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novel papillomavirus isolates from erinaceus europaeus (erinaceidae, insectivora) and the cervidae (artiodactyla), cervus timorensis and pudu puda, and phylogenetic analysis of partial sequence data.the diversity of papillomaviruses (pves) infecting stratified squamous epithelia of warm-blooded animals, such as birds and mammals, is only fragmentarily documented. the pv types are sequenced from 9 of 18 placental taxa at the order level to date. current phylogenetic analyses of pv sequences frequently do not consider evolutionary polarity and statistical evaluation of internal nodes, that are required for robust evolutionary conclusions. in this study, we isolated and characterized three put ...200818210195
mammalian genome projects reveal new growth hormone (gh) sequences. characterization of the gh-encoding genes of armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus), hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus), bat (myotis lucifugus), hyrax (procavia capensis), shrew (sorex araneus), ground squirrel (spermophilus tridecemlineatus), elephant (loxodonta africana), cat (felis catus) and opossum (monodelphis domestica).mammalian growth hormone (gh) sequences have been shown previously to display episodic evolution: the sequence is generally strongly conserved but on at least two occasions during mammalian evolution (on lineages leading to higher primates and ruminants) bursts of rapid evolution occurred. however, the number of mammalian orders studied previously has been relatively limited, and the availability of sequence data via mammalian genome projects provides the potential for extending the range of gh ...200817574247
hedgehog ringworm in humans and a dog.we report 3 related cases of human dermatophytosis and 1 dog dermatophytosis likely caused by contact with a european hedgehog. trichophyton erinacei was isolated from stratum corneum samples. this type of zoophilic dermatophytosis is rare in south-east belgium and probably in the rest of the country as well.200819186564
seasonal variations in markers of stress and oxidative stress in rats.high ambient temperature has been reported to increase oxidative stress by increasing lipid peroxidation and decreasing antioxidant defence in transition dairy cows. it is also known to cause an increase in plasma cortisol levels in goats, european hedgehog and human volunteers. high levels of glucocorticoids have been reported to decrease blood glutathione and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in rats. although institutional animal houses in research laboratories of developed countries ...200823105750
tick-induced blood loss leads to regenerative anaemia in the european hedgehog ( erinaceus europaeus).although there is an increasing understanding of the role of parasites in their host dynamics, accurate, quantitative estimates of parasite caused morbidity in wild animals are rare. here, we examine the possible impact of 2 tick species (ixodes ricinus, i. hexagonus) on the condition of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). for this, we tested for correlations between blood parameters of 36 adult hedgehogs from an experimental population enclosed in a natural habitat and their tick infes ...200919216826
genomic characterization of the first insectivoran papillomavirus reveals an unusually long, second non-coding region and indicates a close relationship to betapapillomavirus.knowledge about biological diversity is the prerequisite to reliably reconstruct the evolution of pathogens such as papillomaviruses (pv). however, complete genomes of non-human pv have only been cloned and sequenced from 8 out of 18 orders within the placentalia, although the host-specific variety of pv is considered much larger. we isolated and sequenced the complete genome of the first insectivoran pv type from hair follicle cells of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus), designated ehp ...200919218207
relevance of hair and spines of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) as biomonitoring tissues for arsenic and metals in relation to blood.hair has been proven to be suitable for non-destructive and non-invasive exposure assessments in human and mammal populations. a previous study with european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) showed that, for some metals, hair and spine metal concentrations were positively correlated to levels in liver, kidney and muscle. although blood has been studied in a wide variety of species, the relationship between hair and blood metal concentrations has yet to be quantified in many mammalian species. tiss ...200919058834
cryptosporidial infection in a captive european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus).an adult female hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) developed hemorrhagic diarrhea and was euthanized after failure to respond to treatment. at postmortem examination, the gastrointestinal tract was distended with clear fluid. histopathologic examination of the jejunum and ileum revealed numerous small, round, pale basophilic organisms typical of cryptosporidia on the luminal surface of the enterocytes and free in the crypts. in addition, there was severe villus atrophy in the ileum. it was thought t ...200920063833
habitat type-based bioaccumulation and risk assessment of metal and as contamination in earthworms, beetles and woodlice.the present study investigated the contribution of environmental factors to the accumulation of as, cd, cu, pb and zn in earthworms, beetles and woodlice, and framed within an exposure assessment of the european hedgehog. soil and invertebrate samples were collected in three distinct habitat types. results showed habitat-specific differences in soil and invertebrate metal concentrations and bioaccumulation factors when normalized to soil metal concentration. further multiple regression analysis ...200919524344
[study on experimental toxoplasmosis in hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus l.)]. 20095954966
placentation in mammals once grouped as insectivores.interest in insectivoran grade mammals has been reawakened by taxonomic changes that place tenrecs and golden moles in a new order and separate hedgehogs from moles, shrews and solenodons. this survey of their placentation shows there is great variation even within families. as an example three subfamilies of tenrec have been examined. the interhemal region is cellular hemomonochorial in echinops and microgale but endotheliochorial in micropotamogale. golden moles, which are placed in the same o ...201019876821
accumulation of anticoagulant rodenticides in a non-target insectivore, the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus).studies on exposure of non-targets to anticoagulant rodenticides have largely focussed on predatory birds and mammals; insectivores have rarely been studied. we investigated the exposure of 120 european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) from throughout britain to first- and second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (fgars and sgars) using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection (hplc) and liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (lcms). the proportion of hedgeh ...201019674821
