeneration of the sensory axon terminals in the olfactory bulb glomeruli. a population of axons, from newly formed sensory neurons in the olfactory neuroepithelium, regrow, passes the lamina cribrosa and, upon reaching the olfactory bulb, reinnervates the glomeruli. a new set of synaptic contacts is reformed between the sensory terminals and the post-synaptic dendritic processes of the glomeruli. our observat ...	1980	6768424
relationships between cholesterol gallstones, biliary function, and plasma lipoproteins in squirrel monkeys.	we used squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) as models to investigate human sex differences in susceptibility to cholesterol gallstones, biliary function, and plasma lipoproteins. cholesterol gallstones developed in a large proportion of intact and gonadectomized male and female brazilian monkeys maintained on a lithogenic diet, but male bolivian monkeys were completely resistant. although the gallbladder bile of nearly all monkeys was saturated with cholesterol, the bile of the bolivian monkeys ...	1980	6771347
bacteriological findings in a nonhuman primate colony.	a 5-year review (march 1974-march 1979) of bacteriological findings in old and new world primates is discussed. emphasis is on clinical findings in "sick" animals; the primary clinical problems being pneumonia, tuberculosis, intestinal disorders, and trauma infection. the isolation of infrequently encountered pathogenic organisms is discussed. nonhuman primtes included in this study are baboons (papio cynocephalus), chimpanzees (pan sp.), capuchins (cebus sp.), rhesus (macaca mulatta), marmoset ...	1980	6772506
vital statistics from a laboratory breeding colony of squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus).	an analysis of 512 pregnancies that occurred over a 9-year period in a laboratory colony of squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) revealed yeat-to-year variation in pregnancy outcome and birth weight. although births occurred through the year, 72% were between may and august. male infants outnumbered females 1.31:1 and were heavier at birth. birth weight was an important determinant of infant survival. maternal age did not affect birth weight in this sample. dams present in the colony for long per ...	1980	6772879
cultivation in vitro of the quartan malaria parasite plasmodium inui.	the simian guartan malaria parasite plasmodium inui (os strain) was cultured in a continuous flow system with rhesus monkey erythrocytes and rpmi 1640nmedium supplemented with hepes buffer and rhesus serum. over a 10-week period, the growth of the parasite permitted a 61,000-fold cumulative dilution of the original inoculum. after 5 weeks in culture, the parasites were still infective to the monkey saimiri sciureus and to anopheles freeborni mosquitoes.	1980	6773146
ultrastructure of merkel cells in the hard palate of the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus).	the distribution and ultrastructure of merkel cells in the hard palate was investigated in the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) after fixation by vascular perfusion. merkel cells were clustered at the base of the epithelial rete pegs of the hard palate. they were characterized by concentrations of dense-cored granules and closely associated intraepithelial nerve endings. numerous spiny processes extending from the merkel cell were intercalated with adjacent keratinocytes, probably serving to d ...	1980	6773408
specific anti-marmoset t-cell globulin: cytotoxic and mitogenic properties.	a virus-transformed marmoset lymphoblastoid cell line (lcl) with t-cell characteristics was used for the production of rabbit anti-marmoset t-cell globulin (ramtg). exhaustive absorption of the crude antiserum with kidney-liver homogenate and pooled marmoset b-lcl yielded a t-cell-specific antibody. specificity of the absorbed ramtg was evidenced by plateau formation in the cytotoxic activity on marmoset peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) and clear discrimination between marmoset t-lcl and b-lcl ...	1980	6773607
oral transmission of kuru, creutzfeldt-jakob disease, and scrapie to nonhuman primates.	kuru and creutzfeldt-jakob disease of humans and scrapie disease of sheep and goats were transmitted to squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) that were exposed to the infectious agents only by their nonforced consumption of known infectious tissues. the asymptomatic incubation period in the one monkey exposed to the virus of kuru was 36 months; that in the two monkeys exposed to the virus of creutzfeldt-jakob disease was 23 and 27 months, respectively; and that in the two monkeys exposed to the vi ...	1980	6997404
adaptation of cultured plasmodium falciparum to the intact squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus).		1980	7003834
three dimensional structure of the suprachiasmatic nuclei in the diurnal squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus).	in the squirrel monkey the suprachiasmatic nuclei (scn) play a major role in the neural control of circadian physiology. functional specificity within these nuclei has been suggested by the finding that subtotal lesions destroying only the posterior portion of the scn altered the saliency of certain external stimuli as zeitgebers. computer assisted histological analyses of the three dimensional (3-d) morphology of the scn reveal a concomitant heterogeneity of structure between the rostral versus ...	1980	7052475
