Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| chitinase production in pine callus (pinus sylvestris l.): a defense reaction against endophytes? | in shoot tip-derived tissue cultures of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), browning and subsequent degeneration of the culture is accompanied by lipid peroxidation and lignification of cells, which are characteristic features of a plant defense reaction. since chitinases are enzymes acting primarily in plant defense, their expression was studied in pine callus in order to elucidate the defense reaction. chitinases were present diversely in tissue cultures originating from shoot tips and embryos o ... | 2002 | 11941460 |
| [activity of nucleoli in cells of different type in early embryogenesis of pinus sylvestris l]. | early embryogeny of pinus silvestris l. is characterized by suspensory system formation consisting of several cell generation formed by apical cell fissions. a comparative analysis was made of quantitative characteristics of nucleoli of two functionally different cell types: the apical cells of meristematic nature, and specialized cells resulting from mitotic cycle of suspensory cells. we determined the number of nucleoli and their diameters, the character of distribution and variability of thes ... | 2002 | 12683331 |
| induction of discolored wood in scots pine (pinus sylvestris). | induction of discolored wood in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees by treatment with ethylene, carbon dioxide, nitrogen (hypoxia) or wounding from early april to late september was investigated. all treatments induced formation of discolored wood upward and downward from the drill hole. the amount of discolored wood formed above the drill hole depended on the treatment in the following order: ethylene > carbon dioxide = nitrogen > wounding; and below the drill hole in the order: ethylene > c ... | 2002 | 11960757 |
| effects of exogenous diamines on the interaction between ectomycorrhizal fungi and adventitious root formation in scots pine in vitro. | production of free and conjugated polyamines by two ectomycorrhizal fungi, pisolithus tinctorius (pers.) coker and couch and paxillus involutus (batsch) fr., was studied in vitro. spermidine was the main polyamine in the mycelium of both fungi. paxillus involutus also produced large amounts of the diamine putrescine, whereas pisolithus tinctorius contained traces of the diamine cadaverine and released into the culture medium an unknown compound probably related to cadaverine or n-methylputrescin ... | 2002 | 11960762 |
| [natural regeneration of pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation on sandy land]. | by employing comparison analysis and field survey, the natural regeneration of mongolian pine plantations on sandy soil was investigated. in plantation areas where regeneration can take place naturally, natural regeneration of mongolian pine varied temporally and spatially. natural regeneration wasn't temporally continuous; it had a close relationship with autumn precipitation in particular years. in spatial aspect, there were three regeneration types: regeneration in forest gaps, regeneration o ... | 2002 | 11962303 |
| [skewness and inequality of height distribution of young pinus sylvestris var. mongolica stands introduced on sandy soil with lower limited precipitation for tree survival and normal growth]. | based on the investigation of a transect (20 m wide and 80 m long) along a gradient (bottom, middle, and top) of a dune, whose height was about 5-10 m, the population dynamics in young pinus sylvestis var. mongolica stands was studied. the results showed that both skewness and height inequality declined before the self-thinning process occurred. age, initial growth status, density of the population, and neighborhood competition were the main factors affected height inequality. the location at sa ... | 2002 | 11962321 |
| biological activity of soil organic matter mobilized by root exudates. | in order to study the biological activity of soil organic matter mobilized by agrarian (zea mays: cultivars mytos and samantha) and forest (picea abies karst. and pinus sylvestris l.) root exudates, two different soils, an eutric cambisol (ec) and a rendzic leptosol (rl), were considered. soil organic matter extracts were obtained by treating the soils with water (control) or plant root exudates. the extracts were characterized by hormone-like activities and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometri ... | 2002 | 11999770 |
| impact of sawfly defoliation on growth of scots pine pinus sylvestris (pinaceae) and associated economic losses. | needle defoliation by diprionid sawflies decreases the increment and timber yield of scots pine pinus sylvestris l. the aim of this study was to provide approximate estimates of this decrease and preliminary estimates of the economic value of growth losses and tree mortality. growth loss after needle damage by diprion pini (linnaeus) was studied in western finland. increment cores were sampled for radial growth measurements from trees subjected to slight, moderate and heavy defoliation. a litera ... | 2002 | 12020371 |
| influence of odor from wood-decaying fungi on host selection behavior of deathwatch beetle, xestobium rufovillosum. | adult females of xestobium rufovillosum de geer demonstrated anemotactic orientation when exposed to an odor plume containing volatiles generated by wood-decaying fungi (coriolus versicolor, donkioporia expansa) and decayed oak wood (quercus petraea, quercus robur). they did not orient towards undecayed oak wood, beech (fagus sylvatica), or pine wood (pinus sylvestris). although all insects tested showed anemotactic orientation, responses were nonlinear with respect to insect age. adult females ... | 2002 | 12035923 |
| stomatal conductance alone does not explain the decline in foliar photosynthetic rates with increasing tree age and size in picea abies and pinus sylvestris. | foliar light-saturated net assimilation rates (a) generally decrease with increasing tree height (h) and tree age (y), but it is unclear whether the decline in a is attributable to size- and age-related modifications in foliage morphology (needle dry mass per unit projected area; m(a)), nitrogen concentration, stomatal conductance to water vapor (g), or biochemical foliage potentials for photosynthesis (maximum carboxylase activity of rubisco; v(cmax)). i studied the influences of h and y on fol ... | 2002 | 12045025 |
| comparing the influence of site quality, stand age, fire and climate on aboveground tree production in siberian scots pine forests. | temporal patterns of stem and needle production and total aboveground net primary production (anpp) were studied at the tree and stand level along four chronosequences of siberian scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) forests differing in site quality (poor lichen type or the more fertile vaccinium type) and in frequency of surface fires (unburned, moderately burned (fire return interval of approximately 40 years), or heavily burned (fire return interval of approximately 25 years)). the maximum range ... | 2002 | 12045026 |
| [reproductive development of initial sporophytes in pinus sylvestris l]. | the reproductive development of pinus sylvestris from generative primordia to sporophyte initial (embryo tier of 16-celled proembryo) was studied. in the reproductive cycle, three types of stages are distinguished and described in association with: 1) hereditary program formation; 2) a new reproductive initial origin, and 3) increase in propogative energy. the layout of disposition of these stages in the reproductive cycle is given. | 2002 | 12053766 |
| programmed cell death eliminates all but one embryo in a polyembryonic plant seed. | development of multiple embryos from a single zygote, the phenomenon called monozygotic polyembryony, is a widespread reproductive strategy found in higher plants and especially in gymnosperms. the enigma of plant monozygotic polyembryony is that only one embryo in a polyembryonic seed usually survives while the others are eliminated at an early stage. here we report that programmed cell death (pcd) is the major mechanism responsible for elimination of subordinate embryos in a polyembryonic seed ... | 2002 | 12232793 |
