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effects of infection with angiostrongylus cantonensis on the circulating haemocyte population and the haematopoietic organ of the host snail m-line biomphalaria glabrata.the number of circulating haemocytes, the size of the haematopoietic organ, and the size of haemocyte capsules around the parasite were studied in m-line biomphalaria glabrata snails exposed to 100 or 400 first-stage larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis. the number of haemocytes in exposed snails increased significantly at 1 day post-exposure, decreased to control value, and then increased again. the decrease in number of circulating haemocytes is probably due to the removal of cells from the c ...19902230034
spinal sensory radiculopathy due to angiostrongylus cantonensis infection.the most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis is the rat lung worm angiostrongylus cantonensis, a parasite which is endemic in the south east asian and pacific regions. while the typical clinical presentation is that of meningitis associated with an eosinophilic pleocytosis, a 45 year old man presented with a radiculomyelopathy, associated with an eosinophilic pleocytosis and cerebrospinal fluid antibodies to a. cantonensis but without signs or symptoms of meningitis. a worm was demonstrated ...19912057434
eosinophilic myelomeningoencephalitis caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis: a report of three cases.three members of a family developed eosinophilic myelomeningoencephalitis following ingestion of pila snails. they were father, daughter and son and had similar clinical presentations. two days after ingestion of snails, they developed a generalized itchy maculopapular rash followed by myalgia, marked paresthesia, fever and headache. two days later there was weakness of the extremities which was progressive in severity involving the legs more than the arms. they later developed urine retention a ...19911948289
equine neural angiostrongylosis.verminous encephalomyelitis due to angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae was diagnosed in 2 foals at necropsy. the principal clinical feature was tetraparesis, although history and neurological examination revealed progressive and multifocal neurological disease. at presentation, a tentative diagnosis of parasitic larval migration involving the central nervous system (cns), presumably due to strongylus vulgaris, was proposed. dissection of the spinal cord in one case resulted in recovery of intact ...19912025204
snail-borne parasitic zoonoses in korea.a total of 22 snail-borne parasites causing various parasitic zoonoses in korea are listed and reviewed. all of these parasites are indigenous except heterophyes heterophyes, h. dispar and angiostrongylus cantonensis detected in patients who traveled outside of korea.19911822934
current status of food-borne parasitic zoonoses in taiwan.more than 50 species of zoonotic parasites (nematodes-18 spp., trematodes-19 spp., cestodes-10 spp., protozoa-2 spp., and arthropods-2 spp.) have been reported in taiwan. among them, angiostrongylus cantonensis, clonorchis sinensis and taenia saginata are the most important and most common food-borne parasites. angiostrongyliasis is highly endemic in southern and eastern taiwan. about 80% of patients are children below 15 years of age, mostly infected after eating achatina fulica during may and ...19911822939
immunodiagnosis of angiostrongyliasis with monoclonal antibodies recognizing a circulating antigen of mol. wt 91,000 from angiostrongylus cantonensis.in the analysis of excretory-secretory (es) antigens from infective third-stage larvae (l3) of angiostrongylus cantonensis, one major component of mol.wt 91,000 was not precipitated by pooled sera of patients with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. monoclonal antibodies (mc ab) secreted from two hybridoma cell lines, established against somatic antigens of l3, recognized this molecule but with different epitope specificities indicated by an additivity index (a.i.) of 83%. the 2 mc ab (td2 and 3a5 ...19911869351
experimental infection routes of angiostrongylus cantonensis in mice.stomach intubation is the most common method used in the experimental infection of animals with angiostrongylus cantonensis. in order to compare the effectiveness of other possible transmission methods, groups of balb/c mice were given infective third-stage larvae of a. cantonensis by different routes including intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injections, and penetration of anal mucosa, vaginal mucosa, conjunctival mucosa, lacerated skin, unabraded skin, foot pad and tail skin, while stomach intu ...19911795091
transmission of angiostrongylus cantonensis through the giant african snail achatina fulica: an experimental study.observations on transmission of the rat lung worm, angiostrongylus cantonensis, from rats to the snail intermediate host. achatina fulica, in a vacant lot in bangkok are described. the prevalence of a. cantonensis increased with snail age until 200 days of age when it attained a plateau of 50-60%. the overall prevalence was 53%. the worm burden slowly rose with age until 200 days of age beyond which it remained relatively constant. the highest mean worm burden of 5,478 was observed in the oldest ...19911822886
the spliced leader gene of angiostrongylus cantonensis.a 5' leader sequence has been identified on mrnas of the parasitic nematode angiostrongylus cantonensis. a 720-bp xhoi restriction fragment containing the gene encoding the leader sequence has been cloned and sequenced. it contains a 22-nt sequence identical to that of the leader sequence of caenorhabditis elegans, a consensus splice site and a putative sm antigen binding site. the gene is present as a tandem repeating unit of approximately 60 copies, and unlike c. elegans it is not associated w ...19911922196
detection of antibodies to angiostrongylus cantonensis in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with eosinophilic meningitis.adult and young adult antigens of angiostrongylus cantonensis were purified by immuno-affinity chromatography and used to detect antibody in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf), by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), in cases of human eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis. the levels of igg, iga, igm and ige antibodies to a. cantonensis in these patients were higher than levels in control subjects. antibodies in patients detected against adult and young adult worm antigens of a. ...19912040566