desmoplastic ganglioglioma of the spinal cord in a western european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus).gangliogliomas are composed of neoplastic glial and neuronal cells and are extremely rare tumors of the central nervous system of domestic animals. the present report describes the clinical presentation and the pathomorphological and immunophenotypical characteristics of a desmoplastic ganglioglioma in the spinal cord of a 3-year-old male western european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). clinically, the hedgehog exhibited a skin wound and therapy-resistant paresis of the left hind limb. necropsy ...201021088188
sex, age, and tissue specific accumulation of eight metals, arsenic, and selenium in the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus).many insectivores have been shown to be sensitive to heavy metals and therefore suitable for biomonitoring purposes. in finland, the hibernation period of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) is long, and during hibernation the stress caused by environmental toxins may be crucial. concentrations of cadmium (cd), copper (cu), iron (fe), magnesium (mg), manganese (mn), molybdenum (mo), nickel (ni), lead (pb), arsenic (as), and selenium (se) were measured in a population of hedgehogs in the ...201020372884
occurrence and molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. genotypes in european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus l.) in germany.juvenile hedgehogs having insufficient body weight are often brought for overwintering to hedgehog rehabilitation centres. faecal samples of juvenile hedgehogs and overwintering hedgehogs (n=188) collected prior to releasing them back into the wilderness were examined for the presence of cryptosporidium coproantigen and oocysts. altogether 56 (29.8%) submitted samples were positive for coproantigen. forty-five (39.5%, n=114) of the positive samples originated from newly rescued hedgehogs, while ...201019765339
the avian acanthocephalan plagiorhynchus cylindraceus (palaeacanthocephala) parasitizing the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) in europe and new zealand.the palaeacanthocephalan plagiorhynchus cylindraceus is a common intestinal parasite of passerine birds, which can also occur parenterally or in the intestinal tract of mammals, often as an invading species in many countries worldwide. in this survey, introduced hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus, n = 183) killed in new zealand during a biocontrol campaign and conspecifics (n = 174) that had died in hedgehog rehabilitation centers in germany and britain were examined for this parasite. in new zealan ...201019937258
ectoparasite infestations of hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) are associated with small-scale landscape structures in an urban-suburban environment.animals that exploit heterogeneous and patchy environments encounter different local habitat conditions that influence their interaction with the environment, such as the acquisition of parasites. how and at which scales interaction processes between parasites, hosts, and the environment are realized remains largely unknown. we examined the infestation patterns of 56 hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) with fleas and ticks at a small spatial scale within a 12 km(2) area along a suburban-urban gradie ...201020119687
the first complete papillomavirus genome characterized from a marsupial host: a novel isolate from bettongia penicillata.the first fully sequenced papillomavirus (pv) of marsupials, tentatively named bettongia penicillata papillomavirus type 1 (bppv1), was detected in papillomas from a woylie (bettongia penicillata ogilbyi). the circular, double-stranded dna genome contains 7,737 bp and encodes 7 open reading frames (orfs), e6, e7, e1, e2, e4, l2, and l1, in typical pv conformation. bppv1 is a close-to-root pv with l1 and l2 orfs most similar to european hedgehog pv and bandicoot papillomatosis carcinomatosis viru ...201020200246
molecular detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum in the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) and its ticks.the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) is a common wild mammal in central europe that shares habitats with humans in urban, peri-urban, and rural areas. thus, this species may play a role in human contact with zoonotic diseases. here we report the presence of the pathogen anaplasma phagocytophilum in hedgehogs and their ticks in germany.201020426690
advanced diagnostic approaches and current management of internal disorders of select species (rodents, sugar gliders, hedgehogs).african pygmy and european hedgehogs, sugar gliders, and rodents such as rats, mice, gerbils, hamsters, guinea pigs, and chinchillas are becoming increasingly popular as pets in the united states, and more practitioners are being asked to examine, diagnose, and treat these animals for a bevy of disorders and diseases. many procedures and techniques used in traditional small and large animal medicine are used for these species, with minor adaptations or considerations. this article examines avail ...201020682430
[helminths of hedgehogs, erinaceus europaeus and e. roumanicus from poznań region, poland--coprological study].fecal samples from the hedgehogs, erinaceus europaeus (15 samples) and e. roumanicus (44 samples) collected in the poznań region of poland were examined. endoparasites were isolated using sheather's flotation technique. the prevalence of parasitic infections in all hedgehogs examined was 74.6% (e. europaeus--73.3%; e. roumanicus--75.0%). two species of parasites occurred in both species of hosts: aonchotheca erinacei (60% and 80%) and eucoleus aerophilus (6.7% and 15.9%). brachylaima erinacei wa ...201021449487
Ticks and the city: Ectoparasites of the Northern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus) in an urban park.The European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) is known to host several ectoparasites and also tick-borne pathogens, but there is scant information on its eastern relative, the Northern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus). We have studied an urban population of E. roumanicus in a city park of central Budapest, Hungary, for 2 years to investigate their tick and flea species. A total of 5063 ticks and 818 fleas were collected from 247 hedgehogs (including 46 recaptures). Ectoparasite preva ...201122108019
Molecular detection of rickettsial agents in ticks and fleas collected from a European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) in Marseilles, France.The European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) is a synanthropic nocturnal insectivore commonly found in the countryside and in the parks and gardens. Because hedgehogs are already involved in the transmission of a number of zoonoses, including salmonellosis and ringworm, we decided to study their possible role in the epidemiology of the spotted fever group of Rickettsia. We collected ticks and fleas from a hedgehog that was captured in the city of Marseilles in France. Using a genus-specific quant ...201122169021
