Publications

[isolation of atmospheric-nitrogen-fixing spirilla from the waters of the paraná delta and other rivers].	seventeen strains of spirillum-like organisms (2) were isolated from the parana delta and other rivers (table 1), using the following medium: 0.5% malic acid; 0.4% koh; 0.5% k2hpo4; 0.005% yeast extract; ph was adjusted to 7 with koh and 0.15% agar. the organisms produced a white, dense and sub-superficial pellicle in this medium, and streaking them on plates, single colonies could be isolated. they were easily recognized thanks to the congo red added to the medium, because the bacteria, as it h ...	1984	6400725
elemental composition of bacterial metachromatic inclusions determined by electron microprobe x-ray analysis.	electron microscopy and microprobe x-ray analysis were used to study metachromatic inclusions of spirillum itersonii , corynebacterium diphtheriae, and micrococcus luteus. in situ metachromatic inclusions were electron dense and contained phosphorus and divalent cations. metachromatic inclusions isolated by anion-exchange column chromatography and by isoosmolar metrizamide density gradient centrifugation were similar in composition to in situ inclusions.	1984	6427179
substrate utilization by an oxalate-consuming spirillum species in relation to its growth in ozonated water.	the nutritional versatility of a vibrio-shaped, oxalate-utilizing isolate, strain nox, obtained from tap water supplied with low concentrations of formate, glyoxylate, and oxalate, was determined by growth experiments with low-molecular-weight carbon compounds at high (grams per liter) and very low (micrograms per liter) concentrations. the organism, which was identified as a spirillum species, appeared to be specialized in the utilization of a number of carboxylic acids. yields of 2.9 x 10 cfu/ ...	1984	16346493
"intestinal spirochaetosis" of the vervet monkey.	electron microscopy revealed that 80% of captured vervet monkeys, held in quarantine for experimental use, showed extensive proliferation of spiral-shaped bacteria on the mucosal epithelium of the large bowel. a consortium, consisting of a predominant spirillum together with a spirochaete, was usually seen as a lawn covering the colonic epithelium. sparsely populated areas showed preferential colonization of the tubular glands. pathological changes were minimal, being confined to the microvillus ...	1985	3925404
electron microscopic observations of structures associated with the flagella of spirillum volutans.	electron microscopy of thin-sectioned spirillum volutans (atcc 19554) showed that at the insertion site of the flagellum there was a cylindrical structure with a diameter of ca. 36 nm which extended ca. 19 nm into the cytoplasm. this structure, termed a cytoplasmic flagellar base, enclosed a central rod which was continuous with the hook. there was a continuation of the flagellar base into the peptidoglycan layer, enclosing ringlike structures and the central rod. the flagellar hook and proximal ...	1985	3972771
unusual cellular fatty acids and distinctive ultrastructure in a new spiral bacterium (campylobacter pyloridis) from the human gastric mucosa.	spiral bacteria, named campylobacter pyloridis, were obtained from endoscopic biopsies of the gastric antrum of 14 patients with active chronic gastritis. methyl esters of their cellular fatty acids were prepared by acid-catalysed transmethylation of whole cells. their major fatty acids were tetradecanoic acid (14:0) and cis-9,10-methyleneoctadecanoic acid (19:0 delta), with a very small amount of hexadecanoic acid (16:0). this is markedly different from the fatty acids of other campylobacter sp ...	1985	3981612
intestinal microbial flora after feeding phytohemagglutinin lectins (phaseolus vulgaris) to rats.	incorporation of purified phytohemagglutinin (pha) lectins derived from red kidney beans (phaseolus vulgaris) in the diet of weanling rats will cause growth failure, malabsorption of nutrients, and bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine. these effects are not caused by feeding a similar quantity of pha to germfree rats. to define the morphological and bacterial changes on the mucosal surfaces of the jejunum, ileum, and cecum in greater detail, we pair fed two groups of weanling rats isocalo ...	1985	4026292
microtox and spirillum volutans tests for assessing toxicity of environmental samples.		1985	4052646
an ultrastructural study of the gastric campylobacter-like organism 'campylobacter pyloridis'.	microaerophilic spiral organisms may be isolated frequently from samples of gastric mucus taken from patients undergoing gastroscopy. the ultrastructure of these gastric campylobacter-like organisms ('campylobacter pyloridis') shows that they have greater affinities with spirillum than with campylobacter.	1985	4067580
restriction endonucleases in azospirillum.	azospirillum brasilense, a. amazonense, and a. lipoferum strains were screened for restriction endonucleases using phage lambda dna. the extract of a. brasilense 29711 cleaved lambda dna into specific fragments. it was concluded that this strain possesses a class ii restriction endonuclease which was named abri. abri has a single recognition site on lambda dna at position of approx. 33 500 bp. abri was characterized as an isoschizomer of xhoi, which cuts lambda dna at 33 498 bp and cleaves doubl ...	1985	3000892