angiostrongylus cantonensis abscess in the brain. 19911800649
the discovery of angiostrongylus cantonensis as a cause of human eosinophilic meningitis.the theoretical and subsequent confirmation in 1961 of the rat lungworm, angiostrongylus cantonensis, as the causative agent o f eosinophilic meningitis is one o f the remarkable parasitological findings of the twentieth century. here, joseph alicato briefly summarizes the early history and his epidemiological studies on the relationship between the parasite and the epidemics o f encephalitis that swept through oceania after the second world war.199115463478
angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in infants and young children. 19921461703
unusual manifestation of eosinophilic meningitis. 19921488715
the influence of mesocestoides corti on subsequent angiostrongylus cantonensis infections in mice.the influence of mesocestoides corti on subsequent angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in mice (c57bl/6 and balb/c) was assessed. both strains of mice infected with m. corti demonstrated a peak blood eosinophilia at around 3 weeks post-infection (p.i.). c57bl/6 and balb/c mice primarily infected with m. corti were given a. cantonensis infection 18 days later, but pre-existing m. corti infection did not affect the recovery of intracranial worms of a. cantonensis at day 21 p.i. balb/c mice with ...19921428507
eosinophilic meningitis due to angiostrongylus cantonensis. 19921620361
characterization of monoclonal antibodies against eosinophil chemotactic factors from young adult worms of angiostrongylus cantonensis.two kinds of igg1 monoclonal antibodies against eosinophil chemotactic factors (ecfs) derived from angiostrongylus cantonensis young adult worms (ya) were established. western blot analyses demonstrated that one monoclonal antibody recognized a 16.1 kd component of ya-whole worm extract, and the other an 85 kd component. these antibodies did not show any cross reactions against several helminth antigens, as assessed by elisa. the chemotactic activity of ya-whole worm extract for guinea-pig-eosin ...19921281918
first record of angiostrongylus cantonensis (chen, 1935) (nematoda: metastrongylidae) in the dominican republic.rats, rattus norvegicus, trapped in some sections (barrios) of the city of santo domingo, the capital of the dominican republic showed that 5 of them from two barrios harbored the nematode angiostrongylus cantonensis in the pulmonary artery. macerated and digested terrestrial snails, subulina octona, collected from the backyards of houses where the rats were trapped contained l2 and l3 larvae of the nematode. the morphology of the adult worms and the larvae was consistent with that described for ...19921293731
[experimental study on detection of serum antibodies by immunoenzyme staining using adult angiostrongylus cantonensis frozen section].this paper reported on the results of detection of serum antibodies in rats with angiostrongylus cantonensis infection by immunoenzyme staining of adult frozen section. the positive rates of serum antibodies in rats 2 and 4 weeks after infection were 80% and 93.3%, respectively. the result of healthy control rats was negative.19921307283
higher sensitivity of the developing larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis than the adult worms to flubendazole and mebendazole.two kinds of benzimidazoles, flubendazole and mebendazole were each administered at 10 mg/kg to rats harbouring the developing larvae of the rat lungworm, angiostrongylus cantonensis 3 or 10 days post-infection and to those harbouring the adult worms 70 days post-infection. almost all of the larvae were eliminated from the rats mediated 3 days post-infection. the larvicidal effects of the drugs administered 10 days post-infection were not so high as those 3 days post-infection. however, the grow ...19921308254
in vitro observation on egg release by angiostrongylus cantonensis from rats treated with flubendazole. 19921308258
in vitro effects of milbemycin oxime: mechanism of action against angiostrongylus cantonensis and dirofilaria immitis.the neuropharmacological mechanisms underlying the action of milbemycin oxime on the motility of angiostrongylus cantonensis and dirofilaria immitis were examined in vitro. in a. cantonensis, milbemycin oxime caused inhibitory effects at low concentrations of > or = 10(-9) g/ml, and paralysis was elicited at 10(-8) - 10(-6) g/ml. the paralysis was antagonized by picrotoxin and bicuculline but not by dibenamine. in addition, stimulatory effects were observed when the antibiotic was used at higher ...19921409536
angiostrongylus cantonensis. 19921285777
seasonal intensity of angiostrongylus cantonensis in the intermediate host, laevicaulis alte.the slug, laevicaulis alte, is a vector of angiostrongylus cantonensis in the greater bombay area. the seasonal prevalence of a. cantonensis was investigated to determine the maximum intensity of the parasite in a field population occupying an area of approximately 400 m2. the maximum intensity of larvae was observed in the rainy months, june-november. investigations showed that individual l. alte could tolerate an infecting dose of 150 first-stage a. cantonensis larvae before mortalities occurr ...19921399252
[a case of eosinophilic meningitis due to angiostrongylus cantonensis].we report a case of eosinophilic meningitis caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis. this patient, a 50-year-old male, had been eating uncooked slugs for 40 years. his chief complaints on admission were headache, fever and general fatigue. neurological examination and ct findings were normal, but the csf contained increased cells, most of which were eosinophilic cells. the presence of eosinophilic cells in the csf is by itself abnormal. we therefore suspected eosinophilic meningitis and performed ...19921431377