thermoregulation in the female hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus, during the breeding season.the body temperatures of 3 breeding and 7 non-breeding female hedgehogs were monitored during 3 years. lactating females had significantly higher and less variable body temperatures than did pregnant and non-breeding hedgehogs. breeding females had circadian body temperature cycles that were more biphasic than those of non-breeders. females maintaining higher mean daily body temperatures showed less variability about the mean than those exhibiting lower mean daily body temperatures. the rate at ...20113339586
comparative population dynamics of a generalist (ixodes ricinus) and specialist tick (i. hexagonus) species from european hedgehogs.although the population dynamics of the tick ixodes ricinus are relatively well studied, those of other western european tick species are largely unknown. moreover, there is very little information related to the interactions between i. ricinus and other ticks. such knowledge, however, is of special interest in respect to the epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens such as borrelia spp. we compared the dynamics of the generalist i. ricinus with the nest-dwelling hedgehog specialist, i. hexagonus. b ...201121350974
the fecal odor of sick hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) mediates olfactory attraction of the tick ixodes hexagonus.parasite loads of animals vary among individuals, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully identified. here, we investigated whether health status of hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) is correlated with tick burden, and whether chemical cues linked to the health status of the host mediate attraction of the tick ixodes hexagonus. an ecological survey conducted over 10 years, involving 226 wild hedgehogs, revealed a strong association between health status and tick burden of hedgehogs, with ...201121445567
recent expansion of a new ingi-related clade of vingi non-ltr retrotransposons in hedgehogs.autonomous non-long terminal repeat (non-ltr) retrotransposons and their repetitive remnants are ubiquitous components of mammalian genomes. recently, we identified non-ltr retrotransposon families, ingi-1_aal and ingi-1_ee, in two hedgehog genomes. here we rename them to vingi-1_aal and vingi-1_ee and report a new clade "vingi," which is a sister clade of ingi that lacks the ribonuclease h domain. in the european hedgehog genome, there are 11 non-autonomous families of elements derived from vin ...201120716533
disseminated histoplasmosis in a european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) in northern germany. 201120406394
localization of smad4 in the ovary of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus l.).ovarian follicular development, follicle selection, and the process of ovulation remain poorly understood in most species. numerous endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors, including the ligands represented by the transforming growth factor β (tgfβ) superfamily, tgfβ, activin, inhibin, bone morphometric protein (bmp), and growth differentiation factor (gdf) are present in the ovaries of many animals. in the present study, we investigated the immunolocalization of smad4, a signaling molecule ...201120071012
gene cloning, expression and functional characterization of a proliferation-inducing ligand (april) from hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus).here we describe the identification of the hedgehog erinaceus europaeus homologue of a proliferation-inducing ligand (april) of the tnf family (designated heapril). hedgehog april contains two cysteine residues (cys(196) and cys(211)), a furin protease cleavage site and a conserved putative n-glycosylation site (asn(124)). real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) analysis revealed that heapril could be detected in various tissues. mtt assays and flow cytometric analysis revealed that nus-hesapril and h ...201222246941
integument mycobiota of wild european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) from catalonia, spain.there are some reports about the risk of manipulating wild hedgehogs since they can be reservoirs of potential zoonotic agents like dermatophytes. the aim of this study was to describe the integument mycobiota, with special attention to dermatophytes of wild european hedgehogs. samples from spines and fur were cultured separately in sabouraud dextrose agar (sda) with antibiotic and dermatophyte test medium (dtm) plates. nineteen different fungal genera were isolated from 91 cultures of 102 hedge ...201223762757
microevolution of sympatry: landscape genetics of hedgehogs erinaceus europaeus and e. roumanicus in central europe.we used the mitochondrial control region and nuclear microsatellites to assess the distribution patterns, population structure, demography and landscape genetics for the hedgehogs erinaceus europaeus and erinaceus roumanicus in a transect of the mid-european zone of sympatry. e. roumanicus was less frequent and restricted to regions with lower altitudes. demographic analyses suggested recent population growth in this species. a comparison of patterns in the spatial variability of mitochondrial a ...201221863052
the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus)--a suitable reservoir for variants of anaplasma phagocytophilum?the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) is a common insectivore in most parts of europe and is frequently infested by the ticks ixodes ricinus and i. hexagonus. i. ricinus ticks have been found infected with anaplasma phagocytophilum, an obligate intracellular bacterium, but little is known about the potential of the hedgehog as a reservoir host. in this study, the infection with a. phagocytophilum and the genetic variants involved were investigated in a captive hedgehog population which was ...201222309859
occurrence of different borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies including b. afzelii, b. bavariensis, and b. spielmanii in hedgehogs (erinaceus spp.) in europe.in order to determine whether european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus and e. roumanicus) play a role in the epidemiological cycle of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in central europe and great britain, tissue samples of hedgehogs from germany (n=211), austria (n=4), the czech republic (n=22), and the u.k. (n=32) were tested for the presence of these tick-borne pathogens. pcr for amplification of the b. burgdorferi s.l.-specific 5s-23s intergenic spacer region as well as the outer surface protein ...201222309853
oral candidiasis in european hedgehogs. 201223223477
first detection of leishmania infantum kinetoplast dna in hair of wild mammals: application of qpcr method to determine potential parasite reservoirs.the data presented in this paper describe the application of a method for a reliable and non-invasive diagnosis of leishmaniosis in wild reservoirs, based on the detection of leishmania infantum kinetoplast dna (kdna) in hair samples by real time pcr (qpcr). the study has been performed on 68 ear/leg hair samples from 5 different wild species (vulpes vulpes, canis lupus, martes foina, rattus norvegicus and erinaceus europaeus) from several geographic areas of west and north spain. the presence o ...201323973736
