Publications

transgenic or plant expression vector-mediated recombination of plum pox virus.	different mutants of an infectious full-length clone (p35ppv-nat) of plum pox virus (ppv) were constructed: three mutants with mutations of the assembly motifs rq and df in the coat protein gene (cp) and two cp chimeras with exchanges in the cp core region of zucchini yellow mosaic virus and potato virus y. the assembly mutants were restricted to single infected cells, whereas the ppv chimeras were able to produce systemic infections in nicotiana benthamiana plants. after passages in different t ...	2000	10906199
a scientific basis for the therapeutic effects of pygeum africanum and serenoa repens.	in europe, phytotherapeutic preparations have been prescribed for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) for over 20 years [1-4]. in these countries, phytotherapeutic preparations represent approximately 1/3 of total sales of all therapeutic agents sold for the treatment of bph. in france, and other countries, phytotherapeutic preparations are the most widely used drugs for the treatment of bph. in asia, africa, and india, phytotherapy is considered a first-line treatmen ...	2000	10929430
episomal expression of a hammerhead ribozyme directed against plum pox virus.	two related antisense rnas directed against plum pox virus (ppv) were expressed episomally in nicotiana clevelandii by infection with recombinant potato virus x (pvx). one recombinant pvx expressed an ordinary ppv antisense rna of about 400 nucleotides, while the other expressed a related antisense rna that carried the catalytic domain of a hammerhead ribozyme. inoculation with the latter recombinant pvx resulted in the accumulation of ribozyme rna that was catalytically active when tested in vi ...	2000	10930659
radiation and divergence in the rhagoletis pomonella species group: inferences from allozymes.	the rhagoletis pomonella species group has for decades been a focal point for debate over the possibility of sympatric speciation via host shift. here i present the first extensive analysis of genetic (allozyme) divergence in the pomonella group, including all known taxa/populations except the allopatric mexican population of r. pomonella. the phylogeny is estimated for all four described species (pomonella, mendax, zephyria, and cornivora) plus two undescribed species (the "flowering dogwood fl ...	2000	10937231
native electrophoresis and western blot analysis (neweb): a method for characterization of different forms of potyvirus particles and similar nucleoprotein complexes in extracts of infected plant tissues.	a combination of native electrophoresis and immunodetection (western blot) was used for the characterization of nucleoprotein particles of the potyvirus plum pox virus (ppv). virus particles were electrophoresed directly from plant extracts in agarose or mixed acrylamide-agarose gels under native conditions, blotted on nitrocellulose membranes, and characterized with the aid of a coat protein-specific antibody. using this combined methodology, called neweb (native electrophoresis and western blo ...	2000	10950988
construction of a stable and highly infectious intron-containing cdna clone of plum pox potyvirus and its use to infect plants by particle bombardment.	an infectious plum pox potyvirus cdna clone was constructed placing a copy of the full-length sequence of the virus genome between an enhanced cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and a nopaline synthase termination signal. stabilization of the clone and faster growth of bacteria, in addition to higher plasmid yield, followed a modification consisting of the insertion of an intron which interrupted the viral open reading frame at the p3 region. this intron-containing clone was infectious when i ...	2000	10958981
histopathology and polyphenol content in plants infected by phytoplasmas.	the alterations of cell walls and the localization of several compounds such as polyphenols, suberin, lignin, in plum and apple plants infected with plum leptonecrosis (pln) and apple proliferation (ap) phytoplasmas respectively, were investigated. catharanthus roseus plants, infected with ap or pln were also studied. the 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi) test and transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of phytoplasmas in all infected plants. specific histological stainings for cu ...	2000	10969878
role of the waxy skin layer in moisture loss during dehydration of prunes.	permeability studies of water through the skin and flesh of d'agen plums have been carried out by radiotracer and pgse nmr techniques as a function of moisture content. the results have shown that the diffusion coefficient of water through the skin layer increases as the fruit is dried at 70 degrees c or above. by contrast, the water diffusion through the fruit becomes more hindered as moisture is lost and structural collapse of the cell layers takes place. values for diffusion coefficients of w ...	2000	10995336
improved rna extraction and one-tube rt-pcr assay for simultaneous detection of control plant rna plus several viruses in plant extracts.	a procedure was developed for simultaneous detection of plant rna viruses and of plant rna, as a control. rt-pcr amplification with primers designed for the detection of the plant mrnas encoding malate dehydrogenase (mdh) and the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (rubiscol) was used for the development of a plant extraction procedure that consistently yields extracts that can be amplified. the control amplification was used successfully on extracts from cane, leaf and/ ...	2000	11011079
posterior urethral valves with congenital megalo-urethra.	a 3-year-old male child was admitted with complaints of dysuria and dribbling of urine since birth. there was a small plum sized swelling, on the ventral surface of penis, which increased in size during micturition and on compression of the swelling urine dribbled out. voiding cysto-urethrogram showed posterior urethral valves with scaphoid megalo-urethra. vesicostomy with fulguration of the valves and one year later reduction urethroplasty were performed.	2000	11016183
visual pigments, cone oil droplets and ocular media in four species of estrildid finch.	a microspectrophotometric study was conducted on the retinal photoreceptors of four species of bird: cut-throat finches (amadina fasciata), gouldian finches (erythrura gouldiae), white-headed munias (lonchura maja) and plum-headed finches (neochmia modesta). spectral characteristics of the photoreceptors in all four species were very similar. rods contained a medium-wavelength-sensitive visual pigment with a wavelength of maximum absorbance at 502-504 nm. four spectrally distinct types of single ...	2000	11016784
quantitative analysis of flavan-3-ols in spanish foodstuffs and beverages.	an hplc method, using detection after postcolumn derivatization with p-dimethylaminocynnamaldehyde (dmaca), was developed for the quantitative analysis of individual flavanols in food. this method was applied to flavanol determination in 56 different kinds of spanish food products, including fruit, vegetables, legumes, beverages (cider, coffee, beer, tea, and wine), and chocolate. the determined compounds corresponded to the catechins and proanthocyanidin dimers and trimers usually present in fo ...	2000	11087482