eosinophilic meningitis beyond the pacific basin: the global dispersal of a peridomestic zoonosis caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis, the nematode lungworm of rats.the principal etiologic agent of human eosinophilic meningitis, angiostrongylus cantonensis, was first detected in rats in canton, china in 1933. the first human case was detected on taiwan in 1944. epidemic outbreaks were noted on ponape (e. caroline is.) from 1944 to 1948. the disease may present as transient meningitis or a more severe disease involving the brain, spinal cord and nerve roots, with a characteristic eosinophilia of the peripheral blood and csf. since 1961 it has been known that ...19921738873
experimental infection of yellow tree monitor (varanus bengalensis) and related species with angiostrongylus cantonensis. 19921523474
precursors of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis for gravid angiostrongylus cantonensis (nematoda: metastrongyloidea).gravid angiostrongylus cantonensis can utilize radiolabelled bicarbonate, orotate, uracil, uridine and cytidine but not cytosine, thymine and thymidine for the synthesis of rna and dna. in cell-free extracts of the worm, a phosphoribosyltransferase was shown to convert orotate to omp and uracil to ump. a similar reaction was not observed with cytosine and thymine. uridine was readily phosphorylated by a kinase but a similar reaction for thymidine and deoxyuridine was not found. cytidine could be ...19921379574
angiostrongylus cantonensis abscess in the brain; what do we learn? 19921431977
eosinophilic meningitis due to angiostrongylus cantonensis. 19938123100
antigen dependent release of interleukin 5 in vitro from spleen cells of mice infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis.the kinetics of eosinophil growth and/or survival stimulating factors (eo-stimulating factors) released by spleen cells from a. cantonensis-infected mice were assessed by in vitro marrow cultures. when spleen cells from c57bl/6 mice 8 to 20 days p.i. were cultured with young adult a. cantonensis worm antigen or con a, almost equal amounts of eo-stimulating factors were detected in the conditioned media obtained from both stimulations. no eo-stimulating factor activity was detected in cultures fr ...19938314370
killing effect of gamma irradiation on angiostrongylus cantonensis in snails.cobalt-60 gamma irradiation was used to kill the larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis in four groups of snails that were irradiated at a rate of 15.4 gy/min for 16.23 min (0.25 kgy), 32.47 min (0.50 kgy), 48.70 min (0.75 kgy), and 64.94 min (1.00 kgy), respectively. third-stage (infected stage) larvae were isolated from these snails and 50 were administered to each experimental animal via an esophageal tube. at a dosage of 0.25 kgy, the mean +/- sd number of worms recovered from 30 rats and 30 ...19938333577
ablation of eosinophils with anti-il-5 antibody enhances the survival of intracranial worms of angiostrongylus cantonensis in the mouse.effects of depressed eosinophilia on the development of angiostrongylus cantonensis in the mouse were studied using monoclonal rat anti-mouse-interleukin-5 antibody (anti-il-5). the administration of anti-il-5 strongly depressed peripheral, cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and medullary eosinophilic responses in mice infected with a. cantonensis, when compared with groups treated with phosphate-buffered saline solution (pbs) alone or isotype-matched rat igg. there was no significant difference in a. ca ...19938361777
pathways of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis in gravid angiostrongylus cantonensis.the incorporation of radioactive precursors into pyrimidine nucleotides via de novo and salvage pathways was measured in gravid angiostrongylus cantonensis by hplc and thin-layer chromatography. 14c-labelled orotate, uridine, uracil and deoxyuridine were traced to ump, udp, utp, udp-glucose, dtmp, cmp, cdp and ctp. 3h-labelled cytidine was also incorporated into both uracil and cytosine nucleotides in a ratio of 2:1. cytosine was a major end-product for all the precursors. cytosine nucleotides w ...19938366894
studies on cryopreservation of third-stage larvae of parastrongylus cantonensis.attempts have been made to increase the survival rate of third-stage larvae of parastrongylus cantonensis during cryopreservation. parasites were obtained from experimentally infected snails, biomphalaria glabrata. the maximum non-toxic concentrations of cryoprotectants dimethyl sulphoxide (dmso) and glycerol were determined as 10% v/v in nctc 109 medium. different pre-cooling times and serum additives were assayed to determine their effects on the viability of larvae. larvae pre-cooled at -20 d ...19938509619
in vitro cultivation of the third and fourth stage larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis.the third and fourth stage larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis were cultured in various media. when the third stage larvae were cultured in rpmi 1640 supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum for four weeks, about 30% developed to the late third stage. on the other hand, when the fourth stage larvae recovered from rat brains were cultured in waymouth's chemically defined medium (mb 752/1) for one week, the worms grew rapidly and 74% developed into young adults. the mean body length of the worms i ...19938513022
[mechanism of parasite killing by eosinophils in parasitic infections].eosinophils kill a variety of helminth parasites and some protozoan parasites in vitro by antibody- or complement-dependent mechanisms. nevertheless, direct evidence of in vivo parasite killing by eosinophils is scanty. in angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in non-permissive hosts, however, the intracranial worms are killed by eosinophils in the cerebrospinal fluid, indicating that the cells are associated, not only with the protective immunity against helminthic infections, but also with the ...19938492440
