Publications

common bacterial pneumonitis in infants. determining the etiology and tailoring the treatment.	in infantile pneumonia, we recommend close attention to the history and physical examination. baseline studies, including cbc, esr, blood cultures, and chest film, should be performed at onset and repeated as warranted. nasopharyngeal secretions or washings should be drawn by means of gentle suction and specimens sent for gram stain, fluorescent antibody stain for respiratory syncytial virus, and culture for bacteria and for viruses if possible. acute and convalescent serum specimens should be o ...	1986	3511465
long-term outcome of group b streptococcal meningitis.	group b streptococcus is a common cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the neurologic, psychologic, and academic status of children who had group b streptococcal meningitis and to compare these children with their siblings. seventy-four children who acquired group b streptococcal meningitis between one day and 6 months of life formed the study population. survivors were 3 to 18 years old at the time of their follow-up evaluations. twenty children (27 ...	1986	3511445
safety and efficacy of once daily ceftriaxone for the treatment of bacterial meningitis.	fifty-seven patients with bacterial meningitis were treated with once daily ceftriaxone. after an initial loading dose of 100 mg/kg, the patients received 80 mg/kg as a single daily dose. etiologic agents included: haemophilus influenzae type b, 37 (11 beta-lactamase-positive); neisseria meningitidis, 11; streptococcus pneumoniae, 6; streptococcus pyogenes, 1; haemophilus influenzae type f, 1; and group b streptococcus, 1. all patients showed clinical improvement and all were bacteriologically c ...	1986	3088548
detection of bacterial antigens in body fluids by the phadebact system.	150 infected patients from 2 study centers had body fluids examined for presence of bacterial antigens (group b streptococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria meningitidis and haemophilus influenzae type b) using the pharmacia phadebact system. the rates of detection of the pneumococcal antigens in the urine or serum of the patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, pneumococcal bacteremia and pneumococcal meningitis were 0.38, 0.47 and 0.5, respectively. the overall detection rate for h. influen ...	1986	3094138
dispersal of a plasmid-borne chloramphenicol resistance gene in streptococcal and enterococcal plasmids.	plasmids coding for chloramphenicol resistance, five isolated from streptococci of groups a, b, and g, ten from enterococci (enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium), and two from staphylococci, were tested for sequence homology with the chloramphenicol resistance gene of pip501, a 30-kb plasmid originally isolated from a group b streptococcus. the 6.3-kb hindiii fragment of pip501, known to carry the chloramphenicol resistance gene, was cloned into pbr322. a 1.6-kb portion of the cloned fra ...	1986	3101076
the incubation period necessary for detection of bacteremia in immunocompetent children with fever. implications for the clinician.	the authors determined the time required for blood cultures to be detected as positive for the common bacterial pathogens in immunocompetent infants and children with fever who had no apparent source of infection. records of the bacteriology laboratory were reviewed retrospectively from 1981 to 1984 for blood cultures that were positive for haemophilus influenzae type b, streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria meningitidis, salmonella species, and group b streptococcus. blood culturing by a conventi ...	1986	3757393
bacterial meningitis in 366 children in the netherlands, 1982-1983. epidemiology and antibiotic therapy.	records of 366 children 0-15 years with bacterial meningitis (april 1982-march 1983) were reviewed in the framework of a medical audit. the general epidemiological pattern and the antibiotics administered are described and the patients in general hospitals are compared with those in academic hospitals. h. influenzae has been isolated from 31% of patients, n. meningitidis from 23% and s. pneumoniae from 10%. case-fatality ratio was 6.6% overall, but it was higher in disease due to rare pathogens ...	1986	3705051
prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis and other micro-organisms in women seeking abortions in pittsburgh, pennsylvania, united states of america.	the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis, ureaplasma urealyticum, mycoplasma hominis, group b streptococcus, herpes simplex virus, and neisseria gonorrhoeae from cervical cultures obtained from 210 women seeking abortion in pittsburgh, pennsylvania, united states of america was 9.3%, 72.9%, 25.2%, 4.3%, 0.9%, and 0.9% respectively. cultures from 40/203 (19.7%) patients failed to produce any of these organisms. c trachomatis isolation was not associated with age, race, marital status, average fami ...	1986	3721515
comparative evaluation of four systems for determining susceptibility of gram-positive organisms.	a study was undertaken to compare four commercial systems for testing the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of gram-positive cocci. the reference method was an agar dilution method. the systems evaluated were the ms-2 system (abbott diagnostics div., mississauga, ontario), the automicrobic system (ams) (vitek systems, inc., hazelwood, mo.) with the gram-positive susceptibility (gps) card, the sceptor system (bbl microbiology systems, distributed by becton dickenson, canada inc., mississauga, ...	1986	3634778
polymicrobial early postpartum endometritis with facultative and anaerobic bacteria, genital mycoplasmas, and chlamydia trachomatis: treatment with piperacillin or cefoxitin.	a protected, triple-lumen transcervical culture method was used to recover organisms from the endometrium. at least one facultative or one anaerobic species of bacteria was recovered from 82% of the patients, and genital mycoplasmas were recovered from 76% of the women with endometritis. bacteria together with genital mycoplasmas were present in 61% of the women, bacteria alone were present in 20%, genital mycoplasmas alone were present in 16%, and chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 2% of t ...	1986	3701114
endometrial cultures obtained by a triple-lumen method from afebrile and febrile postpartum women.	transfundal endometrial cultures obtained from afebrile women who delivered vaginally were uniformly free of bacteria and contained ureaplasma urealyticum in only 2 of 14 women. a protected triple-lumen transcervical method to obtain an endometrial culture recovered organisms from 6 (43%) of the 14 women. compared with cultures from afebrile women, organisms were recovered from 51 (93%) of 55 febrile postpartum women by using the triple-lumen transcervical culture method (p less than .001). amon ...	1986	3701115
group b streptococcus colonization & neonatal outcome in north india.		1986	3549554