identification, quantitative determination, and antioxidative activities of chlorogenic acid isomers in prune (prunus domestica l. ).	neochlorogenic acid (3-cqa) and cryptochlorogenic acid (4-cqa), isolated from prune (prunus domestica l.), were identified by nmr and ms analyses. in addition, the quantity of chlorogenic acid isomers in prune were measured by hplc. these isomers, 3-cqa, 4-cqa, and chlorogenic acid (5-cqa), were contained in the ratio 78.7:18. 4:3.9, respectively. 4-cqa was identified and quantified in prune for the first time, and relatively high amounts of this isomer were characteristic. antioxidative activit ...	2000	11087511
16s rdna sequence analysis of xylella fastidiosa strains.	the 16s rdna encoding the small subunit ribosomal rna were amplified by pcr, cloned, and sequenced from 16 strains of xylella fastidiosa originating from nine different hosts. in pair-wise comparisons, x. fastidiosa strains showed a maximum variation of 1.0% or 14 nucleotide positions. when all 16 sequences were considered as a set, 54 variable positions were found. analysis of the sequence data indicated that the x. fastdiosa strains formed three rdna groups. group one includes pierce's disease ...	2000	11108013
the use of transgenic fruit trees as a resistance strategy for virus epidemics: the plum pox (sharka) model.	sharka or plum pox, caused by plum pox virus (ppv: genus potyvirus; family potyviridae), is the most serious disease of prunus. most cultivated prunus species are highly susceptible and conventional breeding has not produced highly resistant and commercially acceptable varieties. success in developing virus-resistant herbaceous crops through genetic engineering led us to investigate this approach for resistance to ppv. our programme aims to develop a biotechnological approach to ppv control that ...	2000	11137162
development of a shoot-tip vitrification protocol and comparison with encapsulation-based procedures for plum (prunus domestica l.) cryopreservation.	cryopreservation of plum (prunus domestica l.), cv regina claudia, was obtained by a vitrification/one-step cooling procedure of shoot tips from cold-hardened in vitro-grown plants. best survival (57%) was obtained when the shoot tips were precultured at 4 degree c for 2 days on 0.09 m sucrose-containing quoirin and le poivre medium, loaded for 30 min with a cryoprotectant (2 m glycerol and 0.4 m sucrose), incubated with the pvs2 solution at 0 c for 90 min, and directly plunged into liquid nitro ...	2000	12148038
lipid transfer protein: a pan-allergen in plant-derived foods that is highly resistant to pepsin digestion.	lipid transfer proteins (ltps) are small molecules of approximately 10 kd that demonstrate high stability. they have recently been identified as allergens in the rosaceae subfamilies of the prunoideae (peach, apricot, plum) and of the pomoideae (apple). they belong to a family of structurally highly conserved proteins that are also present in non-rosaceae vegetable foods.	2000	10859466
biohazards--emerging diseases. a plum of an island.		2000	10862416
mechanism of adsorption of dyes and phenols from water using activated carbons prepared from plum kernels.	the kinetics and mechanism of adsorption of two commercial dyes (br22, ab25), phenol, and 3-chlorophenol from water on activated carbons were studied at 30 degrees c. the activated carbons were prepared from plum kernels, and the activation temperature and time tested were in the ranges 750-900 degrees c and 1-4 h, respectively. three simplified kinetic models including a pseudo-first-order, a pseudo-second-order, and an intraparticle diffusion model were tested. it was shown that the adsorption ...	2000	10873331
clinical cross-reactivity among foods of the rosaceae family.	foods from the rosaceae botanical family have been increasingly reported as causes of allergic reaction. patients frequently have positive skin tests or radioallergosorbent test results for multiple members of this botanical family.	2000	10887323
biotechnological aspects of plum pox virus.	plum pox potyvirus (ppv), the causal agent of a devastating disease that affects stone fruit trees, is becoming a target of intense studies intended both to fight against viral infection and to develop practical applications based on the current knowledge of potyvirus molecular biology. this review focuses on biotechnological aspects related to ppv, such as novel diagnostic techniques that facilitate detection and typing of virus isolates, strategies to implement pathogen-derived resistance thro ...	2000	10656327
identification of a pathogenicity determinant of plum pox virus in the sequence encoding the c-terminal region of protein p3+6k(1).	a full-length genomic cdna clone of a plum pox potyvirus (ppv) isolate belonging to the m strain (ppv-ps) has been cloned downstream from a bacteriophage t7 polymerase promoter and sequenced. transcripts from the resulting plasmid, pgppvps, were infectious and, in herbaceous hosts, produced symptoms that differed from those of virus progeny of pgppv, a full-length genomic cdna clone of the d strain ppv-r. viable ppv-r/-ps chimeric viruses were constructed by recombination of the cdna clones in v ...	2000	10675393
mutations in the coat protein gene of plum pox virus suppress particle assembly, heterologous encapsidation and complementation in transgenic plants of nicotiana benthamiana.	two different motifs in the coat protein (cp) of plum pox virus (ppv) (r(3015)q(3016), d(3059)) were mutated by replacing the respective amino acids with others possessing different chemical properties. the mutated cp genes were introduced into an infectious full-length clone of ppv (p35ppv-nat) to investigate their influence on systemic infection of transgenic wild-type ppv cp-expressing and non-transgenic plants of nicotiana benthamiana. all mutants failed to establish systemic infections in n ...	2000	10675394
strains of xylella fastidiosa rapidly distinguished by arbitrarily primed-pcr.	genomic dnas isolated from strains of xylella fastidiosa that caused citrus variegated chlorosis, coffee leaf scorch, pierce's disease of grapevine, and plum leaf scorch were analyzed by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction. purified dna was amplified under nonstringent conditions with single primers 21 nucleotides (nt) long. thirty-nine amplification products were observed that were useful to distinguish among the strains and to derive a similarity matrix and construct a phenogram showi ...	2000	10688699
[noxious stimulation-induced morphological changes of nitric oxide synthase-positive neurons in the tongue of rats].	to explore noxious stimulation-induced morphological changes of nitric oxide synthase (nos) positive neurons in the tongue.	2000	11780489
conservation biology: feds team up with a company to protect 17 threatened fish species.	for several years now, road runoff and erosion stemming in part from the operations of the plum creek timber co. have choked elk creek, known as the best bull trout spawning stream in the west, with sediment, raising fears of even further decline in this endangered species. now, in an effort to mitigate its harmful effects and avert regulatory action, plum creek has designed a native fish habitat conservation plan covering 17 fish species, including the bull trout.	2000	17840573