experimental infection of the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) with plasmodium falciparum.	seventy-six squirrel monkeys, saimiri sciureus, caught in guyana and french guiana, were examined for their susceptibility to infection with a strain of plasmodium falciparum. twenty-nine serial transfers were performed, both in splenectomized and intact animals. after a period of "adaptation," the strain became more virulent for the squirrel monkey and high parasitemias were obtained in splenectomized animals. frequently, such infections led to the death of infected animals. in intact squirrel ...	1980	7012286
developmental body of composition of the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus).	the longitudinal growth of 69 newborn squirrel monkeys fed control semipurified diets from birth as well as the developmental chemical analysis of 51 carcasses is reported. males were significantly heavier than females at birth and every age thereafter. exponential curves fitted to the first two years of life in each sex showed that age and weight were highly correlated (r2 = 0.999). therefore, the four major carcass components (water, protein, fat and ash) were expressed as a function of a sing ...	1980	7227841
age at first pregnancy and reproductive outcome among colony-born squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus, brazilian).	in a colony of squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) of brazilian origin, 40% of all first pregnancies occurred among females aged 3.5-4 years; 57% of all first pregnancies occurred between the ages of 3.5 and 5 years while 62% occurred between the ages of 2.5 and 4 years. a total of 79% of all first pregnancies occurred among females between the ages of 2.5 and 5 years. 70% of all first pregnancies and 67% of all second pregnancies were unsuccessful. females with unsuccessful first pregnancies we ...	1980	7419136
effect of folic acid supplementation on pregnancy in the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus).	supplementation of squirrel monkeys with folic acid improved hematologic and folate status, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, and infant birth weight. thus the folate content in the stock diet (1.4 microgram/g) did not meet the requirement for pregnancy. low plasma vitamin b12 values suggest that vitamin b12 in the stock diet (22 ng/g) also was not adequate. changes with folic acid supplementation are similar to those for human subjects, indicating that the squirrel monkey is an appropriate ...	1980	7431379
normal erythrocytic delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in ten nonhuman primate species.	normal data on erythrocytic delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (alad) activity were obtained from ten species of nonhuman primates: tupaia glis, galago crassicaudatus, saimiri sciureus, papio spp., theropithecus gelada, macaca mulatta, macaca fascicularis, macaca nigra, hylobates lar entelloides and pan troglodytes. significant differences between species were observed with m. mulatta having the lowest activity and g. crassicaudatus the highest. pan troglodytes and papio spp. have levels of e ...	1980	7441716
cephalhematomas due to suspected ascorbic acid deficiency in young squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus).	a clinical description and discussion of eight cases of cephalhematomas in young squirrel monkeys suspected of being ascorbic acid-deficient is presented.	1980	7441718
frontal cell activity during delayed response performance in squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus).		1980	7443813
skull fractures in infant squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus).	skull fractures resulting from trauma and leading to hemorrhage in the subdural area and brain parenchymal have been a common cause of neonatal mortality in a breeding colony of squirrel monkeys. the skull fractures may have been caused by abnormal carrying behavior by the dam or by the dam being frightened while cradling the infant during nursing.	1980	7464026
flexible fiberoptic proctoscopy compared with fecal examination techniques for diagnosis of prosthenorchis infection in squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus).	using flexible fiberoptic proctoscopy, diagnosis of prosthenorchis infection in 17 squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) was correct 100% of the time. fecal examination by formalin-ether sedimentation and sodium nitrate flotation were 68% and 10% diagnostically correct, respectively.	1980	7464027
congenital defects of squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus).	nine congenital defects were seen in six animals during necropsies of 27 aborted or stillborn and 25 neonatal squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) during a two-year period. the defects were left diaphragmatic hypoplasia with herniation; right renal aplasia in conjunction with a right cleft lip and primary palate; supernumerary left kidney; skeletal defects, hydrocephalus, and thyroid anomalies consistent with the campomelic syndrome; atresia ani; and ultimobranchial gland remnants. the high incid ...	1981	7467070
the origin of forebrain afferents to the habenula in rat, cat and monkey.	injections of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) involving the entire habenular complex in rat, cat and squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) label (1) numerous cells in anterior lateral hypothalamic area, (2) a moderate number of cells in lateral preoptic area, substantia innominata, nucleus of diagonal band and postcommissural septum, and (3) a few cells in medial hypothalamus, ipsilaterally, in all three species. some labeled cells also occur in corresponding regions contralaterally. the contribution ...	1981	7470948
yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection: study of an epizootic in squirrel monkeys.	an epizootic of an acutely fatal enteric disease in a colony of squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) was attributed to infection by yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype iii. of a total adult population of 96 animals at risk, there were six fatal cases of yersiniosis. serological evaluation of the colony just after the outbreak ended revealed that 22 of 60 monkeys tested (37%) had significant antibody to y. pseudotuberculosis (microagglutination titer of greater than or equal to 1:80) but did not ...	1981	7240387
atypical mycobacteria as the probable cause of positive tuberculin reactions in squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus).	three of 275 squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) demonstrated a positive reaction to koch's old tuberculin within 72 hours after the test. the animals were again positive when retested 1 week later. two of the monkeys were killed and necropsied. there was no gross nor histologic evidence of tuberculosis. organisms were cultured from liver, spleen, and mediastinal lymph node. these were identified as runyon group ii mycobacteria, mycobacteria gordoneae.	1981	7265910
subspecies differences in curiosity and general activity for developing squirrel monkeys.	curiosity and general activity characteristics in different squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) phenotypes were assessed. ten infant squirrel monkeys, representing 2 subspecies (bolivian and colombian) and both genders, were observed on 4 testing sessions during which novel and familiar objects were presented to each subject. no consistent object-contact differences were found between subspecies or genders, but significant subspecies differences were found for the amount of time during each trial ...	1981	7274577
a golgy study of cellular morphology in the superficial layers of superior colliculus man, saimiri, and macaca.	this is the first published account of a golgi study of cellular morphology in the superficial layers of the superior colliculi of the squirrel monkey, saimiri sciureus, the rhesus monkey, macaca mulatta, and man. the data demonstrates that the basic structure of the superficial laminae of the superior colliculus are essentially similar in all three species. the superficial portion of the primate colliculus is divided into three clearly defined zones: a zone of horizontal cells, a zone of vertic ...	1981	7276538
quantitative assessment of muscular hypertonia resulting from cortical lesions in primates.	the effects of various cerebral cortical lesions on motor function and in particular on muscle tone have been studied quantitatively in the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) in an attempt to define the cause of muscular hypertonia and to develop a reliable model for human cerebral spasticity. unilateral ablation of the primary motor area (mi), either alone or together with the supplementary motor area (mii), produced a contralateral hemiparesis especially marked for fine motor tasks, but did no ...	1981	7279172
ascites production in the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus).	a method is described for inducing the production of large amounts of ascitic fluid (af) in the squirrel monkey saimiri sciureus. the total amount of protein in the induced af is close to 60% of that in the serum. electrophoretic analysis of serum and af samples from the same monkey revealed similar protein patterns, including gamma globulins. antibody titers against plasmodium falciparum in infected monkeys, measured by indirect immunofluorescence, were also comparable in serum and af.	1981	7021692
analysis of amphetamine effects on agonistic and affiliative behavior in squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus).	two series of experiments were performed to differentiate the effects of d-amphetamine on social interactions from those on solitary motor behavior in adult and juvenile squirrel monkeys. in the first experiment, d-amphetamine (3x0.5 mg/kg, po) induced pronounced stereotyped movements of the head, limbs and torso. when confronted in the colony room with an intruder monkey, the amphetamine-treated resident monkey showed reduced threat and attack behavior. in a separate test for affiliation, amphe ...	1981	7195582
biphasic locomotor response to intra-accumbens dopamine in a nonhuman primate.	locomotor activity of ten squirrel monkeys, saimiri sciureus, was evaluated by means of a photocell activity cage following intracranial application of dopamine (da). a biphasic response consisting of an initial quiet period followed by increased locomotor activity was seen following intra-accumbens da, 12.5--100 micrograms bilaterally. both the length of the quiet phase and intensity of locomotor activity were positively related to da dose. intra-caudate da (50 micrograms) was significantly les ...	1981	7198267
simian liver alcohol dehydrogenase: isolation and characterization of isoenzymes from saimiri sciureus.	the alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) of squirrel monkey liver can be purified and separated into pyrazole-insensitive and pyrazole-sensitive isoenzymes by affinity chromatography. this is the first demonstration of two functionally distinct classes of adh in a species other than man. the inhibition of the two enzyme fractions by 4-methylpyrazole is analogous to that observed for the corresponding isoenzymes of human liver. similarly, the substrate specificity of the pyrazole-insensitive form is more ...	1981	7011375