group b streptococcal bacteremia in men.	twenty-three episodes of bacteremia due to group b streptococcus (gbs) in men were reviewed for both clinical and microbiologic features. the commonest sources of bacteremia were infections of the respiratory tract (seven cases), skin (five cases), urinary tract (four cases), and intravenous access sites (four cases). sixteen (70%) of the cases of bacteremia were hospital acquired, and 10 (43%) were polymicrobial (seven with staphylococcus aureus). gbs bacteremia was generally low-grade and brie ...	1986	3541125
in vitro stimulation prior to fusion generates antigen-binding human-human hybridomas.	production of useful human monoclonal antibodies has been limited by the inability to reliably generate and isolate antigen-specific b cells by in vivo immunization. an in vitro culture system employing antigen and mitogen to stimulate lymphocytes derived from solid lymphoid organs has been developed. human tonsilar or splenic lymphocytes were stimulated in vitro with antigen and mitogen in short term culture and then fused with either of two enzyme deficient human b cell lines. this approach ap ...	1986	3534099
pectoralis pyomyositis: an unusual cause of chest wall pain in a patient with diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis.	we describe a case of isolated pectoralis swelling and tenderness, without systemic signs of infection, in a north american adult with diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis. the etiology was discovered to be pyomyositis, usually thought to be a disease of tropical climates. it is the first such case with group b streptococcus as the causative organism.	1986	3522899
[importance of bacteremia in children less than 2 years old with fever without manifest focus].	authors studied the importance of occult bacteremia among children, under 24 months of age, presenting fever without localizing signs. 113 patients were studied, six had positive blood cultures (5.4%). agents identified were: n. meningitidis twice, e. coli, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus viridians and group b streptococcus. some clinical and laboratory data (body temperature, wbc count, neutrophil count and band count), were studied as predictors of bacteremia. none of these were statistic ...	1986	3813223
detection of group b streptococcal antigen in necropsy specimens using monoclonal antibody and immunoperoxidase staining.	a murine monoclonal antibody, which recognises various serotypes of group b streptococcus in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue, was used to show the organism in necropsy specimens of newborn infant lung by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. the method seemed to be complementary to that of gram staining, and may be successfully used to identify group b streptococcus antigen in histopathological material.	1986	3512614
the carrier state: group b streptococcus.		1986	3528112
group b streptococcus.		1986	3514505
streptococcal puerperal sepsis and obstetric infections: a historical perspective.	the streptococcus, responsible for inestimable morbidity and mortality among parturient women since the 16th century, is no longer a significant cause of puerperal infection. although the problem of the group a streptococcus in obstetrics has abated, the obstetrician is now confronted with the group b streptococcus, which is a major cause of fetal, neonatal, and maternal morbidity and mortality. some historical insight into the infectious disease problems encountered by obstetric practitioners d ...	1986	3523698
isolation of a c (ibc) protein from group b streptococcus which elicits mouse protective antibody.	the c (ibc) proteins of group b streptococcus (gbs) have been shown to induce mouse protective antibodies when present as immunogens on whole organisms. however, characterization of specific proteins responsible for inducing protection has not been reported. we have grown type ic gbs in a dialysate of todd hewitt broth and analyzed the proteins extruded into the broth. multiple proteins of varying size were visualized by sds-page. ultrafiltration was used to separate the gbs components by molecu ...	1986	3334154
adjunctive erythromycin treatment for idiopathic preterm labor: results of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.	pathogenesis and optimal treatment and prevention of preterm labor remain incompletely understood. entry of cervical/vaginal microorganisms into lower uterine tissues has been implicated in preterm labor and may be amenable to specific therapy. fifty-eight women with less than 34 completed weeks of gestation and without other obstetric complications, who were receiving intravenous tocolytics because of uterine contractions and who had cervical alteration (less than 5 cm dilated), were enrolled i ...	1986	3511709
ceftazidime vs. standard therapy for pediatric meningitis: therapeutic, pharmacologic and epidemiologic observations.	one hundred patients ages 1 month to 15 years received either ceftazidime (cz) at a dose of 150 mg/kg/day divided every 8 hours or conventional treatment with chloramphenicol and ampicillin (ca). seventy-eight had isolates recovered from the cerebrospinal fluid: 40 (51%) were haemophilus influenzae (all ampicillin-susceptible); 16 (21%) were streptococcus pneumoniae; 14 (18%) were neisseria meningitidis; 3 (4%) were salmonellae; 1 (2%) was pseudomonas; and 1 (2%) was group b streptococcus. six p ...	1986	3523457
determination of asymptomatic carrier rate of beta-haemolytic group b streptococcus in vaginas of pregnant women in ibadan, nigeria.	bacteriological studies of 500 vaginal swabs from pregnant women in second and third trimester from 4 government hospitals in ibadan showed that 8 (1.6 per cent) were found to be culture-positive for group b streptococcus. five (1.0 per cent) were found to harbour group d streptococci. all the 8 group b streptococcus isolates were sensitive to erythromycin, methicillin, penicillin g, ampicillin and chloramphenicol in decreasing order. they were resistant to tetracycline, sulphafurazole and strep ...	1986	3526761
influence of polysaccaride capsule and ionic strength on buoyant density of group b streptococci.	density fluctuation during the cell cycle was investigated with group b streptococcus (gbs), type ia, in isotonic medium. maximum density occurred at late lag-phase, with a minimum at the middle of logarithmic growth. during the stationary phase the density remained stable. the buoyant density of serotypes ia, ib, ii, iii and a rough variant was determined by means of gradient centrifugation. in an isotonic milieu at the early stationary phase, the density of the strains varied in the range betw ...	1986	3526813
influence of prostaglandin d2 on hemodynamic effects of group b streptococcus in neonatal lambs.	infusions of group b streptococci cause pulmonary hypertension in several neonatal animal models. a continuous infusion of prostaglandin d2 reduced the magnitude of this pulmonary hypertensive response; indomethacin completely blocked the response. prostaglandin d2 or cyclooxygenase inhibitors may be important therapeutic agents for infants with group b streptococcal sepsis who manifest pulmonary hypertension.	1986	3530674