| measuring and simulating crown respiration of scots pine with increased temperature and carbon dioxide enrichment. | acclimation to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and temperature of respiration by the foliage in the crown of scots pine (pinus sylvestris) trees is measured and modelled. starting in 1996, individual 20-year-old trees were enclosed in chambers and exposed to either normal ambient conditions (con), elevated co2 concentration (ec), elevated temperature (et) or a combination of ec and et (ect). respiration of individual leaves within the crown was measured in 2000. to extrapolate ... | 2002 | 12234144 |
| diameter growth of scots pine (pinus sylvestris) trees grown at elevated temperature and carbon dioxide concentration under boreal conditions. | we investigated the impacts of elevated temperature and carbon dioxide concentration ([co2]) on diameter growth of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), aged about 20 years, grown with a low nitrogen supply in closed chambers at (i) ambient temperature and [co2] (at+ac), (ii) ambient temperature and elevated [co2] (at+ec), (iii) elevated temperature and ambient [co2] (et+ac), and (iv). elevated temperature and [co2] (et+ec). each treatment was replicated four times. diameter growth was monitored wit ... | 2002 | 12359523 |
| differences in delta13c and diameter growth among remnant scots pine populations in scotland. | published data suggest that differences in wood cellulose carbon isotope composition (delta13c) and xylem ring width among natural populations of scots pine in scotland (pinus sylvestris l.) are attributable to the persistence of palaeotypes of various post-glacial migratory origins. we assessed differences in wood cellulose delta13c and ring width among scottish scots pine populations grown in a clone bank and in natural stands at various locations in northern and central scotland. ring width a ... | 2002 | 12359525 |
| secondary metabolite concentrations and terpene emissions of scots pine xylem after long-term forest fertilization. | secondary compounds are known to be associated with the resistance of conifer xylem against insects and fungi. the effects of long-term forest fertilization with nitrogen (n) or with n, calcium (ca), and phosphorus (p) on secondary compounds in the xylem of 50-yr-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees were examined. xylem samples were collected from trees growing in three locations in southern finland: vilppula, padasjoki, and punkaharju. forests were fertilized every fifth (vilppula and pad ... | 2002 | 12371188 |
| pisolithus tinctorius promotes germination and forms mycorrhizal structures in scots pine somatic embryos in vitro. | the results of the present study show that inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus pisolithus tinctorius (pers.) coker and couch potentially enhances the germination of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) somatic embryos in vitro. stimulation by pisolithus tinctorius was only observed in the absence of direct contact between the symbionts; mature embryos were not sufficiently robust for balanced interaction with the fungus on half-strength dcr medium. subsequently, on mmn medium with a reduced ... | 2002 | 12375138 |
| shift in ectomycorrhizal community composition in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedling roots as a response to nickel deposition and removal of lichen cover. | scots pine seedlings were exposed to wet-deposited nickel (ni) and removal of lichen cover in a dry heath scots pine forest. ni deposition affected the colonization of roots by indigenous ectomycorrhizal fungi in contrasting ways in intact and skimmed quadrats. highest frequencies of tubercle morphotypes of ectomycorrhiza were found in quadrats exposed to 100 mg m(-2) year(-1) ni in lichen covered treatment, while in skimmed quadrats these peaked after the treatment with 10 mg ni m(-2) year(-1). ... | 2002 | 12442803 |
| ectomycorrhizal fungi and exogenous auxins influence root and mycorrhiza formation of scots pine hypocotyl cuttings in vitro. | we studied the ability of the ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi, pisolithus tinctorius (pers.) coker and couch and paxillus involutus (batsch) fr. (strain h), to produce indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and to affect the formation and growth of roots on scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) hypocotyl cuttings in vitro. effects of indole-3-butyric acid (iba) and the auxin transport inhibitor, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (tiba), on rooting and the cutting-fungus interaction were also studied. both fungi produced iaa ... | 2002 | 12464576 |
| impact of needle age on the response of respiration in scots pine to long-term elevation of carbon dioxide concentration and temperature. | sixteen 20-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees growing in the field were enclosed in environment-controlled chambers that for 4 years maintained: (1) ambient conditions (con); (2) elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [co2] (ambient + 350 micromol mol-1; ec); (3) elevated temperature (ambient + 2-3 degrees c; et); or (4) elevated [co2] and temperature (ec+et). dark respiration rate, specific leaf area (sla) and the concentrations of starch and soluble sugars in needles we ... | 2002 | 12464577 |
| leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus during production of forest seedlings in containers. | little information is available concerning the contamination risk caused by forest seedling nurseries to local surface and ground waters compared with agricultural and horticultural production. leaching of nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) through peat growing medium in containers and nutrient uptake of seedlings were monitored in production of silver birch (betula pendula roth), norway spruce [picea abies (l.) karst], and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings. about half of the applied nutri ... | 2002 | 12469836 |
| low nitrogen losses with a new source of nitrogen for cultivation of conifer seedlings. | losses of nitrogen (n) when cultivating plants may cause a number of adverse environmental effects. n losses from conifer nurseries, for instance, may have a considerable impact on the local environment, and studies indicate that the bulk of added n is not recovered in the cultivated plants. this study was conducted to obtain insight into the causes of the low recovery and to test an alternative n fertilizer. hence, growth of the economically important scots pine (pinus sylvestris (l).) seedling ... | 2002 | 12487309 |
| [restoration of pine plantations after effect of ionizing radiation in the region of the accident at the chernobyl atomic energy station]. | the main results of the 12-year radiation-genetic monitoring of radiobiological, cytogenetic, and genetic parameters in the pinus sylvestris l. forest plantations from the zone of the accident at the chernobyl nuclear power plant presented. acute ionizing irradiation at doses > 1 gy was shown to induce the formation of morphoses and depressed growth; at doses > 2 gy, the reproductive ability of the trees declined. the radiobiological parameters showed a linear (or close to linear) dose-effect re ... | 2002 | 12530162 |
| characterisation of bacteria from pinus sylvestris-suillus luteus mycorrhizas and their effects on root-fungus interactions and plant growth. | bacteria from pinus sylvestris-suillus luteus mycorrhizas were isolated, characterised, and their effects on p. sylvestris-s. luteus interactions and plant growth investigated in vitro. the isolates formed five distinct phenotypic and physiological groups. two of the groups, accounting for 34 of the 55 isolates, consisted of bacillus spp., with three subgroups represented. the other groups contained burkholderia spp., serratia spp. and pseudomonas spp. representatives from each bacterial group w ... | 2002 | 19709201 |
