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a simple enzymatic synthesis of 4-nitrophenyl beta-1,4-d-xylobioside, a chromogenic substrate for assay and differentiation of endoxylanases.a simple procedure has been elaborated for preparation of 4-nitrophenyl beta-d-xylopyranosyl-1,4-beta-d-xylopyranoside (npx(2)), a chromogenic substrate of some endo-beta-1,4-xylanases. the procedure is based on a self-transfer reaction from 4-nitrophenyl beta-d-xylopyranoside catalyzed by an aureobasidium pullulans and aspergillus niger beta-xylosidases. both enzymes catalyzed only the formation of 4-nitrophenyl glycosides of beta-1,4-xylobiose with a small admixture of 4-nitrophenyl glycoside ...200717223215
salt stress and plasma-membrane fluidity in selected extremophilic yeasts and yeast-like fungi.we have investigated changes in plasma-membrane fluidity in relation to nacl concentrations in yeasts and yeast-like fungi that were isolated from either subglacial ice or hypersaline waters. in both of these natural environments, these organisms are exposed to low water activity, due to either high nacl concentrations or low temperatures. our data indicate that the fluidity of the plasma membrane can be used as an indicator of fitness for survival in extreme environments. fungi that can survive ...200717298474
association between sensitization to aureobasidium pullulans (pullularia sp) and severity of asthma.recent data indicate that fungi may contribute to increased severity of asthma.200717304882
purification and characterization of an alkaline protease from the marine yeast aureobasidium pullulans for bioactive peptide production from different sources.the extracellular alkaline protease in the supernatant of cell culture of the marine yeast aureobasidium pullulans 10 was purified to homogeneity with a 2.1-fold increase in specific protease activity as compared to that in the supernatant by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration chromatography (sephadex g-75), and anion-exchange chromatography (deae sepharose fast flow). according to the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis data, the molecular mass of the purified ...200717345116
pullulan production by tropical isolates of aureobasidium pullulans.tropical isolates of aureobasidium pullulans previously isolated from distinct habitats in thailand were characterized for their capacities to produce the valuable polysaccharide, pullulan. a. pullulans strain nrm2, the so-called "color variant" strain, was the best producer, yielding 25.1 g pullulan l(-1) after 7 days in sucrose medium with peptone as the nitrogen source. pullulan from strain nrm2 was less pigmented than those from the other strains and was remarkably pure after a simple ethano ...200716909265
gluconic acid production.gluconic acid, the oxidation product of glucose, is a mild neither caustic nor corrosive, non toxic and readily biodegradable organic acid of great interest for many applications. as a multifunctional carbonic acid belonging to the bulk chemicals and due to its physiological and chemical characteristics, gluconic acid itself, its salts (e.g. alkali metal salts, in especially sodium gluconate) and the gluconolactone form have found extensively versatile uses in the chemical, pharmaceutical, food, ...200719075839
influence of different sugars on pullulan production and activities of α-phosphoglucose mutase, udpg-pyrophosphorylase and glucosyltransferase involved in pullulan synthesis in aureobasidium pullulans y68.effects of different sugars on pullulan production, udp-glucose level, and activities of α-phosphoglucose mutase, udpg-pyrophosphorylase and glucosyltransferase in aureobasidium pullulans y68 were examined. it was found that more pullulan was produced when the yeast strain was grown in the medium containing glucose than when it was cultivated in the medium supplementing other sugars. our results demonstrate that when more pullulan was synthesized, less udp-glucose was left in the cells of a. pul ...200826048225
pullulan: microbial sources, production and applications.pullulan is a water-soluble glucan gum produced aerobically by growing a yeast like fungus aureobasidium pullulans. it is a regularly repeating copolymer with the chemical structure {→6)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→}n. thus the polysaccharide is viewed as a succession of α-(1→6)-linked (1→4)-α-d-triglucosides i.e. maltotriose (g3). pullulan have a wide range of commercial and industrial applications in many fields like food science, health care, pharma ...200826048217
endophytic and epiphytic phyllosphere fungi of camellia japonica: seasonal and leaf age-dependent variations.seasonal and leaf age-dependent variations in the endophytic and epiphytic phyllosphere fungal assemblages of camellia japonica were examined and compared. live leaves of c. japonica were collected in four seasons (may, aug, nov, feb), and fungi were isolated from healthy-looking leaves of 0, 1, 2 and 3 y old. the infection rate and total number of endophytic fungi increased may-feb, and species richness of endophytes increased as leaves aged. in contrast the infection rate of epiphytic fungi wa ...200818751546
marine killer yeasts active against a yeast strain pathogenic to crab portunus trituberculatus.some marine yeasts have recently been recognised as pathogenic agents in crab mariculture, but may be inhibited or killed by 'killer' yeast strains. we screened multiple yeast strains from seawater, sediments, mud of salterns, guts of marine fish, and marine algae for killer activity against the yeast metchnikowia bicuspidata wcy (pathogenic to crab portunus trituberculatus), and found 17 strains which could secrete toxin onto the medium and kill the pathogenic yeast. of these, 5 strains had sig ...200818814546
aureobasidium pullulans peritonitis: case report and review of the literature. 200818981405
aureobasidium pullulans contamination in bronchial aspirates mimicking cryptococcosis: a rare diagnostic pitfall. 200818985533
strains of aureobasidium pullulans can lower ochratoxin a contamination in wine grapes.wine contamination with ochratoxin a (ota) is due to the attack of wine grapes by ochratoxigenic aspergillus carbonarius and aspergillus spp. section nigri. four a. pullulans strains, au14-3-1, au18-3b, au34-2, and ls30, are resistant to and actively degrade ochratoxin a in vitro. the less toxic ochratoxin alpha and the aminoacid l-beta-phenylalanine were the major degradation products, deriving from the cleavage of the amide bond linking these two moieties of ota. the same strains were studied ...200819000000
redefinition of aureobasidium pullulans and its varieties.using media with low water activity, a large numbers of aureobasidium-like black yeasts were isolated from glacial and subglacial ice of three polythermal glaciers from the coastal arctic environment of kongsfjorden (svalbard, spitsbergen), as well as from adjacent sea water, sea ice and glacial meltwaters. to characterise the genetic variability of aureobasidium pullulans strains originating from the arctic and strains originating pan-globally, a multilocus molecular analysis was performed, thr ...200819287524