pelvic inflammatory disease.	acute pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) is a major public health problem. an estimated 1 million cases occur annually in the united states. pid is a major cause of infertility and ectopic pregnancy. prevention of the significant medical and economic sequelae of acute pid relies on the institution of appropriate treatment regimens that are based on the true microbiologic etiology of acute pid and take cognizance of the polymicrobic nature of this etiology. the clinician must maintain a high index ...	1986	3532371
perinatal colonization of group b streptococcus--an epidemiological study in a chinese population.	an epidemiological study of perinatal colonization of group b streptococcus (gbs) was carried out prospectively in a chinese population. one hundred and sixty-eight mother-infant pairs were studied. maternal carriage rate from multiple sites was 19.0%, with an overall neonatal colonization rate of 19.6%. there was no neonatal sepsis due to gbs. no obstetrical risk factors that could influence material carriage could be identified. neonatal colonization was associated with premature/prolonged rup ...	1986	3533034
perinatal group b streptococcal infection in midgestation.	in a series of 32 fetuses and neonates studied at autopsy at women and infants hospital, group b streptococcus (gbs) was isolated from the right atrial blood or from the lung. eleven or 34% (5 stillborn fetuses and 6 liveborn infants) were delivered in midgestation, between 18 and 28 weeks, and all weighed less than 1000 g. maternal clinical features in gbs infection during midgestation included vaginal hemorrhage in 4 and premature rupture of membranes in 8. the high rate of fetal death associa ...	1986	3537995
bacterial pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	eighteen episodes of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia were diagnosed in 13 patients among 336 with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) cared for at memorial sloan-kettering cancer center since 1979. bacterial pathogens isolated in 16 of 18 episodes were haemophilus influenzae in 8, streptococcus pneumoniae in 6, group b streptococcus in 1, and branhamella catarrhalis in 1. eight episodes were presumed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia until cultures obtained at bronchoscopy confirme ...	1986	3484420
balanitis caused by group b streptococcus.	the lancefield group b streptococcus is a cause of serious genitourinary tract infections in peripartum women. however, it rarely has been implicated as a pathogen in genital infections of male subjects. we report severe recurrent balanitis owing to group b streptococcus in a sexually active young man. group b streptococcus was cultured from the vagina of his asymptomatic consort on 1 occasion. it is postulated that penile cellulitis developed by invasion of group b streptococcus through a traum ...	1986	3514966
neonatal sepsis due to nontypable haemophilus influenzae.	from august 1980 through july 1984, 19 neonates had sepsis due to haemophilus influenzae. onset of disease occurred within 48 hours after birth of all the neonates. one neonate was born at term and 18 were born prematurely, including seven neonates born before 28 weeks' gestation. eight neonates and one fetus died, six of them within 24 hours of birth. acute chorioamnionitis was present in the placentas. those neonates with the most severe placental inflammation survived while all of those who d ...	1986	3484894
surface-bound capsular polysaccharide of type ia group b streptococcus mediates c1 binding and activation of the classic complement pathway.	the role of surface-bound type ia group b streptococcus (gbs) capsular polysaccharide in antibody-independent binding of c1 and activation of the classic complement pathway was investigated. in a radiolabeled bacterial-polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn) association assay, a measure of bacterial opsonization, preincubation of 3h-type ia gbs with purified f(ab')2 to the organism blocked the association of the bacteria with pmn', and the inhibitory effect was dose dependent. the specificity of f(ab' ...	1986	3517165
functional activities of various preparations of human intravenous immunoglobulin against type iii group b streptococcus.	two preparations of human immunoglobulin modified for intravenous use (iv immunoglobulin) by different methods (reduction-and-alkylation, or ph 4 treatment) were evaluated for in vitro and in vivo activity against a strain of type iii group b streptococcus (gbs). both preparations contained similar amounts of total igg and specific igg antibody against the type-specific polysaccharide. in vitro, opsonophagocytic studies revealed that ph 4-treated iv immunoglobulin was significantly more effectiv ...	1986	3517187
is group b streptococcus a zoonosis?		1986	3544364
human igg antibody to group b streptococcus type iii: comparison of protective levels in a murine model with levels in infected human neonates.	we determined the serum concentration of human igg antibody to the native capsular polysaccharide of group b streptococcus (gbs) type iii needed to passively protect mice against lethal homologous challenge. antibody was measured by an elisa, standardized by two methods, and corrected for nonprecipitating antibody. a concentration of 1.3 micrograms of igg antibody to gbs type iii/ml protected 126 (97%) of 130 mice from an 80%-96% lethal dose bacterial challenge. concentrations of igg antibody to ...	1986	3950439
sternoclavicular joint infection with group b streptococcus.		1986	3522900
rapid detection of group b streptococcal antigen in human amniotic fluid.	infants exposed in utero to group b streptococcus (gbs)-infected human amniotic fluid (haf) are at high risk for serious infection. latex particle agglutination (lpa) tests are not approved for detection of gbs in haf. two lpa systems, patho-dx strep b and wellcogen strep b, were used to test unfiltered sterile haf and filtered haf containing concentrations of gbs carbohydrate from 0.2 to 100 micrograms/ml. four different processing techniques were used to prevent nonspecific lpa: edta, nitrous ...	1987	3546363
structure of the complex group-specific polysaccharide of group b streptococcus.	the group-specific antigen was isolated from a type ia group b streptococcal strain and is a complex polysaccharide composed of alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl, alpha-d-galactopyranosyl, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranosyl, d-glucitol, and phosphate residues. the complexity of the group b polysaccharide antigen is evident from the fact that when depolymerized by basic hydrolysis it yielded three structurally related, but nevertheless significantly different, oligosaccharides. these oligosaccharide ...	1987	3548820