| intraspecific variation in heterobasidion annosum for mortality rate on pinus sylvestris and picea abies seedlings grown in pure culture. | one-month-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris) and norway spruce (picea abies) seedlings were inoculated in vitro with heterobasidion annosum strains, four each of the p-, s- and f-intersterility groups. variation among strains and between the is groups in virulence, expressed in mortality rate, was detected during twelve months after inoculation. most of the strains were more virulent on spruce than on pine, and mortality of spruce seedlings was significantly higher. the p strains displayed simila ... | 2002 | 21156559 |
| taxonomic re-evaluation of three related species of graphium, based on morphology, ecology and phylogeny. | two fungi associated with bark beetles, graphium pseudormiticum (described in 1994) and rhexographium fimbriisporum (described in 1995), have two micromorphological characters in common. both species produce conidia with conspicuous basal frills, and the conidia align in chains, despite being produced in slime. the association of g. pseudormiticum with the pine bark beetle, orthotomicus erosus, and the association of r. fimbriisporum with the spruce bark beetle, ips typographus, suggest ecologic ... | 2003 | 21148980 |
| nuclear and cytoplasmic variation within and between eurasian larix (pinaceae) species. | the genetic variation in nuclear and cytoplasmic markers was investigated in 28 populations belonging to eurasian larix species (l. decidua, l. sibirica, l. gmelinii, l. olgensis, and l. kaempferi). nuclear genetic variation was assessed at 214 aflp loci, and both pcr-rflp and four microsatellite loci were used to estimate variation of the chloroplast dna. variation of the mitochondrial genome was measured using rflps. although population differentiation at both nuclear and chloroplast markers w ... | 2003 | 21659211 |
| molecular analysis of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete communities in a pinus sylvestris l. stand reveals long-term increased diversity after removal of litter and humus layers. | abstract the number of fruiting bodies of ectomycorrhizal species in pine forests in the netherlands has decreased dramatically in recent decades. this decrease has been attributed to an increase in nitrogen deposition and the accumulation of litter and humus. the effects of sod cutting and the removal of litter and humus, to restore ectomycorrhizal diversity in a scots pine forest in dwingeloo, the netherlands, were investigated previously from 1990 to 1993. removal of the litter and humus resu ... | 2003 | 19719606 |
| total vs. internal element concentrations in scots pine needles along a sulphur and metal pollution gradient. | analysis of foliar elements is a commonly used method for studying tree nutrition and for monitoring the impacts of air pollutants on forest ecosystems. interpretations based on the results of foliar element analysis may, however, be different in nutrition vs. monitoring studies. we studied the impacts of severe sulphur and metal (mainly cu and ni) pollution on the element concentrations (al, ca, cu, fe, k, mg, mn, ni, p, pb, s and zn) in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) foliage along an airborn ... | 2003 | 12531316 |
| effects of exogenous gibberellin and auxin on shoot elongation and vegetative bud development in seedlings of pinus sylvestris and picea glauca. | the hormonal control of stem unit (foliar appendage and axillary structure, if present, plus subtending internode) number and length was investigated in shoots of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and white spruce (picea glauca (moench) voss). seedlings were treated with six gibberellins (ga1, ga3, ga4, ga5, ga9 and ga20) and two auxins (indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and naphthaleneacetic acid (naa)) when either neoformed growth was occurring or the terminal vegetative bud was developing. hormones w ... | 2003 | 12533302 |
| biochemical acclimation patterns of betula pendula and pinus sylvestris seedlings to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations. | acclimation of photosynthesis to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([co2]; 350 to 2,000 micromol mol-1) was followed in silver birch (betula pendula roth.) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings for two years. chlorophyll fluorescence and concentrations of rubisco, chlorophyll, total soluble protein and nitrogen were monitored together with steady-state gas exchange at three co2 concentrations (ambient [co2] (345 +/- 20 micromol mol-1), the growth [co2] and 1950 +/- 55 ... | 2003 | 12533303 |
| contrasting effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on rubisco activity, chlorophyll fluorescence, needle ultrastructure and secondary metabolites in conifer seedlings. | scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) seedlings were grown for 50 days in growth chambers in an ambient or twice ambient carbon dioxide concentration ([co2]) at a day/night temperature of 19/12 degrees c or 23/16 degrees c. although elevated [co2] (ec) had only slight effects on the growth parameters measured, elevated temperature (et) increased above ground dry mass of both species. among treatments, biomass accumulation of both species was greatest in the ... | 2003 | 12533304 |
| relations between scots pine needle element concentrations and decreased needle longevity along pollution gradients. | scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) shoots were sampled along transects near one urban pollution source and two smelters. needle mg, p and k concentrations decreased from the second to the fourth age class linearly with needle survival along the urban pollution gradient. still, over 80% of the average concentration of these nutrients remained in the fourth needle age class. decreased needle longevity was closely related to the increased heavy metal concentrations near the smelters. near the urban p ... | 2003 | 12535600 |
| growth and nutrient uptake of ectomycorrhizal pinus sylvestris seedlings in a natural substrate treated with elevated al concentrations. | models of the effects of elevated concentrations of aluminum (al) on growth and nutrient uptake of forest trees frequently ignore the effects of mycorrhizal fungi. in this study, we present novel data indicating that ectomycorrhizal mycelia may prevent leaching of base cations and al. mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal pinus sylvestris l. seedlings were grown in sand obtained from the b-horizon of a local forest. in experiment 1, non-mycorrhizal seedlings and seedlings inoculated with hebeloma cf. ... | 2003 | 12566266 |
| bioindication of the anthropogenic effects on micropopulations of pinus sylvestris, l. in the vicinity of a plant for the storage and processing of radioactive waste and in the chernobyl npp zone. | results of a comparative analysis of the frequency and spectrum of cytogenetic anomalies are presented for reproductive (seeds) and vegetative (needles) samples taken from scotch pine (pinus sylvestris, l.) micropopulations growing at sites with differing levels of radioactive contamination in the chernobyl npp 30 km zone, and at the location of a facility for the processing and storage of radioactive wastes (the 'radon' lwpe, near the town of sosnovy bor in the leningrad region). the data obtai ... | 2003 | 12590076 |
| the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis between lactarius deliciosus and pinus sylvestris in forest soil samples: symbiotic efficiency and development on roots of a rdna internal transcribed spacer-selected isolate of l. deliciosus. | the effect on plant growth of pre-inoculation of pinus sylvestris with the ectomycorrhizal (ecm) edible basidiomycete lactarius deliciosus (isolate d45) under controlled conditions, and the development on roots of this basidiomycete, were investigated in gamma-irradiated and unsterilized containers containing different forest soil cores or a perlite-vermiculite mixture. five months after planting, l. deliciosus mycorrhizal plants exhibited greater growth than the non-mycorrhizal ones in all soil ... | 2003 | 12634915 |