expression of fatty-acid-modifying enzymes in the halotolerant black yeast aureobasidium pullulans (de bary) g. arnaud under salt stress.multiple tolerance to stressful environmental conditions of the black, yeast-like fungus aureobasidium pullulans is achieved through different adaptations, among which there is the restructuring of the lipid composition of their membranes. here, we describe three novel genes encoding fatty-acid-modifying enzymes in a. pullulans, along with the levels of their mrnas under different salinity conditions. high levels of delta(9)-desaturase and delta(12)-desaturase mrnas were seen at high salinities, ...200819287526
fungal communities in herbaceous medicinal plants from the malnad region, southern india.fungal communities were isolated from surface sterilized leaf segments of nine ethnopharmaceutically important medicinal herbs collected from the bhadra river project area, the malnad region, southern india. a total of 2159 isolates belonging to 55 different fungal species were isolated from 3600 leaf segments collected during the wet and dry seasons. chaetomium globosum (7.3%), aureobasidium pullulans (6.1%), cladosporium cladosporioides (3.9%), curvularia lunata (1.9%), nigrospora oryzae (1.7% ...200821558683
pullulan-hyperproducing color variant strain of aureobasidium pullulans fb-1 newly isolated from phylloplane of ficus sp.the studies were carried out for the isolation of efficient pullulan producing strains of aureobasidium pullulans. five strains were isolated from phylloplane of different plants. amongst these, three were producing black pigment melanin, while the remaining two produced pink pigment. these two color variant isolates of a. pullulans were designated as fb-1 and fg-1, and obtained from phylloplane of ficus benjamina and ficus glometa, respectively. the parameters employed for the identification of ...200817869506
cloning, characterization and expression of the extracellular lipase gene from aureobasidium pullulans hn2-3 isolated from sea saltern.the extracellular lipase structural gene was isolated from cdna of aureobasidium pullulans hn2-3 by using smart(tm) race cdna amplification kit. the gene had an open reading frame of 1245 bp long encoding a lipase. the coding region of the gene was interrupted by only one intron (55 bp). it encodes 414 amino acid residues of a protein with a putative signal peptide of 26 amino acids. the protein sequence deduced from the extracellular lipase structural gene contained the lipase consensus sequenc ...200818340544
effects of melanin on the accumulation of exopolysaccharides by aureobasidium pullulans grown on nitrate.aureobasidium pullulans produced pullulan and melanin when grown in medium containing low nitrate levels. with high nitrate concentrations, however, this fungus produced a mixture of exopolysaccharides (eps) without melanin synthesis. at 0.78 g l(-1) n as nitrate, where no melanin synthesis occurred, maximum eps yields reached 6.92 g l(-1) and then decreased to the final yield of 2.36 g l(-1). following melanin addition (0.1 g l(-1)), yields reached 7.02 g l(-1) at 48 h and fell to a final yield ...200818374564
characterization of a family 54 alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from aureobasidium pullulans.a glycosyl hydrolase family 54 (gh54) alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase gene (abfa) of aureobasidium pullulans was amplified by polymerase chain reaction from genomic dna and a 498-amino-acid open reading frame deduced from the dna sequence. modeling of the highly conserved a. pullulans abfa protein sequence on the crystal structure of aspergillus kawachii akabfb showed that the catalytic amino acid arrangement and overall structure were highly similar including the n-terminal catalytic and c-terminal ...200817955189
production of fructooligosaccharides by crude enzyme preparations of beta-fructofuranosidase from aureobasidium pullulans.fructooligosaccharides (fos) were produced from sucrose by using crude enzyme preparations of beta-fructofuranosidases (ffases) obtained from sucrose-cultured cells of aureobasidium pullulans dsm 2404. when the preparation mainly consisted of ffase i, that has high transfructosylating activity, the fos yield was 62%. when the reaction was carried out with additional commercial glucose isomerase (gi) at an activity ratio of ffase and gi of 1:2, the maximum fos yield reached 69%. this value was hi ...200817968507
analysis of fungal flora in indoor dust by ribosomal dna sequence analysis, quantitative pcr, and culture.in recent years increasing attention has been given to the potential health effects of fungal exposure in indoor environments. we used large-scale sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer region (its) of nuclear ribosomal dna to describe the mycoflora of two office buildings over the four seasons. dna sequencing was complemented by cultivation, ergosterol determination, and quantitative pcr analyses. sequences of 1,339 clones were clustered into 394 nonredundant fungal operational ta ...200817981947
psychrophilic yeasts in glacial environments of alpine glaciers.the presence of psychrophilic yeasts in supra- and subglacial sediments, ice and meltwater collected from two glaciers of the italian alps (forni and sforzellina-ortles-cevedale group) was investigated. after incubation at 4 degrees c, subglacial sediments contained from 1.3 x 10(3) to 9.6 x 10(3) cfu of yeasts g(-1). the number of yeast cells in supraglacial sediments was c. 10-100-fold lower. a significant proportion of isolated yeasts exhibited one or more extracellular enzymatic activities ( ...200818067577
strain-specific detection of two aureobasidium pullulans strains, fungal biocontrol agents of fire blight by new, developed multiplex-pcr.the aim of this study was to develop a specific and sensitive identification method for two aureobasidium pullulans biocontrol strains, cf10 and cf40, based on a sequence-characterized amplified region (scar) derived from rapd - and multiplex-rapd pcr analysis.200818070035
fungal diversity of norway spruce litter: effects of site conditions and premature leaf fall caused by bark beetle outbreak.fungi play an important role in leaf litter decomposition due to their ability to break down the lignocellulose matrix, which other organisms are unable to digest. however, little is known regarding the factors affecting components of fungal diversity. here, we quantified richness of internal fungi in relation to litter nutrient and phenolic concentrations, sampling season (spring or fall), and premature leaf shedding due to low precipitation and infestation of bark beetles (mainly ips typograph ...200818095016
simultaneous production of pullulan and biosorption of metals by aureobasidium pullulans strain ch-1 on peat hydrolysate.it was demonstrated that during the growth of aureobasidium pullulans strain ch-1 on the acid hydrolysate of peat from the vlasina lake, the content of metals (cu, fe, zn, mn, pb, cd, ni and cr) decreased due to biosorption. the reduction in the metal content was found to be in the range (%): 38.2-62.2, 67.7-97.3, 0.02-62.05, 0.05-23.97, 0.16-4.24, 3.45-51.72, 1.18-35.82, 0.86-44.44, for cu, fe, zn, mn, pb, cd, ni and cr, respectively. during this process, the metals were accumulated in the biom ...200818166451