bacterial adherence to the upper respiratory tract of ferrets infected with influenza a virus.	a ferret model was used to study bacterial adherence in animals with influenza. ferrets were inoculated intranasally with influenza a3/hong kong/1/68 virus. antiviral serum antibodies were apparent by day 5. on days 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11, three virus-inoculated and two uninoculated controls were anesthetized, exsanguinated, and decapitated, and the lower jaw was removed. each animal was inoculated intranasally with a 1-ml suspension containing 20 mg (dry wt) of either 3h-labeled staphylococcus aure ...	1987	3554259
unusual occurrence of an epidemic of type ib/c group b streptococcal sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit.	an epidemic of late-onset sepsis due to type ib/c group b streptococcus (ib/c-gbs) occurred in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu). during a seven-week period, five very low birth weight infants (index cases [ics]) more than four weeks of age became bacteremic. bacteriologic surveillance of neonates revealed persistent colonization in three ics and identified three asymptomatic carriers (acs). all ics and one ac acquired ib/c-gbs nosocomially, whereas the other two acs were colonized at birth. ...	1987	3553345
group b streptococcal breast abscess.	a 22-year-old women was admitted to the hospital with a large, tender supraareolar mass of her right breast. cultures of the purulent aspirate yielded beta-hemolytic group b streptococcus. surgical incision and drainage, together with therapy with erythromycin ethylsuccinate in this penicillin-allergic patient, resulted in cure. this is the first report, to our knowledge, of group b streptococcus causing human breast abscess.	1987	3541846
type iii group b streptococcus: functional interaction with igg subclass antibodies.	the functionally active igg subclasses and the portion of the antibody molecule mediating opsonophagocytosis of type iii, group b streptococcus (iii-gbs) have not previously been investigated. serum from a healthy adult immunized with iii-gbs vaccine was subjected to ion exchange chromatography, yielding 2,950 mg of igg/dl and 1,440 micrograms of iii-gbs-specific antibody/ml. papain digestion for selective cleavage of igg1 and igg3 yielded an igg2-rich pool that contained 31% of the initial igg ...	1987	3543156
neonatal retropharyngeal cellulitis due to group b streptococcus.	two neonates who presented with histories of poor feeding, irritability and noisy breathing had group b streptococcal (gbs) bacteremia and retropharyngeal cellulitis. one infant also had submandibular cellulitis. retropharyngeal cellulitis has not been recognized as a manifestation of gbs disease. evaluation of the upper airway should be part of the workup of any sick infant with noisy breathing and/or grunting. retropharyngeal tissue enlargement may be an early indicator of gbs disease.	1987	3549108
acute renal failure in the neonate. two fatal cases due to group b streptococci with rhabdomyolysis.	two cases of fatal group b streptococcal disease complicated by rhabdomyolysis in the neonate are described. they were identified by blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures positive for group b streptococcus and by a combination of hyperkalemia, urine dipstick positive for blood without microscopic hematuria, and elevated serum muscle enzymes.	1987	3549109
a model of high-affinity antibody binding to type iii group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharide.	we recently reported that the single repeating-unit pentasaccharide of type iii group b streptococcus (gbs) capsular polysaccharide is only weakly reactive with type iii gbs antiserum. to further elucidate the relationship between antigen-chain length and antigenicity, tritiated oligosaccharides derived from type iii capsular polysaccharide were used to generate detailed saturation binding curves with a fixed concentration of rabbit antiserum in a radioactive antigen-binding assay. a graded incr ...	1987	3480537
thromboxane synthesis inhibition reverses group b streptococcus-induced pulmonary hypertension.	group b streptococcus (gbs) sepsis in humans may cause the persistent pulmonary hypertension syndrome. infusions of gbs in animals elevate pulmonary artery pressure (pap) and resistance and are associated with elevated thromboxane levels. we investigated the hemodynamic effects of the specific thromboxane synthesis inhibitor, dazmegrel, in a piglet model of gbs-induced pulmonary hypertension. pap rose from 22 +/- 6 to 42 +/- 11 (sd) mm hg during infusion of heat-killed gbs; pulmonary vascular re ...	1987	3297489
structure and immunochemistry of an oligosaccharide repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of type iii group b streptococcus. a revised structure for the type iii group b streptococcal polysaccharide antigen.	we have derived oligosaccharides from the capsular polysaccharide of type iii group b streptococcus by enzymatic hydrolysis of a specific backbone glycosidic bond utilizing an endo-beta-galactosidase from flavobacterium keratolyticus. enzymatic digestion of the polysaccharide produced oligosaccharide fragments of one or more pentasaccharide repeating units. on the basis of 13c nmr, 1h nmr, and methylation analyses, it was established that the smallest digestion fragment was alpha-d-neupnac-(2--- ...	1987	3298228
effect of bacterial growth on the bursting pressure of fetal membranes in vitro.	by mounting a layer of chorioamniotic membrane on a specially designed reaction vessel, we studied the effect of escherichia coli and/or group b streptococcus growing on the decidual surface of the membranes in tissue culture or bacteriologic medium. the organisms grew equally well in either medium. when growing in tissue culture medium, either organism significantly weakened the membranes as compared with controls (membranes incubated in the absence of either organism). membranes derived from p ...	1987	3299175
a rapid screening test for the diagnosis of endocervical group b streptococci in pregnancy: microbiologic results and clinical outcome.	four hundred thirty-one parturient women were tested for cervical infection with group b streptococcus using standard bacterial culture and a commercially available latex particle agglutination test. the total time required to perform each latex test was 30 minutes or less. the prevalence of endocervical group b streptococcus by culture was 4.4%, half of whom developed clinically significant group b streptococcus infection; all such cases were identified correctly by the latex test. the predicti ...	1987	3299176
prevalence and significance of group b streptococcus in a large obstetric population.	between jan. 1 and dec. 31, 1985, vaginal swabs were obtained for culture for group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus (gbs) from 3078 women admitted for labour and delivery to regina general hospital. seventy-one women had positive results; thus, the colonization rate was only 2.3%. the charts of the 71 women and their 73 babies were analysed. of the 58 babies from whom swabs were obtained, 20 had gbs at one or more sites; the transmission rate was therefore 34%. early-onset gbs disease developed i ...	1987	3300923