simultaneous detection of the three ilarviruses affecting stone fruit trees by nonisotopic molecular hybridization and multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.	abstract the three most economically damaging ilarviruses affecting stone fruit trees on a worldwide scale are the related prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv), prune dwarf virus (pdv), and apple mosaic virus (apmv). nonisotopic molecular hybridization and multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) methodologies were developed that could detect all these viruses simultaneously. the latter technique was advantageous because it was discriminatory. for rt-pcr, a degenerate ...	2000	18943373
species-specific detection of monilinia fructicola from california stone fruits and flowers.	abstract a set of molecular diagnostics was developed for monilinia fructicola, causal agent of brown rot of stone fruits, capable of sensitive detection of the pathogen in planta. species-specific repetitive sequences were identified from a partial library of 312 recombinant clones hybridized with total dna, followed by subsequent screening for specificity. one hundred isolates, comprising 12 fungal species common to california stone fruits, were surveyed for specificity. three clones hybridize ...	2001	18943587
an evaluation of the genetic diversity of xylella fastidiosa isolated from diseased citrus and coffee in são paulo, brazil.	abstract strains of xylella fastidiosa, isolated from sweet orange trees (citrus sinensis) and coffee trees (coffea arabica) with symptoms of citrus variegated chlorosis and requeima do café, respectively, were indistinguishable based on repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus pcr assays. these strains were also indistinguishable with a previously described pcr assay that distinguished the citrus strains from all other ...	2001	18943950
risk analysis of brown rot blossom blight of prune caused by monilinia fructicola.	experiments under controlled environmental conditions were conducted during bloom of prune (prunus domestica, l.) in 1999 and 2000 to assess the effects of inoculum concentration (ic), wetness duration (wd), temperature, and bloom stages on development of brown rot blossom blight of prunes. branches from trees of a prune orchard were inoculated with monilinia fructicola at different bloom stages and incubated at different temperatures with different periods of wd. the proportion of blighted blos ...	2001	18944033
identification of plum pox virus determinants implicated in specific interactions with different prunus spp.	abstract the characterization of pathogenic properties of two infectious clones of plum pox virus (ppv) isolates, pgppv (d group) and pgppvps (m group), was investigated in their woody hosts (seedlings of prunus spp.). the two clones differed in their ability to infect plum and peach cultivars, from no infection to local and systemic infection. the phenotype determinants were located with a set of chimeric viruses from the two clones. in plum, determinants of systemic infection were located in a ...	2001	18944389
treatment of hypersaline-containing wastewater with salt-tolerant microorganisms.	two salt-tolerant bacteria were isolated from soil samples to treat a high-salt-content wastewater from a pickled plum production plant. the strains, which were identified as staphylococcus sp. and bacillus cereus, grew well in a medium containing 0 to 15% nacl. when wastewater in a flask was treated with the strains for 72 h, the cod removal was about 70%, and this was increased to about 90% when they were used in a pilot plant (working volume 1 m3) in a batch culture carried out for 7 d. the s ...	2001	16232979
springtime pollinosis and oral allergy syndrome in sapporo.	the purpose of this present study was to investigate pollinosis in the spring and oral allergy syndrome (oas) in sapporo to utilize it for future treatment.	2001	11683343
phenological modifications in plants by various edaphic factors.	various mechanical, chemical and physical soil analyses were carried out, in addition to weather observations, for 3 years at several sites along an oceanic-continental gradient in a fjord district in western norway. all the environmental factors observed were correlated with the spring and a few late-season phenophases of many native and cultivated woody plants and some herbs by simple, linear correlations and by stepwise multiple and partial analyses. different techniques were used to try and ...	2001	11769320
evaluation of the antioxidant properties of mediterranean and tropical fruits compared with common food additives.	several mediterranean and tropical fruits have been analyzed in order to assess their antioxidant activity compared with that of common food additives (butylated hydroxyanisole [bha], butylated hydroxytoluene [bht] and propyl gallate). among mediterranean fruits, red grape and plum were more effective (p < 0.05) scavengers of peroxyl radicals than bha, bht, and propyl gallate. of the tropical fruits, banana was the most effective scavenger of peroxyl radicals. mediterranean and tropical fruits s ...	2001	11770635
response of plum curculio (coleoptera: curculionidae) to odor-baited traps near woods.	response of overwintered plum curculios, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst), to odor-baited traps was evaluated from the beginning until nearly the end of emigration from overwintering sites in woods. we evaluated clear sticky plexiglas panels and black pyramid traps placed close to woods adjacent to apple trees in an unsprayed section of an orchard. traps were baited with aggregation pheromone (grandisoic acid) alone or in combination with one of six synthetic fruit volatiles (benzaldehvde, decyl ...	2001	11777040
[formation of ethyl carbamate in umeshu (plum liqueur)].	samples of umeshu, a japanese plum liqueur made from unripe plums, shochu and crystal sugar, were stored under fluorescent light, in the dark and in the refrigerator. the amount of ethyl carbamate formed in umeshu exposed to light or room temperature was larger than that in the dark or at low temperature. the amount of ethyl carbamate formed in umeshu to which cyanide had been added was larger than that in the absence of added cyanide. thus, the amount of ethyl carbamate formed in the umeshu was ...	2001	11875819
genetic diversity of pierce's disease strains and other pathotypes of xylella fastidiosa.	strains of xylella fastidiosa isolated from grape, almond, maple, and oleander were characterized by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-, repetitive extragenic palindromic element (rep)-, and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd)-pcr; contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (chef) gel electrophoresis; plasmid content; and sequencing of the 16s-23s rrna spacer region. combining methods gave greater resolution of strain groupings than any single method. strains isolated ...	2001	11157260
