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kinetic resolution of (+/-)-1-phenylethanol in [bmim][pf6] using high activity preparations of lipases.lipases from two different sources candida rugosa (crl) and burkholderia cepacia (bcl) were formulated as enzyme precipitated and rinsed with organic solvents, organic solvent rinsed enzyme preparation, cross-linked enzyme aggregates (cleas) and protein coated micro-crystals (pcmcs). these various enzyme formulates were evaluated for the kinetic resolution of (+/-)-1-phenylethanol in ionic liquid [bmim][pf(6)] by transesterification with vinyl acetate. of all the enzyme forms evaluated eprp and ...200717157018
antifungal susceptibility of 1000 candida bloodstream isolates to 5 antifungal drugs: results of a multicenter study conducted in são paulo, brazil, 1995-2003.we evaluated all candida sp. bloodstream isolates obtained from patients admitted to 4 tertiary care hospitals between 1995 and 2003 in the city of são paulo, brazil. susceptibility to amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine, fluconazole (fcz), itraconazole (itz), and voriconazole (vcz) was determined using the clinical laboratory standards institute broth microdilution method. we tested a total of 1000 strains, including 400 strains of candida albicans (40%), 243 of candida tropicalis (24.3%), 238 of ...200717240110
hofmeister effects in enzymatic activity: weak and strong electrolyte influences on the activity of candida rugosa lipase.the effects of weak and strong electrolytes on the enzymatic activity of candida rugosa lipase are explored. weak electrolytes, used as buffers, set the ph, while strong electrolytes regulate the ionic strength. the interplay between ph and ionic strength has been assumed to be the determinant of enzymatic activity. in experiments that probe activities by varying these parameters, there has been little attention focused on the role of specific electrolyte effects. here we show that both buffers ...200717266269
characterization of lipase in reversed micelles formulated with cibacron blue f-3ga modified span 85.sorbitan trioleate (span 85) modified by cibacron blue f-3ga (cb) was prepared and used as an affinity surfactant to formulate a reversed micellar system for candida rugosa lipase (crl) solubilization. the system was characterized and evaluated by employing crl-catalyzed hydrolysis of olive oil as a model reaction. the micellar hydrodynamic radius results reflected, to some extent, the redistribution of surfactant and water after enzyme addition, and the correlation between surfactant formulatio ...200717269677
impact of aluminum on the oxidation of lipids and enzymatic lipolysis in monomolecular films at the air/water interface.there is evidence that serious pathologies are associated with aluminum (al). in the present work, the influence of al on enzymatic lipolysis was studied with the aim to get more insight into the possible link between the al-induced membrane modification and the cytotoxicity of the trivalent cation (aliii). lipid monolayers were used as model membranes. the monomolecular film technique allowed monitoring the al-dependent modifications of the lipid monolayer properties and enzyme kinetics. two en ...200717279785
acidolysis of tristearin with selected long-chain fatty acids.five lipases, namely, candida antarctica (novozyme-435), mucor miehei (lipozyme-im), pseudomonas sp. (ps-30), aspergillus niger (ap-12), and candida rugosa (ay-30), were screened for their effect on catalyzing the acidolysis of tristearin with selected long-chain fatty acids. among the lipases tested c. antarctica lipase catalyzed the highest incorporation of oleic acid (oa, 58.2%), gamma-linolenic acid (gla, 55.9%), eicosapentaenoic acid (epa, 81.6%), and docosahexaenoic acid (dha, 47.7%) into ...200717288439
an approach to address candida rugosa lipase regioselectivity in the acylation reactions of trytilated glucosides.candida rugosa lipase crude preparations (crl) catalyse the regioselective acylation of methyl 6-o-trytil beta-d-glucopyranoside in organic solvents, using vinyl acetate as acyl donor. the ratio of the two products formed, namely methyl 2-o acetyl 6-o-trytil beta-d-glucopyranoside and methyl 3-o acetyl 6-o-trytil beta-d-glucopyranoside was found to be markedly affected by the nature of the reaction medium. in hydrophobic solvents values up to 80% of the monoacetylated product in position c-3 wer ...200717321623
inhibition of rhizomucor miehei and candida rugosa lipases by d-glucose in esterification between l-alanine and d-glucose.a detailed kinetic study of the esterification of d-glucose with l-alanine catalyzed by lipases from rhizomucor miehei (rml) and candida rugosa (crl) showed that both lipases follow the ping-pong bi-bi mechanism, in which l-alanine and d-glucose bind in subsequent steps releasing water and l-alanyl-d-glucose, with competitive substrate inhibition by d-glucose at higher concentrations leading to the formation of dead-end lipase.d-glucose complexes. an attempt to obtain the best fit of this kineti ...200717368393
an enzyme derivatized polydimethylsiloxane (pdms) membrane for use in membrane introduction mass spectrometry (mims).membrane introduction mass spectrometry (mims) provides direct measurement of volatile and semivolatile analytes in condensed and gas-phase samples without sample preparation steps. although mims has numerous advantages that include direct, on-line, real-time analysis with low detection limits, current applications of mims are predominantly limited to volatile and semivolatile analytes that permeate hydrophobic membranes (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane; pdms). we report the first enzyme modified pdm ...200717395478
candida rugosa lipase-catalyzed polyurethane degradation in aqueous medium.candida rugosa lipase (ec 3.1.1.3) was used to degrade commercially-available solid poly(ester)urethane (impranil) in an aqueous medium under different temperature, ph, enzyme and substrate concentrations. a mathematical model was developed and applied to represent the degradation kinetics of the solid polyurethane. reaction optima were found to be ph 7 and 35 degrees c. diethylene glycol, a degradation byproduct, generation rate was measured to be 0.12 mg/l min and the activation energy was cal ...200717450322
immobilization of candida rugosa lipase on magnetized dacron: kinetic study.candida rugosa lipase has been covalently immobilized on ferromagnetic azide polyethyleneterepthalate (dacron) with specific activity retention of 16% for 4-nitrophenyl palmitate and 24% for hydrolysis of triolein in hexane. the immobilized enzyme was more thermal stable than the soluble one, retaining 78.8% of the activity after 1 h at 60 degrees c. also, this immobilized derivative was stable at the storage at 4 degrees c. it has been used 5 cycles for pnpp hydrolysis without loss of activity. ...200717453706
prospective observational study of candidemia in são paulo, brazil: incidence rate, epidemiology, and predictors of mortality.studies conducted in tertiary care hospitals of different european countries and the united states have shown incidence rates of candidemia ranging from 0.17 to 0.76 and 0.28 to 0.96 per 1,000 admissions, respectively. so far, only 1 study has evaluated the incidence rates of candidemia in tertiary care hospitals in latin american countries.200717464917