streptococcus agalactiae (group b) endocarditis--a description of twelve cases and review of the literature.	the group b streptococcus has been shown to be a major cause of meningitis in the newborn and an occasional cause of endocarditis and sepsis in postpartum women. little attention has been devoted to this organism as a cause of bacterial endocarditis. twelve patients with group b streptococcal endocarditis were seen at the presbyterian hospital, new york, ny, between 1974 and 1985. there were seven women, five men. ages ranged from 32 to 81 years. serious underlying disease was present in all - d ...	1987	3301682
fever without localizing signs and group b streptococcus bacteremia in two patients 90 days of age and older.		1987	3303911
effects of alterations of zinc-to-phosphorus ratios and meconium content on group b streptococcus growth in human amniotic fluid in vitro.	several authors have described the bacterial growth-altering properties of amniotic fluid. we examined group b streptococcus growth in aseptically obtained amniotic fluid in vitro after altering its zinc, phosphorus, and meconium contents. zinc and phosphorus levels were calculated in amniotic fluid and in meconium. separate solutions of zinc and phosphorus were added to yield concentrations of 0.7, 7.0, 70, and 700 mumol. the solutions were incubated with group b streptococcus iii 893 and esche ...	1987	3307431
trends in neonatal infections.	the changing epidemiology of neonatal infections manifested in the first few weeks of life is described. the six infections discussed are herpes, hepatitis b, chlamydial infection, infection due to the group b streptococcus, gonococcal disease, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. nursing actions to prevent the spread of these diseases are described, with particular emphasis on the importance of body substance precautions for all neonates.	1987	3320299
group b streptococcus: the pregnant woman and her neonate.	within the past 10 years, group b streptococcal disease has emerged as a major causative agent in neonatal morbidity and mortality. a brief history of this pathogen and its epidemiologic factors regarding maternal colonization and carriage is presented. group b streptococcal disease in the neonate and concurrent treatment and prevention modalities also are presented. a case study is included. suggestions for nursing assessment, intervention, and future considerations are offered.	1987	3553469
proliferation of group b streptococci in human amniotic fluid in vitro.	the group b streptococcus is one of the most virulent organisms causing perinatal infection. human amniotic fluid from the second and third trimesters was pooled and analyzed for electrolytes, protein, albumin, zinc, inorganic phosphorus, ferritin, lysozyme, and immunoglobulins. we inoculated replicates of specimens with known virulent strains of group b streptococci (893, 891, and 878) and escherichia coli (c5) with todd-hewitt broth and normal saline solution used as controls. group b streptoc ...	1987	3541626
cellulitis of the penis and scrotum due to group b streptococcus.	group b streptococcus was isolated from the blood, penile exudate and needle aspirate of cellulitis in a severely ill neonate with a rapidly progressive infection of the scrotum, penis and lower abdominal wall. this case demonstrates the need to evaluate and to manage newborns with scrotal cellulitis differently than older children and adults. a different group of organisms and a greater likelihood for systemic involvement are to be anticipated in newborns.	1987	3550152
characterization of polymorphonuclear leukocyte aggregation in vitro induced by heat-inactivated group b streptococcus.	we studied the aggregatory characteristics of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) in response to heat-inactivated group b streptococcus. pmns suspended in physiologic salt solution do not aggregate to heat-inactivated group b streptococcus (gbs) unless the gbs is previously opsonized in autologous plasma. the aggregating activity of both opsonized gbs and activated plasma are reduced if the plasma is decomplemented before incubation with gbs. pretreatment of pmns with pronase inhibited ops ...	1987	3552979
cloning and expression in escherichia coli of the ibc protein genes of group b streptococci: binding of human immunoglobulin a to the beta antigen.	total-cell dna isolated from a highly virulent serotype ic strain of a group b streptococcus was used to construct a gene bank with bacteriophage lambda l47.1 in escherichia coli k-12. recombinant phage plaques in the bank were immunoblotted by using anti-alpha- and anti-beta-specific antibodies directed towards the ibc proteins purified from the streptococcal cell surface, and hybrid phages expressing the alpha protein (lambda alpha +) and the beta protein (lambda beta +) were identified. dna i ...	1987	3552990
effect of antimicrobial therapy for experimental infections due to group b streptococcus on mortality and clearance of bacteria.	in an effort to develop more effective antimicrobial therapy, we evaluated three alternative regimens currently available to clinicians for their efficacy against experimental bacteremia and meningitis due to group b streptococcus (gbs) in newborn rats: various doses of penicillin g (100, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg per day), combined penicillin g-gentamicin vs. penicillin g, and ceftriaxone vs. penicillin g. higher doses of penicillin g and ceftriaxone exhibited significantly greater bactericidal ac ...	1987	3553349
[prevention of gram-negative and gram-positive infections using 3 intravenous immunoglobulin preparations and therapy of experimental polymicrobial burn infection using intravenous pseudomonas immunoglobulin g and ciprofloxacin in an animal model].	three immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous infusion were compared in vivo to determine their relative protective capacity against several gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. polyglobin n is a conventional igg concentrate. psomaglobin n is identical in formulation to polyglobin n but is prepared from the plasma of donors who have naturally high levels of antibody to lipopolysaccharide antigens of pseudomonas aeruginosa. iggma is a conventional igg concentrate containing 12% igg and ...	1987	3570485
[recent trend of childhood bacterial meningitis in japan (1979-1984). part 4. a classification of prognosis and antibiotic treatment based on causative agents].	nine hundred seventy cases of childhood bacterial meningitis treated at 107 institutions in japan from 1979 through 1984 were studied using questionnaire. the number of cases that underwent antimicrobial monotherapy remained nearly constant during the study period, but cases of therapies with beta-lactam combined with aminoglycosides (ags) decreased in number and a gradual increase in the use of beta-lactam combined with non-ags antibiotics including beta-lactam (non ags) was observed. a trend s ...	1987	3613093