osteosarcoma of the tibia in a squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus).		1981	6951325
effects of environmental factors and exogenous gonadotropin treatment on interanimal distance and successful breeding in a squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) colony.		1981	6790387
preliminary observations on habitat utilization and diet in eight surinam monkeys.	the eight monkey species occurring in surinam were studied in the raleigh-vallen-voltzberg nature reserve along the coppename river. special emphasis was placed on determining how these eight species divide up available habitat and food resources within a 300-ha study area. cebus apella apella is probably the most adaptable of the surinam monkeys. it was found mainly in the understory and lower to middle parts of the canopy of all five forest types (high rain forest, low rain forest, mountain sa ...	1981	6802728
infection in rhesus (macaca mulatta) and squirrel (saimiri sciureus) monkeys due to mycobacterium tuberculosis phage type b. outbreak in a primate colony.		1981	6808137
regional segregation of neurons responding to quickly adapting, slowly adapting, deep and pacinian receptors within thalamic ventroposterior lateral and ventroposterior inferior nuclei in the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus).		1981	6267512
congenital cytomegalovirus effects on postnatal neurological development of squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) offspring.		1981	6273205
urinary excretion of catecholamines in the night monkey (aotus trivirgatus) (primates, cebidae).	a seasonal variation in the urinary catecholamines output has been demonstrated in two simians kept under constant ambient conditions : the nocturnal aotus and the diurnal saïmiri sciureus. in aotus, catecholamines output (na + a), in spring, is higher than in other primates including man and even more so in winter. cold exposure increases the na + a excretion in aotus as it does in squirrel monkey and rat but the a output is particularly prominent in saïmiri. fasting does not alter significantl ...	1981	6174092
circadian rhythm of body temperature persists after suprachiasmatic lesions in the squirrel monkey.	squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) demonstrate prominent circadian (approx 24 h) rhythms in many behavioral and physiological variables including drinking and body temperature. both of these rhythms can be entrained by a 24-h light-dark cycle (ld 12:12) but will free-run with an endogenous period in a constantly illuminated (ll:600 lx) environment free of time cues. after radio-frequency lesions were placed stereotaxically in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (scn) of five monkeys, the circadian rhyth ...	1981	7304784
clinical laboratory studies on blood properties of squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus).		1981	7321295
some experiences of captive breeding of squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus).		1981	7321299
methyl mercury binding substances from the brain of experimentally exposed squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus).	squirrel monkeys were given a single subtoxic dose of 203hg-labelled methyl mercuric hydroxide. after three weeks the brains were dissected out, homogenized and separated into particulate and soluble fractions by ultracentrifugation. the soluble fractions were further separated into high molecular weight and low molecular weight components by ultrafiltration. the major part (75%) of the radioactivity was associated with the particulate fraction while high molecular weight compounds in the solubl ...	1981	7336973
renal disease in squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus).	renal lithiasis, pyelonephritis, and glomerulonephritis were common in our colony of brazilian phenotype squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus), with glomerulonephritis being a major cause of mortality in adult animals. squirrel monkey glomerulonephritis was divided into four major classifications, based on light and electron microscopy, similar to those of man: focal sclerosing glomerulonephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis, and a combination of membran ...	1981	7344246
demodicosis of ophthalmic concern.	hair-follicle mites are the only metazoan organism commonly found in the pilosebaceous components of the eyelid of man. our study showed that demodex folliculorum in all stages is found in the small hair follicles and the eyelash hair follicles. this species, in adult and immature forms, consumes epithelial cells, produces follicular distension and hyperplasia, and increases keratinization leading, in eyelashes, to cuffing consisting of keratin and lipid moieties. demodex brevis (in all stages) ...	1981	7211994
responses of single cells in the medial geniculate body of awake squirrel monkeys.	response properties of 142 medial geniculate (mgb) cells were investigated in the awake and undrugged squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus). using jordan's (1973) parcellation of this complex nucleus, cells were assigned to 3 major subdivisions a, b and c mgb and compared for their general characteristics and response properties. b mbg cells had significantly higher rates of spontaneous firing and longer latency periods than a and c mgb cells. with regard to responsiveness to various auditory stimu ...	1981	7215486