cloning, characterization, and expression of the gene encoding alkaline protease in the marine yeast aureobasidium pullulans 10.the alkaline protease structural gene (alp1 gene) was isolated from both the genomic dna and cdna of aureobasidium pullulans 10 by inverse pcr and rt-pcr. an open reading frame of 1248 bp encoding a 415 amino-acid protein with calculated molecular weight of 42.9 kda was characterized. the gene contained two introns, which had 54 bp and 50 bp, respectively. the promoter of alp1 gene was located from -62 to -112 and had two ccaat boxes and one tata box. the terminator of alp1gene contained the seq ...200818172722
yeasts and yeast-like fungi associated with tree bark: diversity and identification of yeasts producing extracellular endoxylanases.a total of 239 yeast strains was isolated from 52 tree bark samples of the medaram and srisailam forest areas of andhra pradesh, india. based on analysis of d1/d2 domain sequence of 26s rrna gene, 114 strains were identified as ascomycetous; 107 strains were identified as basidiomycetous yeasts; and 18 strains were identified as yeast-like fungi. among the ascomycetous yeasts, 51% were identified as members of the genus pichia, and the remaining 49% included species belonging to the genera clavi ...200818219522
chromate removal by yeasts isolated from sediments of a tanning factory and a mine site in argentina.twenty-one yeast-like microorganisms were isolated from tannery effluents and from a nickel-copper mine in argentina. they were tested for their cu(ii), ni(ii), cd(ii) and cr(vi) tolerance in qualitative assays on solid medium. three isolates were selected for their multiple tolerance to the different heavy metals and highest tolerance to cr(vi). according to morphological and physiological analysis and 26s rdna d1/d2 domain sequences the isolates were characterized as: lecythophora sp. ngv-1, c ...200818528763
catheter-related septicemia due to aureobasidium pullulans. 200818450495
culturable fungi of stored 'golden delicious' apple fruits: a one-season comparison study of organic and integrated production systems in switzerland.the effects of organic and integrated production systems on the culturable fungal microflora of stored apple fruits from five matched pairs of certified organic and integrated 'golden delicious' farms were studied at five representative production sites in switzerland. isolated fungi were identified morphologically. colonization frequency (percentage of apples colonized), abundance (colony numbers), and diversity (taxon richness) were assessed for each orchard. the standard quality of the stored ...200818473135
chromatographic separation and kinetic properties of fructosyltransferase from aureobasidium pullulans.efficient chromatographic separation of fructosyltransferase from aureobasidium pullulans was achieved on a preparative scale using a weak anion-exchanger sepabeads fp-da. the recovery yield was about 70% and the purification factor reached a value of 28. the molecular weight of the enzyme determined by size-exclusion chromatography was 570,000. the enzyme exhibited both hydrolytic and transferase activity when the latter was higher in the whole concentration range and completely dominating at h ...200818394739
development of a novel pcr assay for the identification of the black yeast, exophiala (wangiella) dermatitidis from adult patients with cystic fibrosis (cf).cystic fibrosis (cf) patients may suffer increased morbidity and mortality through colonisation, allergy and invasive infection from fungi. the black yeast, exophiala dermatitidis (synonym wangiella dermatitidis) has been found with increasing frequency in sputum specimens of cf patients, with reported isolation rates ranging from 1.1 to 15.7%. at present, no diagnostic pcr exists to aid with the clinical laboratory detection and identification of this organism. a novel species-specific pcr-base ...200818571996
structural characterisation and biological activities of a unique type beta-d-glucan obtained from aureobasidium pullulans.a beta-d-glucan obtained from aureobasidium pullulans (ap-fbg) exhibits various biological activities: it exhibits antitumour and antiosteoporotic effects and prevents food allergies. an unambiguous structural characterisation of ap-fbg is still awaited. the biological effects of beta-d-glucan are known to depend on its primary structures, conformation, and molecular weight. here, we elucidate the primary structure of ap-fbg by nmr spectroscopy, and evaluate its biological activities. its struct ...200818587644
alkaline protease gene cloning from the marine yeast aureobasidium pullulans hn2-3 and the protease surface display on yarrowia lipolytica for bioactive peptide production.the alkaline protease genes (cdnaalp2 gene and alp2 gene) were amplified from complementary dna (cdna) and genomic dna of the marine yeast aureobasidium pullulans hn2-3, respectively. an open reading frame of 1,248 bp encoding a 415-amino acid protein with a calculated molecular weight of 42.9 kda was characterized. the alp2 gene contained two introns, which had 54 and 52 bp, respectively. when the cdnaalp2 gene was cloned into the multiple cloning sites of the surface display vector pina1317-yl ...200918629587
response surface optimization of the critical medium components for pullulan production by aureobasidium pullulans fb-1.culture conditions for pullulan production by aureobasidium pullulans were optimized using response surface methodology at shake flask level without ph control. in the present investigation, a five-level with five-factor central composite rotatable design of experiments was employed to optimize the levels of five factors significantly affecting the pullulan production, biomass production, and sugar utilization in submerged cultivation. the selected factors included concentration of sucrose, ammo ...200918427743
phenol degradation by aureobasidium pullulans fe13 isolated from industrial effluents.the degradation of phenol (2-30 mm) by free cells and by alginate-immobilized cells of aureobasidium pullulans fe13 isolated from stainless steel effluents was studied in batch cultures with saline solution not supplemented with nutrients or yeast extract. the rate at which the immobilized cells degrade phenol was similar to the rate at which the suspended cells could degrade phenol, for a concentration of up to 16 mm of phenol. the maximum phenol volumetric degradation rate for 16 mm phenol was ...200918541369
childhood hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with fungal contamination of indoor hydroponics.childhood hypersensitivity pneumonitis (hp) is often associated with exposure to antigens in the home environment. we describe a case of hp associated with indoor hydroponics in a 14-year-old girl. water samples from hydroponics revealed aureobasidium pullulans as the dominant fungal micro-organism (10(4)cfu/ml). the diagnosis is supported by the existence of serum precipitating antibodies against a. pullulans, lymphocytic alveolitis on bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid, a corresponding reactio ...200918375180