a phylogenetic analysis of prunus and the amygdaloideae (rosaceae) using its sequences of nuclear ribosomal dna.	the economically important plum or cherry genus (prunus:) and the subfamily amygdaloideae of the rosaceae have a controversial taxonomic history due to the lack of a phylogenetic framework. phylogenetic analysis using the its sequences of nuclear ribosomal dna (nrdna) was conducted to construct the evolutionary history and evaluate the historical classifications of prunus: and the amygdaloideae. the analyses suggest two major groups within the amygdaloideae: (1) prunus: s.l. (sensu lato) and mad ...	2001	11159135
protection of rabbits against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus by immunization with the vp60 protein expressed in plants with a potyvirus-based vector.	a new plum pox potyvirus (ppv)-based vector has been constructed for the expression of full-length individual foreign proteins. the foreign sequences are cloned between the nib replicase and capsid protein (cp) cistrons. the heterologous protein is split from the rest of the potyviral polyprotein by cleavage at the site that originally separated the nib and cp proteins and at an additional nia protease recognition site engineered at its amino-terminal end. this vector (ppv-nk) has been used to c ...	2001	11162842
identification of an n-terminal domain of the plum pox potyvirus ci rna helicase involved in self-interaction in a yeast two-hybrid system.	potyvirus ci rna helicase is a protein involved in rna genome replication and virus movement. the protein aggregates in the cytoplasm of infected cells to form typical cylindrical inclusions. a yeast two-hybrid system was used to analyse interactions of the ci rna helicase from plum pox potyvirus (ppv) with itself and with other viral proteins. no interactions could be detected of full-length ci protein with itself or with ppv p3/6k1, nia, nib or cp proteins. however, positive self-interactions ...	2001	11172111
integrated rt-pcr/nested pcr diagnosis for differentiating between subgroups of plum pox virus.	an rt-pcr/nested pcr technique was developed for the simultaneous detection and typing of plum pox virus (ppv) and its major types--dideron (d), marcus (m), el-amar (ea) and cherry (c). degenerated oligonucleotides were synthesized for the general detection of ppv, flanking the coding sequence for the n-terminal portion of the coat protein (cp), within which strain-specific differences were identified. on the basis of these characteristic differences, degenerated primer pairs were designed to di ...	2001	11226563
response of antioxidative enzymes to plum pox virus in two apricot cultivars.	recent evidence has indicated that activated oxygen species (aos) may function as molecular signals in the induction of defence genes. in the present work, the response of antioxidative enzymes to the plum pox virus (ppv) was examined in two apricot (prunus armeniaca l.) cultivars, which behaved differently against ppv infection. in the inoculated resistant cultivar (goldrich), a decrease in catalase (cat) as well as an increase in total superoxide dismutase (sod) and dehydroascorbate reductase ...	2001	11240915
the molecular characterization of 16 new sequence variants of hop stunt viroid reveals the existence of invariable regions and a conserved hammerhead-like structure on the viroid molecule.	at present isolates of hop stunt viroid (hsvd) are divided into five groups: three major groups (plum-type, hop-type and citrus-type) each containing isolates from only a limited number of isolation hosts and two minor groups that were presumed to derive from recombination events between members of the main groups. in this work we present the characterization of 16 new sequence variants of hsvd obtained from four mediterranean countries (cyprus, greece, morocco and turkey) where this viroid had ...	2001	11257203
pathogenicity determinants in the complex virus population of a plum pox virus isolate.	several subisolates were separated from a single plum pox virus (ppv) isolate, ppv-ps. in spite of an extremely high sequence conservation (more than 99.9% similarity), different subisolates differed largely in pathogenicity in herbaceous hosts and infectivity in woody plants. the severity of symptomatology did not seem to correlate with virus accumulation. sequence analysis and site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that single amino acid changes in the helper component (hc) protein caused a dr ...	2001	11277425
plum take-away.		2001	11287263
lipid transfer proteins and 2s albumins as allergens.	plant lipid transfer proteins, a widespread family of proteins, have been recently identified as important food allergens. their common structural features, such as eight conserved cysteines forming disulfide bridges, basic isoelectric point and high similarity in amino acid sequence, are the basis of allergic clinical cross-reactivity. this has been demonstrated for the ltp allergens of the prunoideae subfamily, whose similarity is about 95% as demonstrated for the purified allergens of peach, ...	2001	11298008
phylogenetic relationships of xylella fastidiosa strains from different hosts, based on 16s rdna and 16s-23s intergenic spacer sequences.	the phylogenetic relationships of xylella fastidiosa strains isolated from different hosts, including citrus trees, coffee, grapevine, plum and pear, were inferred by sequence analysis of the 16s rdna and 16s-23s intergenic spacer region. a high level of similarity (97.1-100%) was found in the 16s rdna of the xylella fastidiosa strains. the 16s-23s region showed a higher level of variation, with similarity values ranging from 79.8 to 100%. two trnas (trna(ala) and trna(ile)) were encountered wit ...	2001	11321075
fruit and vegetable fiber fermentation by gut microflora from canines.	the objective of this study was to assess fermentability by canine gut microflora to include shortchain fatty acid (scfa) production, organic matter (om) disappearance, and gas production of vegetable and fruit fiber sources compared to fiber standards (psyllium, citrus pectin, and solka floc). fiber sources included apple pomace, carrot pomace, flaxseed, fruit blend (mixture of peach, almond, nectarine, and plum), grape pomace, pea hulls, pistachio, and tomato pomace. substrates were fermented ...	2001	11325198
evaluation of individual components of plum odor as potential attractants for adult plum curculios.	we evaluated olfactory attraction of overwintered plum curculio (pc) adults, conotrachelus nenuphar, to 16 individual volatile components of unripe plum odor in the laboratory using a still-air dual-choice bioassay system and in the field using baited cotton dental wicks attached to boll-weevil traps placed on the ground beneath the canopy of unsprayed apple trees. two compounds, ethyl isovalerate and limonene, were significantly attractive in both laboratory bioassays and field experiments. in ...	2001	11382056