abnormal behaviors in nursery-reared squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus).	seventeen squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus), 11 nursery-reared and six mother-reared, were monitored to clarify the type and degree of deviant behaviors that result from rearing this species in the nursery. two observation periods were used: the first when the subjects averaged 6.7 months of age, the second when they averaged 15.5 months. thirteen activities involving variations of nonnutritive orality, stereotypic posturing, and agitated behaviors were seen in the nursery-reared subjects, but ...	1981	31995943
prenatal ionizing irradiaton and early postnatal growth of colombian and bolivian squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus).	fetal squirrel monkeys of bolivian and colombian origin were exposed to 100 rad cobalt-60 radiation in utero and carried to term by the dams. body weight, head circumference, crown-rump length, and food intake were measured during the first 28 postnatal days. significant subspecies differences were noted in both mothers and offspring, the colombian squirrel monkeys being generally larger than the bolivians. the irradiated offspring weighed significantly less, had significantly smaller crania, an ...	1981	31995909
repeated separations of 2-year-old squirrel monkeys from familiar mother surrogates.	six squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) during their first year of life were isolated and repeatedly separated from cloth mother surrogates. subsequently, they were returned to the colony for 1 year and received visual access to normally reared squirrel monkeys. at 2 years of age, the surrogates were reintroduced to the monkeys under conditions identical to those of their first year through cycles of separation and reunion of the surrogate. these monkeys displayed increased high-energy activity, ...	1982	31991991
responsiveness of adult squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) to mother-infant separation.	this study tested the responsiveness of adult male squirrel monkeys living with mother-infant dyads to various conditions of mother-infant separation. during each of the five weekly experimental 30-minute sessions, as well as during undisturbed basal conditions, the behavioral and hormonal responses of five adult males were assessed. the results indicated that only one experimental condition-that involving the actual manipulation of the separated infant during the test session-produced behaviora ...	1982	31991990
a fatal epizootic of undetermined etiology in new world monkeys.	a peracute epizootic disease, strikingly characterized by profuse terminal hemorrhaging from the lungs, caused the deaths of 104 squirrel monkeys and 3 capuchin monkeys over a 22-month period. the case fatality rate was 100%. the pulmonary hemorrhaging was often accompanied by pulmonary edema and congestion, interstitial pneumonia, and hydrothorax. additional histologic lesions included interstitial nephritis, hepatitis and hepatic necrosis, adrenalitis and adrenal necrosis, myocarditis, splenic ...	1982	31991987
nonhuman primate in vitro fertilization: seasonality, cumulus cells, cyclic nucleotides, ribonucleic acid, and viability assays.	since establishing our squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) in vitro fertilization (ivf) system in 1972, 1788 oocytes have been laparoscopically recovered from follicles with 669 matured and 332 fertilized. oocyte maturation was higher (p less than 0.05) from march to june. among the oocytes, 50% showed first polar body extrusion by 21 hours after recovery. maturation was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in oocytes with corona radiata cells, compared with denuded oocytes. sperm motility stu ...	1982	6182031
protective antibodies against erythrocytic stages of plasmodium falciparum in experimental infection of the squirrel monkey, saimiri sciureus.	serum and ascitic fluid from squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) inoculated with erythrocytic stages of plasmodium falciparum were collected at different periods of the infection. protection against p. falciparum was achieved by passive transfer of the sera or fluid recovered from animals after spontaneous or drug-induced cure. purified immunoglobulins from the ascitic fluid also conferred protection. in contrast, protective antibodies directed against erythrocytic stages of p. falciparum could ...	1982	6185908
chromosomal analyses after in vitro fertilization of squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) oocytes.	the effect of 1 microm dibutyril camp (camp media) on the chromosomal normality of in vitro fertilized squirrel monkey oocytes was examined. a total of 877 oocytes were collected laparoscopically 15-16 h after hcg injection from hormonally-induced follicles of 65 squirrel monkeys. of these, 330 (37.6%) were prepared between 6 and 30 h after insemination and analyzed. sperm penetration and the presence of a swollen sperm head in the ooplasm were observed by 6 h, and the nucleate stage by 10 h. ad ...	1982	6282350
coxsackievirus b4 nephritis in the squirrel monkey.	seventeen squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) were experimentally infected with coxsackievirus b4, and the kidneys, as well as other organs, were studied for pathological changes induced by the virus. seven (41%) of these monkeys developed renal lesions--interstitial and glomerular. the coxsackievirus was identified in 4 of these 7 monkeys (by isolation from the renal tissue in 2, by immunofluorescence staining of viral antigen in 1, and by electron microscopic finding of viral particles in 1). ...	1982	6295434
