Publications

a comparative study on diurnal changes in metabolite levels in the leaves of three crassulacean acid metabolism (cam) species, ananas comosus, kalanchoë daigremontiana and k. pinnata.	a comparative study on diurnal changes in metabolite levels associated with crassulacean acid metabolism (cam) in the leaves of three cam species, ananas comosus (pineapple), a hexose-utilizing species, and kalanchoë daigremontiana and k. pinnata, two starch-utilizing species, were made. all three cam species showed a typical feature of cam with nocturnal malate increase. in the two kalanchoë species, isocitrate levels were higher than citrate levels; the reverse was the case in pineapple. in th ...	2002	11807138
pineapple juice as an agent for the digestion of fish prior to the harvesting of metacercariae.	the efficacy of crude pineapple juice obtained from ananus comosus in digesting fish for the harvesting of trematode metacercariae was investigated. no significant difference was found between the total number of metacercariae detected from fish (cirrhina jullieni) digested by acid pepsin and those digested by freshly prepared pineapple juice that was kept for 15 days at a temperature of either -4 degrees c or -75 degrees c. however, fewer metacercariae were found when using juice that had been ...	2002	12971486
cocoa-based media for culturing phytophthora palmivora (butl.) butl., causal agent of black pod disease of cocoa.	green cocoa pod husk agar (gcpa), ripe cocoa pod husk agar (rcpa), green cocoa bean agar (gcba), ripe cocoa bean agar (rcba), green cocoa mucilage agar (gcma) and ripe cocoa mucilage agar (rcma) were prepared and assessd for their clarity and for potential to support mycelial growth and sporulation of p. palmivora. oatmeal agar (oma), potato-dextrose agar (pda), vegetable 8 juice agar (v8ja) and pineapple crown agar (pca) were included for comparison. the highest radial growth rates of 8.3 and 7 ...	2002	12617500
ige reactivity to profilin in pollen-sensitized subjects with adverse reactions to banana and pineapple.	the so-called 'latex-fruit syndrome' is a well-documented phenomenon in cross-reactive allergies. by contrast, there is a lack of information about allergy to exotic fruits in patients with a predominant pollen sensitization. since the ubiquitous protein profilin has been identified as an allergen in natural rubber latex as well as in pollen-related foods, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of profilin in allergy to certain exotic fruits.	2002	12065910
new sources of dietary myosmine uptake from cereals, fruits, vegetables, and milk.	myosmine has been regarded as a specific tobacco alkaloid until investigations pointed out that nuts and nut products constitute a significant source of myosmine. in the present study it is shown that the occurrence of myosmine is widespread throughout a large number of plant families. using a method for extraction practicable for all examined foods, quantitative analysis through internal standard addition showed nanograms per gram amounts. positively tested edibles were staple foods such as mai ...	2002	12166981
proteolytic inhibition of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium-induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases erk and jnk in cultured human intestinal cells.	bromelain, a mixture of cysteine proteases from pineapple stems, blocks signaling by the mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases extracellular regulated kinase 1 (erk-1) and erk-2, inhibits inflammation, and protects against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli infection. in this study, we examined the effect of bromelain on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection, since an important feature of its pathogenesis is its ability to induce activation of erk-1 and erk-2, which leads to internal ...	2002	11748167
antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of common fruits.	consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. phytochemicals, especially phenolics, in fruits and vegetables are suggested to be the major bioactive compounds for the health benefits. however, the phenolic contents and their antioxidant activities in fruits and vegetables were underestimated in the literature, because bound phenolics were not included. this study was designed to investigate the profiles o ...	2002	12452674
management of rotylenchulus reniformis in pineapple, ananas comosus, by intercycle cover crops.	the effects of intercycle cover crops on rotylenchulus reniformis population densities in pineapple were evaluated in one greenhouse and two field experiments. in the greenhouse, crotalaria juncea, brassica napus, and tagetes erecta were planted for 3 months and then incorporated. these treatments were compared to weedy fallow with or without 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) in three soils (makawao fallow, wahiawa fallow, and wahiawa pineapple) naturally infested with r. reniformis. all cover crop in ...	2002	19265916
closterovirus infection and mealybug exposure are necessary for the development of mealybug wilt of pineapple disease.	abstract the roles of pineapple mealybug wilt-associated viruses (pmwavs) and mealybug (dysmicoccus spp.) feeding in the etiology of mealybug wilt of pineapple (mwp) were evaluated. container-grown pineapple (ananas comosus) plants from five commercially grown hawaiian proprietary selections and a field study utilizing a randomized complete block design were used to test four treatments for induction of mwp: pmwav-1-free and pmwav-1-infected plants maintained mealybug-free, and pmwav-1-free and ...	2002	18944017
intercropping cover crops with pineapple for the management of rotylenchulus reniformis.	effect of cover crops intercropped with pineapple (ananas comosus) on rotylenchulus reniformis population densities and activity of nematode-trapping fungi (ntf) were evaluated in two cycles of cover crop and pineapple. sunn hemp (crotalaria juncea), rapeseed (brassica napus), african marigold (tagetes erecta), or weeds were intercropped with pineapples. beds planted with sunn hemp or rapeseed had lower population densities of r. reniformis than african marigold, weeds, or pineapple plots during ...	2003	19265973
disease development and symptom expression of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in various citrus plant tissues.	abstract experimental inoculations of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in different tissues of tahiti lime and pineapple sweet orange were conducted monthly under natural conditions on réunion island. the interactions between a set of environmental and epidemic variables associated with disease expression and 184 different factor combinations were investigated to determine the parameters needed to explain asiatic citrus canker (acc) disease expression. area under the disease progress curve (audp ...	2003	18943164
transcriptional regulation of a pineapple polyphenol oxidase gene and its relationship to blackheart.	two genes encoding polyphenol oxidase (ppo) were isolated from pineapple (ananas comosus[l.] merr. cv. smooth cayenne). sequence analyses showed that both contained a single intron and encoded typical chloroplast-localized ppo proteins, the sequences of which corresponded to two pineapple ppo cdnas, pinppo1 and pinppo2, recently described by stewart et al. (2001). southern blot analyses suggested that pineapple contained only two ppo genes. analysis of expression of pinppo1 promoter gus fusion c ...	2003	17134404