assessment of the genetic diversity of xylella fastidiosa isolated from citrus in brazil by pcr-rflp of the 16s rdna and 16s-23s intergenic spacer and rep-pcr fingerprinting.	the genetic diversity among twenty three strains of xylella fastidiosa, isolated from sweet orange citrus, was assessed by rflp analysis of the 16s rdna and 16s-23s intergenic spacer and by rep-pcr fingerprinting together with strains isolated from coffee, grapevine, plum and pear. the pcr products obtained by amplification of the 16s rdna and 16s-23s spacer region were digested with restriction enzymes and a low level of polymorphism was detected. in rep-pcr fingerprinting, a relationship betwe ...	2001	11392484
chemical composition and potential health effects of prunes: a functional food?	prunes are dried plums, fruits of prunus domestica l., cultivated and propagated since ancient times. most dried prunes are produced from cultivar d'agen, especially in california and france, where the cultivar originated. after harvest, prune-making plums are dehydrated in hot air at 85 to 90 degrees c for 18 h, then further processed into prune juice, puree, or other prune products. this extensive literature review summarizes the current knowledge of chemical composition of prunes and their bi ...	2001	11401245
characterization of the major allergen of plum as a lipid transfer protein.	allergy to prunoideae fruit (plum, peach, cherry and apricot) is one of the most frequent food allergies in southern europe. all these fruits cross-react in vivo and in vitro, as they share their major allergen, a 9 kd lipid transfer protein (ltp).	2001	11419731
post-transcriptional gene silencing in plum pox virus resistant transgenic european plum containing the plum pox potyvirus coat protein gene.	transgenic plums containing the plum pox potyvirus coat protein (ppv-cp) gene were inoculated with ppv. infection was monitored by evaluating symptoms, elisa, and ic-rt-pcr. transgenic clone c5 was highly resistant to ppv during four years of testing and displayed characteristics typical of post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs), including a high level of transgene transcription in the nucleus, low levels of transgene mrna in the cytoplasm, a complex multicopy transgene insertion with aberra ...	2001	11437277
lectins in fruits having gastrointestinal activity: their participation in the hemagglutinating property of escherichia coli o157:h7.	in fruits with therapeutic properties for antidiarrheal and laxative uses, the presence of lectins may be the bioactive properties that interfere with bacterial adhesion, thought to be competition for glycoside signal sites in the attachment.	2001	11440778
evaluation of fructans in various fresh and stewed fruits by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection.	fructans are food-grade non-digestible carbohydrates that exert beneficial nutritional effects. their characterization and quantification is required for food-labeling purposes. we describe the suitability of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection for the identification and quantification of fructans in fresh fruits (various apple and pear cultivars, plum, banana) as well as in commercial stewed fruits obtained from a local manufacturer. after e ...	2001	11453012
allergy to nonspecific lipid transfer proteins in rosaceae: a comparative study of different in vivo diagnostic methods.	lipid transfer proteins (ltps) are the major allergens in patients sensitive to rosaceae (apple, peach, apricot, cherry, plum, and pear) who are not allergic to birch pollen.	2001	11476467
antioxidant activity of some foods containing phenolic compounds.	this study was designed to determine the total phenols (tp) and total antioxidant activity (taa) of some liquid and solid plant foods that are commonly consumed in turkey. total phenols were analysed according to the folin-ciocalteu method and antioxidant activities of these compounds in aqueous phase were assessed by measuring their direct abts.- radical scavenging abilities. total phenols varied from 68 to 4162 mg/l for liquid foods and from 735 to 3994 mg/kg for solid foods. taa of liquid and ...	2001	11570016
pesticide applications of copper on perennial crops in california, 1993 to 1998.	inorganic copper is used as a broad-spectrum fungicide and bacteriocide on a variety of agricultural crops. after application, the copper residue typically accumulates in the upper 15 cm of soil. data from the california pesticide use reports were used to estimate the augmentation of copper in the soil that resulted from pesticide applications for the six years from 1993 to 1998 on 12 crops that are grown without rotation. the estimated mean mg cu kg(-1) soil added to the upper 15 cm during the ...	2001	11577894
hplc-dad-esims analysis of phenolic compounds in nectarines, peaches, and plums.	the phenolic compounds of 25 peach, nectarine, and plum cultivars were studied and quantified by hplc-dad-esims. hydroxycinnamates, procyanidins, flavonols, and anthocyanins were detected and quantified. white and yellow flesh nectarines and peaches, and yellow and red plums, were analyzed at two different maturity stages with consideration of both peel and flesh tissues. hplc-ms analyses allowed the identification of procyanidin dimers of the b- and a-types, as well as the presence of procyanid ...	2001	11600017
in new york, the early bird gets the holiday "plum." news releases bear fruit for n.y. weill cornell medical center.	at n.y. weill cornell medical center, the reach of media coverage is extended by timely news releases. twice a year, the hospital sends out a packet of holiday-related feature story ideas. the result is excellent coverage during the holiday season and an ongoing working relationship in a highly competitive market.	2001	11338366
a biophysical analysis of stem and root diameter variations in woody plants.	a comprehensive model of stem and root diameter variation was developed. the stem (or root) was represented using two coaxial cylinders corresponding with the mature xylem and the extensible tissues. the extensible tissues were assumed to behave as a single cell separated from the mature xylem by a virtual membrane. the mature xylem and the extensible tissues are able to dilate with temperature and grow. moreover, the extensible tissues are able to shrink and swell according to water flow intens ...	2001	11351082
replacement of the coat protein gene of plum pox potyvirus with that of zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus: characterization of the hybrid potyvirus.	infectious hybrid virus was generated by replacing part of the coat protein gene of plum pox potyvirus with that of the zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus. this viable hybrid contains 84.5% of zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus coat protein gene while the rest of the sequence was derived from plum pox potyvirus. changing the coat protein gene between these two viruses had no effect on the experimental host range. pathogenicity, stability and replication capacity of the hybrid virus were nearly ident ...	2001	11376842
the capsid protein of a plant single-stranded rna virus is modified by o-linked n-acetylglucosamine.	plum pox virus (ppv) is a member of the potyvirus genus of plant viruses. labeling with udp-[3h]galactose and galactosyltransferase indicated that the capsid protein (cp) of ppv is a glycoprotein with n-acetylglucosamine terminal residues. mass spectrometry analysis of different ppv isolates and mutants revealed o-linked n-acetylglucosamination, a modification barely studied in plant proteins, of serine and/or threonine residues near the amino end of ppv cp. cp of ppv virions is also modified by ...	2002	11606576