| in vitro evidence of mycoparasitism of the ectomycorrhizal fungus laccaria laccata against mucor hiemalis in the rhizosphere of pinus sylvestris. | interactions between the ectomycorrhizal fungus laccaria laccata and the soil fungus mucor hiemalis f. hiemalis in co-culture, and in the rhizosphere of in vitro-grown pinus sylvestris seedlings were investigated by light- and scanning electron-microscopy. in co-culture, mycelial growth away from the l. laccata colony reduced the number of aerial hyphae at the contact zone and increased the density and compactness of the mycelium-characterized gross morphology of the saprobic fungus. although th ... | 2003 | 12634918 |
| timing of ga4/7 application and the flowering of pinus sylvestris grafts in the greenhouse. | effects of varying the time of stem injection of gibberellin a4/7 (ga4/7) on male and female flowering in potted grafts of pinus sylvestris l. in a greenhouse were monitored in two consecutive years. flowering results for each application time were correlated with phenological characteristics and abiotic factors in an attempt to find reproducible indicators of the most effective time of ga4/7 treatment. the ga4/7 treatment had a significant effect on female flowering, but no effect on male flowe ... | 2003 | 12642243 |
| survival and development of lymantria monacha (lepidoptera: lymantriidae) on north american and introduced eurasian tree species. | lymantria monacha (l.) (lepidoptera: lymantriidae), the nun moth, is a eurasian pest of conifers that has potential for accidental introduction into north america. to project the potential host range of this insect if introduced into north america, survival and development of l. monacha on 26 north american and eight introduced eurasian tree species were examined. seven conifer species (abies concolor, picea abies, p. glauca, p. pungens, pinus sylvestris with male cones, p. menziesii variety gla ... | 2003 | 12650343 |
| two endophytic fungi in different tissues of scots pine buds (pinus sylvestris l.). | two fungal species were isolated with different frequencies from pine tissue cultures originating from buds. one species was detected in 33.1% of the cultures initiated in march, and another was present in 1.7% of cultures initiated in june. based on analyses of phylogenetic and physiological characteristics these fungi were identified as hormonema dematioides (isolated in march) and rhodotorula minuta (isolated in june). probes targeted towards the 18s rrna of h. dematioides and r. minuta were ... | 2003 | 12481234 |
| 137cs distribution among annual rings of different tree species contaminated after the chernobyl accident. | the distributions of 137cs among annual rings of pinus sylvestris and betula pendula at four experimental sites located in the most contaminated areas in the russian territory after the chernobyl accident in 1986 were studied. trees of different ages were sampled from four forest sites with different tree compositions and soil properties. the data analysis shows that 137cs is very mobile in wood and the 1986 rings do not show the highest contamination. the difference between pine and birch in th ... | 2003 | 12683726 |
| effects of environmental biomass-producing factors on cd uptake in two swedish ecotypes of pinus sylvestris. | a factorial design was used to study direct effects of external biomass-producing factors such as light, temperature and photoperiod on cadmium (cd) uptake and indirect effects, via change in biomass production in two ecotypes of scots pine (pinus silvestris). the aim was to find out if the external factors affect the cd uptake directly or via change in biomass production, and if the effect differs between ecotypes. seedlings were grown under 10 combinations of external factors, i.e. temperature ... | 2003 | 12685768 |
| nucleotide diversity at two phytochrome loci along a latitudinal cline in pinus sylvestris. | forest tree species provide many examples of well-studied adaptive differentiation, where the search for the underlying genes might be possible. in earlier studies and in our common conditions in a greenhouse, northern populations set bud earlier than southern ones. a difference in latitude of origin of one degree corresponded to a change of 1.4 days in number of days to terminal bud set of seedlings. earlier physiological and ecological genetics work in conifers and other plants have suggested ... | 2003 | 12694283 |
| does tree diversity increase wood production in pine forests? | recent experimental advances on the positive effect of species richness on ecosystem productivity highlight the need to explore this relationship in communities other than grasslands and using non-synthetic experiments. we investigated whether wood production in forests dominated by aleppo pine (pinus halepensis) and pyrenean scots pine (pinus sylvestris) differed between monospecific and mixed forests (2-5 species) using the ecological and forest inventory of catalonia (iefc) database which con ... | 2003 | 12698352 |
| above- and belowground biomass and net primary production in a 73-year-old scots pine forest. | we estimated above- and belowground biomass and net primary production (npp) of a 73-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) forest stand in the belgian campine region. total biomass for the stand was 176 mg ha(-1), of which 74.4% was found in stems. the root system contained 12.6% of total biomass, most of it in coarse roots (> 5 mm). fine roots (< 5 mm) comprised only about 1.7% of total biomass, and more than 50% of fine root biomass was retrieved in the litter layer and the upper 15 cm of ... | 2003 | 12730042 |
| light and water-use efficiencies of pine shoots exposed to elevated carbon dioxide and temperature. | an automatic gas exchange system was used to continuously measure water and carbon fluxes of attached shoots of scots pine trees (pinus sylvestris l.) grown in environment-controlled chambers for a 3-year period (1998-2000) and exposed to either normal ambient conditions (con), elevated co2 (+350 micro mol mol-1; ec), elevated temperature (+2-6 degrees c; et) or a combination of ec and et (ect). ec treatment enhanced the mean daily total carbon flux per unit projected needle area (fc.d) by 17-21 ... | 2003 | 12740213 |
| nir spectroscopic measurement of moisture content in scots pine seeds. | when tree seeds are used for seedling production it is important that they are of high quality in order to be viable. one of the factors influencing viability is moisture content and an ideal quality control system should be able to measure this factor quickly for each seed. seed moisture content within the range 3-34% was determined by near-infrared (nir) spectroscopy on scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) single seeds and on bulk seed samples consisting of 40-50 seeds. the models for predicting w ... | 2003 | 12741646 |
| nutrient conservation increases with latitude of origin in european pinus sylvestris populations. | nutrient availability varies across climatic gradients, yet intraspecific adaptation across such gradients in plant traits related to internal cycling and nutrient resorption remains poorly understood. we examined nutrient resorption among six scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) populations of wide-ranging origin grown under common-garden conditions in poland. these results were compared with mass-based needle n and p for 195 scots pine stands throughout the species' european range. at the common s ... | 2003 | 12756524 |