a method for lipase co-precipitation in a biodegradable protein matrix.this article presents a novel method for immobilization of active ingredients. the method is based on co(2) aided active ingredient co-precipitation with glycinin, a biodegradable protein matrix from edible soybean protein. glycinin precipitates abundantly under isoelectric conditions and serves as the matrix within which the active substance is trapped during the precipitation process. the enzyme lipase from candida rugosa was successfully co-precipitated into the protein pellet to prove the pr ...200717514752
altering the substrate specificity of candida rugosa lip4 by engineering the substrate-binding sites.candida rugosa (formerly candida cylindracea) lipase (crl) is an important industrial enzyme that is widely used in biotechnological applications such as the production of fatty acids and the synthesis of various esters. crl comprises at least seven isozymes (lip1-lip7), which share a similar amino acid sequence but with different specificities for substrates. previously, lip4 was reported to have higher esterase activity toward long acyl-chain ester and lower lipase activity toward triglyceride ...200717536826
peptidase profiles from non-albicans candida spp. isolated from the blood of a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia and another with sickle cell disease.candida lipolytica and candida rugosa were isolated from blood samples from a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (31 years old) and a patient with sickle cell disease (1-year-old), respectively. isolates were grown for 48 h at 37 degrees c in either sabouraud or tryptone soy broth (tsb). peptidases were tested for using substrate sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels with gelatin, casein, bovine serum albumin (bsa) or hemoglobin. enzymography analyses were made on the following substrate ...200717559410
activation of candida rugosa lipase at alkane-aqueous interfaces: a molecular dynamics study.the effect of solvent hydrophobicity on activation of candida rugosa lipase (crl) was investigated by performing molecular dynamics simulations for four nano seconds (ns). the closed/inactive conformer of crl (pdb code 1trh) was solvated in three alkane-aqueous environments. the alkanes aggregated in a predominantly aqueous environment and by 1 ns a stable spherical alkane-aqueous interface had formed. this led to the interfacial activation of crl. on analyzing the simulated conformers with the ...200717765226
lipolytic enzymes with improved activity and selectivity upon adsorption on polymeric nanoparticles.nanostructured polystyrene (ps) and polymethylmethacrylate (pmma) were used as carriers for the preparation of bioconjugates with lipolytic enzymes, such as candida rugosa lipase (crl) and pseudomonas cepacia lipase (pcl). simple addition of the lipase solution to the polymeric nanoparticles under protein-friendly conditions (ph 7.6) led to the formation of polymer-enzyme bioconjugates. energy filtered-transmission electron microscopy (ef-tem) performed on immuno-gold labeled samples revealed th ...200717803276
enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean oil using lipase from different sources to yield concentrated of polyunsaturated fatty acids.the ability of three commercially available lipases to mediate the hydrolysis of the soybean oil to yield concentrated of essential fatty acids was evaluated. the tested lipases were from microbial (candida rugosa and thermomyces lanuginosa) and animal cells (porcine pancreatic lipase). in terms of free fatty acids, microbial lipases were more effective to promote the enzymatic hydrolysis of the soybean oil (over 70%) than the porcine pancreatic lipase (24%). in spite of this, porcine pancreatic ...200727517828
covalent attachment of candida rugosa lipase on chemically modified hybrid matrix of polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol with different activating compounds.candida rugosa lipase was immobilized by covalent binding on hybrid matrix of polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol chemically modified with different activating agents as glutaraldehyde, sodium metaperiodate and carbonyldiimidazole. the experimental results suggested that functional activating agents render different interactions between enzyme and support, producing consequently alterations in the optimal reaction conditions. properties of the immobilized systems were assessed and their performance o ...200817889514
high-yield synthesis of wax esters catalysed by modified candida rugosa lipase.candida rugosa lipase (crl) was applied in a non-solvent esterification reaction to yield twelve wax esters. all products were obtained in nearly 100% yield for 10 h at 50 degrees c when immobilized peg(2000)-activated c. rugosa lipase was added to the reaction mixture. the surfactant had also a beneficial effect on the stability of the biocatalytic preparation with 83% of its activity conserved after the seventh run of repeated batch reactions.200817957342
immobilization of candida rugosa lipase on poly(allyl glycidyl ether-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) macroporous polymer particles.macroporous polymer particles containing surface epoxy groups were synthesized for immobilization of candida rugosa lipase (crl). the effect of incorporation of two different sets of monomers [allyl glycidyl ether (age) and glycidyl methacrylate (gma)] and the effect of crosslinking density on immobilization of lipase were studied. age-co-egdm polymers gave higher binding and expression of lipase than gma-co-egdm polymers. optimization of immobilization parameters was done with respect to immobi ...200817766105
evaluation of medium components by plackett-burman statistical design for lipase production by candida rugosa and kinetic modeling.lipase production by candida rugosa was carried out in submerged fermentation. plackett-burman statistical experimental design was applied to evaluate the fermentation medium components. the effect of twelve medium components was studied in sixteen experimental trials. glucose, olive oil, peptone and fecl3.6h2o were found to have more significance on lipase production by candida rugosa. maximum lipase activity of 3.8 u ml(-1) was obtained at 50 h of fermentation period. the fermentation was carr ...200818589820
optimization of the process for biodiesel production using a mixture of immobilized rhizopus oryzae and candida rugosa lipases.in this study, the enzymatic process for biodiesel production was optimized using a mixture of immobilized rhizopus oryzae and candida rugosa lipases. the optimal temperature and agitation speed for biodiesel production were 45oc and 300 rpm, respectively. the optimal ratio of r. oryzae and c. rugosa lipases in the mixture was 3:1 (w:w). when 3mmol of methanol was the initial reaction medium and 3mmol of methanol was added every 1.5 h during biodiesel production, biodiesel conversion was over 98 ...200819131695
stepwise esterification of phytosterols with conjugated linoleic acid catalyzed by candida rugosa lipase in solvent-free medium.we conducted a near quantitative esterification of phytosterols from soybean oil deodorizer distillate with conjugated linoleic acid. we used a 1:1 molar ratio of sterols to conjugated linoleic acid. for that matter, stepwise addition of sterols was investigated. total sterols were divided into several portions and added sequentially to the reaction mixture. using this methodology, purities of up to 80% steryl esters were obtained that consumed more than 90% of the total conjugated linoleic acid ...200819134551