detection of rickettsia helvetica in ticks collected from european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus, linnaeus, 1758).the role of wild mammals in the dissemination and maintenance of rickettsia in nature is still under investigation. european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) are often heavily infested by tick and flea species that are known to harbor and transmit different rickettsia spp. we investigated ixodid ticks sampled from european hedgehogs for the presence of rickettsia. a total of 471 ixodes ricinus and 755 i. hexagonus were collected from 26 german and 7 british european hedgehogs. these were tested b ...201323337491
detection of mecc-positive staphylococcus aureus (cc130-mrsa-xi) in diseased european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) in sweden.recently, a novel mec gene conferring beta-lactam resistance in staphylococcus aureus has been discovered. this gene, mecc, is situated on a sccmec xi element that has to date been identified in clonal complexes 49, 130, 425, 599 and 1943. some of the currently known isolates have been identified from animals. this, and observations of meca alleles that do not confer beta-lactam resistance, indicate that mec genes might have a reservoir in staphylococcus species from animals. thus it is importan ...201323776626
adhesion of human and animal escherichia coli strains in association with their virulence-associated genes and phylogenetic origins.intestinal colonization is influenced by the ability of the bacterium to inhabit a niche, which is based on the expression of colonization factors. escherichia coli carries a broad range of virulence-associated genes (vags) which contribute to intestinal (invags) and extraintestinal (exvags) infection. moreover, initial evidence indicates that invags and exvags support intestinal colonization. we developed new screening tools to genotypically and phenotypically characterize e. coli isolates orig ...201323872574
[characteristics of the regulating effect of the hippocampus on conditioning reflex activity in the hedgehog erinaceus europaeus]. 20133829906
helminth parasites of eastern european hedgehog (erinaceus concolor) in northern iran.recently there is a high tendency among exotic pet owners for keeping hedgehogs. this mammal can transfer some significant zoonotic pathogens to human. hence, the present study was conducted for the first time to prepare a list of helminth parasites of hedgehogs (erinaceus concolor) in north of iran.201325516749
retinal projections in the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). an autoradiographic and horseradish peroxidase study.the retinal projections of the hedgehog were studied using tritiated leucine and horseradish peroxidase as orthograde tracers. in both series of experiments labeling was seen bilaterally in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the dorsal and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, the superior colliculus, and the pretectal area and contralaterally in the terminal nuclei (dorsal, lateral and medial) of the accessory optic system. a retino-intergeniculate leaflet projection is described for the first time ...20133605651
invasive mammals and habitat modification interact to generate unforeseen outcomes for indigenous fauna.biotic invasions and habitat modification are two drivers of global change predicted to have detrimental impacts on the persistence of indigenous biota worldwide. few studies have investigated how they operate synergistically to alter trophic interactions among indigenous and nonindigenous species in invaded ecosystems. we experimentally manipulated a suite of interacting invasive mammals, including top predators (cat felis catus, ferret mustela furo, stoat m. erminea), herbivores (rabbit orycto ...201324261050
[adrenocortical activity during the lethargic and awake phases in 2 hibernants: the lerot (eliomys quercinus) and the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus)]. 201314222927
il26 gene inactivation in equidae.interleukin-26 (il26) is a member of the il10 cytokine family. the il26 gene is located between two other well-known cytokines genes of this family encoding interferon-gamma (ifng) and il22 in an evolutionary conserved gene cluster. in contrast to humans and most other mammals, mice lack a functional il26 gene. we analyzed the genome sequences of other vertebrates for the presence or absence of functional il26 orthologs and found that the il26 gene has also become inactivated in several equid sp ...201323808390
traumatic elbow luxation in a free-ranging hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus): surgical management using circumferential suture prostheses.a free-ranging adult female hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) was presented injured, presumably from vehicular trauma. clinical and radiographic examination under general anesthesia revealed a lateral elbow luxation. closed reduction was unsuccessful, so a surgical approach with circumferential suture prostheses was used to stabilize the elbow. neither perioperative nor postoperative complications were recorded. the hedgehog regained good range of motion of the elbow and was fully able to run and t ...201323805574
population biology of establishment in new zealand hedgehogs inferred from genetic and historical data: conflict or compromise?the crucial steps in biological invasions, related to the shaping of genetic architecture and the current evolution of adaptations to a novel environment, usually occur in small populations during the phases of introduction and establishment. however, these processes are difficult to track in nature due to invasion lag, large geographic and temporal scales compared with human observation capabilities, the frequent depletion of genetic variance, admixture and other phenomena. in this study, we co ...201323711046
scanning electron microscopy observations of the hedgehog stomach worm, physaloptera clausa (spirurida: physalopteridae).physaloptera clausa (spirurida: physalopteridae) nematodes parasitize the stomach of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) and cause weight loss, anorexia and gastric lesions. the present study provides the first morphological description of adult p. clausa from the stomachs of infected hedgehogs, using scanning electron microscopy (sem).201323566611
the morphology and histopathology of nephridiacanthus major (acanthocephala: oligacanthorhynchidae) from hedgehogs in iran.the morphology of nephridiacanthus major (bremser 1811 in westrumb 1821) golvan, 1962 collected from the long-eared hedgehog hemiechinus auritus (gmelin 1770) and the eastern european hedgehog erinaceus concolor martin, 1838 (erinaceidae) is described using sem for the first time. this acanthocephalan was previously described from hedgehogs in europe, asia, and africa. measurements of specimens from iran, bulgaria, germany, central asia, morocco, and egypt show considerable variations in the siz ...201323064812
[influence of small doses of thyroliberin and vasopressin on memory processes of european hedgehog erinaceus europaeus ( insectivora, erinaceidae)]. 201315453455