intravenous gammaglobulin therapy for prophylaxis of infection in high-risk neonates.	the safety and effectiveness of intravenously administered gammaglobulin therapy for prophylaxis of infection was evaluated in 133 high-risk neonates. the infants were stratified into two groups: infants with birth weight less than or equal to 1500 g and gestational age less than or equal to 34 weeks, and infants with birth weight greater than 1500 g and receiving intensive care and assisted ventilation. forty-three infants in group 1 and 25 in group 2 were given gammaglobulin at a dose of 0.5 g ...	1987	3102711
an audit of the effect of two cord-care regimens on bacterial colonization in newborn infants.	proper care of the umbilical cord of newborn infants may prevent later infections. when st joseph's hospital in hamilton, ontario, started using alcohol instead of triple dye for umbilical cord care, there was a dramatic increase in the incidence of bacterial colonization in newborns in the nursery and, later, in the number of cases of staphylococcus-related skin infections in infants born at the hospital. follow-up on 1,545 infants revealed that triple dye was significantly more effective than ...	1987	3106874
reduction of group b streptococcal maternal and neonatal infections in preterm pregnancies with premature rupture of membranes through a rapid identification test.	to establish the effect of rapid detection and chemoprophylaxis of group b streptococcal genital colonization in preterm gestations with premature rupture of membranes, 260 singleton pregnancies were cultured. through the use of a rapid test based on coagulation methods, group b streptococcus was identified in 84 (32%) patients, of which 18 (7%) had heavily colonized infections. the treatment of 36 patients resulted in no cases of chorioamnionitis or neonatal sepsis compared with 11 (23%) cases ...	1987	3300343
[prevention of gram-negative and gram-positive infections with 3 intravenous immunoglobulin preparations and therapy of experimental polymicrobial burn infection with intravenous pseudomonas immunoglobulin g and ciprofloxacin in an animal model].	three immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous infusion were compared in vivo to determine their relative protective capacity against several gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. polyglobin n is a conventional igg concentrate. psomaglobin n is identical in formulation to polyglobin n but is prepared from the plasma of donors who have naturally high levels of antibody to lipopolysaccharide antigens of pseudomonas aeruginosa. iggma is a conventional igg concentrate containing 12% igg and ...	1987	3112021
[trial of screening test for prevention on neonatal infections due to group b streptococcus].		1987	3117944
[morphological changes in the neuroendocrine system during experimental infection of animals with l-forms of group b streptococcus].	white rats and mice were subjected to a single intraperitoneal inoculation with a stable l-form of streptococcus b (strain 090). the hypothalamus, hypophysis and adrenal cortex of the animals were subsequently studied during one year. progressive degenerative, inflammatory, necrotic and sclerotic changes found in the system hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenals were due to the bacteria persistence in these organs leading to the disturbance of hormonal homeostasis and development of the system deficie ...	1987	3304224
location of antibiotic resistance markers in clinical isolates of enterococcus faecalis with similar antibiotypes.	eight wild-type strains of enterococcus faecalis, resistant to chloramphenicol (cmr), erythromycin (emr), tetracycline (tcr), and minocycline (mnr), were examined for the genetic basis of their antibiotic resistance, five of the strains transferred all of their antibiotic resistance markers by conjugation, while the other three strains transferred only tcr and mnr. cmr and emr determinants were localized by dna-dna hybridization experiments, in which the cmr gene of plasmid pip501, of group b st ...	1987	3118797
bacterial capsular polysaccharides--biochemistry, immunity and vaccine.	the biochemical basis of immunogenicity to bacterial capsular polysaccharides (pss) has been extensively studied. antibody responses to ps antigens can be greatly affected by their physico-chemical properties, e.g. molecular size, specific determinants, conformation etc. at present, three bacterial ps vaccines, including meningococcal, pneumococcal, and h. influenzae type b, have been licensed in the u.s.a. many other pss, such as group b streptococcus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella, are ...	1987	3119993
group b streptococcal soft tissue infections beyond the neonatal period.	in one year sporadic soft tissue infections due to group b streptococci were identified in 37 patients beyond the neonatal period. serious underlying conditions were present in 25 patients (68%), including 17 (46%) who had diabetes mellitus and 4 (11%) with paraplegia. unlike previous reports, 12 patients (32%) were previously healthy. infection developed in 8 persons as a result of minor trauma. the mean age of the normal hosts was 20.9 years, whereas the mean age of patients with underlying di ...	1987	3321710
inhibition of neutrophil response by mepacrine.	clinical and experimental evidence supports neutrophil involvement in the pulmonary complications of adult respiratory distress syndrome. preliminary evidence indicates that mepacrine salvages pulmonary function in experimental models of adult respiratory distress syndrome, possibly by inhibiting neutrophil activation [e. m. canham et al., am. rev. resp. dis. 127, 594 (1983)]. this study examines the effect of mepacrine on neutrophil responses involved in pulmonary dysfunction associated with ad ...	1987	3036163
transposon mutagenesis of group b streptococcus beta-hemolysin biosynthesis.	beta-hemolysin production by group b streptococci (gbs) is speculated to be a major virulence factor of the organism. a virulent, beta-hemolytic group b streptococcus strain was mutagenized with the self-conjugative transposon tn916 to derive isogenic strains with mutations only in the gene(s) responsible for beta-hemolysin biosynthesis. there was no significant difference between the virulence of the parent strain and that of the mutant strains in a neonatal rat sepsis model.	1987	3040595
in vitro inhibition of group b streptococcus-induced polymorphonuclear leukocyte aggregation.	evidence suggests that part of the pathophysiologic response seen in group b streptococcal (gbs) sepsis may be due to polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn) activation. indomethacin (indo), which inhibits eicosanoid metabolism, attenuates the pathophysiologic response stimulated by gbs, possibly due to inhibition of pmn aggregation. we examined the capability of two eicosanoid metabolism inhibitors, indo and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (ndga), to inhibit pmn aggregation induced by heat-inactivated opso ...	1987	3032792
transposon mutagenesis of type iii group b streptococcus: correlation of capsule expression with virulence.	the capsular polysaccharide of type iii group b streptococcus (gbs) is thought to be a major factor in the virulence of this organism. transposon mutagenesis was used to obtain isogenic strains of a gbs serotype iii clinical isolate (coh 31r/s) with site-specific mutations in the gene(s) responsible for capsule production. the self-conjugative transposon tn916 was transferred to strain coh 31r/s during incubation with streptococcus faecalis strain cg110 on membrane filters. eleven transconjugant ...	1987	2823254