isolation and characterization of bacterial endophytes of chelidonium majus l.the aim of this study was to isolate and identify endophytic bacteria from stems of chelidonium majus l. (greater celandine) and to evaluate their antifungal properties. in total, 34 bacterial endophyte strains were isolated. the fungistatic effects of these bacteria on the growth of five moulds (alternaria alternata, chaetonium sp., paecilomyces variotti, byssochlamys fulva, aureobasidium pullulans) and one species of black yeast (exophiala mesophila) were tested. the majority of the bacterial ...200920380146
culture conditions affect the chemical composition of the exopolysaccharide synthesized by the fungus aureobasidium pullulans.to identify if culture conditions affect the chemical composition of exopolysaccharide (eps) produced by aureobasidium pullulans.200919320956
production of pigment-free pullulan by swollen cell in aureobasidium pullulans ng which cell differentiation was affected by ph and nutrition.a black yeast strain "ng" was isolated from strawberry fruit and identified as aureobasidium pullulans. strain ng displayed yeast-like cell (yl), swollen cell (sc), septate swollen cell (ssc), meristematic structure (ms), and chlamydospore (ch) morphologies. ph was the key factor regulating cell morphogenesis of strain ng. differentiation of yl controlled by extracellular ph had no relationship with nutrition level. yl was maintained at ph >6.0, but was transformed into sc at ph approximately 4. ...200919333596
involvement of branched units at position 6 in the reactivity of a unique variety of beta-d-glucan from aureobasidium pullulans to antibodies in human sera.we recently determined the structure of a unique type of 1,3-beta-d-glucan obtained from aureobasidium pullulans (ap-fbg) and found that it reacted with the antibodies in human sera. the reactivity of ap-fbg to the antibodies was stronger than that of 1,3-beta-d-glucan obtained grifola frondosa (grn) but weaker than that of 1,3-beta-d-glucan from candida albicans (csbg). here, we demonstrated that ap-fbg reacted to igg antibodies, especially those of the subclasses igg2, igg1, and igg3, in human ...200919352033
chemical and biological characterization of siderophore produced by the marine-derived aureobasidium pullulans hn6.2 and its antibacterial activity.after analysis using hplc and electronic ion spray mass spectroscopy, the purified siderophore produced by the marine-derived aureobasidium pullulans hn6.2 was found to be fusigen. the purified desferric fusigen still had strong inhibition of growth of the pathogenic vibrio anguillarum while the fusigen chelated by fe3+ lost the ability to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic bacterium. the added iron in the medium repressed expression of the hydroxylase gene encoding ornithine n5-oxygenase that ...200919459055
polygalacturonase secreted by yeasts from brazilian semi-arid environments.microbial pectinolytic enzymes are known to play a commercially important role in a number of industrial processes. the objective of this study was to investigate the extracellular polygalacturonases of yeasts isolated from brazilian semi-arid environments. among the 250 colonies tested, only 33 produced extracellular polygalacturonases: aureobasidium pullulans (18 isolates), candida boidinii (one isolate), trichosporonoides sp. (three isolates), kluyveromyces marxianus (one isolate), cryptococc ...200919462328
microbial content of house dust samples determined with qpcr.this study was designed to produce information about microbial concentrations using qpcr and their variation in different seasons and home environments with analyses of two types of house dust samples. also the correlations between the two types of samples and the reproducibility of the parallel subsamples were studied. two types of vacuumed house dust samples, rug dust and vacuum cleaner bag dust, were collected in 5 normal urban homes in four different seasons (n=20+20). from all dust samples, ...200919473690
cloning and molecular characterization of the gene encoding the aureobasidin a biosynthesis complex in aureobasidium pullulans bp-1938.the gene (aba1) encoding the nrps complex responsible for the synthesis of the cyclic peptide antibiotic aureobasidin a (aba) in aureobasidium pullulans bp-1938, was cloned using a combination of pcr and library screening approaches. the aba1 gene was found to consist of a single, intronless open reading frame (orf) of 34,980 bp, encoding an 11,659 amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 1,286,254 da. putative promoter and translation start elements were identified upstream from t ...200919084058
phenotypic and genotypic diversity among strains of aureobasidium pullulans in comparison with related species.intra-specific diversity of 200 aureobasidium pullulans strains isolated from different sources and their relatives kabatiella lini cbs 125.21 t and hormonema prunorum cbs 933.72 t were studied by assessment of macromorphological, and physiological tests, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique (sds-page) of whole-cell proteins as well as enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric)-, repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep)- and box-pcr techniques (collectiv ...200919123008
siderophore production by the marine-derived aureobasidium pullulans and its antimicrobial activity.over 300 yeast strains isolated from different marine environments were screened for their ability to produce siderophore. among them, only the yeast strain hn6.2 which was identified to be aureobasidium pullulans was found to produce high level of the siderophore. under the optimal conditions, this yeast strain could produce 1.1mg/ml of the siderophore. the crude siderophore produced by the yeast strain hn6.2 was able to inhibit cell growth of vibrio anguillarum and vibrio parahaemolyticus, iso ...200919162476
bioproducts from aureobasidium pullulans, a biotechnologically important yeast.it has been well documented that aureobasidium pullulans is widely distributed in different environments. different strains of a. pullulans can produce amylase, proteinase, lipase, cellulase, xylanase, mannanase, transferases, pullulan, siderophore, and single-cell protein, and the genes encoding proteinase, lipase, cellulase, xylanase, and siderophore have been cloned and characterized. therefore, like aspergillus spp., it is a biotechnologically important yeast that can be used in different fi ...200919198830
[risk factor for lifestyle and way of living for symptoms of sick building syndrome: epidemiological survey in japan].to investigate the association among symptoms of sick building syndrome (sbs). self-reported questionnaire and indoor environmental surveys of newly build dwellings in japan were conducted.200919502765
protective effects of water-soluble low-molecular-weight beta-(1,3-1,6)d-glucan purified from aureobasidium pullulans gm-nh-1a1 against uft toxicity in mice.5-fluorouracil and its derivatives are widely used in the treatment of a variety of tumours. however, their use is associated with gastrointestinal toxicity, myelotoxicity and immune toxicity. in this study, we examined the protective effects of low-molecular-weight beta-glucan isolated from aureobasidium pullulans gm-nh-1a1 against toxicity of uft (combination of tegafur (1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil) and uracil) in mice bearing colon 26 tumours.200919505371