[detection of serum antibodies in rats infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis by indirect fluorescent antibody test].frozen section specimens with a thickness of 4 microns were made from adult worms of angiostrongylus cantonensis in order to detect the serum antibodies in rats infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis by indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). the results showed that the positive rates of the serum samples 2 and 4 weeks after infection were 92.0% (46/50) and 100%(19/19), respectively. the results of serum samples in healthy rats and normal saline (as control) were negative. this technique p ...19938082269
eosinophilic meningitis. 19938279176
cryopreservation of angiostrongylus cantonensis third-stage larvae.an optimum protocol for the cryopreservation of third-stage larvae (l3) of angiostrongylus cantonensis was determined by: (i) use of different dimethyl sulphoxide (dmso) concentrations; (ii) use of different fbs concentrations in rpmi-1640 medium; and (iii) variation in the thawing temperature. studies showed that with concentrations of dmso at 4.8% and fbs at 40% and a thawing temperature of 43 degrees c, l3 survival assessed by motility was highest at 56%. the infectivity of the cryopreserved ...19938288855
effect of irradiation on the viability of angiostrongylus cantonensis and a. costaricensis infective larvae.infective larvae (third-stage larvae) of both angiostrongylus cantonensis and a. costaricensis from their snail intermediate host were subjected to either x-ray or gamma-ray irradiation. the viability of the irradiated larvae was assayed by oral inoculation of the larvae into rodents (a. cantonensis in mice and rats, a. costaricensis in mice only). from the results of worm recovery, the minimal dose of irradiation that inhibited the infectivity of the third-stage larvae of a. cantonensis and a. ...19938288856
the effect of cyclosporin a on angiostrongylus cantonensis infection and eosinophilia in mice.male balb/c mice were infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis and at various times p.i. treated with cyclosporin a (csa) either for 5 days continuously or intermittently, or for 12-16 days on alternate days. they were monitored for peripheral blood eosinophilia and at necropsy examined for csf and bone marrow eosinophilia, and worm recovery. csa treatment provoked a transient inhibition of peripheral blood eosinophilia in all groups examined, followed by rebounding eosinophilia. there was no s ...19938300308
[effect of the anthelminthic levamisole on the first-stage larva of angiostrongylus cantonensis in infected rats].effects of levamisole, orally administered at 1, 3, 5 or 7 successive daily doses of 30 mg/kg, on the number of first-stage larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis released in the faeces of treated rats were examined. first-stage larval counts (larvae per gram of faeces per female worm recovered, lpg/female) were conspicuously reduced 1 day after administration in all treated groups. in the group treated with a single dose, the larval counts increased 2 days after administration, but no larvae cou ...19948036245
[eosinophilic meningitis and meningoencephalitis in children].eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis is a disease commonly seen in taiwan, especially in children during the summer rainy season. most of the cases reported in other countries were adults and their clinical manifestations were different from children. studies on special clinical characteristics among 87 children in taiwan were performed. thirty-eight (43.7%) were male and 49 (56.3%) females, and 88.5% could be traced to a history of contact with the intermediate host, the giant african ...19948184688
occurrence of the infective stage of angiostrongylus cantonensis in the yellow tree monitor (varanus bengalensis) in five provinces of thailand.twenty-two yellow tree monitors (varanus bengalensis) were trapped and transported from 5 provinces, namely lampang, phitsanulok, kamphaeng phet, tak and prachin buri to look for the infective larvae stage of angiostrongylus cantonensis. in 4 provinces all of the yellow tree monitors were infected with the infective stage larvae of a. cantonensis altogether. twenty-one of the 22 yellow tree monitors (95.5%) in the five provinces were infected. our results of this study extend our knowledge of na ...19947777915
anthelmintic effect of levamisole against angiostrongylus cantonensis in mice.levamisole, in dosages of 2.5, 5, 10, and 25 mg/kg/day, was given orally by orogastric tube beginning 5, 10, 15, and 20 days after the infection of icr mice with 50 third-stage larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis. medication was given for 7, 14 or 21 consecutive days. the mice in each group were sacrificed 3 days after cessation of treatment and the brains were examined for parasites. complete anthelmintic effects could be obtained when treatment was started 10 days post-infection with dosages ...19947807609
genetic variability in isozymes of angiostrongylus malaysiensis.the genetic difference between angiostrongylus malaysiensis and a. cantonensis was assayed by electrophoretic analysis of isozymes. six enzymes were analyzed using 5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. seven of 10 loci, namely gpi-1, gpi-2, hk-1, hk-2, mdh-1, mdh-2 and pgm-2, were shown to be polymorphic, but the remaining 3 loci, ldh, me and pgm-1, were not. both a. malaysiensis and a. cantonensis were polymorphic at 6 of the loci (p = 0.600) with heterozygosity h of 0.286 and 0.151, respectiv ...19947667723
the role of eosinophils in angiostrongylus cantonensis infection.angiostrongylus cantonensis is the causative agent of human eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in the pacific islands and southeast asia. prominent eosinophilia in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of the patients has been used as one of the diagnostic criteria for the disease but the role(s) of the csf eosinophils has remained to be elucidated. in this article, kentaro yoshimura, hiroko sugaya and kazuto ishido discuss the involvement of csf eosinophils in the killing of intracranial worms and the da ...199415275458
severe forms of infection with angiostrongylus cantonensis acquired in australia and fiji. 19947980247