[lymphocyte heterogeneity of the t system: characterization of an allotypic antiserum recognizing a sub-species antigenic determinant in non-human primates].	to determine the membrane properties in t-lymphocyte population from saguinus primates or lymphoblastoid cell lines of the same origin, an allotypic antiserum was prepared inoculating two saguinus illigeri with 3.5 x 10(10) viable 70n2 cells obtained in-vitro, from a lymphoma induced by inoculation of herpesvirus saimiri in a saguinus oedipus. the 70n2 cells carried the virus genome in an episomal way; it did not produce infectious virus and it formed spontaneous rosettes (99%) with sheep erythr ...	1982	6086023
[infection of new world primates with junin virus: iii. saimiri sciureus].		1982	6302438
congenital trypanosoma cruzi infection in a laboratory-born squirrel monkey, saimiri sciureus.	a colombian phenotype, laboratory-born squirrel monkey, saimiri sciureus, was found to be congenitally infected with biologically proven trypanosoma cruzi. the parasite was observed in blood smears and by xenodiagnoses of the mother and the offspring, and the isolates produced infection in mice and amastigotes in vero tissue culture cells. the finding was accidental; both animals were healthy. tissues of the mother did not show macro-microscopic evidence of t. cruzi infection and the electrocard ...	1982	6812444
chemotherapy of filariasis in squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus).	the effect of some known antifilarial drugs on naturally-occurring filariae in squirrel monkeys, saimiri sciureus, was evaluated. four drugs, dithiazanine iodide, naphuride sodium, thiacetarsamide sodium, and diethylcarbamazine were tested against dipetalonema gracile and tetrapetalonema marmosetae. dipetalonema caudispina was included in some of the studies using diethylcarbamazine. these are the three most commonly encountered filarial species in squirrel monkeys. dithiazanine iodide proved to ...	1982	6890602
genetically determined antigens of squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) igg.	alloantigens of squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) igg were studied using alloantisera prepared by cross-immunizations among four subspecies. the results demonstrated the occurrence of igg antigenic polymorphism. three distinct fd fragment allotypes were detected. greater alloantigenic complexity occurred among colombian and peruvian squirrel monkeys, which occupy the more central regions of the geographic range; bolivian and guyanan monkeys, which occupy the extremes of the range, expressed les ...	1982	6153016
serum estradiol 17 beta, progesterone, and relative luteinizing hormone levels in saimiri sciureus: cyclic variations and the effect of laparoscopy and follicular aspiration.	with increasing use of the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) in reproductive studies, a precise knowledge of the hormonal variations within the cycle becomes essential for timing of ovulation. the frequent utilization of laparoscopy for follicle aspiration and oocyte recovery warrants analysis of hormonal alterations. in the first study, estradiol 17 beta, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone (lh) levels were quantitated daily in the same group of 14 animals for 16 days. serum estradiol and lh ...	1982	6153019
anterograde and retrograde degenerative reactions in caudate nucleus and putamen after experimental lesion of the pallidum in squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus).	after stereotactic lesions in the pallidum in 4 squirrel monkeys, electron microscopic material from the striatum was examined for anterograde and retrograde degenerative changes. in the experiment with pallidum internum lesion, only degenerated striatal fibers were observed, more than likely thalamostriatal fibers that pass through the site of the lesion. the three experiments with pallidum externum lesion revealed that the two types of striatal aspiny neurons react with a penumbral degeneratio ...	1982	6751014
kinetics of the humoral immune response to blood-induced falciparum malaria in the squirrel monkey saimiri sciureus.	twenty squirrel monkeys were inoculated with the palo alto (fup) strain of plasmodium falciparum and treated with quinine one or two weeks after inoculation. antibody production, measured by the ifa technique, closely followed the appearance of parasites in the blood, rose to a maximum in about two to three weeks, stayed at this level for one to two months and then declined progressively. igm antibodies appeared faster than any other class of antibody and at two weeks of infection represented 50 ...	1982	6760796
the squirrel monkey: receptor-mediated end-organ resistance to progesterone?	fertile females of a new world primate species, the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus), have plasma progesterone concentrations that vary between 57 and 510 ng/ml during the reproductive cycle and are 10- to 20-fold higher than those seen in cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) and other old world primates, including man. the plasma progesterone level during pregnancy is high and varies between 140 and 490 ng/ml. estradiol levels during the reproductive cycle and pregnancy are also higher th ...	1982	7200992