[studies on projections of somatic afferentation in the neocortex of the hedgehog erinaceus europaeus].cortical projections of the somatic system in the hedgehog cortex were studied by means of the evoked potential (ep) technique. the eps were shown to arise at a large area of the lateral cortex, the area in question being enlarged under chloralose anaesthesia. in the focus of projection of corresponding modalities the eps posessed the least latency. functional differences in the ep generation system both in the focus of projection and outside it are discussed. the wide eps spreading in the later ...20131217301
impacts of removing badgers on localised counts of hedgehogs.experimental evidence of the interactions among mammalian predators that eat or compete with one another is rare, due to the ethical and logistical challenges of managing wild populations in a controlled and replicated way. here, we report on the opportunistic use of a replicated and controlled culling experiment (the randomised badger culling trial) to investigate the relationship between two sympatric predators: european badgers meles meles and western european hedgehogs erinaceus europaeus. i ...201424736454
hematologic and biochemical variables of hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) after overwintering in rehabilitation centers.information about laboratory reference intervals (ris) of european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) hospitalized at rehabilitation centers is scarce.201424588573
characterization of a novel betacoronavirus related to middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in european hedgehogs.bats are known to host viruses closely related to important human coronaviruses (hcovs), such as hcov-229e, severe-acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), and middle east respiratory syndrome cov (mers-cov). as rna viruses may coevolve with their hosts, we sought to investigate the closest sister taxon to bats, the eulipotyphla, and screened european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) from germany for cov by nested reverse transcriptase pcr. a novel betacoronavirus species in a phylogene ...201424131722
cryptosporidium erinacei n. sp. (apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae) in hedgehogs.the morphological, biological, and molecular characteristics of cryptosporidium hedgehog genotype are described, and the species name cryptosporidium erinacei n. sp. is proposed to reflect its specificity for hedgehogs under natural and experimental conditions. oocysts of c. erinacei are morphologically indistinguishable from cryptosporidium parvum, measuring 4.5-5.8 μm (mean=4.9 μm) × 4.0-4.8 μm (mean=4.4 μm) with a length to width ratio of 1.13 (1.02-1.35) (n=100). oocysts of c. erinacei obtai ...201424529828
trichophyton erinacei kerion barbae from a hedgehog with direct osculatory transfer to another person.we describe a case of kerion tinea barbae infection due to trichophyton erinacei in a 37-year-old man. the infection had also been transferred to his partner by direct contact from kissing. t. erinacei is a zoophilic dermatophyte occasionally harboured by the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). there are few reports of human infection in the literature, and it rarely causes a kerion. there is only one previous report of tinea barbae occurrence due to t. erinacei. this case highlights the possibility ...201424016062
different parasite faunas in sympatric populations of sister hedgehog species in a secondary contact zone.providing descriptive data on parasite diversity and load in sister species is a first step in addressing the role of host-parasite coevolution in the speciation process. in this study we compare the parasite faunas of the closely related hedgehog species erinaceus europaeus and e. roumanicus from the czech republic where both occur in limited sympatry. we examined 109 hedgehogs from 21 localities within this secondary contact zone. three species of ectoparasites and nine species of endoparasite ...201425469872
hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) as a source of ectoparasites in urban-suburban areas of northwest of iran.hedgehogs are small, nocturnal mammals which become popular in the world and have important role in transmission of zoonotic agents. thus, the present study aimed to survey ectoparasite infestation from april 2010 to december 2011 in urban and suburban parts of urmia and tabriz cities, northwest of iran.201426114147
histopathologic study of eosinophilic bronchointerstitial pneumonia caused by crenosoma striatum in the hedgehog.crenosoma striatum is a species of parasitic nematodes from the family crenosomatidae responsible for pathologic lung lesions in the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). infection with c. striatum can cause weight loss, dry cough, and bronchitis. in the present study, hedgehogs killed by road accidents, or trapped and found dead on farms in different parts of mazandaran province (iran), were transferred to the laboratory. after dissection, parasite samples collected from the lung were placed into 70% ...201425000695
the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus), as a reservoir for helminth parasites in iran.from april 2009 to december 2011, 44 dead hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) were collected incidentally from areas of urmia, iran. the overall prevalence of helminth infections was 95.0%. specific parasites and their prevalences were: physaloptera clausa (93.0%), crenosoma striatum (61.0%), capillaria aerophila (9.0%), capillarias spp. (4.0%), brachylaemus erinacei (2.0%) and hymenolepis erinacei (16.0%). there were no significant differences in helminth occurrence between hedgehog sexes, either i ...201526261711
streptococcus pyogenes infection in a free-living european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus).streptococcus pyogenes, a common pathogen of humans, was isolated from the carcass of a free-living european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) found in northern england in june 2014. the animal had abscessation of the deep right cervical lymph node, mesenteric lymph nodes and liver. the s. pyogenes strain isolated from the lesions, peritoneal and pleural cavities was characterised as emm 28, which can be associated with invasive disease in humans. this is the first known report of s. pyogenes in a ...201526242215
presence of zoonotic agents in engorged ticks and hedgehog faeces from erinaceus europaeus in (sub) urban areas.european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) are hosts for ixodes hexagonus and i. ricinus ticks, which are vectors for zoonotic microorganisms. in addition, hedgehogs may carry several enteric zoonoses as well. it is unclear to what extent a presence of pathogens in hedgehogs poses a risk to public health, as information on the presence of zoonotic agents in hedgehogs in urban areas is relatively scarce.201525885888
ectoparasite loads in sympatric urban populations of the northern white-breasted and the european hedgehog.we investigated abundance and prevalence of ticks and fleas infesting urban populations of two species of hedgehogs: the northern white-breasted hedgehog (erinaceus roumanicus) and the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). the hedgehogs were captured in the city of poznań (western poland) over the period of 4 years. both species of hedgehogs were infested with the castor bean tick (ixodes ricinus), the hedgehog tick (ixodes hexagonus), and the hedgehog flea (archeopsylla erinacei). the northe ...201525820646
multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium monophasic variant 4,12:i:- isolated from asymptomatic wildlife in a catalonian wildlife rehabilitation center, spain.wildlife can act as long-term asymptomatic reservoirs for zoonotic bacteria, such as salmonella. the prevalence and antimicrobial-susceptibility profiles of salmonella spp. were assessed in 263 cases in wildlife from 22 animal orders from a wildlife rehabilitation center in catalonia (ne spain), september 2013-may 2014. eleven of 263 tested animals were positive for salmonella spp., representing an overall prevalence of 4.2%. prevalences by taxonomic categories were 2% in mammals, 4.7% in birds, ...201525973627
[the submandibular gland of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) during hibernation and awakening. study with the optical microscope and electron microscope]. 20154425579
retracted: effect of melatonin administration and long day-length on endocrine cycles in the hedgehog erinaceus europaeus. 201526668850
first ultrastructural observations on gastritis caused by physaloptera clausa (spirurida: physalopteridae) in hedgehogs (erinaceus europeaus).ultrastructural changes of gastritis due to infection with physaloptera clausa in 12 fresh carcasses of euthanized european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) collected from different part of urmia, iran, in which they were highly populated with this animal, six females and six males were subjected to detail necropsy with special reference to the stomach. macroscopic changes of stomach were recorded and some of the worms collected. based on number of parasites present in the stomach, they were divi ...201526113510
detecting frogs as prey in the diets of introduced mammals: a comparison between morphological and dna-based diet analyses.amphibians are currently the most threatened group of vertebrates worldwide, and introduced fauna play a major role in their decline. the control of introduced predators to protect endangered species is often based on predation rates derived from diet studies of predators, but prey detection probabilities using different techniques are variable. we measured the detectability of frogs as prey, using morphological and dna-based diet analyses, in the stomachs and faeces of four mammal species that ...201525052066
[activity of pmsf-inhibited carboxypeptidase in brain tissues and regions of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus)].the activity of the pmsf-inhibited carboxypeptidase in different tissues and brain regions of erinaceus europaeus has been studied. the highest pmsf-inhibited carboxypeptidase activity, has been discovered in the pituitary gland and in some peripheral tissues: tests, lung, kidney, adrenal gland, spleen. the pmsf-inhibited carboxypeptidase activity in the brain regions is approximately two folds as low in the peripheral tissues. the activity of pmsf-inhibited carboxypeptidase in the brain regions ...20159454386
morphology, histochemistry and glycosylation of the placenta and associated tissues in the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus).there are few descriptions of the placenta and associated tissues of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) and here we present findings on a near-term pregnant specimen.201627871459
cryptosporidium erinacei and c. parvum in a group of overwintering hedgehogs.this study describes cryptosporidiosis in an overwintering group of 15 european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus), comprising 3 adults and 12 juveniles. four juvenile hedgehogs were hospitalised with anorexia, malodorous diarrhoea and dehydration. immediate parasitological examinations revealed the presence of cryptosporidium sp. in these animals and also in 5 other juveniles. all hedgehogs were coproscopically monitored for 4 months over the winter season. shedding of cryptosporidium oocysts pers ...201627344109
[the first genetic evidence of hybridization between west european and northern white-breasted hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus and e. roumanicus) in moscow region].the complex genetic examination of hedgehogs from the vicinity of the village of nikolina gora (moscow region, odintsovskii district) showed both erinaceus europaeus and e. roumanicus in the sample. one of the hedgehogs was designated as e. roumanicus by the nucleotide sequence of 1 ttr intron but possessed mitochondrial dna of e. europeus. only one of the chromosomal pairs that differ in e. europeus and e. roumanicus was heteromorphic in this specimen. its hybridous origin as the offspring of o ...201620143638
[hibernation and hypophyseal corticotropic secretion in the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus l.)]. 20164339007
detection and molecular characterisation of cryptosporidium parvum in british european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus).surveillance was conducted for the occurrence of protozoan parasites of the genus cryptosporidium in european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) in great britain. in total, 108 voided faecal samples were collected from hedgehogs newly admitted to eight wildlife casualty treatment and rehabilitation centres. terminal large intestinal (li) contents from three hedgehog carcasses were also analysed. information on host and location variables, including faecal appearance, body weight, and apparent healt ...201626827859
ecology of the tick-borne phlebovirus causing severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in an endemic area of china.severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is caused by sfts virus (sftsv), a tick-borne phlebovirus in family bunyaviridae. studies have found that humans, domestic and wildlife animals can be infected by sftsv. however, the viral ecology, circulation, and transmission remain largely unknown.201627035712
comparison of two systemic antifungal agents, itraconazole and terbinafine, for the treatment of dermatophytosis in european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus).dermatophytosis caused by trichophyton erinacei is a common scaling and crusting skin disease affecting european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) admitted to wildlife rescue centres. the application of topical therapy can be challenging because wild hedgehogs are subject to stress and often roll into a ball when handled. systemic antifungal therapy is more convenient but has not been evaluated in this species.201627620985
melting pot of tick-borne zoonoses: the european hedgehog contributes to the maintenance of various tick-borne diseases in natural cycles urban and suburban areas.european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) are urban dwellers and host both ixodes ricinus and ixodes hexagonus. these ticks transmit several zoonotic pathogens like borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato), anaplasma phagocytophilum, rickettsia helvetica, borrelia miyamotoi and "candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis". it is unclear to what extent hedgehogs in (sub) urban areas contribute to the presence of infected ticks in these areas, which subsequently pose a risk for acquiring a tick-borne disease. the ...201728270232