immobilization of lipases on hydrophobilized zirconia nanoparticles: highly enantioselective and reusable biocatalysts.our study has demonstrated for the first time that zirconia nanoparticles modified by a simple carboxylic surfactant of a very long alkyl chain can significantly enhance the activity of the immobilized lipases for asymmetric synthesis in organic media. zirconia nanoparticles of ca. 20 nm diameter were grafted with carboxylic surfactant modifiers from tween 85 and erucic acid. the surface of nanoparticles was successfully changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. lipases from candida rugosa and ps ...200818656972
microbial spoilage of date rutab collected from the markets of al-hofuf city in the kingdom of saudi arabia.microbial spoilage was monitored in 520 samples of dates in the rutab stage purchased from retail outlets in al-hofuf city, saudi arabia, and incubated in the laboratory under different conditions. no spoilage was observed in 130 samples incubated in open containers at 5 or 30 degrees c for up to 60 days. spoilage occurred in 42 of 130 samples incubated in covered containers at 5 degrees c after about 80 days and was caused mainly by penicillium spp. and cladosporium spp. mixed populations of la ...200818680940
langmuir-blodgett based lipase nanofilms of unique structure-function relationship.proteins represent versatile building blocks for realization of nanostructured materials of unique structure-function relationship to be applied in nanobiotechnology. following a recent work [bruzzese, d., pastorino, l., pechkova, e., sivozhelezov, nicolini, c., increase of catalytic activity of lipase towards olive oil by langmuir-film immobilization of lipase, enzyme and microbial technology, submitted for publication.], the langmuir-blodgett technique was utilized to develop nanostructured cr ...200818721850
preparation of nucleoside-carbohydrate phosphodiester prodrug analogues by chemoenzymatic procedure.an efficient synthesis protocol for the glucosyl-nucleoside phosphodiester derivatives has been developed. these mononucleotides were designed to act as pronucleotides with potential to deliver the parent compound as its monophosphate. key step of the synthesis is the regioselective hydrolysis of peracetylated alpha-d-glucose catalyzed by candida rugosa lipase.200818776273
evaluation of new colorimetric vitek 2 yeast identification card by use of different source media.the new colorimetric vitek 2 yst card was evaluated for identification of yeasts (136 strains) with respect to the influence of different source media. the vitek 2 yst card achieved satisfactory results for all yeast species tested, with the exception of candida guilliermondii, candida norvegensis, candida parapsilosis, candida rugosa, and candida tropicalis. after simple additional tests, 93.7% of all the strains tested were correctly identified. a significant influence of the isolation medium ...200818799700
antimicrobial effects of turkish propolis, pollen, and laurel on spoilage and pathogenic food-related microorganisms.the antimicrobial activities of propolis extract, pollen extract, and essential oil of laurel (laurus nobilis l.) at concentrations from 0.02% to 2.5% (vol/vol) were investigated on bacteria (bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, staphylococcus aureus, yersinia enterocolitica, enterococcus faecalis, and listeria monocytogenes), yeasts (saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida rugosa), and molds (aspergillus niger and rhizopus oryzae). pollen has no antimicrobi ...200818800911
esterification and hydrolytic activities of candida rugosa lipase isoform 1 (lip1) immobilized on celite 545, duolite a7, and sephadex g-25.the esterification and hydrolytic activities of free and immobilized candida rugosa lipase isoform 1 (lip1) were investigated. esterification activity was determined by reacting caprylic acid with glycerol in the presence of molecular sieves (30%, w/w), and the volume of 1.0 m naoh consumed by the reaction products upon titration was used to calculate esterification activity. caprylic acid was also reacted with cottonseed oil, and the amount of caprylic acid incorporated after 12 h of reaction w ...200818850711
[in vitro amphotericin b susceptibility of korean bloodstream yeast isolates assessed by the clsi broth microdilution method, etest, and minimum fungicidal concentration test].although amphotericin b (amb) has a wide spectrum of activity that encompasses the majority of yeast isolates, there have been recent reports suggesting that some yeast isolates exhibit decreased susceptibility to amb. however, in vitro amb susceptibility of yeast species isolates from blood cultures in korea has not been fully surveyed.200818971615
[inhibition of lipase activity by low-molecular-weight chitosan].inhibition of enzymatic activity of lipase (ec 3.1.1.3) from the fungus candida rugosa and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germ by low-molecular-weight chitosan with an average molecular weight of 5.7 kda in reactions of p-nitrophenyl palmitate cleavage was studied. preincubation of lipases with chitosan, prior to addition of the substrate to solution, showed that equilibrium during the lipase-inhibitor complex formation was reached within 30 min. the inhibition constants for c. rugosa lipase and w ...200818491595
understanding structural features of microbial lipases--an overview.the structural elucidations of microbial lipases have been of prime interest since the 1980s. knowledge of structural features plays an important role in designing and engineering lipases for specific purposes. significant structural data have been presented for few microbial lipases, while, there is still a structure-deficit, that is, most lipase structures are yet to be resolved. a search for 'lipase structure' in the rcsb protein data bank (http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/) returns only 93 hits (as o ...200819609386
immobilization of lipase by ultrafiltration and cross-linking onto the polysulfone membrane surface.in this study, a biphasic enzymatic membrane reactor was made by immobilizing candida rugosa lipase onto the dense surface of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane by filtration and then cross-linking with glutaraldehyde solution. the reactor was further applied for the hydrolysis of olive oil, the performance of which was evaluated in respect of apparent reaction rate based on the amount of fatty acids extracted into the aqueous phase per minute and per membrane surface. it was found that the ul ...200817591438
lipase specificity towards eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid depends on substrate structure.the fatty acid specificity of five lipases towards eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha) was evaluated in the hydrolysis of fish oil, squid oil and a model system. the model system contained methyl esters of epa, dha and palmitic acid. all the investigated lipases discriminated against both epa and dha more in the model system than in the natural oils. thus both epa and dha were more easily hydrolysed from a glyceride than from a methyl ester. in the model system, the lipase ...200818067872