angiostrongylus cantonensis: characterization of thymidylate synthetase.thymidylate synthetase (ts) is the only enzyme that catalyzes the formation of thymidine nucleotides in angiostrongylus cantonensis. a fraction enriched in ts was obtained from the gravid nematode by gel filtration and affinity chromatography using methotrexate-agarose. ts, which was well separated from dihydrofolate reductase, has a relative molecular mass of 66 kda. by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate gel, a major protein band corresponding to 31 kda was observed. this band was shown ...19948001663
stage-specifically expressed genes of angiostrongylus cantonensis: identification by differential display. 19957477114
the susceptibility of five stains mice to infections with angiostrongylus cantonensis.the susceptibility to the infection of angiostrongylus cantonensis was studied in five inbred stains of mice including four h-2 haplotypes. three weeks after infection, c57 bl/10j (h-2b) and c57bl/6j (h-2b) stains of mice showed the lowest, cba (h-2k) and a/j (h-2a) stains showed intermediate, and the balb/cj (h-2d) mice showed the greatest susceptibility to infection. balb/cj mice also displayed the most body weight loss, the highest number of worms and showed the least number of days of surviv ...19957490792
detection of antibodies to surface antigens of angiostrongylus cantonensis by elisa. 19957495370
more on angiostrongylus cantonensis infection. 19957651497
detection of circulating antigens of parastrongylus cantonensis in human sera by sandwich elisa with specific monoclonal antibody.a specific monoclonal antibody (aw-3c2) as revealed by elisa was produced against the adult worm antigens of parastrongylus cantonensis and used in a sandwich elisa for the detection of circulating antigens in the sera of parastrongyliasis patients and those with other parasitic diseases. a total of 60 sera was used in this study. of these, 10 each were from patients with parastrongyliasis, cysticercosis, filariasis, gnathostomiasis, malaria and toxocariasis. the control group consisted of 53 se ...19959139382
identification of angiostrongylus cantonensis in infected rats with a coagglutination assay.the presence of angiostrongylus cantonensis excretory secretory (es) products was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of infected rats using a coagglutination assay. there was clear agglutination in 100% of csf samples tested of the rats infected with third-stage larvae of a. cantonensis and neither of the 20 non-infected rats produced agglutination. the assay detected 250 ng/ml or more of es products. this assay is simple, easy to perform with minimum training and requires no equipment.19959139383
experimental infection of five subspecies of oncomelania snails with angiostrongylus cantonensis.five subspecies of oncomelania snails, oncomelania hupensis nosophora, o.h. hupensis, o.h.chiui, o.h.formosana and o.h.quadrasi, were experimentally exposed to the first stage larvae of angiostrongylus cantonesis. the presence of third stage larvae was observed in all of the five subspecies of oncomelania snails 20 days after infection. infection rates of the third stage larvae of the parasite in oncomelania snails were 38.0-40.0%. there were no differences in preferences among oncomelania snail ...19959139392
[eosinophil meningoradiculitis caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis].the authors report the case of a 46-year-old woman who presented with an eosinophilic meningoradiculits after a trip to tahiti. because of the type of presentation of the symptomatology, the csf findings, and the spontaneously favourable outcome, it was related to an infection by angiostrongylus cantonensis. the authors review the neurological manifestations of this parasite and emphasize the different clinical aspects of infection by gnathostoma spinigerum, which causes myeloencephalitis in the ...19957481397
comparative infectivity and survival of first-stage larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis and angiostrongylus malaysiensis.angiostrongylus malaysiensis was isolated from wild rats rattus norvegicus in a seaport area of kitakyushu city, kyushu, japan in 1990. the infectivity and survival capacities of first-stage larvae of a. malaysiensis and angiostrongylus cantonensis were compared under various conditions. infectivity of first-stage larvae of the former in biomphalaria glabrata was much lower than that of the latter. in an exposure at various phs, and with various proteases and tissue homogenates of b. glabrata, t ...19957707198
in vitro effects of vd-99-11 on angiostrongylus cantonensis and isolated frog rectus.in vitro effects of vd-99-11 were examined using adult angiostrongylus cantonensis and isolated frog rectus. in a. cantonensis, paralysis was elicited by vd-99-11 at 10(-9)-10(-6) g/ml. the paralysis caused by vd-99-11 (10(-8) g/ml) was antagonized by picrotoxin or bicuculline but not by phentolamine. a relationship between vd-99-11 and gabergic antagonists was observed in worm preparations contracted by eserine or pyrantel: vd-99-11 at higher concentrations (3x10(-6) g/ml) caused a marked contr ...19957479654
effects of pf1022a on adult angiostrongylus cantonensis in the pulmonary arteries and larvae migrating into the central nervous system of rats.we examined the effects of pf1022a, newly developing in japan, on adult angiostrongylus cantonensis in the pulmonary arteries of rats. following five and ten successive oral doses at 10 mg/kg per day, the first-stage larvae in rat faeces disappeared completely at 2 weeks after treatment. the treatment completely killed the female worms, but not the male worms. however, numbers of male worms were also decreased after the administration of either five successive oral doses at 10 mg/kg per day for ...19958570576
orphon spliced-leader sequences form part of a repetitive element in angiostrongylus cantonensis.in nematodes, the 22 nucleotide (nt) spliced leader (sl) is normally encoded by a multi-copy, tandemly reiterated sl gene and is trans-spliced from sl-rna onto the 5' end of a subset of mrnas. we have found that the sl is also encoded at multiple (> 100) orphon genomic sites in the parasitic nematode angiostrongylus cantonensis. at these sites the sequence forms part of a 198 bp repetitive element (designated con-198). transcription from two genomic elements that contain the con-198 sequence has ...19957731790