orbital reconstruction after exenteration: use of a transorbital temporal muscle flap.	orbital exenteration is a disfiguring operation that involves the total removal of the orbital contents with partial or total excision of the eyelids. common methods of orbit reconstruction include pectoralis musculocutaneous pedicled flap and free tissue transfer. the purpose of this study is to illustrate that the entire temporalis muscle may be used by creating a large window in the lateral orbit, without resection of the lateral orbital rim. orbital exenteration was performed on four cadaver ...	2003	12545107
molecular characterization and allergenic activity of lyc e 2 (beta-fructofuranosidase), a glycosylated allergen of tomato.	until now, only a small amount of information is available about tomato allergens. in the present study, a glycosylated allergen of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), lyc e 2, was purified from tomato extract by a two-step fplc method. the cdna of two different isoforms of the protein, lyc e 2.01 and lyc e 2.02, was cloned into the bacterial expression vector pet100d. the recombinant proteins were purified by electroelution and refolded. the ige reactivity of both the recombinant and the natural ...	2003	12631291
identifying the pattern of olfactory deficits in parkinson disease using the brief smell identification test.	selective olfactory deficits occur in 70% to 90% of patients with parkinson disease, independent of disease severity and duration. olfactory testing may be a useful diagnostic aid for parkinson disease, but the types of odors most commonly affected need to be identified.	2003	12707068
determination of antioxidant properties of aromatic herbs, olives and fresh fruit using an enzymatic sensor.	the aim was to experimentally evaluate the antioxidant capacity of different fresh aromatic herbs (field balm, marjoram, parsley, rosemary, sage, sweet basil), several varieties of olives from central italy ('carboncello', 'rosciolo', 'olivastro', 'coratello', 'leccino', 'frantoio') and several types of fresh fruit (apple, apricot, banana, cherry, fig, grape, medlar, melon, peach, pear, pineapple, plum, water melon, yellow plum) using a superoxide dismutase (sod) biosensor developed by the prese ...	2003	12733012
[genetic variation of citrus calli revealed by the ploidy analyser].	the cell dna content of forty-eight citrus calli of different genotype were measured by using the ploidy analyser. the results showed that 93.8% out of forty-eight citrus calli had double dna content except that ruby. weizhang and kinnow had little varied cells and did not show second peak. moreover, pineapple, meiwa kumquat, changsha, russ navel, guoqing no. 4 and carter had dna varied cells including triploids and aneuploids based on the dpac software analyse. among the forty-eight citrus call ...	2003	12776606
lactic acid production using two food processing wastes, canned pineapple syrup and grape invertase, as substrate and enzyme.	canned pineapple syrup, a food processing waste, was utilized as a substrate for lactic acid production by lactococcus lactis. to improve the utilization of sucrose from the syrup, grape invertase from grape juice derived from wine production was used for sucrose hydrolysis. the highest lactic acid concentrations achieved were 20 and 92 g l-1 from 20 and 100 g total sugars l-1, respectively, without a lag period for sucrose consumption.	2003	12882147
the prevalence and diagnostic value of specific ige antibodies to inhalant, animal and plant food, and ficus allergens in patients with natural rubber latex allergy.	it is well recognised that natural rubber latex allergy can be associated with serological cross-reactivity to plant allergens, especially tropical fruits and ficus. in contrast, data on the frequency and clinical value of specific ige antibodies against these allergens remain rare. in addition, little is known about the prevalence and diagnostic value of specific ige antibodies to classical inhalant and animal allergens in nrl allergic patients.	2003	12945478
survival of escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella in juice concentrates.	the survival of escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella was studied in apple, orange, pineapple, and white grape juice concentrates and banana puree. pouches of juice concentrate or puree were inoculated with pathogens at a level > or = 10(3) cfu/g and stored at -23 degrees c (-10 degrees f). pathogen survival was monitored at 6 and 24 h, once a week for four consecutive weeks, and biweekly thereafter until 12 weeks. when pathogens were not detectable by direct plating, ...	2003	14503711
enzymatic browning and biochemical alterations in black spots of pineapple [ananas comosus (l.) merr.].	penicillium funiculosum thom. was consistently isolated from pineapple-infected fruitlet (black spots). polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and laccase activities were determined in extracts from contiguous and infected fruitlets. healthy fruitlets showed a rather high level of polyphenol oxidase (optimum ph 7.0), and this activity was tremendously increased (x 10) in contiguous infected fruitlets. furthermore, infected fruitlets also exhibited laccase activity (optimum ph 4.0), while peroxidase was ...	2003	14506857
the anthelmintic efficacy of five plant products against gastrointestinal trichostrongylids in artificially infected lambs.	forty-eight helminth-free lambs were divided into eight groups (a-h) of six animals. groups a-g were infected artificially with 10,000 third stage larvae of haemonchus contortus and 20,000 third stage larvae of trichostrongylus colubriformis, whereas group h remained uninfected. thirty days post-infection the lambs were treated orally with a single dosage of one of the following products: group a with 3 mg/kg body weight (bw) of an aqueous ethanol extract (70%, v/v) of the seeds of azadirachta i ...	2003	14597279
identification of carbohydrate degrading bacteria in sub-tropical regions.	several bacteria from the islands of puerto rico, vieques and trinidad were isolated for their carbohydrate degrading activities. these terrestrial and marine bacterium were collected from pineapple agricultural lands, tropical rain forests, coastlands and mangrove swamps. organisms were screened for activity using chromogenic substrates (azcl megazyme international ltd., ireland). the media composition for the effective culturing of some of the marine organisms has also been standardized. gram- ...	2003	15264573
quantitative prediction of the bitterness suppression of elemental diets by various flavors using a taste sensor.	the purpose of the study was to develop a method for the quantitative prediction of the bitterness suppression of elemental diets by various flavors and to predict the optimum composition of such elemental diets for oral administration using a multichannel taste sensor.	2003	14725356
trace-level determination of pesticides in food using difficult matrix introduction-gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry.	a procedure for the fully automated analysis of food samples by means of difficult matrix introduction-gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (dmi-gc-tof ms) is discussed. after extraction, samples require very little clean-up and are injected in a micro- or micro-vial which is held in a liner. next, the liner is placed in the injector and the contents of the vial are thermally desorbed and led directly to the capillary gc column. after gc-tof ms analysis, the data are processed aut ...	2003	12967188