candida rugosa lipase-catalysed kinetic resolution of 2-substituted-aryloxyacetic esters with dimethylsulfoxide and isopropanol as additives.candida rugosa lipase-catalysed hydrolysis of three different 2-substituted-aryloxyacetic esters was performed in aqueous buffer containing dimethyl sulphoxide and isopropanol from 0 to 80% v/v as additives, in order to obtain an enhancement of the enantioselectivity. for 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid and 2-n-butyl-2-(p-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid ethyl esters, dmso enhanced enzyme enantioselectivity more than ipa with an opposite enzymatic enantiopreference. the cosolvents moderately improved ca ...200818074337
scale-up fermentation of recombinant candida rugosa lipase expressed in pichia pastoris using the gap promoter.the high-cell-density fermentation of candida rugosa lipase in the constitutive pichia pastoris expression system was scaled up from 5 to 800 l in series by optimizing the fermentation conditions at both lab scale and pilot scale. the exponential feeding combined with ph-stat strategy succeeded in small scale studies, while a two-stage fermentation strategy, which shifted at 48 h by fine tuning the culture temperature and ph, was assessed effective in pilot-scale fermentation. the two-stage stra ...200818087738
covalent immobilization of lipase from candida rugosa onto poly(acrylonitrile-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) electrospun fibrous membranes for potential bioreactor application.a simple way of fabricating enzymatic membrane reactor with high enzyme loading and activity retention from the conjugation between nanofibrous membrane and lipase was devised. poly(acrylonitrile-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (panchema) was electrospun into fibrous membrane and used as support for enzyme immobilization. the hydroxyl groups on the fibrous membrane surface were activated with epichlorohydrin, cyanuric chloride or p-benzoquinone, respectively. lipase from candida rugosa was coval ...200818248984
promoter analysis and differential expression of the candida rugosa lipase gene family in response to culture conditions.five lipase genes have been identified and sequenced from candida rugosa. however, as the sequences of lip multigene family are extremely closely related, it is difficult to characterize the expression spectrum of lip genes. in the present work we have cloned, sequenced, and analyzed the promoters of these five lip isoform genes, and several putative transcriptional elements including oleate response element (ore) and upstream activation sequence 1 (uas1) were identified. a quantitative real-tim ...200818290622
ph memory of immobilized lipase for (+/-)-menthol resolution in ionic liquid.magnetic deae-gma-edma microspheres were prepared via suspension polymerization and used for the immobilization of candida rugosa lipase by ion exchange. the effect of ph values on the immobilization of lipase was investigated. resolution of (+/-)-menthol in the hydrophobic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was performed by immobilized lipase-catalyzed enantioselective esterification with propionic anhydride as acyl donor. the effects of ph condition at lipase immobili ...200818338863
stable colloidal dispersions of a lipase-perfluoropolyether complex in liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide.the technique of hydrophobic ion pairing was used to solubilize the lipase from candida rugosa in a fluorinated solvent, perfluoromethylcyclohexane (pfmc), in complex with a perfluoropolyether (pfpe) surfactant, kdp 4606. the enzyme-surfactant complex was determined to have a hydrodynamic diameter of 6.5 nm at atmospheric pressure by dynamic light scattering (dls), indicating that a single lipase molecule is stabilized by surrounding surfactant molecules. the complex formed a highly stable collo ...200818363394
blue native electrophoresis study on lipases.we have developed a modified blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) protocol that can overcome aggregation of lipases seen in native page. we have shown that two lipases, pseudomonas aeruginosa lipase and candida rugosa lipase, which aggregate in the native gel, can be resolved using our protocol. activity staining was done to test for the functionality of the two lipases.200818381198
production of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrate from sardine oil by immobilized candida rugosa lipase.this study was conducted to develop an immobilized-enzyme system to entrap lipase in chitosan-alginate-cacl(2) beads for the purpose of concentrating n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 pufas) from sardine oil. lipase was immobilized by an ionotropic gelatin method analyzed for characteristics. optimum ph of immobilized lipase shifted from ph 7.0 to 6.0 and immobilized lipase showed higher stability against ph and temperature changes. original sardine oil contained 38.1% n-3 pufas (25.2% 20:5n3 ...200818387091
monoglycerides and diglycerides synthesis in a solvent-free system by lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis.five lipases were screened (thermomyces lanuginosus free and immobilized forms, candida antarctica b, candida rugosa, aspergillus niger, and rhizomucor miehei) to study their ability to produce monoglycerides (mg) and diglycerides (dg) through enzymatic glycerolysis of soybean oil. lipase from c. antarctica was further studied to verify the enzyme load (wt% of oil mass), the molar ratio glycerol/oil, and the water content (wt% of glycerol) on the glycerolysis reaction. the best dg and mg product ...200818421596
conversion of sunflower oil to biodiesel by alcoholysis using immobilized lipase.transesterification reaction was performed using sunflower oil and short-chain alcohol by immobilized lipases in organic solvents. the fatty acid ester, which is the product of this reaction, can be used as a diesel fuel that does not produce sulfur oxide and minimize the soot particulate. immobilized porcine pancreatic lipase (ppl) and candida rugosa lipase (crl) showed the satisfactory activity in these reactions. immobilization of lipases was carried out using inorganic absorbance celit 545 p ...200818437590
a chemoenzymatic approach to the synthesis of enantiomerically pure (s)-3-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone.optically pure (s)-3-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone, an important chiral building block in the pharmaceutical industry, was synthesized from l: -malic acid by combining a selective hydrogenation and a lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis. lipase from candida rugosa was found to be the most efficient enzyme for the hydrolysis of (s)-beta-benzoyloxy-gamma-butyrolactone. the use of organic solvent-aqueous two-phase system was employed to extract benzoic acid generated from enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate ...200818446525
reusability of surfactant-coated candida rugosa lipase immobilized in gelatin microemulsion-based organogels for ethyl isovalerate synthesis.in our previous study, a surfactant-coated candida rugosa lipase immobilized in microemulsion-based organogels was exploited for the synthesis of ethyl isovalerate. in the present study, we are focusing on the effective reuse of lipase immobilized in microemulsion-based organogels (mbgs) in terms of retainment of the catalytic activity. as water is one of the co-products in esterification reactions, the removal of water becomes a priority to allow the reaction to work in the forward direction an ...200818467869