parasitic infections of the central nervous system in children. part i: congenital infections and meningoencephalitis.this review article presents the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, laboratory and radiologic findings, and treatment of parasitic infections of the central nervous system in children. some obscure parasitic infections are included. to assist the clinician faced with a specific case, infections are categorized first by predominant clinical manifestations: congenital disease, meningoencephalitis, focal lesions, and disseminated multisystem disease. within the clinical categories, ...19957769177
[eosinophilic meningitis (angiostrongyloidosis). dangers of asian cooking]. 19957899375
angiostrongylus cantonensis infection from eating raw snails. 19957898546
eosinophilic meningitis. is angiostrongylus cantonensis endemic in jamaica? 19968772400
mediastinal lymph node cells of angiostrongylus cantonensis-infected rats respond to antigens and release interleukin-5 in vitro.the kinetics of eosinophil growth and/or survival stimulating factor (eo-stimulating factor) production in angiostrongylus cantonensis-infected rats was assessed by in vitro marrow cultures. when lymphocytes, obtained from cervical, mediastinal or mesenteric lymph nodes of infected wkah rats, were cultured with a. cantonensis antigens, eo-stimulating factor activity was detected in the conditioned media obtained only from mediastinal lymph node cells at and after 35 days p.i. eo-stimulating fact ...19968818735
seroepidemiology of five major zoonotic parasite infections in inhabitants of sidoarjo, east java, indonesia.we conducted a seroepidemiological survey of zoonotic parasite infection in inhabitants of east java, indonesia. the subjects of the survey were 244 persons selected from visitors to sidoarjo city hospital in east java between may 1992 and october 1993. ninety-seven had diarrhea and the rest came to the hospital for routine check-ups. all serum samples were tested for antibodies against five zoonotic parasites: toxoplasma gondii, entamoeba histolytica, toxocara canis. angiostrongylus cantonensis ...19969185269
defective b-1 cell development and impaired immunity against angiostrongylus cantonensis in il-5r alpha-deficient mice.we generated interleukin-5 receptor alpha chain (il-5r alpha)-deficient (il-5r alpha-/-) mice by gene targeting. the il-5r alpha-/- mice showed decreased numbers of b-1 cells concomitant with low serum concentrations of igm and igg3. they showed no il-5-induced enhancement of b cell responses to t-independent antigens. the number of alpha beta t cell receptor-positive thymocytes tended to decrease in 3-week-old il-5r alpha-/- mice, returning to normal by 6 weeks of age. the il-5r alpha-/- mice p ...19968630733
role of t cell subpopulations in mice infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis.when c57bl/6 mice were infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis, the percentage of t helper (cd4+) cells and t supressor (cd8+) cells in peripheral blood increased weekly until the third and seventh week respectively, and then gradually decreased. c57bl/6 mice were depleted of cd4+ and cd8+ t cells by in vivo injection of anti-cd4 and anti-cd8 monoclonal antibodies, respectively, and then infected with a. cantonensis. there were significantly more and less worms recovered in the mice depleted o ...19968960217
l ferritin accumulation in macrophages infiltrating the lung during rat angiostrongylus cantonensis infection.a 22-kda protein was increased quantitatively, as measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis techniques, in lung microsomes prepared from angiostrongylus cantonensis-infected rats. however, it was almost absent in normal rats. the protein was purified by sequential chromatography on superdex 200 columns and identified chemically and immunologically as ferritin. using isoelectric focusing and anion exchange chromatography, it was identified as l ferritin. distribution o ...19968654551
[ingestion of raw fish: a cause of eosinophilic meningitis caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis after a trip to tahiti]. 19968685114
the evaluation of the 29 and 31 kda antigens in female angiostrongylus cantonensis for serodiagnosis of human angiostrongyliasis.the objective of this study was to evaluate the crude somatic extract of female angiostrongylus cantonensis by elisa and to evaluate the 29 kda and the 31 kda components of female worm by eitb for serodiagnosis of human angiostrongyliasis. using elisa, cross reaction occurred among all sera tested except capillariasis. the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of elisa were found to be 100%, 66.8%, 27.1% and 100% respectively. using eitb, the 29 kda component cross-re ...19969279992
[parasitic infections among wild rats from two areas of kaohsiung].wild rats including four strains were captured for examination of parasitic infections. the numbers were 101 from areas of kaohsiung harbor and 98 from areas of kaohsiung airport. most of the examined wild rats were rattus norvegicus and second most were suncus murinus. the infection rates of intestinal helminths in rats of both areas did not display any significant difference. the overall infection rate was 29.6%. the infection rate was highest in r. norvegicus and the most frequently found par ...19968709181
[angiostrongylus in the infant at reunion and mayotte. apropos of 3 cases of eosinophilic meningitis including 1 fatal radiculomyeloencephalitis with hydrocephalus].background: eosinophilic meningitis caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis is widespread in southeast asia and pacific islands. adults develop a transient meningitis with a benign course but severe or fatal disease may occur in pediatric patients. case report 1: a 11 months old boy living in mayotte island was hospitalized some days after fever and skin rash with seizure status, coma, flaccid quadriplegia, absence of deep tendon reflexes, urinary retention and anal incontinence. eosinophilia was ...19979507763