| seasonal variation in respiration of 1-year-old shoots of scots pine exposed to elevated carbon dioxide and temperature for 4 years. | sixteen 20-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees growing in the field were enclosed for 4 years in environment-controlled chambers that maintained: (1) ambient conditions (con); (2) elevated atmospheric co2 concentration (ambient + 350 micro mol mol-1; ec); (3) elevated temperature (ambient +2-6 degrees c; et); or (4) elevated co2 and elevated temperature (ect). the dark respiration rates of 1-year-old shoots, from which needles had been partly removed, were measured over the growing s ... | 2003 | 12763759 |
| the production of transgenic scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) via the application of transformed pollen in controlled crossings. | the study demonstrates the production of a transgenic scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedling through the application of transformed pollen in controlled crossings. the pollen lots were transformed by particle bombardment, resulting in transient transformation frequencies varying from 15 to 49% of the germinated pollen grains, and bombarded pollen was used to pollinate megasporangiate strobili. progeny was screened by histochemical, gus assays, and selected seedlings were further analysed by p ... | 2003 | 12779126 |
| regulation of amino acid uptake by carbon and nitrogen in pinus sylvestris. | the simultaneous uptake of 13 different amino acids by scots pine ( pinus sylvestris l.) was characterized and its regulation investigated after pre-treatments with a range of c and n metabolites. the uptake system exhibited a broad substrate specificity, acquiring all tested amino acids at similar uptake rates. uptake of all tested amino acids by excised roots was linear over a time period of 150 min and exhibited ph-dependency, showing a peak at ph 4.0-5.0. uptake was increased following pre-t ... | 2003 | 12783339 |
| comment on "biosorption of chromium(vi) from aqueous solution by cone biomass of pinus sylvestris". | 2003 | 12798124 | |
| scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) growth and condition in a polluted environment: from decline to recovery. | the results of long-term investigations of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) growth and condition in the impact zone of one of the biggest air pollution sources in lithuania--mineral fertilizers plant "achema" are presented. the main attention is laid to the recovery of damaged stands since annual emissions to air were reduced essentially. the investigations indicated, that the recovery of tree increment was mostly caused by distinct reduction of emissions of nitrogen and sulphur oxides and dust ... | 2003 | 12810314 |
| effects of thinning treatment on an ectomycorrhizal succession under scots pine. | we describe a 16 yr dataset of ectomycorrhizal fruit bodies under scots pine (pinus sylvestris), starting from seedlings, and explore the effects of a 50% thinning treatment imposed in year 12. the over-riding pattern in the data was of successional development, with paxillus involutus and laccaria proxima in the earliest years, followed by suillus species, while in later years amanita and cortinarius species became prominent. the typical pattern was for each species in turn to increase to a max ... | 2003 | 12825501 |
| comparing est-based genetic maps between pinus sylvestris and pinus taeda. | a genetic map of pinus sylvestris was constructed using estp (expressed sequence tag polymorphism) markers and other gene-based markers, aflp markers and microsatellites. part of the estp markers (40) were developed and mapped earlier in pinus taeda, and additional markers were generated based on p. sylvestris sequences or sequences from other pine species. the mapping in p. sylvestris was based on 94 f(1) progeny from a cross between plus-tree parents e635c and e1101. aflp framework maps for th ... | 2003 | 12827250 |
| impact of emission from oil shale fueled power plants on the growth and foliar elemental concentrations of scots pine in estonia. | to study the impact of air pollution on the growth and elemental composition of conifers, 5 sample plots were established at different distances and directions from the estonian power plant (northeast estonia) in 1999-2000. the selected stands were 75-80(85)-yr-old parts (0.05 ha) of (oxalis)-myrtillus site type forest of 0.7-0.8 density. the soils of all sample plots were gleyic podzols (lkg) on sands. the several times higher ca concentration in the humus horizon of the sample plot ne from the ... | 2003 | 12841691 |
| chemical analysis of volatiles emitted by pinus svlvestris after induction by insect oviposition. | gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of the headspace volatiles of scots pine (pinus sylvestris) induced by egg deposition of the sawfly diprion pini were conducted. the odor blend of systemically oviposition-induced pine twigs. attractive for the eulophid egg parasitoid chrysonotomyia ruforum, was compared to volatiles released by damaged pine twigs (control) that are not attractive for the parasitoid. the mechanical damage inflicted to the control twigs mimicked the damage by a sawfly ... | 2003 | 12857033 |
| diffusion barriers of tripartite sporopollenin microcapsules prepared from pine pollen. | tripartite sporopollenin microcapsules prepared from pine pollen (pinus sylvestris l. and pinus nigra arnold) were analysed with respect to the permeability of the different strata of the exine which surround the gametophyte and form the sacci. the sexine at the surface of the sacci is highly permeable for polymer molecules and latex particles with a diameter of up to 200 nm, whereas the nexine covering the gametophyte is impermeable for dextran molecules, with a stokes' radius > or =4 nm (dextr ... | 2003 | 12876191 |
| variation in host resistance and pathogen selective value in the interaction between pinus sylvestris and the fungus crumenulopsis sororia. | there have been many studies of plant pathogen evolution in systems showing gene-for-gene control of host resistance. however little is known about situations, exemplified by scots pine, pinus sylvestris, and its fungal pathogen crumenulopsis sororia, where variation in host resistance is quantitative. in a field experiment genetically marked isolates of c. sororia from three natural populations were reciprocally inoculated on 1- and 2-year-old branch tissue of p. sylvestris in the three sites f ... | 2003 | 12939618 |
| drought stress alters the concentration of wood terpenoids in scots pine and norway spruce seedlings. | drought is known to have an impact on the resistance of conifers to various pests, for example, by affecting resin flow in trees. little is known, however, about the quantitative and qualitative changes in resin when trees are growing in low moisture conditions. we exposed scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) seedlings to medium and severe drought stress for two growing seasons and analyzed the monoterpenes and resin acids in the main stem wood after two y ... | 2003 | 14584671 |
| isolation of a novel antimicrobial peptide gene (sp-amp) homologue from pinus sylvestris (scots pine) following infection with the root rot fungus heterobasidion annosum. | a new family of antimicrobial peptide homologues termed sp-amp has been discovered in pinus sylvestris (scots pine). this is the first report of such proteins to be characterized in a conifer species. sp-amp1 was identified in a substructured cdna library of root tissue infected with the root rot fungus heterobasidion annosum and encodes a mature peptide of 79 amino acid residues. three additional members of the sp-amp family (sp-amps 2-4) encode cysteine-rich proteins of 105 amino acids, each c ... | 2003 | 14612232 |
| removal of cd(ii) and pb(ii) ions, from aqueous solutions, by adsorption onto sawdust of pinus sylvestris. | fixation of heavy metal ions (cd(ii) and pb(ii)) onto sawdust of pinus sylvestris is presented in this paper. batch experiments were conducted to study the main parameters such as adsorbent concentration, initial adsorbate concentration, contact time, kinetic, ph solution, and stirring velocity on the sorption of cd(ii) and pb(ii) by sawdust of p. sylvestris. kinetic aspects are studied in order to develop a model which can describe the process of adsorption on sawdust. the equilibrium of a solu ... | 2003 | 14623423 |