internal contamination and spoilage of harvested apples by patulin-producing and other toxigenic fungi.a total of 424 apple samples comprised of six varieties (gala, red delicious, golden delicious, fuji, granny smith, and braeburn) were analyzed for internal fungal contamination. two hundred sixteen apples were incubated intact for 2-4 weeks at room temperature. the cores of the remaining 208 apples were aseptically removed and incubated without supplemental media at room temperature for 3 weeks. after the incubation period was over, the mycological profiles of the analyzed samples were determin ...200919524316
multilocus phylogenetic analyses, pullulan production and xylanase activity of tropical isolates of aureobasidium pullulans.aureobasidium pullulans is the source of the commercially valuable polysaccharide pullulan and the enzyme xylanase. isolates are typically off-white to pale pink or black on solid media, while some tropical isolates have been described as 'color variants' with bright pigments of red, yellow or purple. we sequenced 5 loci (internal transcribed spacer, intergenic spacer 1, translation elongation factor-1 alpha, beta tubulin, and rna polymerase ii) from 45 new isolates from thailand. based on the p ...200919619651
different drying technologies and alternation of mycobiots in the raw material of hyssopus officinalis l.contamination of medicinal plant mass with mycobiots is one of the negative factors deteriorating the quality of raw material. in order to evaluate the impact of the yield processing technologies upon the changes of mycobiots in raw material, the mycobiotic conditions of herb hyssop (hyssopus officinalis l.) raw material were evaluated under various regimes of active ventilation and optimization of the drying parameters. the impact of ventilation intensity and temperature of drying agent upon th ...200919630202
a highly branched 1,3-beta-d-glucan extracted from aureobasidium pullulans induces cytokine production in dba/2 mouse-derived splenocytes.we recently elucidated the structure of a highly branched 1,3-beta-d-glucan with 6-monoglucopyranosyl side chains, extracted from aureobasidium pullulans (ap-fbg). although the biological effects of beta-d-glucans are known to depend on their structures, the effects of a highly branched 1,3-beta-d-glucan on the production of cytokines by leukocytes in mice have not yet been elucidated. in this study, we found that ap-fbg strongly induced the production of various cytokines, especially th1 cytoki ...200919729078
properties of alkaline protease genetically engineered on cell surface of the yeast yarrowia lipolytica.alp2 gene encoding alkaline protcase cloned from aureobasidium pullulans hn2-3 was ligated into the surface display plasmid and expressed in the cells of the yeast yarrowia lipolytica. the expressed alkaline protease was immobilized on the yeast cells. the activity of the immobilized enzyme with 6 x his tag was found to be significantly higher than that of without 6 x his tag. the immobilized enzyme showed lower optimal temperature and a lower affinity for azocasein than the free enzyme purified ...200919788061
the concentration of polysaccharides and proteins in eps of pseudomonas putida and aureobasidum pullulans as revealed by 13c cpmas nmr spectroscopy.extracellular polymeric substances were extracted from the bacterial strain pseudomonas putida and the fungal species aureobasidium pullulans using three different methods (formaldehyde-naoh, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) and cation-exchange-resin). the composition of the extracellular polymeric substances (eps) was analysed by biochemical and high-resolution solid state 13c nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopic methods. the eps yield was strongly dependent on the extraction me ...200919795119
phenotypic plasticity in fungi: a review with observations on aureobasidium pullulans.phenotypic plasticity in fungi is reviewed in the context of observations on phenotypic changes in the colony morphology of the fungus aureobasidium pullulans. the variation in colony form is shown to depend on (i) the types of single carbon substrates (sugars and sugar alcohols) used in the growth medium, (ii) colony age, (iii) incubation temperature, (iv) light cycle and (v) substrate type. expanding colonies grow in a developmental sequence that show synchronize growth phase shifts as well as ...200919927747
extended fungal skin infection due to aureobasidium pullulans.black yeasts are a rare cause of infections especially in europe, yet their pathological significance is increasing, particularly in cases of immunosuppression. we report a 53-year-old immunocompetent woman with an extensive skin infection due to aureobasidium pullulans, who responded well to treatment with liposomal amphotericin b.200920055859
immunomodulatory effects of aureobasidium pullulans sm-2001 exopolymers on the cyclophosphamide-treated mice.the immunomodulatory effects of exopolymers of aureobasidium pullulans sm-2001 containing beta-1,3/1,6-glucan were evaluated on the cyclophosphamide (cpa)-treated mice. to induce immunosuppress, 150 and 110 mg/kg of cpa were intraperitoneally injected at 1 and 3 days before start of test material administrations, respectively. exopolymers were subcutaneously or orally administered in a volume of 10 ml/kg, 4 times; 12-hr intervals from 24 hrs after second treatment of cpa. after treatment of exop ...201020208453
yeasts associated with nectarines and their potential for biological control of brown rot.resident fruit microflora has been the source of biocontrol agents for the control of postharvest decay of fruits and the active ingredient in commercialized biocontrol products. with the exception of grapes and apples, information on the resident microflora of other fruits is only fragmentary, but greater knowledge in this area can be very helpful in developing biocontrol strategies. we characterized the yeast microflora of nectarines ('croce del sud') from the early stages of fruit development ...201020225339
isolation and taxonomy of filamentous fungi in endodontic infections.the purpose of this study was to research the presence of filamentous fungi in the root canals of teeth with pulp necrosis and periapical lesions and to perform the taxonomic study of the isolates.201020307734
aureobasidium pullulans keratitis following automated lamellar therapeutic keratoplasty.aureobasidium pullulans is a rare cause of fungal keratitis. a 73-year-old man underwent automated lamellar therapeutic keratoplasty (altk) for healed trachomatous keratopathy in his left eye. five days later, he developed a graft infection. cultures from corneal scraping showed findings consistent with aureobasidium pullulans. the keratitis failed to respond to intensive topical and systemic anti-fungal therapy. hence, the lamellar graft was removed. despite this, the clinical condition deterio ...201020337364