pygeum africanum (prunus africanus) (african plum tree). monograph.		2002	11896748
molecular variability of the p3-6k1 genomic region among geographically and biologically distinct isolates of plum pox virus.	to evaluate molecular variability in the 5' region of the plum pox virus (ppv) genome, a fragment spanning the c-terminal part of p3, the complete 6k1 and start of the ci gene in 12 slovak and french ppv isolates was amplified in ic-rt-pcr and sequenced. computer analysis of obtained and previously published sequences showed rather substantial differences among isolates of ppv-m and d subgroups (percentage of nucleotide identity ranged from 85.65 to 87.68%). there was a relatively low percentage ...	2002	11958455
transposon tn1721 distribution among strains of xylella fastidiosa.	transposons are mobile genetic elements found within the genomes of various organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. fragments of the transposon tn1721 were found included in the genome of xylella fastidiosa strain 9a5c. regions from such fragments were pcr-amplified using specially designed primers (tnp(1) and tnp(2)). in order to detect insertions of the tn1721 element, both primers were used and one of them included a region of the transposon (tnp(1)) and the other one had the ...	2002	11959431
fatty acid compositions of seed oils of haematostaphis barteri and ximenia americana.	the fatty acid compositions of the seed oils of haematostaphis barteri (blood plum) and ximenia americana (wild olive) plants were determined by the gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (gc-ms) technique. h. barteri contained six fatty acids with oleic (69.35%) and stearic (15.40%) the most abundant unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, respectively. unsaturated higher fatty acids, namely eicosadienoic (6.92%) and erucic acid (2.74%) were detected and the total unsaturation for the oil was 79.0 ...	2002	11991081
the antioxidant activity of regularly consumed fruit and vegetables reflects their phenolic and vitamin c composition.	recent studies are emphasising the importance and putative modes of action of specific flavonoids as bioactive components of the diet in in vivo and in vitro models. thus, it is important to have a clear idea of the major phenolic families of which fruit and vegetables are comprised and the levels contained therein. regularly consumed fruit and vegetables of mixed varieties available on the uk market were analysed for the composition of the major individual phenolic components. the total phenoli ...	2002	11999391
an expanded genetic linkage map of prunus based on an interspecific cross between almond and peach.	the genetic linkage map of prunus constructed earlier and based on an interspecific f2 population resulting from a cross between almond (prunus dulcis d.a. webb) and peach (prunus persica l. batsch) was extended to include 8 isozyme loci, 102 peach mesocarp cdnas, 11 plum genomic clones, 19 almond genomic clones, 7 resistance gene analogs (rgas), 1 rga-related sequence marker, 4 morphological trait loci, 3 genes with known function, 4 simple sequence repeat (ssr) loci, 1 rapd, and 1 cleaved ampl ...	2002	12033621
antioxidant activity of prune (prunus domestica l.) constituents and a new synergist.	ethanol extract of prune was separated into hexane-soluble and h(2)o-soluble fractions, and the h(2)o-soluble fraction was further separated into a methanol (meoh) eluate and an h(2)o eluate by diaion hp-20 column chromatography. the meoh eluate exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity among the separated fractions evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac). further purification of the meoh eluate led to isolation of a novel compound, 4-amino-4-carboxychroman-2-one, together with ...	2002	12059147
[radiation effects of the chernobyl accident on the hungarian population].	due to the nuclear accident at chernobyl in april 1986, the atmospheric transport spread the released radioactivity throughout the whole europe. the initial plume moved into the north-western direction and a portion of this plum turned to west and later on to south-west. the central european countries including hungary became affected in 29-30 april. the release during the last period (5-7 may) was directed to romania, bulgaria and greece. in addition to the main trajectories of the atmospheric ...	2002	12063853
interaction between potyvirus helper component-proteinase and capsid protein in infected plants.	monoclonal antibodies were raised against helper component-proteinase (hcpro) purified from plants infected with the potyvirus lettuce mosaic virus (lmv). these antibodies were used in a two-site triple antibody sandwich elisa assay together with polyclonal antibodies directed against purified virions. an interaction between hcpro and the viral coat protein (cp) was demonstrated in extracts of lmv-infected leaves, as well as for two other potyviruses, plum pox virus and potato virus y. the cp-hc ...	2002	12075097
syzygium cumini (jamun) reduces the radiation-induced dna damage in the cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes: a preliminary study.	the effects of various concentrations (0.0, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 microg/ml) of the leaf extract of syzygium cumini linn. or eugenia cumini (sc; black plum, jamun, family myrtaceae) was studied on the alteration in the radiation-induced micronuclei formation in the cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. treatment of lymphocytes to various concentrations of sc resulted in a dose dependent increase in the micronuclei-induction, especially after 25-100 microg/ml extract. the ...	2002	12084616
the best of intentions.	cynthia mitchell has finally gotten a plum management opportunity at agfunds, a houston-based company that provides financial services to farmers and farmer-owned cooperatives. peter jones, regional vice president, has recruited cynthia to revive the arkansas district, which has been losing customers for 15 years. the sales force there isn't bad; it's just been poorly managed by an indifferent boss for too long. still, cynthia knows she'll need at least one powerhouse sales rep to get things bac ...	2002	12140853
the role of horizontal categorization in retroactive and proactive interference.	four paired-associate experiments with a total n of 291 participants investigated the effects of horizontal categorization on retroactive and proactive interference. (exclusively) horizontal categorization means that unique categorical relationships hold across the a-b and a-c stimulus-response pairs of successive word lists (e.g., fruit--pear, river--thames, in list 1; and fruit--plum, river--wolga, in list 2). experiment 1 found no significant amounts of interference with this type of list org ...	2002	12152363