| detecting differences in crown transparency assessments between countries using the image analysis system croco. | estimates of crown transparency calculated using the semi-automatic image analysis system croco were compared with the visual estimates of survey teams from 12 european countries. for each of five european species (norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.), silver fir (abies alba mill.), scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), beech (fagus sylvatica l.), oak (quercus robur l.)) 15 trees were assessed. in 64% of the comparisons, croco estimates and the survey teams' scores differed significantly, while d ... | 2003 | 14632089 |
| local variations in microfungal populations on pinus sylvestris needles. | we studied the fungal colonization of pinus sylvestris needles in two neighbouring sites, comparing stands of isolated and grouped trees. we observed large variations among the proportions of needles bearing fruit bodies of cyclaneusma minus, lophodermium pinastri, verticicladium trifidum and black lines characteristic of l. pinastri colonization. variations between sites and within trees were greater than that between stands or between trees. the frequency of l. pinastri colonization was negati ... | 2003 | 14635770 |
| albatrellus citrinus sp. nov., connected to picea abies on lime rich soils. | field observations indicated that a morphotype of albatrellus subrubescens seemed connected to picea abies and lime rich soils, while the original morphotype seemed connected with pinus sylvestris and indifferent to lime. we conducted a molecular study (its sequencing of 22 albatrellus specimens) to test the hypothesis that we in fact had discovered a new species. our results confirmed the hypothesis, i.e. the picea taxon (604 bp its) had little intraspecific variation in spite of 1600 km distan ... | 2003 | 14635772 |
| diversity of fungi in organic soils under a moorland--scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) gradient. | the conservation and regeneration of native scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) woodlands is being actively encouraged by conservation agencies in the uk because of their high biodiversity value. in the present study, the consequences of regeneration on terrestrial fungal communities was determined in three parallel transects running from open moorland, through an intermediate zone showing seedling colonization, into a mature scots pine forest at abernethy forest, cairngorm, scotland. soil cores we ... | 2003 | 14641592 |
| developmental lignification and seasonal variation in beta-glucosidase and peroxidase activities in xylem of scots pine, norway spruce and silver birch. | we examined the relationship between beta-glucosidase and peroxidase activities and xylem lignification in the stems of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) and silver birch (betula pendula roth) during the 1999 growing season. examination of stem cross sections stained with safranin and alcian blue for lignin and cellulose, respectively, indicated that radial growth of pine and spruce xylem began in late may, whereas the growth of birch xylem was initiated 2 ... | 2003 | 12952784 |
| defoliation-induced responses in peroxidases, phenolics, and polyamines in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles. | effects of artificial defoliation on defensive needle chemistry in scots pine (pitus sylvestris l.) were evaluated with particular emphasis on peroxidases, phenolic compounds, soluble sugars, polyamines, and foliar nitrogen levels. the study was carried out on a nutrient-poor scots pine stand with 8- to 25-year-old trees. defoliation treatment consisted of repeated defoliation in two successive years with respective control trees. defoliation was done before needle flushing by removing all matur ... | 2003 | 12956514 |
| wood properties of scots pines (pinus sylvestris) grown at elevated temperature and carbon dioxide concentration. | impacts of elevated temperature and carbon dioxide concentration ([co2]) on wood properties of 15-year-old scots pines (pinus sylvestris l.) grown under conditions of low nitrogen supply were investigated in open-top chambers. the treatments consisted of (i) ambient temperature and ambient [co2] (at+ac), (ii) ambient temperature and elevated [co2] (at+ec), (iii) elevated temperature and ambient [co2] (et+ac) and (iv) elevated temperature and elevated [co2] (et+ec). wood properties analyzed for t ... | 2003 | 14532012 |
| acidification-induced chemical changes in coniferous forest soils in southern sweden 1988-1999. | thirty-two norway spruce [picea abies (l.) karst.] and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stands in southern sweden were studied for a period of 12 years to evaluate acidification-induced chemical changes in the soil. soil, at 20-30 cm depth in the mineral layer, was sampled three times during this period (1988, 1993 and 1999). the results show that ph(bacl2) in mineral soil decreased by, on average, 0.17 units between 1988 and 1999, accompanied by an increase in aluminium (al) concentration and a ... | 2003 | 12663207 |
| nearly complete genetic maps of pinus sylvestris l. (scots pine) constructed by aflp marker analysis in a full-sib family. | we have constructed nearly complete linkage maps of pinus sylvestris (l.) using aflp markers based on a two-way pseudo-testcross strategy in a full-sib family founded in an advanced breeding program. with 39 primer combinations, a total of 737 markers (320 from the mother and 417 from the father) segregated in a 1:1 ratio, corresponding to dna polymorphism: heterozygous in one parent and null in the other. in the maternal parent, 188 framework markers were mapped in 12 linkage groups, equivalent ... | 2003 | 12671756 |
| uptake and transfer of nutrients in ectomycorrhizal associations: interactions between photosynthesis and phosphate nutrition. | energy-dispersive x-ray microanalytical investigations and microautoradiographic studies were carried out to examine whether the uptake and transfer of phosphate (p) by an ectomycorrhizal fungus is affected by the carbohydrate supply of its host plant. for this purpose, non-mycorrhizal seedlings of pinus sylvestris l. and plants inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete suillus bovinus (l. ex fr.) kuntze were placed in the dark for 7 days in advance of a p supply. the subcellular element ... | 2003 | 12682827 |
| interactive effects of temperature and precipitation on soil respiration in a temperate maritime pine forest. | soil respiration (sr) was monitored periodically throughout 2001 in a scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stand located in the belgian campine region. as expected for a temperate maritime forest, temperature was the dominant control over sr during most of the year. however, during late spring and summer, when soil water content (swc) was limiting, sr was insensitive to temperature (q(10) = 1.24). we observed that during prolonged rain-free periods, when swc was less than 15% (v/v), sr decreased dra ... | 2003 | 14652226 |
| carbon-thirteen cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance and fourier transform infrared studies of thermally modified wood exposed to brown and soft rot fungi. | thermally modified wood has many technically interesting properties, such as increased dimensional stability, low equilibrium moisture content, and enhanced biological and weather resistance. this paper describes solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) and fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopic studies on the decay of heat-treated and untreated pine (pinus sylvestris) by brown (poria placenta) and soft rot fungi. both techniques combined with multivariate data analysis proved to b ... | 2003 | 14658617 |