effects of plastic composite support and ph profiles on pullulan production in a biofilm reactor.pullulan is a linear homopolysaccharide which is composed of glucose units and often described as alpha-1, 6-linked maltotriose. the applications of pullulan range from usage as blood plasma substitutes to environmental pollution control agents. in this study, a biofilm reactor with plastic composite support (pcs) was evaluated for pullulan production using aureobasidium pullulans. in test tube fermentations, pcs with soybean hulls, defatted soy bean flour, yeast extract, dried bovine red blood ...201019936738
production of pure beta-glucan by aureobasidium pullulans after pullulan synthetase gene disruption.by disruption of the pullulan synthetase gene (pul) of aureobasidium pullulans ims822 kctc11179bp, we constructed a mutant strain, a. pullulans np1221, which produced a pure beta-glucan exopolysaccharide. the mutant np1221 was white, whereas the wild-type strain produced a black dye. when we compared fermentation kinetics between wide-type and mutant strains, the mutant np1221 did not produce pullulan. substrate uptake rate and beta-glucan production were similar in both strains. however, the bi ...201019760116
recovery of melanized yeasts from eastern mediterranean beach sand associated with the prevailing geochemical and marine flora patterns.the melanized opportunistic pathogens exophiala dermatitidis (chaetothyriales) and aureobasidium pullulans (dothideales) were sporadically isolated from beach sand. this is the first time they are reported from bathing beach sand, thus providing updates on the conditions influencing the in situ black yeast community structure and raising public health concerns.201019274597
subcutaneous mycosis and fungemia by aureobasidium pullulans: a rare pathogenic fungus in a post allogeneic bm transplant patient. 201019483761
yeast and yeast-like diversity in the southernmost glacier of europe (calderone glacier, apennines, italy).the present study reports the characterization of psychrophilic yeast and yeast-like diversity in cold habitats (superficial and deep sediments, ice cores and meltwaters) of the calderone glacier (italy), which is the southernmost glacier in europe. after incubation at 4 and 20 degrees c, sediments contained about 10(2)-10(3) cfu of yeasts g(-1). the number of viable yeast cells in ice and meltwaters was several orders of magnitude lower. the concomitant presence of viable bacteria and filamento ...201020402775
yeast heterogeneity during spontaneous fermentation of black conservolea olives in different brine solutions.to assess the yeast community structure and dynamics during greek-style processing of natural black conservolea olives in different brine solutions.201020438554
optimization of physico-chemical and nutritional parameters for a novel pullulan-producing fungus, eurotium chevalieri.to isolate the novel nonmelanin pullulan-producing fungi from soil and to optimize the physico-chemical and nutritional parameters for pullulan production.201020456529
cell-associated beta-xylosidase from aureobasidium pullulans atcc 20524: purification, properties, and characterization of the encoding gene.a cell-associated enzyme exhibiting beta-xylosidase activity was purified from the cell extract of the dimorphic fungus, aureobasidium pullulans strain atcc 20524, grown on oat spelt xylan. the purified enzyme was homogeneous as judged by sds-page, which showed an apparent m(r) of 88.5 kda. beta-xylosidase activity was optimal at ph 3.5 and 70 degrees c. the enzyme exhibited apparent k(m) and v(max) values of 3.5 mm and 263 micromol/mg/min, respectively, for p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-xylopyranoside. ...201020547381
evaluation of fungal and yeast diversity in slovakian wine-related microbial communities.since the yeast flora of slovakian enology has not previously been investigated by culture-independent methods, this approach was applied to two most common cultivars frankovka (red wine) and veltlin (white wine), and complemented by cultivation. model samples included grapes, initial must, middle fermenting must and must in the end-fermentation phase. the cultured isolates were characterized by length polymorphism of rdna spacer two region using fluorescence pcr and capillary electrophoresis (f ...201020556654
production of volatile metabolites by grape-associated microorganisms.plant-associated microorganisms fulfill important functions for their hosts. whereas promotion of plant growth and health is well-studied, little is known about the impact of microorganisms on plant or fruit flavor. to analyze the production of volatiles of grape-associated microorganisms, samples of grapes of the red cultivar 'blaufraenkisch' were taken during harvest time from four different vineyards in burgenland (austria). the production of volatiles was analyzed for the total culturable mi ...201020575540
induction of ifn-γ by a highly branched 1,3-β-d-glucan from aureobasidium pullulans in mouse-derived splenocytes via dectin-1-independent pathways.we have previously elucidated the precise structure of a unique type of 1,3-β-d-glucan, ap-fbg (aureobasidium pullulans-fermented β-d-glucan), from the fungus a. pullulans and found that ap-fbg strongly induced the production of various cytokines in dba/2 mouse-derived splenocytes in vitro. however, the mechanism(s) of action of ap-fbg on in vitro mouse primary cells have not been characterized in detail. herein, we report that the production of ifn-γ in dba/2 mouse-derived splenocytes by ap-fbg ...201021195691
use of microfungi in the treatment of oak chips: possible effects on wine.oak barrels are commonly used in the aging of wines and spirits because of their positive effects on the product. in recent years the addition of oak chips has been used to introduce desirable wood aromas and flavours into wines. in this study, oak chips in saline solution or laboratory medium were inoculated with penicillium purpurogenum, aureobasidium pullulans, phialemonium obovatum, phanerochaete chrysosporium and a combination of ph. chrysosporium and a. pullulans. after 12 weeks of incubat ...201020718033
signal peptide of aureobasidium pullulans xylanase: use for extracellular production of a fungal xylanase by escherichia coli.an extracellular xylanase xyni of glycoside hydrolase family 11 from the dimorphic fungus aureobasidium pullulans atcc 20524 possesses an n-terminal extension of 34 amino acids (ohta et al., j. biosci. bioeng. 92:262-270, 2001). the n-terminal extension includes three sites (ala-x-ala-x-ala-x-ala) that are potentially cleavable by signal peptidase i of escherichia coli. the a. pullulans xyni signal sequence was fused in frame to the mature protein region of the equivalent xylanase gene xyna from ...201020872041
the effect of surface properties on the strength of attachment of fungal spores using afm perpendicular force measurements.polymeric substrata may be biodegraded by fungal species resulting in damaged, weakened and unsightly materials. this process typically begins with fungal spore attachment to the surface. in order to better understand the processes that precedes a biofouling event, fungal spore attachment to a range of surfaces, was determined using perpendicular force measurements. this was carried out using atomic force microscope cantilevers modified with fungal spores from aspergillus niger 1957 (5μm diamete ...201021050728