clinical evaluation of efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and safety of teicoplanin for serious gram-positive infections.	nineteen patients hospitalized for serious gram-positive infections were treated with teicoplanin, a new glycopeptide antibiotic. a variety of infections were treated, including endocarditis, septic thrombophlebitis, osteomyelitis, pyogenic arthritis, and soft tissue infection. of 13 infections that could be evaluated in 12 patients, there were 8 clinical cures, 2 improvements, 1 recurrence, and 2 failures. of the eight patients with staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, seven were clinically cured ...	1987	2952062
comparative in-vitro activity of ly146032 and eight other antibiotics against gram-positive bacteria isolated from children.	ly146032, a cyclic peptide antibiotic active against many gram-positive bacteria, was compared to methicillin, vancomycin, clindamycin, cefuroxime and gentamicin against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible strains of staphylococcus aureus and staph. epidermidis. ly146032 was uniformly active against clinical isolates of staphylococci, inhibiting 90% of strains of staph. aureus and staph. epidermidis at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l. vancomycin was slightly less active than ly146032 a ...	1987	2822647
bacteroides fragilis lipopolysaccharide and group b streptococcus serotype ii glycocalyx have a common major antigenic determinant.	a monoclonal antibody (mab) to the beta-1-6-linked digalactose structure in the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of bacteroides fragilis reacted with 47 of 416 group b streptococcus (gbs) strains tested by an immunofluorescence technique (if). the reactivity of mab was, with a few exceptions, limited to type ii gbs. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that an antigen purified by immunoaffinity chromatography using mab from type ii gbs contained galactose, glucose and fatty acids. ...	1988	2458746
specificity of monoclonal antibodies against group b streptococcus type ii and inhibition of their binding by human secretions.	mouse monoclonal antibodies against the type-specific polysaccharide antigen of type ii group b streptococcus may be divided into two general groups based on their antigen-binding properties. one group of antibodies binds to both intact and desialylated type ii antigen and the binding can be inhibited by beta-galactopyranosides. the second group of antibodies react only with intact type ii polysaccharide and are not inhibited by beta-galactopyranosides. the binding of antibodies of the first gro ...	1988	2457865
evidence for hydroxyl radical involvement in group b streptococcus-induced pulmonary hypertension and arterial hypoxemia in young piglets.	early onset neonatal gbs infection is associated with pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary edema, and arterial hypoxemia. although the mechanisms underlying these cardiopulmonary disturbances are not completely understood, multiple lines of evidence suggest that inflammatory mediators may be involved. this study examined the actions of dimethylthiourea (dmtu), a relatively selective scavenger of hydroxyl radical, on gbs-induced pulmonary hypertension, arterial hypoxemia, and pulmonary edema formati ...	1988	2849747
tn916 delta e: a tn916 transposon derivative expressing erythromycin resistance.	the tetracycline resistance gene encoded within the transposon tn916 was replaced with the gene encoding erythromycin resistance from the plasmid pva838. the derivative transposon of tn916 was designated tn916 delta e and was introduced into the streptococcus faecalis chromosome by protoplast transformation. the conjugation/transposition functions of tn916 delta e were similar to those observed for tn916 in s. faecalis and tn916 delta e was capable of self-conjugation at frequencies similar to t ...	1988	2853393
simultaneous recovery of bacterial and viral pathogens from cerebrospinal fluid.	mixed bacterial infection in meningitis is well-documented, but there have been few previous reports of mixed viral-bacterial meningitis. a retrospective analysis of the bacterial and viral cerebrospinal fluid (csf) cultures from a 1-year period in a 315-bed children's hospital revealed 5 patients with mixed viral-bacterial meningitis among 276 patients with viral and/or bacterial culture-positive meningitis. these 5 accounted for 2.8% of the patients with positive csf viral cultures and 4.8% of ...	1988	2845346
lung antibacterial defense mechanisms in infant and adult rats: implications for the pathogenesis of group b streptococcal infections in the neonatal lung.	we investigated factors that may contribute to lung infections in infants by studying the intrapulmonary responses to aerosols of three different types of organisms--group b streptococcus with and without type-specific capsule, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus--in infant (12-h-old or 24-36-h-old) and adult (150 g, 6-w-old) rats. after aerosol exposure, the lung clearance rate of each organism varied inversely with the age of the animals, and the magnitude of the clearance defect ...	1988	3275727
immunization of pregnant women with a polysaccharide vaccine of group b streptococcus.	immunization of pregnant women with a polysaccharide vaccine of group b streptococcus is a promising strategy for the prevention of perinatal infections caused by group b streptococci. to explore the feasibility of this strategy, we vaccinated 40 pregnant women at a mean gestation of 31 weeks with a single 50-microgram dose of the type iii capsular polysaccharide of group b streptococcus. the only adverse effect detected was a mild local reaction in nine women (22 percent). of the 35 women with ...	1988	3050524
fibronectin and age-limited susceptibility to type iii, group b streptococcus.		1988	3042880
seroepidemiology of group b streptococcus type ii antibody specificity.	the specificity of human antibodies for the two major sidechain determinants of the type ii group b streptococcal (gbs) polysaccharide was examined in 90 pairs of maternal and cord sera. using an elisa system, total antibody was measured against the complete (sialylated) type ii antigen and the proportion of antibody against the galactose determinant was estimated by inhibition with free beta-methylgalactopyranoside. mothers colonized by type ii or by other gbs types had higher levels of total s ...	1988	3053221
group b streptococcal sepsis in adults and infants. contrasts and comparisons.	group b streptococcal infection may result in significant morbidity and mortality in both infants and adults. the experience with group b streptococcal disease was analyzed at one medical center over a ten-year period from 1975 to 1984. streptococcus agalactiae bacteremia was observed in 29 adults and 26 infants, with an attack rate of 0.2 cases per 1000 adult admissions and 3.2 cases per 1000 live births, respectively. the majority of adult infections apparently occurred as a result of nosocomi ...	1988	3277572