antioxidant capacities, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and vitamin c contents of nectarine, peach, and plum cultivars from california.	genotypic variation in composition and antioxidant activity was evaluated using 25 cultivars, 5 each of white-flesh nectarines, yellow-flesh nectarines, white-flesh peaches, yellow-flesh peaches, and plums, at the ripe (ready-to-eat) stage. the ranges of total ascorbic acid (vitamin c) (in mg/100 g of fresh weight) were 5-14 (white-flesh nectarines), 6-8 (yellow-flesh nectarines), 6-9 (white-flesh peaches), 4-13 (yellow-flesh peaches), and 3-10 (plums). total carotenoids concentrations (in micro ...	2002	12166993
[physiological characteristics of resistance of different plum varieties to artificial adverse environments].	the relative electric conductivity, soluble sugar content in leaf, and pod activity of 17 plum varieties, which belong to six species and one genera, were measured under artificial adverse environments. the results showed that there were extreme significant negative correlation (alpha = 0.01) between soluble sugar content and membrane freezing damage, and significant negative correlation (alpha = 0.05) between pod activity in bark and leaf cell heat damage. according to fuzzy synthetic evaluatio ...	2002	12222039
genetic linkage maps of two apricot cultivars ( prunus armeniaca l.), and mapping of ppv (sharka) resistance.	genetic linkage maps for two apricot cultivars have been constructed using aflp, rapd, rflp and ssr markers in 81 f1 individuals from the cross 'goldrich' x 'valenciano'. this family segregated for resistance to 'plum pox virus' (ppv), the most-important virus affecting prunus species. of the 160 rapd arbitrary primers screened a total of 44 were selected. sixty one polymorphic rapd markers were scored on the mapping population: 30 heterozygous in 'goldrich', 19 heterozygous in 'valenciano', seg ...	2002	12582518
genetic diversity in apricot revealed by aflp markers: species and cultivar comparisons.	the genetic diversity of apricot ( prunus armeniaca; 2n = 16) was studied using aflp markers. forty seven apricot cultivars were selected from the following geographic regions: europe, north america, north africa, turkey, iran and china. five ecori- msei aflp primer combinations revealed 416 legible bands, of which 379 were polymorphic markers. a similarity matrix was prepared using the simple matching coefficient of similarity. a upgma dendrogram demonstrated a gradient of decreasing genetic di ...	2002	12582532
development of microsatellite markers in peach [ prunus persica (l.) batsch] and their use in genetic diversity analysis in peach and sweet cherry ( prunus avium l.).	we report the sequence of 41 primer pairs of microsatellites from a ct-enriched genomic library of the peach cultivar 'merrill o'henry'. ten microsatellite-containing clones had sequences similar to plant coding sequences in databases and could be used as markers for known functions. for microsatellites segregating at least in one of the two prunus f(2) progenies analyzed, it was possible to demonstrate mendelian inheritance. microsatellite polymorphism was evaluated in 27 peach and 21 sweet che ...	2002	12582570
host-specific involvement of the hc protein in the long-distance movement of potyviruses.	plum pox virus (ppv) is a member of the potyvirus genus that, in nature, infects trees of the prunus genus. although ppv infects systemically several species of the nicotiana genus, such as n. clevelandii and n. benthamiana, and replicates in the inoculated leaves of n. tabacum, it is unable to infect systemically the last host. the long-distance movement defect of ppv was corrected in transgenic tobacco plants expressing the 5"-terminal region of the genome of tobacco etch virus (tev), a potyvi ...	2002	11799187
dried plums improve indices of bone formation in postmenopausal women.	menopause drastically increases the risk of osteoporosis. aside from drug therapy, lifestyle and nutritional factors play an important role in the maintenance of skeletal health. our recent findings suggest that dried plums, a rich source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, are highly effective in modulating bone mass in an ovarian hormone-deficient rat model of osteoporosis. the objective of this study was to examine whether the addition of dried plums to the diets of postmenopausal women posi ...	2002	11860726
insecticide resistance in field populations of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) in murcia (south-east spain).	thirty-nine field populations of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) were collected from different crops (sweet pepper, tomato, lettuce, artichoke, melon, cucumber, carnation, broad bean, peach and plum) in murcia (south-east spain). all populations were reared separately in the laboratory to obtain enough individuals for bioassays. female thrips were bioassayed, using a standard topical application method, against methiocarb, methamidophos, acrinathrin, endosulfan, deltamethrin and formetanat ...	2002	12233190
immunological cross-reactivity between lipid transfer proteins from botanically unrelated plant-derived foods: a clinical study.	lipid transfer proteins (ltp) are highly conserved and widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom. recent studies demonstrated immunological cross-reactivity between ltp from many botanically unrelated fruits and vegetables and concluded that ltp are pan-allergens. this study aimed to evaluate the clinical relevance of such cross-reactivity in a group of subjects monosensitized to ltp.	2002	12269935
reactivity to potential cross-reactive foods in fruit-allergic patients: implications for prescribing food avoidance.	prescribing therapeutic elimination diets in patients with fruit allergy should include recommendations on which other foods of the same family or group may be safely consumed. evidence-based data on the management of fruit allergy are lacking; therefore, advice may vary from just avoiding the offending fruit, to overly restrictive diets of the entire botanical family. the aims of this investigation were to assess clinical reactivity to potential cross-reactive foods in fruit-allergic patients, ...	2002	12269944
simultaneous and co-operational amplification (co-pcr): a new concept for detection of plant viruses.	a new and highly sensitive method for the amplification of viral rna targets from plant material has been developed and patented. this technique called co-operational amplification (co-pcr) can be carried out easily in a simple tetraprimer reaction based on the simultaneous action of four primers. the reaction process consists of the simultaneous reverse transcription of two different fragments from the same target, one containing the other; the production of four amplicons by the combination of ...	2002	12367729
effect of blackcurrant-, cranberry- and plum juice consumption on risk factors associated with kidney stone formation.	to evaluate the influence of plum-, cranberry- and blackcurrant juice on urinary stone risk factors.	2002	12373623