cross-reactivity between ficus benjamina latex and fig fruit in patients with clinical fig allergy.	anaphylactic reactions to fig fruits (ficus carica) have been reported from subjects sensitized to ficus benjamina (fb) latex allergens. figs may also be involved in the latex-fruit syndrome.	2003	12859455
cost-effective in vitro propagation methods for pineapple.	we have developed an efficient and cost-effective method for commercial micropropagation of smooth cayenne pineapple. in vitro shoots were used as starting materials, and either longitudinal sections of the shoots or leaf bases were used as the explants to regenerate shoots. when these explants were used, the axillary meristems, which usually remain quiescent during shoot multiplication, were able to form new shoots. subsequent to the regeneration step, additional multiplication was achieved ins ...	2003	12789501
analysis of the relationship between the structure and aromatic properties of chemical compounds.	this paper presents the results of research on the relationship between the structure and odour properties of a selection of chemical compounds. the research concerns five groups of esters, each with a different smell: almond, apricot, apple, pineapple and rose. the supposed relationship between the smell and certain selected attributes of each molecule was examined by various pattern recognition techniques using programs developed in the department of computer chemistry at rzeszów university of ...	2003	12677351
nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the pka values and interaction of ionizable groups in bromelain inhibitor vi from pineapple stem.	bromelain inhibitor vi (bi-vi), a cysteine proteinase inhibitor from pineapple stem, is a unique double-chain molecule composed of two distinct domains a and b. in order to clarify the molecular mechanism of the proteinase-inhibitor interaction, we investigated the electrostatic properties of this inhibitor. the inhibitory activity toward bromelain was revealed to be maximal at ph 3-4 and the gross conformation to be stable over a wide range of ph. based on these results, ph titration experiment ...	2003	12674503
a sensitized genetic screen to identify novel regulators and components of the drosophila janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway.	the jak/stat pathway exerts pleiotropic effects on a wide range of developmental processes in drosophila. four key components have been identified: unpaired, a secreted ligand; domeless, a cytokine-like receptor; hopscotch, a jak kinase; and stat92e, a stat transcription factor. the identification of additional components and regulators of this pathway remains an important issue. to this end, we have generated a transgenic line where we misexpress the upd ligand in the developing drosophila eye. ...	2003	14668372
relationships in ananas and other related genera using chloroplast dna restriction site variation.	chloroplast dna (cpdna) diversity was examined using pcr-rflp to study phylogenetic relationships in ananas and related genera. one hundred fifteen accessions representing the seven ananas species and seven other bromelioideae including the neighboring monospecific genus pseudananas, two pitcairnioideae, and one tillandsioideae were included in the study. eight primers designed from cpdna were used for generating fragments. restriction by 18 endonucleases generated 255 variable fragments. dissim ...	2003	14663518
effect of ph, temperature and alcohols on the stability of glycosylated and deglycosylated stem bromelain.	the biological significance of the carbohydrate moiety of a glycoprotein has been a matter of much speculation. in the present work, we have chosen stem bromelain from ananas comosus as a model to investigate the role of glycosylation of proteins. stem bromelain is a thiol protease which contains a single hetero-oligosaccharide unit per molecule. here, the deglycosylated form of the enzyme was obtained by periodate oxidation. the differences in the glycosylated and deglycosylated forms of the gl ...	2003	14660870
tetrahydro-beta-carboline alkaloids occur in fruits and fruit juices. activity as antioxidants and radical scavengers.	tetrahydro-beta-carbolines are biologically active alkaloids that occur and accumulate in mammalian tissues, fluids, and brain, but their ultimate origin or biological role is still uncertain. four tetrahydro-beta-carboline alkaloids: 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid, 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid, 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline, and 6-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline, are found as naturally occurring substances in s ...	2003	14611187
environmental, life-style, and physical precursors of clinical parkinson's disease: recent findings from the honolulu-asia aging study.	increased westernization with japanese migration to the u. s. in the early 20(th) century is thought to have altered the risk of cardiovascular disease. whether similar effects include changes in the risk of parkinson's disease (pd) is not clear. this report describes the relations between environmental, life-style, and physical attributes and the incidence of pd that have been observed in the honolulu-asia aging study.	2003	14579122
"pineapple slice dressing" for correction of inverted nipples.		2003	14504562
the pineapple eye gene is required for survival of drosophila imaginal disc cells.	each ommatidium of the drosophila eye is constructed by precisely 19 specified precursor cells, generated in part during a second mitotic wave of cell divisions that overlaps early stages of ommatidial cell specification. homozygotes for the pineapple eye mutation lack sufficient precursor cells due to apoptosis during the period of fate specification. in addition development is delayed by apoptosis during earlier imaginal disc growth. null alleles are recessive lethal and allelic to l(2)31ek; h ...	2003	14704172
on-line gas chromatography combustion/pyrolysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry (hrgc-c/p-irms) of pineapple (ananas comosus l. merr.) volatiles.	by use of extracts prepared by liquid-liquid separation of the volatiles from self-prepared juices of pineapple fruits (ananas comosus) (n = 14) as well as commercial pineapple recovery aromas/water phases (n = 3), on-line capillary gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry was employed in the combustion (c) and the pyrolysis (p) modes (hrgc-c/p-irms) to determine the delta(13)c(vpdb) and delta(2)h(vsmow) values of selected pineapple flavor constituents. in addition to methyl 2-methylbu ...	2003	14690391
atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for determination of polydimethylsiloxane residues in pineapple juice: collaborative study.	an atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for determination of polydimethylsiloxane (pdms) residues in pineapple juice was collaboratively studied by 9 laboratories. pdms residues are extracted from pineapple juice with 4-methyl-2-pentanone and the extracted silicone is measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using a nitrous oxide/acetylene flame. collaborators analyzed 5 samples including 1 blind duplicate. reproducibility relative standard deviations (rsdr) were 13.1% at 31 ppm, 6 ...	2003	2272995