amygdalar vocalization pathways in the squirrel monkey.	in 22 squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) vocalization-eliciting electrodes were implanted into the amygdala and along the trajectory of the stria terminalis. then, lesions were placed in the stria terminalis, its bed nucleus, the ventral amygdalofugal pathway and several di- and mesencephalic structures in order to find out the pathways along which the amygdala exerts its vocalization-controlling influence. it was found that different call types are controlled by different pathways. purring and ...	1982	7049320
time relations of squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) sperm capacitation and ovum maturation in an in-vitro fertilization system.	first polar body expulsion in the squirrel monkey ovum occurred at an average of 13.1 h after hcg injection when observed in culture but could occur as early as 5 h after hcg. the mean time for extrusion of the second polar body was 4.7 h after insemination of the culture with freshly ejaculated spermatozoa (16.3 h after hcg). the earliest time, and therefore also that of sperm capacitation, was 2 h after insemination. first cleavage occurred 16.2 h after insemination.	1982	7054489
cortical lesion effects and vocalization in the squirrel monkey.	the effects of bilateral destruction of the cortical face area, anterior and posterior supplementary motor area and anterior cingular cortex on spontaneous vocalization were studied in 16 squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). each type of lesion was made in two groups of two animals each. both animals of a group received the same type of lesion at the same day. each group was recorded for 10 sessions of one hour before operation and 10 sessions after operation. pre- and post-operative vocalizatio ...	1982	7059813
distribution of 25-hydroxycholesterol in plasma lipoproteins and its role in atherogenesis. a study in squirrel monkeys.	oxidation products of cholesterol have been shown to be potent inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis and also highly toxic to cultured aortic smooth muscle cells. in rabbit experiments, these compounds produced arterial injury resulting in arteriosclerosis. purified cholesterol only minimally inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis and had no effect on cultured aortic smooth muscle cells. this raises the possibility that plasma lipoproteins containing beta-apoprotein (i.e. ldl and vldl), which are c ...	1982	7066085
vestibular ganglion of the squirrel monkey.	the vestibular ganglia of adult squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) were studied with the aid of light and electron microscopy. the vestibular ganglia are formed by small and large neurons (perikarya). the perikarya's outermost surface is surrounded by 2-20 lamellae of compact myelin. the compact myelin sheath varies its thickness around one perikaryon. the sheath generally thins out i the vicinity of the axon hillock. occasionally, the compact myelin transforms completely into loose myelin for ...	1982	7073176
statistical discrimination among vocalizations of individual squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus).	discriminant analysis was used to distinguish statistically between the chuck vocalizations of individual squirrel monkeys. a unique combination of values of six structural parameters characterized the chucks of each of 5 individuals, permitting reliable identification of sources of chuck vocalizations on the basis of chuck structures alone. certain parameters were found to be nearly invariant within individual monkeys, while others were quite variable within and between individuals. we propose ...	1982	7076057
adjustments in metabolic heat production by squirrel monkeys exposed to microwaves.	squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) were exposed in the far field of a horn antenna to both brief (10-min) and prolonged (90-min) periods of 2,450-mhz continuous microwaves. ambient temperature (ta) was constant at 15, 20, or 25 degrees c. microwave power density ranged from 2.5 to 10 mw/cm2, representing a range of whole-body energy absorption from 0.4 to 1.5 w/kg. reliable reductions in metabolic heat production (m), calculated from oxygen deficit in the monkey's expired air, were initiated at ...	1982	7085406
afferents to the cortical larynx area in the monkey.	in 3 squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) horseradish peroxidase was injected into the cortical larynx area within the lower sensorimotor face cortex. retrogradely labeled cells were found in a continuous band extending all along the upper bank of the sylvian fissure from broca's area rostrally to the parietal association cortex (area 7) caudally. in addition, labeled cells were found in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, orbital cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus, supplementary motor area, insul ...	1982	7093697
time sequence of in vitro maturation and chromosomal normality in metaphase i and metaphase ii of the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) oocyte.		1982	7115845
occlusal variation related to soft diet in a nonhuman primate.	among 43 squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) raised either on naturally tough or on artificially soft foods, there are significant differences in occlusal features. animals raised on soft foods show more rotated and displaced teeth, crowded premolars, and absolutely and relatively narrower dental arches. dietary consistency may be a determinant of occlusal health.	1982	7123221