detection of circulating antigens of parastrongylus cantonensis in human sera by dot-blot elisa and sandwich elisa using monoclonal antibody.a dot-blot elisa was compared with a previously performed sandwich elisa for the detection of parastrongylus cantonensis antigens in sera from patients. using the same monoclonal antibody and the same sera, 6 of 10 sera (60%) from parastronglyiasis patients were positive in dot-blot elisa, whereas with sandwich elisa, 5 of the same patient sera (50%) were positive. the specificity in both assays was 100% using 50 sera from patients with other parasitic diseases; of these, 10 each were from patie ...19979561620
humoral immune responses in mice infected with gamma-irradiated third-stage larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis.humoral immune responses in c57bl/6 strain mice infected with 1.0 kgy gamma-irradiated third-stage larvae (l3) and with non-gamma-irradiated l3 of angiostrongylus cantonensis were assessed in this study. the young-adult worm (l5) antigen-specific antibodies in sera of both groups of mice elevated gradually and reached a peak in the third week after infection. the igm antibodies of mice 1-week after infection with gamma-irradiated l3 and with non-gamma-irradiated l3 recognized several l5 antigens ...19979226968
detection of circulating antigens of parastrongylus cantonensis in human sera by sandwich elisa with specific monoclonal antibody.a specific monoclonal antibody (aw-3c2) as revealed by elisa was produced against the adult worm antigens of parastrongylus cantonensis and used in a sandwich elisa for the detection of circulating antigens in the sera of parastrongyliasis patients and those with other parasitic diseases. a total of 60 sera was used in this study. of these, 10 each were from patients with parastrongyliasis filariasis, gnathostomiasis, malaria and toxocariasis. the control group consisted of 53 serum samples from ...19979656365
influence of pf1022a on the motility of angiostrongylus cantonensis in vitro.our previous in vivo studies on angiostrongyliasis showed that pf1022a had stronger killing effects against female adults than against males. no killing effects were observed against young adult worms in the central nervous system. to characterize the former in vivo action of pf1022a, in vitro effects of pf1022a on the motility of angiostrongylus cantonensis were studied directly. few differences in the efficacy were observed between male and female worms, but dose- and time-dependent inhibition ...19979211510
induction of cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia in rats by the intraventricular injection of angiostrongylus cantonensis antigen.resistance to angiostrongylus cantonensis is contingent upon the generation of an eosinophilic response in the csf of infected hosts. we have studied the parameters required for the generation of this csf eosinophilia in normally permissive rats. we initially induced a marked peripheral eosinophilia in rats by infection with either mesocestoides corti or angiostrongylus cantonensis or the surgical transfer of a. cantonensis young adult worms (ya) into their pulmonary arteries. next, we injected ...19979076536
detection of circulating antigen by monoclonal antibodies for immunodiagnosis of angiostrongyliasis.two monoclonal antibodies, which recognize the epitope on an antigen with a molecular weight of 204 kd from the fifth-stage worm of angiostrongylus cantonensis, were previously prepared and used to detect circulating antigens in patients with eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis and in mice experimentally infected with this parasite by a double-antibody, sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the levels of this circulating antigen in experimentally infected mice were signi ...19979158049
current views on geographic distribution and modes of infection of neurohelminthic diseases.neurohelminthiases are more prevalent in geographic areas where environmental factors and poor sanitary conditions favor the parasitism between man and animals. in recent years, population shifts and rapid transport have facilitated the spread of certain helminthic diseases from endemic to non-endemic areas. although many helminthic parasites are known to cause various human diseases afflicting many millions of people in the world, neurohelminthiases are often not diagnosed because they have bee ...19979073023
neural angiostrongylosis in three captive rufous bettongs (aepyprymnus rufescens).neurological disease attributed to migration of the rat lungworm (angiostrongylus cantonensis), is described in three captive rufous bettongs (aepyprymnus rufescens). clinical signs, including ascending paralysis and multifocal neurological deficits, were similar to those seen in other species. histologically, the severity of meningoencephalomyelitis ranged from mild to moderate. in one animal cerebrospinal fluid contained a high percentage of eosinophils but peripheral blood cell counts were wi ...19979293336
stage-specific gene expression in angiostrongylus cantonensis: characterisation and expression of an adult-specific gene.we have previously used differential mrna display to identify and clone a range of cdnas derived from genes expressed in only one developmental stage of angiostrongylus cantonensis. in this paper we report the characterisation of a gene designated ac-fmp-1 and its product, expressed only in the adult stage. full length cdna of 1.5 kb terminates at the 5' end with the conserved nematode spliced leader (sl) sequence and contains one open reading frame coding for a putative protein of 417 amino-aci ...19979274869
cytokine responses in mice infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis.for determination of the kinetics of cytokine production and its possible role in host resistance to angiostrongylus cantonensis in the mouse, th1 [interleukin 2 (il-2) and interferon gamma (ifn-gamma] and th2 (il-5 and il-4) cytokine production in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf), sera, and culture supernatants of spleen cells (sc) or cervical lymph-node cells (clnc) of infected balb/c and c57bl/6 mice was assessed by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). il-5 and il-4 were detecte ...19979000226
[angiostrongylosis in infants in reunion and mayotte. apropos of 3 cases of eosinophilic meningitis including 1 fatal radiculo-myeloencephalitis with hydrocephalus].eosinophilic meningitis caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis is widespread in southeast asia and pacific islands. adults develop a transient meningitis with a benign course but severe or fatal disease may occur in pediatric patients.19979230991