tropgene-db, a multi-tropical crop information system.	tropgene-db, is a crop information system created to store genetic, molecular and phenotypic data of the numerous yet poorly documented tropical crop species. the most common data stored in tropgene-db are information on genetic resources (agro-morphological data, parentages, allelic diversity), molecular markers, genetic maps, results of quantitative trait loci analyses, data from physical mapping, sequences, genes, as well as the corresponding references. tropgene-db is organized on a crop bas ...	2004	14681435
occupational exposure of brazilian neonatal intensive care workers to latex antigens.	frequent exposure to latex causes various reactions such as respiratory symptoms and anaphylactic shock. in these cases, proteins found in natural latex are responsible for the serious systemic antilatex-mediated immediate hypersensitive reactions.	2004	14674942
in vitro germination, protocorm formation and plantlet development of mature versus immature seeds from several ophrys species (orchidaceae).	we investigated the effect of genotype, seed maturity and culture medium on the in vitro germination and development of protocorms and plantlets from seeds of 13 different ophrys species (o. apifera, o. attica, o. cornuta, o. delfinensis, o. ferrum-equinum, o. lutea, o. mammosa, o. speculum, o. spruneri, o. umbilicata, o. argolica, o. irricolor and o. tenthredinifera) collected in greece, some of which are endemic to this country. mature seeds (10 months after collection) and immature seeds (2 m ...	2004	15517276
physicochemical characterization of a new pineapple hybrid (flhoran41 cv.).	the physicochemical characteristics (ph, total and soluble solids, and titratable acidity), sugars, organic acids, carotenoids, anthocyanins, volatile compounds, and cell wall polysaccharides of a new pineapple hybrid (flhoran41 cultivar) were measured throughout maturation and compared with the smooth cayenne cv. at full maturity, the flhoran41 cv. has a higher titratable acidity and soluble solids content than the smooth cayenne cv. the golden yellow flesh and red-orange to scarlet shell of ri ...	2004	15453683
respiratory properties and malate metabolism in percoll-purified mitochondria isolated from pineapple, ananas comosus (l.) merr. cv. smooth cayenne.	an investigation was made of the respiratory properties and the role of the mitochondria isolated from one phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pck)-cam plant ananas comosus (pineapple) in malate metabolism during cam phase iii. pineapple mitochondria showed very high malate dehydrogenase (mdh), and low malic enzyme (me) and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (got) activities. the mitochondria readily oxidized succinate and nadh with high rates and coupling, while they only oxidized nadph in the ...	2004	15361538
sensitization to ficus benjamina: relationship to natural rubber latex allergy and identification of foods implicated in the ficus-fruit syndrome.	ornamental ficus benjamina (fb) has been recognized as a new indoor allergen. little is known about the prevalence in moderately exposed subjects and the proposed association with fruit and hevea latex hypersensitivity.	2004	15298566
day-night changes of energy-rich compounds in crassulacean acid metabolism (cam) species utilizing hexose and starch.	plants with crassulacean acid metabolism (cam) can be divided into two groups according to the major carbohydrates used for malic acid synthesis, either polysaccharide (starch) or monosaccharide (hexose). this is related to the mechanism and affects energy metabolism in the two groups. in kalanchoë pinnata and k. daigremontiana, which utilize starch, atp-dependent phosphofructokinase (tonoplast inorganic pyrophosphatase) activity is greater than inorganic pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokin ...	2004	15277250
fear of negative evaluation and gender interact to predict alcoholic beverage preference.	this study was designed to look at the influence of gender, alcohol expectancies, and fear of negative evaluation on beverage selection. participants tasted pineapple juice, tonic water, beer, and diet cola and were then asked which they would prefer when presented with each of all possible alternative pairings. results indicated no effect on beer selection due to alcohol expectancies, but fear of negative evaluation and gender interacted to predict beer selection. post hoc analyses indicated th ...	2004	9698979
bromelain as a treatment for osteoarthritis: a review of clinical studies.	bromelain, an extract from the pineapple plant, has been demonstrated to show anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and may provide a safer alternative or adjunctive treatment for osteoarthritis. all previous trials, which have been uncontrolled or comparative studies, indicate its potential use for the treatment of osteoarthritis. this paper reviews the mechanism of its putative therapeutic actions, those clinical trials that have assessed its use in osteoarthritis to date, as well as cons ...	2004	15841258
towards sustainable use of potassium in pineapple waste.	due to the 1997/98 haze problem in south-east asia and the increasing need for sustainable food production and development, the usual management of crop residues (including pineapple wastes) through burning is prohibited. as a result, the need for alternative uses of pineapple wastes in pineapple production has been emphasized. this study investigated an environmentally friendly means of recycling pineapple leaves for agricultural use. pineapple leaves were shredded and composted in a composting ...	2004	15578124
pineapple juice as a negative oral contrast agent in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: a preliminary evaluation.	the quality of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (mrcp) images is frequently degraded by high signal from the gastrointestinal tract. the aim of this study is to evaluate pineapple juice (pj) as an oral negative contrast agent in mrcp. preliminary in vitro evaluation demonstrated that pj shortened t(2) relaxation time and hence decreased t(2) signal intensity on a standard mrcp sequence to a similar degree to a commercially available negative contrast agent (ferumoxsil). electrothermal ...	2004	15569640
bromelain partitioning in two-phase aqueous systems containing peo-ppo-peo block copolymers.	bromelain is an enzymatic complex obtained from pineapple (ananas comosus) fruits and stem. thermoseparation of bromelain by poly(ethylene oxide) (peo)- poly(propylene oxide) (ppo)- poly(ethylene oxide) (peo) block copolymers aqueous solutions was studied. triblock copolymers with different eo percentages and different molecular mass were evaluated. copolymer solutions at different ph values, buffer concentrations and copolymer concentrations were investigated. it was found that cloud point temp ...	2004	15177161
effect of carbohydrate source on post-prandial blood glucose in subjects with type 1 diabetes treated with insulin lispro.	our purpose was to determine if the glycemic index (gi) and proportion of carbohydrate absorbed as glucose (pg) affected glycemic responses and occurrence of post-prandial hypoglycemia in subjects with type 1 diabetes treated with insulin lispro. subjects (n=8) were studied on five separate occasions after 10-12 h overnight fasts following a standard dinner. after their morning insulin dose, subjects ate 50 g carbohydrate from a starchy food (pg=1; mashed potato gi=83, white bread gi=71, spaghet ...	2004	15163475