necrotizing fasciitis in adults due to group b streptococcus. report of a case and review of the literature.	necrotizing fasciitis is an uncommon severe infection involving subcutaneous tissues and advancing along fascial planes. group b streptococcal infections occur disproportionately in diabetics and pregnant women. although fasciitis secondary to group b streptococcus has been described in infants and adult women in the postpartum period, we report the first case, to our knowledge, of group b streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis in an adult diabetic unrelated to obstetric complications.	1988	3277575
demonstration of opsonic and protective activity of human cord sera against type iii group b streptococcus that are independent of type-specific antibody.	in an effort to further understand the host defense against group b streptococcus (gbs), we examined 71 human cord sera for their content of type iii gbs igg antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and correlated the results with opsonic and protective activity against type iii gbs. most cord sera (67%) containing greater than 0.1 microgram/ml of type iii gbs igg antibody promoted phagocytosis and killing in vitro and protection against type iii gbs in neonatal rats. however, 26% of cord s ...	1988	3060825
properties of high and low density subpopulations of group b streptococci: enhanced virulence of the low density variant.	from the group b streptococcus (gbs) reference strain 090 la colindale two subpopulations, which differed markedly regarding their capacities for biosynthesis of type-specific polysaccharide, were obtained by separation on a hypotonic percoll density gradient. in the original strain and the high and low density variants, there was a negative correlation between buoyant density and bio-synthesis of type-specific polysaccharide as determined by ultrastructure and quantitative assays. the invasiven ...	1988	3070266
management of preterm premature rupture of membranes.	in conclusion, the suggested management for prom follows two general principles. the first principle, which is accepted by most, consists of searching for a positive history of prom, confirming prom (by speculum examination, pooling, positive nitrazine testing, and ferning), and obtaining cervical and vaginal cultures (for group b streptococcus/gonococcus and chlamydia). if free-flowing fluid from the cervix is seen, or if pooling is present, a sample should be sent for l-s and pg analysis. the ...	1988	3061702
recto-vaginal colonization and urinary tract infection by group b streptococcus in the pregnant diabetic patient.	the influence of maternal diabetes on group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization and gbs urinary infection was investigated. the population under study comprised 1,050 pregnant women (70 of them diabetics, the remaining 980 non-diabetics). a higher prevalence of gbs colonization was found among diabetics (20% versus 10.9%) (p less than 0.05). the rate of colonization was not correlated to the severity of the diabetes condition. urinary infection was diagnosed on 8.6% of diabetic patients, versus 7 ...	1988	3073623
[fundamental and clinical evaluations of ceftriaxone in neonates].	the antibacterial efficacy of ceftriaxone (ctrx) against group b streptococcus and its clinical efficacy in newborns were examined, and the results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. mic's of ctrx against 55 strains of b group streptococcus from the pregnant vagina were 0.10 micrograms/ml or lower. 2. efficacies of ctrx were good to excellent in 8 cases administered for treatment, 3 cases for prophylaxis and 1 for observation of adverse reactions. observed adverse reactions included diarrhea ...	1988	3286923
[hemolytic group b streptococcus in cervico-vaginal secretions].	the group b streptococcus can be an etiological agent of newborn's infections and vaginitis. therefore, we evaluated the statistical incidence of this microorganism in vaginal swabs of 1403 non-selected subjects. we isolated this streptococcus in 12.3% samples and it was present in 26.3% of positive cultures. our study confirms the elevate incidence of this microorganism and suggests the opportunity of this research in pregnancy monitoring and in gynaecological flogosis.	1988	3077475
latex agglutination test in the diagnosis of group b streptococcus and of haemophilus influenzae type b infections.		1988	3078478
beta-haemolytic group a, b, c and g streptococcal septicaemia: a clinical study.	87 beta-haemolytic streptococcal septicaemias in adult patients during 1979-86 in a university hospital were reviewed. 25% were caused by group a streptococcus, 17% by group b, 14% by group c and 44% by group g streptococcus. 67% of the septicaemias due to group b streptococcus were nosocomial, whereas the group a, c or g septicaemias were in most cases community-acquired. alcoholism was the most common underlying disease in group a (32%) and malignancy in group g streptococcal septicaemias (45% ...	1988	3041561
multiantennary group-specific polysaccharide of group b streptococcus.	the group-specific antigen of group b streptococcus is composed of four different oligosaccharide units of mw 766 (iii), 1277 (ii), 1462 (iv), and 1788 (i). the major constituent sugars of the oligosaccharides are alpha-l-rhamnopyranose, alpha-d-galactopyranose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranosyl, and d-glucitol except that iii does not contain alpha-d-galactopyranosyl or 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranosyl residues and iv contains no d-glucitol but has one additional beta-l-rhamnop ...	1988	3048399
a polyclonal human igg preparation hyperimmune for type iii, group b streptococcus: in vitro opsonophagocytic activity and efficacy in experimental models.	neonates at risk for disease due to type iii, group b streptococcus (iii-gbs) are those born with low serum levels of transplacentally derived, specific iii-gbs antibody. specific antibody is also required in vitro for opsonophagocytosis of iii-gbs. commercially available human immune serum globulins contain only moderate levels of iii-gbs antibody. in the present study, igg that was isolated from the serum of a human volunteer after vaccination with iii-gbs polysaccharide contained very high le ...	1988	3049837
group b streptococcus and preterm rupture of membranes.	the effect of cervical group b streptococcus on the conservative management of preterm premature rupture of membranes was examined in 140 consecutive patients. upon the patient's admission, we obtained cervical cultures for group b streptococcus, genital mycoplasmas, and chlamydia. patients with and without group b streptococcus were compared. group b streptococcus patients had earlier rupture of membranes (30.7 versus 31.6 weeks) and shorter latent periods (76.8 versus 138.5 hours). intra-amnio ...	1988	3275914