organization of efferent projections from the internal segment of globus pallidus in primate as revealed by fluorescence retrograde labeling method.	the exact cellular origin and the degree of collateralization of the major efferent projections from the internal segment of globus pallidus (gpi) in squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) were studied using evans blue (eb) and a mixture of dapi-primuline (dp) as retrograde fluorescent tracers. after the concomitant injection of eb in va/vl thalamic nuclei and of dp in habenula on the same side, numerous eb-labeled cells were found in the central portion of gpi compared to a much smaller number of d ...	1982	7127069
complement levels in the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus).		1982	7144111
[seasonal changes and reproductive cycle of the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus)].		1982	7158374
acute disseminated fatal toxoplasmosis in a squirrel monkey.	acute disseminated toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in an adult male squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus). the disease was characterized by severe pulmonary edema, diffuse interstitial pneumonia, and multifocal areas of necrosis along with toxoplasma organisms in the lungs, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, adrenal glands, and heart. small numbers of organisms were found in bone marrow, renal glomeruli, and renal tubular epithelial and interstitial cells. small numbers of organisms also were associated with ...	1982	7174461
tetrapetalonema (t.) colombiensis sp. n. (nematoda: filarioidea) from colombian primates.	tetrapetalonema (t.) colombiensis sp. n., a filarial nematode from the subcutaneous and intermuscular connective tissues of squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) and tufted ringtail monkeys (cebus apella) from central colombia is described. tetrapetalonema colombiensis is a very small species (male 8 mm, females 11-21 mm), and within the subgenus most closely resembles t. panamensis and t. saimiri in dimensions and in general appearance. it can be distinguished from these species by the following ...	1982	7175616
circadian entrainment of the squirrel monkey by extreme photoperiods: interactions between the phasic and tonic effects of light.	to examine the role that the phasic and tonic aspects of the light-dark (ld) cycle play in entraining the circadian timing system of primates, squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) were exposed to 24 hr ld cycles in which the light duration (photoperiod) was varied from 1 sec to 23 hr. the monkeys were maintained in isolation and the circadian rhythm of drinking was monitored. the photoperiod was first gradually shortened until constant darkness was reached. even in extremely short photoperiods of ...	1982	7178267
some connections of the basal nucleus of meynert in the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus).		1982	7183921
scapula of apidium phiomense: a small anthropoid from the oligocene of egypt.	a scapular fragment from the upper fossil wood zone, quarry i, fayum depression, egypt, is assigned to the taxon apidium phiomense. this animal may have approximated the size of galago crassicaudatus or nycticebus coucang, as predicted by regressing body weight on glenoid surface area and fossa length for an assortment of living primates. morphometric values for spinoglenoid, axilloglenoid, and axillospinal angles indicate locomotor affinities of a. phiomense with colobine monkeys. other nonmetr ...	1983	6407926
infection of female squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) with trichomonas vaginalis as a model of trichomoniasis in women.	marmosets, tamarins, owl monkeys, and squirrel monkeys were inoculated intravaginally with trichomonas vaginalis. the latter animal species was most susceptible, trichomonads being recovered from four of six monkeys for periods ranging usually up to one month. vaginal discharge was seen in most infected animals but polymorphonuclear leucocytes were rare. infected animals developed serum igg antibody responses and also local igg and iga responses, the latter occurring sometimes on reinoculation i ...	1983	6409346
heteroimmunization of squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) with a purified porcine zona antigen (ppza): immune response and biologic activity of antiserum.	the potential for utilization as a contraceptive vaccine of a 60,000 mr glycoprotein component, purified porcine zona antigen (ppza), isolated from porcine zonae, was investigated in the squirrel monkey. immunization resulted in production and maintenance of high antibody titers for at least 1 year. comparable immune profiles were obtained using either monkey or pig zonae in assay systems, but dose-dependent variations in immune response were not observed. in situ antibody binding to monkey zona ...	1983	6825869
afferent fibers to the cingular vocalization region in the squirrel monkey.	three squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) received horseradish peroxidase injections in the anterior cingulate cortex at the level of the genu of the corpus callosum, a region yielding vocalization when electrically stimulated. retrogradely labeled neurons were found at the cortical level within the dorsomedial and lateral prefrontal cortex (areas 9 and 10), orbital cortex (area 11), premotor cortex (areas 44, 6b, and 8), frontoparietal operculum, insula, cortex of the superior temporal sulcus, ...	1983	6840246