the effect of learning on experimental evolution of resource preference in drosophila melanogaster.	learning is thought to be adaptive in variable environments, whereas constant, predictable environments are supposed to favor unconditional, genetically fixed responses. a dichotomous view of behavior as either learned or innate ignores a potential evolutionary interaction between the learned and innate components of a behavioral response. we addressed this interaction in the context of oviposition substrate choice in drosophila melanogaster, asking two main questions. first, will learning also ...	2004	15154552
two low-cost food attractants for capturing toxotrypana curvicauda (diptera: tephritidae) in the field.	adults of the papaya fruit fly, toxotrypana curvicauda gerstaecker, living in wild vegetation in yautepec, morelos, mexico, were captured using mcphail traps baited with pineapple juice or brown sugar. maximum capture peaks occurred during august and november in the afternoon. baits were most effective when aged over a 4-d period. traps baited with brown sugar captured the highest number of adults, and both baits were more attractive to females than males. potential use of these baits for pest m ...	2004	15154449
effect of acid speciation on solid waste liquefaction in an anaerobic acid digester.	laboratory scale experiments were carried out to evaluate and determine the suitable working conditions for the enhancement of volatile fatty acids (vfas) production with the stabilization of solid pineapple waste (peel) simultaneously when operating two-phase anaerobic digestion. it was found that acid production, enhanced when the digester was operated at neutral ph. vfas, could be obtained at about 50 g/kg-waste within 14 days when operating at ph 6.5-7.5 compared to 33 g/kg-waste for digeste ...	2004	15142803
ensilage of pineapple processing waste for methane generation.	pineapple peel wastes, which are seasonal, comprise of peels and rags. their disposal poses a serious environmental pollution problem. since pineapple peel is rich in cellulose, hemicellulose and other carbohydrates it was found to be a potential substrate for methane generation by anaerobic digestion. ensilaging of pineapple peel resulted in the conversion of 55% carbohydrates into volatile fatty acids. the ensilage of pineapple processing wastes reduced the biological oxygen demand by 91%. bio ...	2004	15120436
purification and characterization of a pineapple crown leaf thiol protease.	a thiol protease was isolated and purified from the crown leaf of pineapple, ananas comosus (l.) merr. cv. queen, by an immunoaffinity procedure. after the purification to electrophoretic homogeneity, the enzyme was characterized with respect to some of its physico-chemical and kinetic properties. the molecular weight of the protease (22.4-22.9 kda), km (97 microm) and kcat (8.8 s(-1)) for its esterolytic cleavage of the synthetic protease substrate n(alpha)-cbz-l-lysine p-nitrophenyl ester, the ...	2004	15046295
proteolytic activity and immunogenicity of oral bromelain within the gastrointestinal tract of mice.	bromelain is a mixture of proteinases derived from pineapple stem that is marketed by health food stores as a "digestive aid". a number of studies suggest that bromelain may also have anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, including an anecdotal report describing potential efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease. we and others have previously shown that proteolytically active bromelain removes certain cell surface molecules and affects leukocyte migration, activation, and production of cytokines and ...	2004	14996417
flavor analysis in a pharmaceutical oral solution formulation using an electronic-nose.	flavors are commonly used in pharmaceutical oral solutions and oral suspensions to mask drug bitterness and to make the formulation more palatable. flavor analysis during product development is typically performed by human organoleptic analysis, which is often expensive and less objective. a novel approach using a metal oxide sensor-based instrument (electronic-nose) for headspace analysis was explored to replace human sensory perception for consistent qualitative and quantitative analysis of fl ...	2004	15127800
nutrient utilization profile of saccharomyces cerevisiae from palm wine in tropical fruit fermentation.	the nutrient utilization pattern of saccharomyces cerevisiae from palm wine was studied using tropical fruits as substrate. starter cultures were prepared by growing 15-18 h old stock cultures of the yeast in successively larger bottles containing pasteurized fruit must. microvinification, substrate utilization and assay of yeast activity were performed. soluble solute (ss) content of the juices ranged from 10-18 brix. pinapple must had the highest ss content (18 brix) while pawpaw had a low ss ...	2004	15539927
antioxidant activities of various fruits and vegetables produced in taiwan.	fruits and vegetables have been known to contain a variety of antioxidant components. it has been suggested that antioxidants may protect biomolecules from oxidative damage and therefore be associated with reduced risks of cardiovascular disease and certain cancer. the antioxidant abilities of various parts of eight common fruits and vegetables produced in taiwan were investigated, including tomato, guava, squash, tangerine, wax gourd, pineapple, chayote, and eggplant. squash, wax gourd, tomato, ...	2004	15545051
[osmolality of frequently consumed beverages].	the objective of this work was to determine the osmolality of beverages frequently consumed by children and adolescents due to the scarce information available in our country. the samples were grouped as follows: milks; refreshments; beverages based on fruits, vegetables, cereals, and tubers; sport drinks; energizing drinks; oral rehydrating solutions; reconstituted drinks and infusions. a vapor pressure digital osmometer was used, five samples of each beverage from different lots were analyzed. ...	2004	15602899
pineapple juice for digestion of swamp eel viscera for harvesting infective-stage larva of gnathostoma spp.	third-stage larvae were used as antigen in the diagnosis of gnathostomiasis in western blot analysis. normally, the larvae were obtained from digestion of eel's liver (fluta alba) by the enzyme pepsin. we used pineapple juice (ananus comosus) instead of enzyme pepsin in harvesting gnathostoma spinigerum third-stage larvae. the difference in recovered larvae numbers, between pineapple juice and pepsin, were not statistically significantly different (p>0.05). the larvae from pepsin and pineapple j ...	2004	15691122
phytate and fiber content in thai fruits commonly consumed by diabetic patients.	the amount of phytate and total dietary fiber of 6 popular tropical fruits eaten by diabetic patient residing in bangkok were studied. they were dragon fruit, durian, guava, longan, mango, and pineapple. fruit containing the highest content of total dietary fiber was guava which had about 2.7%. longan contained the lowest fiber content equal to 0.19%. the highest content of phytate was found in pineapple about 0.09% and the lowest content was in longan about 0.037%. it was noticed that longan co ...	2004	15822538