use of insoluble yeast beta-glucan as a support for immobilization of candida rugosa lipase.in the present study, insoluble yeast beta-glucan (iyg) has been explored as a support matrix for enzyme immobilization. iyg contains mainly beta-(1-3) linkages along with some intra- or inter-molecular branches of beta-(1-6) linkages with large number of free hydroxyl groups. epichlorohydrin was used to convert these free hydroxyl groups into activated epoxy groups that are capable of forming covalent linkages with various groups of enzyme molecule. the epoxy-activated iyg was evaluated for imm ...200817681766
studies of optimum conditions for covalent immobilization of candida rugosa lipase on poly(gamma-glutamic acid) by rsm.poly(gamma-glutamic acid) (gamma-pga) is a material of polymer. immobilization of candida rugosa lipase (lipase ay-30) by covalent binding on gamma-pga led to a markedly improved performance of the enzyme. response surface methodology (rsm) and 3-level-3-factor fractional factorial design were employed to evaluate the effects of immobilization parameters, such as immobilization time (2-6h), immobilization temperature (0-26 degrees c), and enzyme/support ratio (0.1-0.5, w/w). based on the analysi ...200817706421
candida rugosa: a distinctive emerging cause of candidaemia. a case report and review of the literature.candida rugosa is a rare cause of candidaemia, but important to recognize because of frequent azole-resistance and its association with catheters and total parenteral nutrition. recommended therapy is an echinocandin or amphotericin, and catheter discontinuation. fluconazole might be substituted based on susceptibility testing and a clinical response to initial therapy.200919922077
preparation and characterization of chitosan membranes by using a combined freeze gelation and mild crosslinking method.when gelification is performed by freezing-thawing repeated cycles, the resultant gel-like polymer systems are called cryogels. this work aims to assess the effect of the addition of glutaraldehyde and 18 crown ether-6 on surface properties and protein loading of dried chitosan cryogel films. residual water content of treated chitosan membranes ranged between 11.93 and 13.86%, while their water activities vary from 0.5 to 0.7 (measured from 4 to 60 degrees c). based on thermal data, water evapor ...200918546023
lipase nanogel catalyzed transesterification in anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide.the present work showed that candida rugosa lipase, which is inactive in anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), has been granted its original catalytic activity and greatly enhanced stability when encapsulated into a polyacrylamide nanogel. the molecular simulation and structural analysis suggested that the polyacrylamide nanogel shielded the extraction of essential water and maintained the native configuration of encapsulated lipase in anhydrous dmso at an elevated temperature. the electron and f ...200919361213
minor enantiomer recycling: metal catalyst, organocatalyst and biocatalyst working in concert.a minor enantiomer recycling one-pot procedure employing two reinforcing chiral catalysts has been developed. continuous regeneration of the achiral starting material is effected via selective enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of the minor product enantiomer from lewis acid-lewis base catalyzed addition of acyl cyanides to prochiral aldehydes in a two-phase solvent system. the process provides o-acylated cyanohydrins in close to perfect enantioselectivities, higher than those obtained in the direct pr ...200919768712
impact of inoculation strategy on the progress of candida rugosa cultivation.batch cultivation of candida rugosa for the production of lipase and esterase enzymes was carried out by employing two different inoculation strategies. the effects of triolein (2, 3 and 5 g/l) and oleic acid (3 g/l) as carbon sources of the enzyme production medium on the activity, productivity, and yield of enzymes were also compared for both strategies. inoculation of the cells into the enzyme production medium either directly or after cultivation in a pre-culture medium rich in glucose affec ...200919412822
maximization of bioconversion of castor oil into ricinoleic acid by response surface methodology.in this study, response surface methodology was applied to optimize process variables like temperature, ph, enzyme concentration (mg/g oil), and buffer concentration (g/g oil) for hydrolysis of castor oil using candida rugosa lipase. a 2(4) full factorial central composite design was used to develop the quadratic model that was subsequently optimized and the optimal conditions were as follows: temperature 40 degrees c, ph 7.72, enzyme concentration 5.28 mg/g oil, buffer concentration 1g/g oil an ...200919419859
media formulation using complex organic nutrients for improved activity, productivity, and yield of candida rugosa lipase and esterase enzymes.candida rugosa is an excellent source of multiple lipase and esterase enzymes; therefore, it is of technological importance to formulate the medium that provides high activity for each enzyme. in this work, the cultivation medium comprising complex nutrients that provided the highest activity, productivity, and yield of c. rugosa enzymes individually was formulated. time courses of the extracellular and intracellular lipase and esterase activities of c. rugosa were represented and the role of pr ...200919431047
commercially viable resolution of ibuprofen.ibuprofen belongs to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (nsaid) family known as profens. studies demonstrate that (s-ibuprofen is 160 times more potent than (r-ibuprofen in vitro, while the accumulation of (r-ibuprofen can cause serious side effects such as gastrointestinal pain. candida rugosa lipase was used to enantioselectively esterify racemic ibuprofen with decan-1-ol and butan-1-ol in cyclohexane with an enantiomeric ratio (e) of 130 and 46, respectively, in up to 46% conversion. se ...200919455529
modelling substrate specificity and enantioselectivity for lipases and esterases by substrate-imprinted docking.previously, ways to adapt docking programs that were developed for modelling inhibitor-receptor interaction have been explored. two main issues were discussed. first, when trying to model catalysis a reaction intermediate of the substrate is expected to provide more valid information than the ground state of the substrate. second, the incorporation of protein flexibility is essential for reliable predictions.200919493341
production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid from acrylic acid by newly isolated rhodococcus erythropolis lg12.a novel microorganism, designated as lg12, was isolated from soil based on its ability to use acrylic acid as the sole carbon source. an electron microscopic analysis of its morphological characteristics and phylogenetic classification by 16s rrna homology showed that the lg12 strain belongs to rhodococcus erythropolis. r. erythropolis lg12 was able to metabolize a high concentration of acrylic acid (up to 40 g/l). in addition, r. erythropolis lg12 exhibited the highest acrylic acid-degrading ac ...200919494695
immobilization of candida rugosa lipase on sporopollenin from lycopodium clavatum.sporopollenin is a natural polymer obtained from lycopodium clavatum, which is highly stable with constant chemical structure and has high resistant capacity to chemical attack. in this study, immobilization of lipase from candida rugosa (crl) on sporopollenin by adsorption method is reported for the first time. besides this, the enzyme adsorption capacity, activity and thermal stability of immobilized enzyme have also been investigated. it has been observed that under the optimum conditions (sp ...200919583977