morphological study of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) tongue by sem and lm.the hedgehog tongue is a tactile and taste organ which carries out various functions. detailed functional and morphological studies are required to clearly define the relationship of the hedgehog tongue with taste, food palatability, mastication and swallowing of food, as well as the production of sounds. the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the morphological characteristics of the european hedgehog tongue and the lifestyle of this animal, as well as to compare finding ...201728160234
daily energy expenditure in the face of predation: hedgehog energetics in rural landscapes.failure to balance daily energy expenditure (dee) with energy intake can have an impact on survival and reproduction, and therefore on the persistence of populations. here we study the dee of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus), which is declining in the uk. we hypothesise that there is a gradient of suitable habitat for hedgehogs in rural areas, which is a result of fewer food resources, a higher risk from predation by badgers (meles meles) and colder ambient temperatures, as distance t ...201728148819
lipoprotein (a) evolution: possible benefits and harm. genetic and non-genetic factors influencing its plasma levels.the limited distribution of lipoprotein (a) (lp(a)) to humans, old world primates and to the european hedgehog, has raised considerable interest and speculation regarding its possible physiological role. lp(a) has variable circulating concentrations (<0.1 - >100 mg/ml) which are highly genetically determined in humans. these characteristics gave rise to several theories concerning the origins and evolution of lp(a). lp(a) has a protective role after injury since lp(a) particles bind to mac ...201728117004
exploiting interspecific olfactory communication to monitor predators.olfaction is the primary sense of many mammals and subordinate predators use this sense to detect dominant species, thereby reducing the risk of an encounter and facilitating coexistence. chemical signals can act as repellents or attractants and may therefore have applications for wildlife management. we devised a field experiment to investigate whether dominant predator (ferret mustela furo) body odor would alter the behavior of three common mesopredators: stoats (mustela erminea), hedgehogs (e ...201727983773
high occurrence of mecc-mrsa in wild hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) in sweden.we investigated the occurrence of mecc-mrsa in wild hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) in sweden and characterized the obtained isolates. samples from 55 hedgehogs from five counties of sweden were cultivated selectively for mrsa and putative isolates were confirmed by real-time pcr detecting meca, mecc, nuc and pvl genes. mecc-mrsa was confirmed in 35 (64%) animals from three geographically separated counties. confirmed isolates were spa-typed and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by broth m ...201728757008
morphological, biometrical and molecular characterization of archaeopsylla erinacei (bouché, 1835).in the present work, we carried out a morphological, biometrical and molecular study of the species archaeopsylla erinacei (bouché, 1835) and their subspecies: archaeopsylla erinacei erinacei (bouché, 1835) and archaeopsylla erinacei maura (jordan & rothschild, 1912) isolated from hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) from different geographical regions (seville and corse). we have found morphological differences in females of a. erinacei from the same geographical origin that did not correspond with ...201729268804
the morphological characters of the male external genitalia of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus).this study was conducted to depict anatomical characteristics of the penis in hedgehog. seven sexually mature male european hedgehogs were used. following anesthesia, the animals were scarified with chloroform inhalation. gross penile characteristics such as length and diameter were thoroughly explored and measured using digital calipers. tissue samples stained with hematoxylin - eosin and masson's trichrome for microscopic analysis. the penis of the european hedgehog was composed of a pair of c ...201729064545
ophthalmological abnormalities in wild european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus): a survey of 300 animals.in this study we aimed to examine wild european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus)in rescue centres and to determine ocular abnormalities in this animal population. three hundred animals varying in age from 2 months to 5 years were examined, 147 being male and 153 female. all animals were evaluated with direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy and slit lamp biomicroscopy in animals where lesions were detected. tonometry using the tonovet rebound tonometer was undertaken in selected animals as was assessm ...201729038778
the gross anatomy of the male reproductive system of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus).hedgehogs are small spiny-coated insectivores. due to their low body weight, calm character, and easy maintenance, they are kept as pets. it is therefore worthwhile to care about hedgehogs' health problems and to provide pet owners with information about their reproduction. moreover, it is necessary to be familiar with their anatomy so as to satisfy the need to improve nutrition and medical care, even surgery. this study was carried out on five adult male european hedgehogs euthanized in a chlor ...201728653306
assessing habitat connectivity for ground-dwelling animals in an urban environment.to ensure viable species populations in fragmented landscapes, individuals must be able to move between suitable habitat patches. despite the increased interest in biodiversity assessment in urban environments, the ecological relevance of habitat connectivity in highly fragmented landscapes remains largely unknown. the first step to understanding the role of habitat connectivity in urban ecology is the challenging task of assessing connectivity in the complex patchwork of contrasting habitats th ...201829210224
sarcoptes scabiei on hedgehogs in new zealand.european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) were introduced into new zealand from britain during the period from 1869 to the early 1900s. the only mite found on new zealand hedgehogs in early studies was caparinia tripilis, with sarcoptes scabiei first being reported in 1996. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sarcoptes infestation on hedgehogs in new zealand, the number of mites found and the degree of mange observed. dead hedgehogs were collected from veterinary clinics, r ...201829318391
[hedgehog fungi in a dermatological office in munich : case reports and review].patient 1: after contact to a central european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus), a 50-year-old female with atopy developed erythrosquamous tinea manus on the thumb and thenar eminence of the right hand. the patient had previously been scalded by hot steam at the affected site. the zoophilic dermatophyte trichophyton erinacei could be cultured from the hedgehog as well as from scrapings from the woman's skin. antifungal treatment of the hedgehog was initiated using 2 weekly cycles of itraconazole s ...201829435597