microbial quality and nutritional aspects of norwegian brand waters.the microbiological quality of the five leading brands of norwegian bottled still waters was investigated. all brands were free for the enteric indicator organisms and named pathogens whose absence is demanded in current quality directives. the relatively nutrient-poor agar r₂a revealed large heterogeneous bacterial populations which grew slowly, or not at all, on clinical media specified for use in substrate-utilization approaches to identification. the main approach used for identification was ...201021095035
α-amylase activity during pullulan production and α-amylase gene analyses of aureobasidium pullulans.aureobasidium pullulans is the source of commercially produced pullulan, a high molecular weight polysaccharide that is used in the manufacture of edible films. it has been proposed that α-amylase decreases the molecular weight of pullulan in late cultures. based on a recent phylogenetic analysis, five representative strains were chosen to study the relationship between α-amylase and pullulan production. in sucrose-grown cultures, pullulan yields increased over time while the molecular weight of ...201021113644
environmental factors and interactions with mycobiota of grain and grapes: effects on growth, deoxynivalenol and ochratoxin production by fusarium culmorum and aspergillus carbonarius.mycotoxigenic fungi colonizing food matrices are inevitably competing with a wide range of other resident fungi. the outcomes of these interactions are influenced by the prevailing environmental conditions and the competing species. we have evaluated the competitiveness of f. culmorum and a. carbonarius in the grain and grape food chain for their in vitro and in situ dominance in the presence of other fungi, and the effect that such interactions have on colony interactions, growth and deoxynival ...201022069589
Optimization of culture medium for enhanced production of exopolysaccharide from Aureobasidium pullulans.Polysaccharides produced by microorganisms are utilized for a variety of purposes, including the use in cosmetics and as food additives. More recently, polysaccharides have been exploited by the medical and pharmaceutical industries, and those originated from many species of mushrooms have been especially useful in industrial applications; however, the production and synthesis of these compounds is costly and time consuming. In this study, we developed a method for low-cost production of exopoly ...201121915672
The unique role of siderophore in marine-derived Aureobasidium pullulans HN6.2.The L: -ornithine-N (5)-monooxygenase structural gene (SidA gene, accession number: FJ769160) was isolated from both the genomic DNA and cDNA of the marine yeast Aureobasidium pullulans HN6.2 by inverse PCR and RT-PCR. An open reading frame of 1,461 bp encoding a 486 amino acid protein (isoelectric point: 7.79) with calculated molecular weight of 55.4 kDa was characterized. The promoter of the gene (intronless) was located from -1 to -824 and had three HGATAR boxes which wer ...201121989767
cloning, characterization, expression and antifungal activity of an alkaline serine protease of aureobasidium pullulans pl5 involved in the biological control of postharvest pathogens.an alkaline protease gene was amplified from genomic dna and cdna of the antagonistic yeast-like fungus aureobasidium pullulans pl5, a biocontrol agent effective against monilinia laxa on stone fruit and botrytis cinerea and penicillium expansum on pome fruits. an open reading frame of 1248 bp encoding a 415-amino acid (aa) protein with a calculated molecular weight (m(r)) of 42.9 kda and an isoelectric point (pi) of 4.5 was characterized. the cdnaalp5 gene had an 18-amino acid signal peptide, o ...201122225984
screening wild yeast strains for alcohol fermentation from various fruits.wild yeasts on the surface of various fruits including grapes were surveyed to obtain yeast strains suitable for fermenting a novel wine with higher alcohol content and supplemented with rice starch. we considered selected characteristics, such as tolerance to alcohol and osmotic pressure, capability of utilizing maltose, and starch hydrolysis. among 637 putative yeast isolates, 115 strains exhibiting better growth in yeast-peptone-dextrose broth containing 30% dextrose, 7% alcohol, or 2% maltos ...201122783070
the microbial ecology of wine grape berries.grapes have a complex microbial ecology including filamentous fungi, yeasts and bacteria with different physiological characteristics and effects upon wine production. some species are only found in grapes, such as parasitic fungi and environmental bacteria, while others have the ability to survive and grow in wines, constituting the wine microbial consortium. this consortium covers yeast species, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria. the proportion of these microorganisms depends on th ...201122189021
black fungi and associated bacterial communities in the phyllosphere of grapevine.in this study we investigate bacterial communities in association with an enriched black-fungal community in the plant phyllosphere to test whether these fungi create an environment for specific bacteria. under organic conditions of agriculture, grapevine plants (vitis vinifera) display an increased occurrence of the black fungi aureobasidium pullulans and epicoccum nigrum. their enrichment agrees with the tolerance of these fungi to copper and sulphate, both used as main fungicides in organic v ...201121944210
Extremophilic yeasts: plasma-membrane fluidity as determinant of stress tolerance.Our aim was to investigate the response of selected yeasts and yeast-like fungi from extreme environments to various temperatures at the level of their plasma membranes, in order to elucidate the connections between their plasma-membrane fluidity (measured by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy - EPR), growth temperature range, stress tolerance, and ecological distribution. Although all studied fungi can be considered mesophilic according to their growth temperature profiles, their plas ...201121944207
emergence of aureobasidium pullulans as human fungal pathogen and molecular assay for future medical diagnosis.despite the great importance of aureobasidium pullulans in biotechnology, the fungus had emerged as an opportunistic human pathogen, especially among immunocompromised patients. clinical detection of this rare human fungal pathogen presently relies on morphology diagnosis which may be misleading. thus, a sensitive and accurate quantitative molecular assay for a. pullulans remains lacking. in this study, we presented the microscopy observations of a. pullulans that reveals the phenotypic plastici ...201121909832