| use of modeled photosynthesis and decomposition to describe tree growth at the northern tree line. | growth of subarctic scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees was investigated by a combination of process-based models and dendroecological approaches. tree ring width indices were strongly autocorrelated and correlated with simulated photosynthetic production of the previous year and with organic matter n mineralization of the current year. an autoregressive model, with photosynthesis and n mineralization as external inputs, explained growth of the trees well. however, relationships for the perio ... | 2004 | 14676035 |
| monitoring environmental pollution in erzurum by chemical analysis of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles. | pollution distribution maps of copper (cu), zinc (zn) and lead (pb) for erzurum province were developed on the basis of chemical analysis of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles collected from randomly selected sampling points during 2 years. the maps show deposition zones for the studied elements and could help in identification of sources and directions of air pollution dispersion. this study indicated that vegetation in erzurum was greatly endangered by sulphur dioxide (so(2)), whereas zn ... | 2004 | 14680886 |
| antifungal activity of stilbenes in in vitro bioassays and in transgenic populus expressing a gene encoding pinosylvin synthase. | the effect of two stilbene compounds, pinosylvin and resveratrol, on the growth of several fungi was evaluated in plate tests. wood decay tests were carried out with birch and aspen samples impregnated with the two stilbenes. in plate experiments, resveratrol had an enhancing effect on growth at concentrations where pinosylvin was already enough to prevent the growth of most fungi studied. pinosylvin impregnated at 0.2% (w/w) concentration significantly reduced the decay caused by all fungi exce ... | 2004 | 14714142 |
| molecular analysis of the 5'-upstream region of a gibberellin-inducible cytosolic glutamine synthetase gene (gs1b) expressed in pine vascular tissue. | the promoter region of the cytosolic glutamine synthetase gs1b gene was isolated from the conifer pinus sylvestris l. (scots pine). the 1,171-bp stretch of sequence lying immediately upstream of the transcriptional start site was sufficient to drive the expression of a reporter gene in a manner consistent with the expression pattern of the native gs1b gene. computer analysis of putative cis elements in this promoter region revealed the presence of an at box, an ac motif similar to those found in ... | 2004 | 14735362 |
| tree rings as pb pollution archives? a comparison of 206pb/207pb isotope ratios in pine and other environmental media. | tree rings, if validated as an environmental archive for pollution, would provide a convenient, geographically widespread archive for studying the temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric pollutants. we collected tree-ring records from scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), ranging in age from 100 to 300 years and from one spruce (picea abies), from sites in southern and northern sweden and analyzed their stable lead isotopic composition (206pb/207pb). these results are compared to the pb iso ... | 2004 | 14967509 |
| the fractal dimension as a measure of the quality of habitats. | habitat fragmentation produces isolated patches characterized by increased edge effects from an originally continuous habitat. the shapes of these patches often show a high degree of irregularity: their shapes deviate significantly from regular geometrical shapes such as rectangular and elliptical ones. in fractal theory, the geometry of patches created by a common landscape transformation process should be statistically similar, i.e. their fractal dimensions and their form factors should be equ ... | 2004 | 14963403 |
| pyrene degradation in forest humus microcosms with or without pine and its mycorrhizal fungus. | the mineralization potential of forest humus and the self-cleaning potential of a boreal coniferous forest environment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) compounds was studied using a model ecosystem of acid forest humus (ph = 3.6) and pyrene as the model compound. the matrix was natural humus or humus mixed with oil-polluted soil in the presence and absence of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and its mycorrhizal fungus (paxillus involutus). the rates of pyrene mineralization in the micro ... | 2004 | 14964357 |
| leaching of dissolved organic carbon and carbon dioxide emission after compost application to six nutrient-depleted forest soils. | the objective of this study was to assess the effect of compost application on soil respiration and dissolved organic carbon (doc) output of nutrient-depleted forest soils. an amount of 6.3 kg m(-2) mature compost was applied to the forest floor of european beech (fagus sylvatica l.), norway spruce (picea abies karst.), and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stands at soiling and unterlüss, germany. cumulative soil respiration significantly increased by 499 g c m(-2) in the spruce stand at unterlü ... | 2004 | 14964362 |
| significance of wood terpenoids in the resistance of scots pine provenances against the old house borer, hylotrupes bajulus, and brown-rot fungus, coniophora puteana. | we tested how terpenoid (i.e., monoterpenes and resin acids) composition and concentration in wood affects resistance against wood-borers and decaying fungi. scots pine (pinus sylvestris) wood from nine provenances having variable terpenoid profiles was studied against the old house borer, hylotrupes bajulus, and the decay fungus, coniophora puteana. provenances represented a 1200-km n-s transect from estonia to northern finland, but they were all cultivated for 7 years in the same nursery field ... | 2004 | 15074661 |
| forest health status in the carpathian mountains over the period 1997-2001. | the results of forest health status assessments in the carpathian mountains from the monitoring networks developed by the european union scheme on the protection of forest against atmospheric pollution (eu scheme) and international co-operative programme on assessment and monitoring of air pollution effects on forests (icp-forests), have led to a better understanding of the impact of air pollution and other stressors on forests at the regional scale. during the period 1997-2001, forests in the c ... | 2004 | 15046844 |
| acclimation of photosynthetic capacity in scots pine to the annual cycle of temperature. | coniferous trees growing in the boreal and temperate zones have a clear annual cycle of photosynthetic activity. a recent study demonstrated that the seasonal variation in photosynthetic capacity of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) could be attributed mainly to the light response curve of photosynthesis. the magnitude of the light response curve varied over the season while its shape remained constant, indicating that the two physiological parameters quantifying the curve-the quantum yield per u ... | 2004 | 14757576 |
| effects of temperature and nutrient availability on plasma membrane lipid composition in scots pine roots during growth initiation. | we studied the effects of root zone temperature (rzt) and nutrient availability on free sterols and phospholipids in the plasma membrane (pm) and on pm-atpase activity in roots of 1-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings during growth initiation in the spring. seedlings were grown for 6 weeks in hydroponic cultures with low (0.5 mm n; ln) or high (3 mm n; hn) nutrient availability. the root zone was subjected to slow warming (sw) and fast warming (fw) treatments while maintaining si ... | 2004 | 14757583 |
| component carbon fluxes and their contribution to ecosystem carbon exchange in a pine forest: an assessment based on eddy covariance measurements and an integrated model. | we used a combination of eddy flux, canopy, soil and environmental measurements with an integrated biophysical model to analyze the seasonality of component carbon (c) fluxes and their contribution to ecosystem c exchange in a 50-year-old scots pine forest (pinus sylvestris l.) in eastern finland (62 degrees 47' n, 30 degrees 58' e) over three climatically contrasting years (2000-2002). eddy flux measurements showed that the growing scots pine forest was a sink for co2, with annual net c uptakes ... | 2004 | 14652211 |