salmonella enteritidis st183: emerging and endemic biotypes affecting western european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) and people in great britain.the impacts of hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) salmonella infection on public health and on animal welfare and conservation are unknown. we isolated salmonella enteritidis multi-locus sequence-type (st)183 from 46/170 (27%) hedgehog carcasses (27 s. enteritidis phage type (pt)11, 18 of a novel pt66 biotype and one with co-infection of these pts) and from 6/208 (3%) hedgehog faecal samples (4 pt11, 2 pt66) from across great britain, 2012-2015. whole genome phylogenetic analysis of the hedgehog iso ...201829402927
molecular data confirm the taxonomic position of hymenolepis erinacei (cyclophyllidea: hymenolepididae) and host switching, with notes on cestodes of palaearctic hedgehogs (erinaceidae).the cestode hymenolepis erinacei is regarded as a widely distributed parasite in european hedgehogs of the genus erinaceus, although the taxonomic position of this hymenolepidid has been debated for a considerable period of time. we present the first molecular data for this cestode, including partial dna sequences of mitochondrial 16s and nuclear 28s ribosomal genes. molecular phylogenetic analysis clusters h. erinacei in one clade together with representatives of the genus hymenolepis from rode ...201829386083
detection and characterisation of multiple herpesviruses in free-living western european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus).sporadic cases of herpesvirus-associated disease have been reported in the western european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus), but there has been little surveillance for, nor any sequence characterisation of, herpesviruses in this species to date. a nested pan-herpesvirus polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting a region of the dna polymerase gene was used to test 129 western european hedgehogs from across great britain, 2011-2016; 59 (46%) of which were pcr-positive. in addition, samples from two ...201830224824
reduced occupancy of hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) in rural england and wales: the influence of habitat and an asymmetric intra-guild predator.agricultural landscapes have become increasingly intensively managed resulting in population declines across a broad range of taxa, including insectivores such as the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). hedgehog declines have also been attributed to an increase in the abundance of badgers (meles meles), an intra-guild predator. the status of hedgehogs across the rural landscape at large spatial scales is, however, unknown. in this study, we used footprint tracking tunnels to conduct the first nation ...201830190482
the pineal gland of the shrew (blarina brevicauda and blarina carolinensis): a light and electron microscopic study of pinealocytes.the pineal gland structure and ultrastructure in the northern (blarina brevicauda) and southern short-tailed shrew (blarina carolinensis) are described by light and electron microscopy. results observed were similar to other mammals of insectivora described previously, specifically, the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) and the old world mole (talpa europea). two different types of pinealocytes were noticed by electron microscopy, in addition to relatively few glial cells. granular vesicles were no ...201830088080
the pathology of wobbly hedgehog syndrome.wobbly hedgehog syndrome (whs) is a leading cause of neurologic disease in african pygmy hedgehogs (aphs; atelerix albiventris). this study describes the signalment, clinical signs, gross, microscopic, and ultrastructural lesions of whs in a cohort of 12 pet aphs. microscopically, lesions consisted of status spongiosus of the white matter, typically bilateral and symmetrical, with myelin degeneration and loss that was accompanied by neuronal/axonal degeneration plus reactive microgliosis and mil ...201829673307
the ecology of suburban juvenile european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) in denmark.european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) populations are widespread across diverse habitats but are declining in western europe. drastic declines have been described in the uk, with the most severe declines occurring in rural areas. hedgehogs are widely distributed in denmark, but their status remains unknown.fieldwork on hedgehogs has tended to focus on rural areas, leaving their ecology in suburban habitats largely unexplored, with clear implications for conservation initiatives. here, we study ...201931871637
identification of a novel betacoronavirus (merbecovirus) in amur hedgehogs from china.while dromedaries are the immediate animal source of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) epidemic, viruses related to mers coronavirus (mers-cov) have also been found in bats as well as hedgehogs. to elucidate the evolution of mers-cov-related viruses and their interspecies transmission pathway, samples were collected from different mammals in china. a novel coronavirus related to mers-cov, erinaceus amurensis hedgehog coronavirus hku31 (ea-hedcov hku31), was identified from two amur hedgeho ...201931653070
investigating the role of the eurasian badger (meles meles) in the nationwide distribution of the western european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) in england.biodiversity is declining globally, which calls for effective conservation measures. it is, therefore, important to investigate the drivers behind species presence at large spatial scales. the western european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) is one of the species facing declines in parts of its range. yet, drivers of western european hedgehog distribution at large spatial scales remain largely unknown. at local scales, the eurasian badger (meles meles), an intraguild predator of the western europ ...201931581679
[confirmation of tick-borne encephalitis virus in an european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus)].european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) have a high exposure to various ticks, which could transmit pathogens with direct health significance for the host and may have zoonotic potential. tick-borne meningoencephalitis (fsme) is an important tick-borne disease in switzerland, caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus. about its occurrence in the european hedgehog population is little known. the present study examined various organs, blood and ticks of 65 european hedgehogs to obtain data of f ...201930602429
survey of toxoplasma gondii and trichinella spp. in hedgehogs living in proximity to urban areas in the czech republic.hedgehogs (mammalia: erinaceidae) are omnivorous nocturnal animals typically living in anthropogenic areas. they may be suitable as sentinels for a wide range of zoonotic infections. only a few studies have investigated hedgehogs (and then as representative wildlife species) to establish their role in the life cycle of such tissue parasites with zoonotic potential as toxoplasma gondii or trichinella spp. working with frozen hedgehog cadavers, we tested for these parasites using t. gondii dna-spe ...201930627808
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