high-level production of poly (β-l: -malic acid) with a new isolated aureobasidium pullulans strain.poly (β-l: -malic acid) (pmla) is a water-soluble polyester with many attractive properties in chemical industry and medicine development. however, the low titer of pmla in the available producer strains limits further industrialization efforts and restricts its many potential applications. in order to solve this problem, a new strain with the distinguished high productivity of pmla was isolated from fresh plants samples. it was characterized as the candidate of aureobasidium pullulans based on ...201121655983
effect of carbon source on polysaccharide production by alginate-entrapped aureobasidium pullulans atcc 42023 cells.the production of the exopolysaccharide pullulan using entrapped cells of the fungus aureobasidium pullulans atcc 42023 was investigated relative to carbon source. fungal cells grown on glucose or sucrose as a carbon source were entrapped in calcium alginate beads and found to be capable of synthesizing the polysaccharide for two production cycles. using 2.5% glucose or sucrose as a carbon source, productivity was 18.3 or 21.9 mg polysaccharide/g cells × h, respectively after the initial product ...201121656821
infection of the lymphatic system by aureobasidium pullulans in a patient with erythema nodosum leprosum.aureobasidium pullulans is a causal agent of phaeohyphomycosis, occasionally found in men and animals. as an agent of different opportunistic fungal processes, it may cause fungemia, systemic infections and abscesses in different viscera. this paper aims to report a case of a patient with infection of the lymphatic system by a. pullulans. a 23-year-old patient being treated for erythema nodosum leprosum presented a 60-day complaint of daily fever, hoarseness, odynophagia and weight loss. laborat ...201121670933
pullulan: biosynthesis, production, and applications.pullulan is a linear glucosic polysaccharide produced by the polymorphic fungus aureobasidium pullulans, which has long been applied for various applications from food additives to environmental remediation agents. this review article presents an overview of pullulan's chemistry, biosynthesis, applications, state-of-the-art advances in the enhancement of pullulan production through the investigations of enzyme regulations, molecular properties, cultivation parameters, and bioreactor design. the ...201121800030
pullulan production by aureobasidium pullulans cells immobilized in chitosan beads : fungal pullulan production by immobilized cells.fungal cells of aureobasidium pullulans atcc 201253 were immobilized by entrapment in chitosan beads, and the immobilized cells were investigated for their ability to produce the polysaccharide pullulan using batch fermentation. the 1% chitosan-entrapped fungal cells were capable of producing pullulan for two cycles of 168 h using corn syrup as a carbon source. pullulan production by the immobilized cells increased by 1.6-fold during the second production cycle (5.0 g/l) relative to the first pr ...201121713570
poly(+¦-l-malic acid) production by diverse phylogenetic clades of aureobasidium pullulans.poly(+¦-l-malic acid) (pma) is a natural biopolyester that has pharmaceutical applications and other potential uses. in this study, we examined pma production by 56 strains of the fungus aureobasidium pullulans representing genetically diverse phylogenetic clades. thirty-six strains were isolated from various locations in iceland and thailand. all strains from iceland belonged to a newly recognized clade 13, while strains from thailand were distributed among 8 other clades, including a novel cla ...201121720775
characterization of the skin fungal microbiota in patients with atopic dermatitis and healthy subjects.patients with atopic dermatitis (ad) are highly susceptible to viral, bacterial, and fungal skin infections because their skin is dry, which are involved in the barrier function of the skin. therefore, the skin microbiota of patients with ad is believed to be different from that of healthy individuals. in the present study, we compared the skin fungal microbiota of nine patients with mild, moderate, or severe ad and ten healthy subjects using an rrna clone library. fungal d1/d2 large subunit (ls ...201121699559
recombinant expression, activity screening and functional characterization identifies three novel endo-1,4-+¦-glucanases that efficiently hydrolyse cellulosic substrates.the hydrolysis of cellulose into fermentable sugars is a costly and rate-limiting step in the production of biofuels from renewable feedstocks. developing new cellulase systems capable of increased cellulose hydrolysis rates would reduce biofuel production costs. with this in mind, we screened 55 fungal endoglucanases for their abilities to be expressed at high levels by aspergillus niger and to hydrolyze amorphous cellulose at rates significantly greater than that obtained with trcel5a, one of ...201121710260
Different active biomolecules involved in biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by three fungus species.In this paper, the intracellular gold nanoparticles were biosynthesized using three fungi including Aureobasidium pullulans (A. pullulans), Fusarium sp. and Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) after immersion the fungal cells in AuCl4- ions solution. UV-vis and FTIR spectrum, and biochemical compositions analysis of Au nano-fungal cells suggested that active biomolecules of reducing sugar of A. pullulans, and proteins in Fusarium sp. and F. oxysporum were tested positive of providing the function ...201121702362
functional and structural microbial diversity in organic and conventional viticulture: organic farming benefits natural biocontrol agents.statistically significant differences in the structure and function of above-ground grapevine-associated microorganisms from organically and conventionally managed vineyards were found. aureobasidium pullulans, a copper-detoxifying fungus and biocontrol agent, plays a key role in explaining these differences. the black fungus was strongly enriched in the communities of organically managed plants and yielded a higher indigenous antiphytopathogenic potential.201121278278
heavy oils produced by aureobasidium pullulans.from a survey of more than 50 diverse strains of aureobasidium pullulans, 21 produced extracellular heavy oils. most oil producers fell into phylogenetic clades 8, 9, and 11. oil colors ranged from bright yellow to malachite. more than half of the strains produced oil that was fluorescent. in medium containing 5% (w/v) sucrose, oil yields ranged from 0.5 to 6 g oil/l. strain cu 43 reached stationary growth phase at day 4 while oil yields were maximal at day 6. cu 43 produced bright yellow, highl ...201121293903
continuous pullulan fermentation in a biofilm reactor.biofilm is a natural form of cell immobilization in which microorganisms attach onto solid support. in this study, a pigment-reduced pullulan-producing strain, aureobasidium pullulans (atcc 201253), was used for continuous pullulan fermentation in a plastic composite support (pcs) biofilm reactor. optimal conditions for the continuous pullulan production were determined by evaluating the effects of the feeding medium with various concentrations of ammonium sulfate and sucrose and dilution rate. ...201121327406
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