distribution of conjugated and free phenols in fruits: antioxidant activity and cultivar variations.	total and free phenolic contents of 16 commonly consumed fruits (comprising 9 apples, 4 pears, and one each of peach, plum, and kiwi fruit cultivars) were measured by folin-ciocalteu assay. total phenol contents varied from 272 to 475 mg of cte/100 g of fresh weight. of the apple cultivars studied, braeburn and empire had the highest and lowest total phenol content, respectively. the apple cultivars ranked in the following decreasing order: braeburn > red delicious > crisp pink > granny smith > ...	2002	12381107
re-os isotopic evidence for long-lived heterogeneity and equilibration processes in the earth's upper mantle.	the geochemical composition of the earth's upper mantle is thought to reflect 4.5 billion years of melt extraction, as well as the recycling of crustal materials. the fractionation of rhenium and osmium during partial melting in the upper mantle makes the re-os isotopic system well suited for tracing the extraction of melt and recycling of the resulting mid-ocean-ridge basalt. here we report osmium isotope compositions of more than 700 osmium-rich platinum-group element alloys derived from the u ...	2002	12384694
the production of a genus-specific recombinant antibody (scfv) using a recombinant potyvirus protease.	a single chain variable fragment antibody (scfv; anti-nia scfv102) was selected from a synthetic human antibody library by using a nia protease of plum pox virus (ppv) as an antigen, which was expressed in bacteria. the nia protease forms the nuclear inclusion body a and acts as the major protease in the cleavage of the viral polyprotein into functional proteins. the nia protein was detected with anti-nia scfv102 after expression in escherichia coli cells as well as from ppv-infected nicotiana b ...	2002	12393153
general-purpose infusion pumps.	general-purpose infusion pumps deliver liquid medications and other solutions to patients through intravenous (i.v.) or epidural routes at specified flows. they are most often used when greater accuracy or higher flows are needed than can be provided by manually adjusted gravity systems. in this evaluation (which updates our february 1997 and april-may 1998 studies), we present our findings for four newly evaluated pumps from three suppliers: the abbott plum a+, the alaris medley medication safe ...	2002	12436838
identification of immunogenic hot spots within plum pox potyvirus capsid protein for efficient antigen presentation.	pepscan analysis has been used to characterize the immunogenic regions of the capsid protein (cp) in virions of plum pox potyvirus (ppv). in addition to the well-known highly immunogenic n- and c-terminal domains of cp, regions within the core domain of the protein have also shown high immunogenicity. moreover, the n terminus of cp is not homogeneously immunogenic, alternatively showing regions frequently recognized by antibodies and others that are not recognized at all. these results have help ...	2002	12438590
fruit-juice concentrate of asian plum inhibits growth signals of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by angiotensin ii.	bainiku-ekisu, the fruit-juice concentrate of the oriental plum (prunus mume) has recently been shown to improve human blood fluidity. we have shown that angiotensin ii (angii) stimulates growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmcs) through epidermal growth factor (egf) receptor transactivation that involves reactive oxygen species (ros) production. to better understanding the possible cardiovascular protective effect of bainiku-ekisu, we have studied whether bainiku-ekisu inhibits angii-induc ...	2002	12467906
zantedeschia mosaic virus causing leaf mosaic symptom in calla lily is a new potyvirus.	anovel virus, zantedeschia mosaic virus (zamv-kr), causing mosaic and malformation symptoms was isolated from calla lily ( zantedeschia spp.) in korea and its biological and molecular properties were characterized. the virus was distinct from dasheen mosaic virus, an araceae-infecting potyvirus, by serological and sequence analyses. multiple alignments of the cp amino acid sequence between the virus and other potyviruses showed 51.8 to 62.1% identity. phylogenetic analyses of the cp revealed tha ...	2002	12491097
molecular studies of the synergistic interactions between plum pox virus hc-pro protein and potato virus x.	helper component proteinase (hc-pro) is a multifunctional viral protein involved in vection and movement of potyvirus; suppression of host post-transcriptional gene silencing reaction; and synergism of potyvirus with other viruses, notably potexvirus. when the hc-pro of plum pox potyvirus (ppv) was transiently expressed in n. benthamiana and n. clevelandii plants via potato virus x (pvx) vector, a highly synergistic response of leaf necrosis or plant death, was observed in pvxhc-infected plants. ...	2002	12491099
susceptibility of the plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar, to entomopathogenic nematodes.	the plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar, is a major pest of pome and stone fruit. our objective was to determine virulence and reproductive potential of six commercially available nematode species in c. nenuphar larvae and adults. nematodes tested were heterorhabditis bacteriophora (hb strain), h. marelatus (point reyes strains), h. megidis (uk211 strain), steinernema riobrave (355 strain), s. carpocapsae (all strain), and s. feltiae (sn strain). survival of c. nenuphar larvae treated with s. ...	2002	19265940
stratified analysis of the soil seed bank in the cedar glade endemic astragalus bibullatus: evidence for historical changes in genetic structure.	persistent seed banks may provide information on historical changes in the genetic composition of populations. we used stratified sampling of the soil seed bank of astragalus bibullatus (pyne's ground plum) to assess levels of temporal variation in population genetic structure and to infer historical changes in the levels of inbreeding and relative gene flow. this species has an extremely limited distribution in the central basin of tennessee, where it is found in open areas and along the edges ...	2002	21669709
genotypic analysis of xylella fastidiosa isolates from different hosts using sequences homologous to the xanthomonas rpf genes.	summary this is the first report of a genotypic analysis of the phytopathogenic bacteria xylella fastidiosa (xf) using differences within intra- and intergenic regions of pathogenic genes. orthologous sequences from the genome of xf were identified for genes involved in the regulation of pathogenicity factors (rpf) from xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc). while the rpf genes were conserved, the chromosomal region revealed differences in gene sizes and intergenic spacings and a major tra ...	2003	20569393
generation and characterisation of functional recombinant antibody fragments against rna replicase nib from plum pox virus.	a monoclonal antibody (mab 2a) able to react against the rna replicase nib from plum pox virus (ppv) was obtained and used for generating a specific scfv fragment. the vh and vl coding sequences were cloned and expressed as a fusion scfv protein to alkaline phosphatase. this fusion protein was able to recognise viral nib in both western and tissue-print elisa blots. the affinity and specificity of scfv2a for nib was similar to that of the parental mab and the region yleafy from ppv-nib was ident ...	2003	12535657