eosinophilia and intracranial worm recovery in interleukin-5 transgenic and interleukin-5 receptor alpha chain-knockout mice infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis.we infected interleukin-5 (il-5)-transgenic (il-5-tg) and il-5 receptor alpha knockout (il-5r alpha -/-) mice with angiostrongylus cantonensis to determine the possible roles of il-5 and eosinophils in a. cantonensis infection in mice. il-5-tg mice demonstrated significantly higher eosinophilia in bone marrow, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (csf), lower intracranial worm recovery and smaller female worms than naive c3h/hen mice. both il-5-tg and c3h/hen mice evoked antigen-specific serum and csf ...19979211511
[occurrence of achatina fulica bowdich, 1822 (mollusca, gastropoda) in brazil: intermediate snail host of angiostrongyliasis].achatina fulica, the intermediate snail host of angiostrongyliasis and also an agricultural pest, is being bred in brazil for human consumption as "escargot". the snail has escaped from its artificial breeding sites and its dispersal in itariri country, state of s. paulo, is reported here for the first time. a. fulica is a transmitter of the rat lungworm angiostrongylus cantonensis, nematode which causes meningoencephalic angiostrongyliasis; the risks of human contamination are commented on.19979515269
[2 murine angiostrongyliasis in the caribbean and their human consequences: a menace for haiti?]. 19979612787
a survey of helminth infection in rats (rattus spp) from chiang mai moat.an investigation of helminths in the norway (brown) rat, rattus norvegicus, and roof rat, rattus rattus, from chiang mai moat during may to august 1995, was done. thirty-three out of thirty-eight trapped rats were infected (86.84%); 16 r. norvegicus (100%) and 17/22 r. rattus (77.27%). the rat was infected with 10 helminth species: 4 trematodes, centrocestus sp (2.63%), echinostoma ilocanum (10.52%), echinostoma malayanum (10.52%) and quinqueseralis quinqueseralis (39.47%); 2 cestodes, raillieti ...19979656373
angiostrongylus infections in rats and snails in northeast thailand.a survey of angiostrongylus infections in rats and snails was carried out in the provinces of ubon ratchathani, udon thani. kalasin, chaiyaphum and khon kaen in northeast thailand. only two rattus norvegicus (3.8%) and one bandicota indica (1.4%) out of 151 r. rattus, 52 r. norvegicus and 69 b. indica examined were infected with adult lung worms. all worms recovered were a. cantonensis. prevalence of infection in 423 pila polita was 0.9% while all of 77 p. ampullacea were negative for larvae. in ...19979656375
intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulins in eosinophilic meningoencephalitis due to angiostrongylus cantonensis.eosinophilic meningoencephalitis due to the nematode angiostrongylus cantonensis, which is endemic to cuba, occurs in children and is due to accidental contact with soil snails. the course is less often fatal than in adult patients in southeastern asia. cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and serum samples from 24 pediatric patients were analyzed and evaluated in csf/serum quotient diagrams (reiber graphs) to characterize the neuroimmunological response and the blood-csf barrier dysfunction that occur in ...19989665947
[eosinophilic meningitis due to angiostrongylus cantonensis].angiostrongylus cantonensis is the most common etiological agent of eosinophilic meningitis. adults are harbored in the pulmonary arteries of rats. larvae develop within various natural (mollusks) and paratenic (snails...) hosts. after ingestion, larvae reach the human central nervous system where they cannot complete their life cycle. this zoonosis is usually seen in southeast asia and south pacific islands. nevertheless, a few imported cases have been reported in western countries, possible be ...19989773048
[meningoencephalomyelitis due to angiostrongylus cantonensis with lung involvement]. 19989803560
[laboratory diagnosis of protozoan and parasitic infections. 2. helminthiasis. f. angiostrongyliasis cantonensis]. 19989921258
cerebrospinal angiostrongyliasis in five captive tamarins (sanguinus spp).four cotton-top tamarins (sanguinus oedipus oedipus) and one emperor tamarin (s imperator subgrisescens) housed in a zoo became depressed, anorexic, paraparetic and eventually paralysed. the animals died within 5 days to 18 months of the appearance of clinical signs. histological examination showed nonsuppurative and eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, and metastrongyle nematode larvae were found within subarachnoid spaces of all animals and within the spinal cord of one. intact larvae with featur ...19989578750
[a case of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis with unique brain mri findings].a 17-year-old japanese girl was admitted to our hospital because of meningeal irritation, hyperesthesia of extremities, and disturbance of consciousness after having traveled to okinawa in february, 1996. examination on admission revealed pleocytosis of csf with many eosinophils (65%) and increased eosinophils (25%) in the peripheral blood. the history and clinical symptoms were suggestive of a parasitic infection. we diagnosed the patient as having eosinophilic meningoencephalitis caused by ang ...19989597905
eosinophilic meningitis/angiostrongyliasis from eating aquaculture-raised snails: a case report. 19989844300
the role of cd4+ and cd8+ t-cells in host morbidity and innate resistance to angiostrongylus cantonensis in the mouse.strain-dependent differences in host morbidity and mortality due to angiostrongylus cantonensis infection have been established between c57bl/6 and balb/c mice; c57bl/6 mice show rapid worm killing with low morbidity, whereas balb/c mice indicate slow worm killing with high morbidity and mortality. to determine the possible roles of cd4+ and cd8+ t-cells in host morbidity and innate resistance to a. cantonensis infection we treated c57bl/6 and balb/c mice with anti-cd4 or anti-cd8 monoclonal ant ...19989493206
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