evaluation of chrom-pal medium for the isolation and direct identification of candida dubliniensis in primary cultures from the oral cavity.candida albicans is the species most frequently isolated from oral specimens, but the recovery of other candida species such as candida dubliniensis is increasing. differentiation of c. dubliniensis from c. albicans requires special tests and both species are misidentified in some studies. chrom-pal (ch-p) is a novel chromogenic medium used in our laboratory for differentiation between c. albicans and c. dubliniensis on the basis of colony colour and morphology, and chlamydospore production. the ...200919608690
pretreatment of candida rugosa lipase with soybean oil before immobilization on beta-cyclodextrin-based polymer.in this study, candida rugosa lipase was pretreated with soybean oil in order to allow fatty acids to bond to the active site before immobilization. the pretreated c. rugosa lipase was immobilized on beta-cyclodextrin-based polymer by crosslinking with hexamethylene diisocyanate (hmdi). this pretreated lipase exhibited steric hindrance around the active site such that during immobilization, covalent bonds were formed between the carrier and the lipase region far from the active site. the pretrea ...200919091527
biological treatment of olive mill wastewater by non-conventional yeasts.the ability of lipolytic yeasts to grow on olive mill wastewater (omw)-based medium and to produce high-value compounds while degrading this waste, was tested. omw collected from three-phase olive mills from the north region of portugal were characterized and used. omw with cod ranging from 100 g l(-1) to 200 g l(-1) were supplemented with yeast extract and ammonium chloride. studies of omw consumption were carried out in batch cultures of candida rugosa, candida cylindracea and yarrowia lipolyt ...200919231162
study of a sterol esterase secreted by ophiostoma piceae: sequence, model and biochemical properties.an extracellular sterol esterase from ophiostoma piceae efficiently hydrolyzes sterol esters, triglycerides and p-nitrophenol esters. cdna was screened with a probe obtained by pcr using as primers oligonucleotides corresponding to the n-terminal and internal mature enzyme sequences and complete sequence was obtained by 3' rapid amplification of cdna end (race) and inverse pcr. the o. piceae esterase gene had a length of 1.8 kbp and lacked introns. a search for proteins with related amino acid s ...200919281875
effects of alcohol and buffer treatments on the activity and enantioselectivity of candida rugosa lipase.several treatments were employed on candida rugosa lipase (crl) to improve its biocatalytic performance. besides conventional alcohol treatment conditions, the effects of ph of the buffer solution used in the treatment as well as the changes in stirring, dialysis, and centrifugation steps of the treatment procedure were investigated for the first time for the resolution of racemic naproxen methyl ester. the highest enantioselectivity and conversion in s-naproxen production were achieved by crl t ...200919291575
production of ricinoleic acid from castor oil by immobilised lipases.porcine pancreatic lipase (ppl), candida rugosa lipase (crl), and castor bean lipase (cbl) were immobilized on celite by deposition from aqueous solution by the addition of hexane. lipolytic performance of free and immobilized lipases were compared and optimizations of lipolytic enzymatic reactions conditions were performed by free and immobilized derivatives using olive oil as substrate. afterwards, the influence on lipolysis of castor oil of free lipases and immobilized lipase derivatives have ...200919291579
reversible immobilization of candida rugosa lipase on fibrous polymer grafted and sulfonated p(hema/egdma) beads.poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/ethylenglycol dimethacrylate) beads were grafted with poly(glycidylmethacrylate) via surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. epoxy groups of the grafted polymer were modified in to sulfone groups. sulfonated beads were characterized by swelling studies, ft-ir, sem and elemental analysis, and were used for reversible immobilization of lipase. under given experimental conditions, the beads had an adsorption capacity of 44.7 mg protein/g beads. the a ...201019350276
screening of food grade lipases to be used in esterification and interesterification reactions of industrial interest.seven food grade commercially available lipases were immobilized by covalent binding on polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol (pos-pva) hybrid composite and screened to mediate reactions of industrial interest. the synthesis of butyl butyrate and the interesterification of tripalmitin with triolein were chosen as model reactions. the highest esterification activity (240.63 microm/g min) was achieved by candida rugosa lipase, while the highest interesterification yield (31%, in 72 h) was achieved by lip ...201019263247
dual response surface-optimized synthesis of l-menthyl conjugated linoleate in solvent-free system by candida rugosa lipase.lipase-catalyzed synthesis of l-menthyl conjugated linoleate in solvent-free system was studied in this paper. duel response surface methodology was employed to explore the factors which would influence the reaction conversion by a range of independent experiments. the conditions of reaction temperature, reaction time, enzyme amount, substrate molar ratio and water content were symmetrically investigated. when the substrates were 1 mmol cla and 1 mmol l-menthol, the maximum conversion (79.1+/-0. ...201019833506
cloning of a novel lipase gene, lipj08, from candida rugosa and expression in pichia pastoris by codon optimization.a novel lipase gene, lipj08, was cloned from candida rugosa atcc14830, along with the already reported five lipase genes (lip1-lip5). nucleotide sequencing indicated that the lipj08 gene contains a 1650 bp open reading frame (orf) without introns. the deduced amino acid sequence corresponds to 534 amino acid residues, including a putative signal sequence of 15 amino acid residues. seventeen of the non-universal serine codons (ctg) of lipj08 were converted into universal serine codons (tct) by pc ...201019841868
candida rugosa lipase lip1-polyethyleneglycol interaction and the relation with its partition in aqueous two-phase systems.the interaction between a lipase from candida rugosa (lip1) and polyethyleneglycols of different molecular masses was studied using fluorescence and circular dichroism approaches in order to be applied to the analysis of the enzyme partition mechanism in aqueous two-phase systems of polyethyleneglycol-potassium phosphate. the decrease of the partition coefficients with the polyethyleneglycol molecular mass showed that the enzyme partition is driven by the excluded volume effect and not by the en ...201019846284
stabilization of candida rugosa lipase during transacetylation with vinyl acetate.an optimally prepared candida rugosa lipase aggregate cross-linked with bovine serum albumin, was found to overcome acetaldehyde deactivation during transacetylation of a series of benzyl alcohols with vinyl acetate. the formulation, under the same reaction conditions, exhibited 4-30x enhancement in the reaction rate as compared to the celite immobilized lyophilized formulation and 25-133x enhancement as compared to the free lyophilized enzyme depending upon the alcohol chosen. the racemic 1-phe ...201019854046