| development, persistence and regeneration of foraging ectomycorrhizal mycelial systems in soil microcosms. | development of extraradical mycelia of two strains each of paxillus involutus and suillus bovinus in ectomycorrhizal association with pinus sylvestris seedlings was studied in two dimensions in non-sterile soil microcosms. there were significant inter- and intra-specific differences in extraradical mycelial growth and morphology. the mycelial systems of both strains of p. involutus were diffuse and extended more rapidly than those of s. bovinus. depending on the strain, p. involutus mycelia were ... | 2004 | 14598131 |
| the timing of bud burst and its effect on tree growth. | a phenology model for estimating the timings of bud burst--one of the most influential phenological phases for the simulation of tree growth--is presented in this study. the model calculates the timings of the leafing of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) and oak (quercus robur l.) and the may shoot of norway spruce (picea abies l.) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) on the basis of the daily maximum temperature. the data for parameterisation and validation of the model have been taken from 40 climate ... | 2004 | 14564495 |
| abundance, diversity, and vitality of mycorrhizae of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in lignite recultivation sites. | scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stands cover large areas in the lusatian and the middle german lignite mining districts. due to adverse chemical substrate conditions, the root systems of the trees are restricted to the ameliorated top-spoil and the organic forest floor layers. to investigate functioning of fine root systems under the prevailing site factors, we studied mycorrhizal colonization rate and frequency as well as mycorrhizal diversity, vitality and growth phases in scots pine ecosyste ... | 2004 | 12942357 |
| fungicidal properties of pinus sylvestris l. for improvement of air quality. | sick building syndrome is a term commonly used to describe the consequences of poor indoor air quality. it is well documented that first of all air quality depends on the chemical composition, and until now negligible attention has been paid to air pollution by microorganisms. some species of fungi (aspergillus flavus, a. fumigatus, a. niger, a. parasiticus, a. oryzea and other) and their toxins cause difficulty in breathing, allergic rhinitis, watery eyes, headaches, and flu-like symptoms. over ... | 2004 | 15300001 |
| host ecology determines the relative fitness of virus genotypes in mixed-genotype nucleopolyhedrovirus infections. | mixed-genotype infections are common in many natural host-parasite interactions. classical kin-selection models predict that single-genotype infections can exploit host resources prudently to maximize fitness, but that selection favours rapid exploitation when co-infecting genotypes share limited host resources. however, theory has outpaced evidence: we require empirical studies of pathogen genotypes that naturally co-infect hosts. do genotypes actually compete within hosts? can host ecology aff ... | 2004 | 15312074 |
| increased selfing and correlated paternity in a small population of a predominantly outcrossing conifer, pinus sylvestris. | outcrossing rate, the rates of ovule and seed abortion, and levels of correlated paternity were estimated in a small population of pinus sylvestris, a predominantly outcrossing conifer, and were compared with estimates from two widely dispersed woodlands of the same species, showing a range of densities. on average, seed trees of the small population showed an eight-fold higher selfing rate (25 vs. 3%) and a 100-fold greater incidence of correlated paternity (19.6 vs. 0.2%) than did trees from t ... | 2004 | 15315671 |
| hplc micro-fractionation coupled to a cell-based assay for automated on-line primary screening of calcium antagonistic components in plant extracts. | high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) micro-fractionation was successfully coupled to an automated 45ca2+ uptake assay using gh4c1 cells for the separation of natural product extracts and for the primary detection of their calcium antagonistic components. the reliability of the procedure was first established with a reference solution consisting of pure compounds with a known effect on the ca2+ uptake. no loss of activity was observed to occur after hplc micro-fractionation. extracts of ... | 2004 | 15322796 |
| behaviour of the hyphae of laccaria laccata in the presence of trichoderma harzianum in vitro. | the growth rate and the behaviour of laccaria laccata and trichoderma harzianum hyphae in co-culture and in the rhizosphere of 3-month-old pinus sylvestris seedlings grown in vitro were investigated. in the interaction zone, hyphae of l. laccata became more pigmented and formed short branches growing towards the hyphae of the saprobic fungus, coiled around them and penetrated sporadically. vacuolated hyphae of t. harzianum showed protoplasm granulation and breaks in walls followed by release of ... | 2004 | 15322966 |
| laser ablation-combustion-gc-irms--a new method for online analysis of intra-annual variation of delta13c in tree rings. | we present a new, rapid method for high-resolution online determination of delta13c in tree rings, combining laser ablation (la), combustion (c), gas chromatography (gc) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (irms) (la-c-gc-irms). sample material was extracted every 6 min with a uv-laser from a tree core, leaving 40-microm-wide holes. ablated wood dust was combusted to co2 at 700 degrees c, separated from other gases on a gc column and injected into an isotope ratio mass spectrometer after removal ... | 2004 | 15339728 |
| effect of parent genotype on somatic embryogenesis in scots pine (pinus sylvestris). | controlled crosses of seven scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees produced 49 families that included both reciprocals and selfings. embryogenic cultures were initiated from immature megagametophytes and after 6 months in maintenance culture, mature somatic embryos were produced from the surviving 166 lines. the effect of parent genotypes on the cultures was evaluated at initiation of the tissue culture period, after 6 months in maintenance culture and at embryo maturation. the effect of the mat ... | 2004 | 15339735 |
| dendroremediation of trinitrotoluene (tnt). part 1: literature overview and research concept. | for decades, very large areas of former military sites have been contaminated diffusely with the persistent nitroaromatic explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt). the recalcitrance of the environmental hazard tnt is to a great extent due to its particulate soil existence, which leads to slow but continuous leaching processes. although improper handling during the manufacture of tnt seems to be a problem of the past in developed countries, environmental deposition of tnt and other explosives is sti ... | 2004 | 15341318 |
| identification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the volatile organic compounds emitted from the wood-rotting fungi serpula lacrymans and coniophora puteana, and from pinus sylvestris timber. | volatile organic compounds (vocs) emitted by two wood-rotting basidiomycete fungi, serpula lacrymans (dry rot fungus) and coniophora puteana (cellar fungus), and the timber of pinus sylvestris (scots pine), were identified. several volatile collection techniques were employed including dichloromethane solvent extraction, solid-phase microextraction (spme) and thermal desorption of vocs entrained on tenax gr. in addition, a new method of solid sample injection (ssi) is described which utilises a ... | 2004 | 15446714 |