determination of the 13c/12c ratio of ethanol derived from fruit juices and maple syrup by isotope ratio mass spectrometry: collaborative study.	a collaborative study of the carbon-13 isotope ratio mass spectrometry (13c-irms) method based on fermentation ethanol for detecting some sugar additions in fruit juices and maple syrup is reported. this method is complementary to the site-specific natural isotope fractionation by nuclear magnetic resonance (snif-nmr) method for detecting added beet sugar in the same products (aoac official methods 995.17 and 2000.19), and uses the same initial steps to recover pure ethanol. the fruit juices or ...	2004	15287660
[test for urokinase-type plasminogen activator inhibitor of edible plants in vitro].	to study the effect of anti-progression activity of edible plants using urokinase as the biomarker.	2004	15312585
molecular cloning, expression, and functional characterization of a cystatin from pineapple stem.	a cdna fragment encoding the cysteine protease inhibitor, cystatin, was cloned from pineapple (ananas comosus) stem. this clone was constructed in a fusion vector and was easily over-expressed in escherichia coli; satisfactory over-expression of non-fusion cystatin was achieved after an additional start codon was inserted prior to its coding sequence. both recombinant cystatins were predominately found in the soluble fraction of the cell extract, and were demonstrated to be functionally active i ...	2004	15322351
evaluation of anthelmintic properties of some plants used as livestock dewormers against haemonchus contortus infections in sheep.	gastrointestinal helminth infections remain a major constraint to livestock production globally. this study evaluated anthelmintic efficacy of 7 plants used as dewormers by farmers and pastoralists in kenya. thus 3 commercial anthelmintics and 7 plant preparations were tested in lambs infected with 5000 or 3000 l3 haemonchus contortus in 4 experiments. in the first experiment, ivermectin, levamisole and albendazole were tested in 46 lambs. seven plant preparations of hagenia abyssinica, olea eur ...	2004	15376783
nutrient composition and antimicrobial activity of sorrel drinks (soborodo).	aqueous extracts (1,200 ml) of roselle calyx (40 g), fortified with either orange juice or pineapple juice as sweetener and lemon grass as flavorant (sorrel drink), were analyzed with regard to their mineral composition (na, fe, zn, cu, pb, mn, and ca), vitamin c content, and sensory evaluation. while the medicinal potentials were determined with respect to their inhibitory effect on the growth of bacillus sp., pseudomonas aeruginosa, lactobacillus sp., and corynebacterium sp. the results reveal ...	2004	15383229
[most common allergens in allergic patients admitted into a third-level hospital].	since year 3000 bc, pollenology (science that studies allergens) was already known. in the year 49 bc, herodotus recognized the first case of hay fever, jacob constant (17th century) described the first case of allergic rhinitis and related it to "something" (allergens) that roses emitted. charles backley (1873) proved the ability of the skin to determine allergic reactions to allergens. today, it is well-known that allergens are able to react with environmental exposure, plants and pollens.	2004	15491079
naturally occurring fruit juices dislodge meat bolus obstruction in vitro.	oesophageal meat bolus obstruction is often removed endoscopically/surgically with attendant morbidity and mortality. anecdotal evidence suggests that fruit juices' enzymes may dissolve meat boluses. to assess this, an in vitro study was carried out. cooked chicken was tightly packed between 10 and 8 ml markers of 80, 10 ml syringes. two millilitres of fresh juice from lemons, papaya, kiwi fruits, pineapples, frozen and then thawed pineapple juice, processed pineapple juice, coca-cola and saliva ...	2004	15533162
the effects of ananas comosus l. leaves on diabetic-dyslipidemic rats induced by alloxan and a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet.	the aim of this study is to demonstrate the effects of ananas comosus l. leaves on diabetic-dyslipidemic rats. hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of the ethanolic extract of ananas comosus l. leaves (eeacl) were evaluated in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats by oral glucose tolerance test and an olive oil load test. anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-oxidative activities of eeacl were also investigated in diabetic-dyslipidemic rats induced by alloxan and a high-fat/high-ch ...	2005	15844837
treatment with oral bromelain decreases colonic inflammation in the il-10-deficient murine model of inflammatory bowel disease.	bromelain is a mixture of proteinases derived from pineapple stem that is marketed in health food stores as a "digestive aid". orally administered bromelain was anecdotally reported to induce clinical and endoscopic remission of ulcerative colitis in two patients whose disease was refractory to multi-agent conventional medical therapy. however, the potential efficacy of bromelain in colitis has not yet been tested rigorously in either animals or humans. in this study, the clinical and histologic ...	2005	15936249
growth and survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 in fresh tropical fruit juices at ambient and cold temperatures.	the survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 in acidic foods and its enhanced survival in refrigerated acid foods are well documented. this prompted the present study to evaluate the growth potential of e. coli o157:h7 in fresh tropical fruit juices. the ph of the various juices ranged between 3.57 (pineapple) and 6.2 (avocado). samples were separately inoculated with a mixture of four e. coli o157:h7 strains at initial levels of approximately 10(3) cfu/ml, and stored at refrigeration (4 degrees c) ...	2005	16019323
proteinase activity and stability of natural bromelain preparations.	bromelain is a complex mixture of proteinases typically derived from pineapple stem. similar proteinases are also present in pineapple fruit. beneficial therapeutic effects of bromelain have been suggested or proven in several human inflammatory diseases and animal models of inflammation, including arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. however, it is not clear how each of the proteinases within bromelain contributes to its anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. previous in vivo studies using bro ...	2005	15710346
assessment of the anthelmintic effect of natural plant cysteine proteinases against the gastrointestinal nematode, heligmosomoides polygyrus, in vitro.	we examined the mechanism of action and compared the anthelmintic efficacy of cysteine proteinases from papaya, pineapple, fig, kiwi fruit and egyptian milkweed in vitro using the rodent gastrointestinal nematode heligmosomoides polygyrus. within a 2 h incubation period, all the cysteine proteinases, with the exception of the kiwi fruit extract, caused marked damage to the cuticle of h. polygyrus adult male and female worms, reflected in the loss of surface cuticular layers. efficacy was compara ...	2005	15727070