development of batch and continuous processes on biodiesel production in a packed-bed reactor by a mixture of immobilized candida rugosa and rhizopus oryzae lipases.in this study, transesterification and esterification were investigated in batch and continuous process using immobilized candida rugosa and rhizopus oryzae lipases. in the case of batch process, stepwise reaction method was investigated to prevent the lipase deactivation. reaction conditions were as follows: temperature, 45 degrees c; agitation speed, 250 rpm; enzyme concentration, 20%; and water contents 10%. and then, conversion yield was 98.33% at 4 h. in the case of continuous process, circ ...201019898962
identification of candida species isolated from bovine mastitic milk and their in vitro hemolytic activity in western turkey.in this study, identification of 207 candida isolates, previously isolated from mastitic bovine quarter milk samples at the level of genus, was made using api 20 c aux system. the most frequently isolated species were candida krusei (34.8%), followed by candida rugosa (16.4%), candida kefyr (12.6%), candida albicans (10.1%), and candida tropicalis (9.2%). less common isolates were candida zeylanoides (5.8%), candida parapsilosis (4.3%), candida guilliermondii (3.4%), candida famata (1.9%), and c ...201019921462
effect of a buffer mixture system on the activity of lipases during immobilization process.in this study, the effects of various buffers and ionic strengths on the immobilization of candida rugosa and rhizopus oryzae lipases were investigated to enhance the activities of the immobilized lipases. among the various buffers, the optimal buffers and ionic strength for the immobilization of c. rugosa and r. oryzae lipases were determined to be a mixture of 0.25m mops and sodium phosphate buffer (ph 6.5). moreover, the activities of immobilized c. rugosa and r. oryzae lipases under their op ...201019361984
rigorous kinetic model considering positional specificity of lipase for enzymatic stepwise hydrolysis of triolein in biphasic oil-water system.a rigorous kinetic model describing the stepwise triglyceride hydrolysis at the oil-water interface, based on the ping pong bi bi mechanism using suspended lipase having positional specificity, was constructed. the preference of the enzyme to cleave to the ester bonds at the edge and the center of the glycerol backbone of the substrates (tri-, di- or monoglyceride) was incorporated in the model. this model was applied to the experimental results for triolein hydrolysis using suspended porcine pa ...201020024663
synthesis of terpinyl acetate by lipase-catalyzed esterification in supercritical carbon dioxide.terpinyl acetate was successfully synthesized from alpha-terpineol and acetic anhydride in supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-co(2)) by enzymatic catalysis. five different lipases (candida rugosa type vii, amano ps, amano ap-6, amano g and lipozyme rm im) as biocatalysts for the terpinyl acetate synthesis were compared. an esterification extent of 53.0% was obtained in continuous operation using acetic anhydride as acyl donor and c. rugosa lipase as enzyme at 10mpa and 50 degrees c for 1.5h. tempe ...201020096575
cloning of the zygosaccharomyces bailii gas1 homologue and effect of cell wall engineering on protein secretory phenotype.zygosaccharomyces bailii is a diploid budding yeast still poorly characterized, but widely recognised as tolerant to several stresses, most of which related to industrial processes of production. because of that, it would be very interesting to develop its ability as a cell factory. gas1p is a beta-1,3-glucanosyltransglycosylase which plays an important role in cell wall construction and in determining its permeability. cell wall defective mutants of saccharomyces cerevisiae and pichia pastoris, ...201020102600
effect of pore diameter and cross-linking method on the immobilization efficiency of candida rugosa lipase in sba-15.the influences of pore diameter and cross-linking method on the immobilization efficiency of candida rugosa lipase (crl) in a mesoporous material have been investigated. five kinds of sba-15 with different pore-sizes (6.8nm, 9.1nm, 13.2nm, 15.6nm and 22.4nm) were chosen as the carrier. the one with pore diameter of 15.6nm was proved to be a more suitable immobilization support than the others, and the loading amount reached 343.6mg/g. to solve the leaching problem of the adsorbed enzyme, chitosa ...201020116998
[candida rugosa fungemia: new emergent infection case]. 201020140322
structural classification by the lipase engineering database: a case study of candida antarctica lipase a.the lipase engineering database (led) integrates information on sequence, structure and function of lipases, esterases and related proteins with the alpha/beta hydrolase fold. a new superfamily for candida antarctica lipase a (cala) was introduced including the recently published crystal structure of cala. since cala has a highly divergent sequence in comparison to other alpha/beta hydrolases, the lipase engineering database was used to classify cala in the frame of the already established class ...201020170513
effect of oxidation level of n(+)-type mesoporous silicon surface on the adsorption and the catalytic activity of candida rugosa lipase.in this work, we present the synthesis and characterization of n(+)-type porous silicon (psi) layers. our final aim is the fabrication of a biosensor that exploits the semiconductive properties of this material. psi wafers were used as a matrix for enzyme adsorption. these wafers, as a result of their porous nanostructure, had a high surface area (360m(2)/g) and pore size in the range 5-20nm. the freshly prepared psi was stabilized through controlled anodic oxidation. two classes of samples diff ...201020188377
lipase-catalyzed production of a bioactive terpene ester in supercritical carbon dioxide.direct esterification of alpha-terpineol and acetic anhydride catalyzed by candida rugosa lipase was performed in supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-co(2)) with organic solvent serving as co-solvents. the highest yield of terpinyl acetate after 1.5h of reaction performance (95.1%) was obtained in sc-co(2) with n-heptane serving as a co-solvent and immobilized candida rugosa lipase as an enzyme at 50 degrees c. the optimal pressure for terpinyl acetate synthesis in sc-co(2) medium was 10 mpa. aceti ...201020219605
multidrug resistant yeasts in synanthropic wild birds.the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of multidrug resistant yeasts in the faeces of synanthropic wild birds from the bangsar suburb of kuala lumpur.201020307325
[yeasts in domestic animals: species identification and susceptibility to antifungals].yeasts frequently colonize various kinds of domestic animals, but may also cause serious diseases. the aim of this study was to identify yeast isolates collected from dogs, cows and pigs, and to determine their in vitro antifungal susceptibility. fifty-six yeast isolates from dogs (n = 24), cows (n = 20), and pigs (n = 12) were investigated. appearance of colonies grown on sabouraud agar, micromorphology on rice agar, as well as assimilation and fermentation of various carbon and nitrogen source ...201020401831