modulation of murine tumor growth and colonization by bromelaine, an extract of the pineapple plant (ananas comosum l.).	the antitumor and antimetastatic activities of the plant cysteine endoproteinase bromelaine were evaluated in a murine model. syngeneic sarcoma l-1 cells were incubated with bromelaine (after preceeding time and dosage kinetics) and subcutaneously; (s.c.) or intravenously; (i.v.) inoculated into balb/c-mice (n = 5 per experimental group) to induce local tumor growth or lung colonization. compared to non-protease incubated l-1 cells, local tumor growth and experimental lung metastasis decreased s ...	2005	15796214
purification, characterization, and antifungal activity of chitinases from pineapple (ananas comosus) leaf.	three chitinases, designated pineapple leaf chitinase (pl chi)-a, -b, and -c were purified from the leaves of pineapple (ananas comosus) using chitin affinity column chromatography followed by several column chromatographies. pl chi-a is a class iii chitinase having a molecular mass of 25 kda and an isoelectric point of 4.4. pl chi-b and -c are class i chitinases having molecular masses of 33 kda and 39 kda and isoelectric points of 7.9 and 4.6 respectively. pl chi-c is a glycoprotein and the ot ...	2005	15665484
lichen striatus in an adult following trauma.	a 36-year-old man presented with a linear erythematous eruption along his right forearm and dystrophy of his right thumbnail. these changes had developed 2 weeks after his right thumb had been pricked by a pineapple leaf and evolved over a 6-week period. histopathology revealed features consistent with lichen striatus. he complained of mild intermittent pruritus, which responded to moderate-potency topical corticosteroids. at 12 months the skin eruption had improved, but the nail changes persist ...	2005	15670174
stability of enterocin as-48 in fruit and vegetable juices.	enterocin as-48 is a candidate bacteriocin for food biopreservation. before addressing application of as-48 to vegetable-based foods, the interaction between as-48 and vegetable food components and the stability of as-48 were studied. enterocin as-48 had variable interactions with fruit and vegetable juices, with complete, partial, or negligible loss of activity. for some juices, loss of activity was ameliorated by increasing the bacteriocin concentration, diluting the juice, or applying a heat ...	2005	16245711
effect of acute and chronic grapefruit, orange, and pineapple juice intake on blood lipid profile in normolipidemic rat.	high fruit intake is known to be associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease. our objective was to determine the effects of acute and chronic juice [grapefruit, orange, and pineapple] intake on plasma lipid profile and lipoprotein metabolism in normolipidemic rats.	2005	16319784
bromelain exerts anti-inflammatory effects in an ovalbumin-induced murine model of allergic airway disease.	bromelain, a clinically used pineapple extract and natural product, has reported anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bromelain treatment in an ovalbumin (ova)-induced murine model of allergic airway disease (aad).	2005	16337164
sulfasalazine transport in in-vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo absorption models: contribution of efflux carriers and their modulation by co-administration of synthetic nature-identical fruit extracts.	sulfasalazine is characterised by low oral bioavailability. in this study, its intestinal transport characteristics were studied in an in-vitro, ex-vivo and in-situ system. the absorptive transport of sulfasalazine across caco-2 monolayers appeared to be lower than the secretory transport (p(app-abs) = 0.21 +/- 0.02 x 10(-6) cm s(-1) and p(app-secr) = 2.97 +/- 0.30 x 10(-6) cm s(-1), respectively). this polarity in transport of sulfasalazine was not mediated by p-glycoprotein (p-gp), as inclusio ...	2005	16354400
[hypersensitivity to poppy seeds].	hypersensitivity to poppy seeds is rare and it may develop due to immune (allergy) and non-immune reactions of fulminant course. two cases of hypersensitivity to poppy seeds are presented: in a 21-year-old woman and 32-year-old man in whom life-threatening symptoms and signs of anaphylaxis (ssa) developed after consumption of poppy seeds in various situations, e.g in the street after consumption of a roll with poppy seeds or a cake prepared on a moulding board on which poppy seeds were previousl ...	2005	16425801
sharing malaysian experience with the development of biotechnology-derived food crops.	biotechnology-derived food crops are currently being developed in malaysia mainly for disease resistance and improved post harvest quality. the modern biotechnology approach is adopted because of its potential to overcome constraints faced by conventional breeding techniques. research on the development of biotechnology-derived papaya, pineapple, chili, passion fruit, and citrus is currently under way. biotechnology-derived papaya developed for resistance to papaya ringspot virus (prsv) and impr ...	2005	16465992
production of lactic acid and fungal biomass by rhizopus fungi from food processing waste streams.	this study proposed a novel waste utilization bioprocess for production of lactic acid and fungal biomass from waste streams by fungal species of rhizopus arrhizus 36017 and r. oryzae 2062. the lactic acid and fungal biomass were produced in a single-stage simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process using potato, corn, wheat and pineapple waste streams as production media. r. arrhizus 36017 gave a high lactic acid yield up to 0.94-0.97 g/g of starch or sugars associated with 4-5 g/l o ...	2005	16208461
phytophthora cinnamomi.	summary phytophthora cinnamomi rands was first isolated from cinnamon trees in sumatra in 1922. the pathogen is believed to have originated near papua new guinea but now has a worldwide distribution. p. cinnamomi is heterothallic with a1 and a2 mating types; however, even in areas in which both mating types are present, it appears that genetic diversity arises asexually rather than as a result of sexual recombination. p. cinnamomi can grow saprophytically in the soil for long periods, rapidly ca ...	2005	20565682
pineappledb: an online pineapple bioinformatics resource.	a world first pineapple est sequencing program has been undertaken to investigate genes expressed during non-climacteric fruit ripening and the nematode-plant interaction during root infection. very little is known of how non-climacteric fruit ripening is controlled or of the molecular basis of the nematode-plant interaction. pineappledb was developed to provide the research community with access to a curated bioinformatics resource housing the fruit, root and nematode infected gall expressed se ...	2005	16202174
developing pineapple fruit has a small transcriptome dominated by metallothionein.	in a first step toward understanding the molecular basis of pineapple fruit development, a sequencing project was initiated to survey a range of expressed sequences from green unripe and yellow ripe fruit tissue. a highly abundant metallothionein transcript was identified during library construction, and was estimated to account for up to 50% of all est library clones. library clones with metallothionein subtracted were sequenced, and 408 unripe green and 1140 ripe yellow edited est clone sequen ...	2005	15520025
applied k fertilizer use efficiency in pineapples grown on a tropical peat soil under residues removal.	in malaysia, pineapples are grown on peat soils, but most k fertilizer recommendations do not take into account k loss through leaching. the objective of this study was to determine applied k use efficiency under a conventionally recommended fertilization regime in pineapple cultivation with residues removal. results showed that k recovery from applied k fertilizer in pineapple cultivation on tropical peat soil was low, estimated at 28%. at a depth of 0-10 cm, there was a sharp decrease of soil ...	2005	15674449
an improved cryopreservation protocol for pineapple apices using encapsulation-vitrification.	several modifications to the cryogenic protocols previously described for pineapple apices were performed using vitrification and encapsulation-vitrification. pregrowth of apices in sucrose-proline before loading significantly reduced the exposure duration to pvs2 and pvs3 required for successful cryopreservation. encapsulation and treatments with pvs3 at 0 degree c gave the highest survival before and after cooling. optimal conditions involved the encapsulation of pineapple apices in calcium al ...	2005	15660167
biofibers from agricultural byproducts for industrial applications.	lignocellulosic agricultural byproducts are a copious and cheap source for cellulose fibers. agro-based biofibers have the composition, properties and structure that make them suitable for uses such as composite, textile, pulp and paper manufacture. in addition, biofibers can also be used to produce fuel, chemicals, enzymes and food. byproducts produced from the cultivation of corn, wheat, rice, sorghum, barley, sugarcane, pineapple, banana and coconut are the major sources of agro-based biofibe ...	2005	15629854
plaque and salivary ph changes after consumption of fresh fruit juices.	the concept of health has prevailed for centuries and the dietary habits are apparently changing with modernization. "healthy eating" is now perceived to be important. the desirability of a healthful lifestyle has led to an increased consumption of juices. drinking large amount of fruit juice is frequently practiced these days and the consumption of these juices is further modified with behavioral habits such as swishing and frothing the drinks around the mouth, sucking frozen fruit juices, use ...	2005	16302592
kenneth frank baker--pioneer leader in plant pathology.	kenneth f. baker (1908-1996) made major contributions to understanding diseases of ornamental plants, seed pathology, soil-borne plant pathogens, biological control, and history of plant pathology. his work set the stage for the success of today's ornamentals and nursery industries. his leadership and writings created the scientific framework for research and teaching on soil-borne plant pathogens and biological control. after b.sc. and ph.d. degrees from washington state university in 1930 and ...	2005	16078875
molecular characterization of a gender-linked dna marker and a related gene in mercurialis annua l.	the dioecious mercurialis annua l. was used as a model plant to study some aspects of the molecular basis of sex determination in plants. we report in this paper the characterization of a previously identified male specific dna marker, opb01-1562, from diploid dioecious m. annua. the marker co-segregated with male sex in the progeny of hormonally feminized males. sequence analysis showed the presence of approximately 0.6 kb retrotransposon-like sequence at its 3' end. homologous sequences were i ...	2005	16049676
odor-active constituents in fresh pineapple (ananas comosus [l.] merr.) by quantitative and sensory evaluation.	by application of aroma extract dilution analysis (aeda) to an aroma distillate prepared from fresh pineapple using solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (safe), 29 odor-active compounds were detected in the flavor dilution (fd) factor range of 2 to 4,096. quantitative measurements performed by stable isotope dilution assays (sida) and a calculation of odor activity values (oavs) of 12 selected odorants revealed the following compounds as key odorants in fresh pineapple flavor: 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimet ...	2005	16041138
effect of ripe fruit pulp on the sensory and nutritive quality of ready-to-eat breakfast cereal produced from maize and soybean flours and cassava starch blends.	the effects of various concentrations of different ripe fruit pulps on the sensory and nutritive quality of breakfast cereal were studied. the breakfast cereal was formulated using 1 kg composite flour (composed of 600 g maize flour and 400 g soy flour) in addition to 100 g cassava starch, 225 g sugar and 12 g salt. pineapple, pawpaw and banana ripe fruit pulps were added separately to the breakfast formulation at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 g/kg composite flour. using sensory eva ...	2005	16019313
pineapple juice labeled with gadolinium: a convenient oral contrast for magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.	the aim of our study was to prepare in vitro a pineapple juice (pj) solution labeled with a minimal gadolinium concentration working as a negative contrast agent in heavily t2-weighted imaging and to assess that solution in vivo as a negative oral contrast agent for magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (mrcp). three pjs were compared in vitro according to their t2. increasing concentrations of gadolinium (gd)-dota in pj were assessed in vitro for t2 reduction. single-shot turbo spin echo ...	2005	15999215
detection of exogenous citric acid in fruit juices by stable isotope ratio analysis.	a new method has been developed for measuring the d/h ratio of the nonexchangeable sites of citric acid by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (irms). pure citric acid is transformed into its calcium salt and subsequently analyzed by pyrolysis-irms. the citric acid isolated from authentic fruit juices (citrus, pineapple, and red fruits) systematically shows higher d/h values than its nonfruit counterpart produced by fermentation of various sugar sources. the discrimination obtained with this simplif ...	2005	15969486
fungal infections of fresh-cut fruit can be detected by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometric identification of microbial volatile organic compounds.	there is a large and rapidly growing market for fresh-cut fruit. microbial volatile organic compounds indicate the presence of fungal or bacterial contamination in fruit. in order to determine whether microbial volatile organic compounds can be used to detect contamination before fruit becomes unmarketable, pieces of cantaloupe, apple, pineapple, and orange were inoculated with a variety of fungal species, incubated at 25 degrees c, then sealed in glass vials. the volatiles were extracted by hea ...	2005	15954710
susceptibility of the interchain peptide of a bromelain inhibitor precursor to the target proteases bromelain, chymotrypsin, and trypsin.	bromein, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor from pineapple stem, is a unique double-chain inhibitor. the 27.5-kda precursor protein is processed by the removal of three interchain, two interdomain, and two terminal-flanking peptides, thus resulting in the release of mature isoinhibitors of approximately 6 kda. to characterize the processing of the interchain peptide thr15-ser-ser-ser-asp, we expressed a single-chain precursor with this peptide and monitored proteolytic cleavage by the target protei ...	2005	15927893