staphylococcal lipases stereoselectively hydrolyse the sn-2 position of monomolecular films of diglyceride analogs. application to sn-2 hydrolysis of triolein.using the monomolecular film technique, a kinetic study on the stereoselectivity of nine staphylococcal lipase forms was carried out with three pairs of enantiomers from diglyceride analogs (didecanoyl-deoxyamino-o-methyl glycerol, ddg) containing a single hydrolysable decanoyl ester group and two lipase-resistant groups. our results show that the kinetic profiles of the wild type, the recombinant untagged and the recombinant tagged forms of staphylococcal lipases are significantly different. as ...201020403605
immobilization of cross-linked lipase aggregates onto magnetic beads for enzymatic degradation of polycaprolactone.candida rugosa lipase was immobilized on amino-functionalized magnetic supports via cross-linked enzyme aggregates (clea) and used to enhance the enzymatic degradation of polycaprolactone (pcl). the maximum amounts of lipase immobilized on the magnetic beads using glutaraldehyde as a coupling agent were determined to be 33.7 mg/g of beads with an 81% recovery of activity after immobilization. compared to the free enzyme, the immobilized lipase showed the optimum ph at 1 unit higher (ph 8.0) and ...201020473952
miniemulsion as efficient system for enzymatic synthesis of acid alkyl esters.the aim of this work is to devise an efficient enzymatic process for the production of linear alkyl esters in aqueous miniemulsion systems. the esterification reactions of linear alcohols and carboxylic acids were performed with three different enzymes, commercial amano lipase ps from pseudomonas cepacia, lipase type vii from candida rugosa, and lyophilized fusarium solani pisi cutinase expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae su50. the miniemulsion system shows a high potential for the synthesis o ...201020503297
surfactant enhanced ricinoleic acid production using candida rugosa lipase.in this study, ricinoleic acid was produced on surfactant enhanced castor oil hydrolysis using candida rugosa lipase. the most effective surfactant was span 80. employing fractional factorial design, the most suitable temperature and surfactant concentration were found to be 31 degrees c and 0.257% (w/w in buffer) respectively whereas ph, enzyme concentration, buffer concentration and agitation were identified as the most significant independent variables. a 2(4) full factorial central composite ...201019717301
hydrogels of n-isopropylacrylamide copolymers with controlled release of a model protein.temperature- and ph-sensitive hydrogels, based on n-isopropylacrylamide (nipaam) and itaconic acid (ia), were synthesized by free radical crosslinking copolymerization in the presence of lipase from candida rugosa. the samples were characterized for their sensitivity to the changes of external conditions and the ability to control the release of a hydrophilic model protein, lipase. these hydrogels were highly responsive to temperature and ph, at constant ionic strength. parameters, such as the c ...201019747965
peritonitis due to candida rugosa: the first case report. 201020829554
influence of alcohol treatments on the activity of lipases immobilized on methyl-modified silica aerogels.the effects of alcohol treatment on the activity and loading amount of candida rugosa lipase (crl), candida antarctica lipase b (calb) and porcine pancreas lipase (ppl) immobilized on methyl-modified silica aerogels were investigated, and the fluorescent analysis was used to explore the change of lipase hydrophobicity in aqueous solution caused by alcohols. it is found that alcohol types and the stages at which alcohol was added significantly influenced the performance of immobilized lipases thr ...201020576560
determination of total glutathione in yeasts by high-performance liquid chromatography with dansylation.a method to determine the content of total glutathione (gsht) was introduced based on high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with dansylation. the minimum detection concentration of gsht was 0.5 microg/ml and the measurable range 1.0-300 microg/ml. gsht in yeasts was obtained by hot-water extraction, gsh complete autoxidation to oxidized glutathione (gssg) in alkaline solution and purification by thin-layer chromatography (tlc). the quantitative determination of gssg was derived by dansyl ...201020653242
candida rugosa: a possible emerging cause of candidaemia in trauma patients.candida rugosa appears to be emerging as a distinctive cause of candidaemia in recent years. candidaemia due to this species is important to recognise because of its decreased susceptibility to azoles.201020658166
determination of microbial diversity in meju, fermented cooked soya beans, using nested pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.to identify the microbiota in meju, fermented cooked soya beans, that may directly affect the microbial communities of korean fermented soya bean foods.201020704651
solvent-induced lid opening in lipases: a molecular dynamics study.in most lipases, a mobile lid covers the substrate binding site. in this closed structure, the lipase is assumed to be inactive. upon activation of the lipase by contact with a hydrophobic solvent or at a hydrophobic interface, the lid opens. in its open structure, the substrate binding site is accessible and the lipase is active. the molecular mechanism of this interfacial activation was studied for three lipases (from candida rugosa, rhizomucor miehei, and thermomyces lanuginosa) by multiple m ...201020812327
site-specific saturation mutagenesis on residues 132 and 450 of candida rugosa lip2 enhances catalytic efficiency and alters substrate specificity in various chain lengths of triglycerides and esters.the catalytic versatility of recombinant candida rugosa lip2 has been known to have potential applications in industry. in this study, site-specific saturation mutagenesis on residues l132 and g450 of recombinant lip2 has been employed to investigate the impact of both residues on substrate specificity of lip2. point mutations on l132 and g450 were done separately using mutagenic degenerate primer sets containing 32 codons to generate two libraries of mutants in pichia pastoris . replacements of ...201020873770
enzyme-functionalized polymer brush films on the inner wall of silicon-glass microreactors with tunable biocatalytic activity.the lipase from candida rugosa was immobilized to a poly(methacrylic acid) polymer brush layer, grown on the inner wall of silicon-glass microreactors. the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl acetate was used as a model reaction to study the activity of this biocatalytic system. the amount of bound lipase could be tuned by changing the polymerization time of the brush formation. the michaelis-menten constants and v(max) values, determined for immobilized and free lipase, are similar, demonstrating that ...201020941436
recombinant candida rugosa lipase 2 from pichia pastoris: immobilization and use as biocatalyst in a stereoselective reaction.the characterization of the recombinant candida rugosa lip2 (r-lip2) isoenzyme obtained from fed-batch cultures of pichia pastoris under paox promoter was carried out, determining the optimal ph and temperature as well as their catalytic performance in both hydrolysis and synthesis reactions comparing with purified native lip2 (n-lip2) previously determined. the substrate specificity of r-lip2 in hydrolysis reactions was determined with a series of triacylglycerols and p-nitrophenyl esters of va ...201020945483
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