microaerophily and oxygen toxicity.		1986	3535642
three-dimensional structure of the surface layer protein of aquaspirillum serpens vha determined by electron crystallography.	the three-dimensional structure of the protein which forms the s layer of aquaspirillum serpens strain vha has been determined by electron microscopy. structures have been reconstructed to a resolution of about 1.6 nm for single-layered specimens and about 4 nm for two-layered specimens. the structure, which has hexagonal symmetry, consists of a core in the shape of a cup, with six projections arising from the rim of the cup to join adjacent subunits at the threefold symmetry axes. the model is ...	1986	3745114
determination of the spiral conformation of aquaspirillum spp. by scanning electron microscopy of elongated cells induced by cephalexin treatment.	the effect of the beta-lactam antibiotic cephalexin on the spiral conformation of cells of aquaspirillum spp. was examined by scanning electron microscopy. a. itersonii and a. peregrinum, which are known to have a left-handed spiral shape, elongated and still showed left-handed spirals in medium containing cephalexin. the spiral conformation of the elongated cells is therefore considered to represent the natural condition. the spiral conformations of a. metamorphum and a. psychrophilum grown in ...	1986	3531396
evolution of the regulatory isozymes of 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase present in the escherichia coli genealogy.	the evolutionary history of isozymes for 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (dahp) synthase has been constructed in a phylogenetic cluster of procaryotes (superfamily b) that includes escherichia coli. members of superfamily b that have been positioned on a phylogenetic tree by oligonucleotide cataloging possess one or more of four distinct isozymes of dahp synthase. dahp synthase-0 is insensitive to feedback inhibition, while dahp synthase-tyr, dahp synthase-trp, and dahp synthase-phe ...	1986	2867085
cloning and characterization of the glna gene of azospirillum brasilense sp7.	a plasmid which, by complementation, restored a gln+nif+ phenotype to the gln-nif- azospirillum brasilense mutant 7029, was isolated from a gene bank of total dna of a. brasilense sp7 (atcc 29145) constructed in the broad host range vector pvk100. this plasmid contained the structural gene (glna) for glutamine synthetase. the glna gene was mapped by tn5 insertion and dna hybridization with a klebsiella pneumoniae glna probe. the direction of transcription of glna was determined. the glna product ...	1986	2893582
the soluble c-type cytochromes from the bacterium aquaspirillum itersonii. the complete amino acid sequence of the cytochrome c-550.	a complete amino acid sequence is proposed for the cytochrome c-550 isolated from the gram-negative chemo-organotrophic bacterium aquaspirillum itersonii. the sequence, a single polypeptide chain of 111 residues, was deduced from the sequences of peptides obtained by tryptic, thermolytic or chymotryptic digestion. the cytochrome shows a high degree of sequence homology with the cytochrome c2 from the photosynthetic bacterium rhodospirillum rubrum, and the evolutionary implications of this are co ...	1987	3036517
purification and properties of the soluble cytochromes c-550 and c-556 from the bacterium aquaspirillum itersonii.	two c-type cytochromes were isolated from cells of the gram-negative bacterium aquaspirillum itersonii grown under low aeration in the presence of nitrate. the major component, cytochrome c-550, was equated with the (single) c-type cytochrome previously reported to be present in this organism [clark-walker, g. d. & lascelles, j. (1970) arch. biochem. biophys. 136, 153-159], although a significantly higher molecular mass was apparent in the present work. the complete amino acid sequence of this c ...	1987	3036516
experimental infection and abortion of pregnant guinea pigs with a unique spirillum-like bacterium isolated from aborted ovine fetuses.	study was made of the pathogenicity of a spirillum-like, anaerobic, gram-negative bacterium, originally isolated from aborted lambs, for pregnant guinea pigs. reproducible conditions for propagation and preservation of the bacterium were determined as requisite for the preparation of cultures for animal inoculation. a preliminary experiment was done with 10 pregnant guinea pigs to test for an infective dose of organisms that would produce abortion. high-passage cultures (n = 50) were used to ino ...	1987	3826849
gastric spirillosis in beagles.	light microscopic, ultrastructural, and microbiologic evaluations were performed on stomachs from 30 healthy laboratory-reared beagles. spiral-shaped microorganisms were seen in the gastric glands and parietal cell canaliculi of all the dogs. organisms were most numerous in the cardia and in the region of the fundic-pyloric junction. lymphoreticular hyperplasia, dilatation of parietal cell canaliculi, and degeneration of individual parietal cells (rarely seen) were the only morphologic alteratio ...	1987	3592386
construction of a gene library from azospirillum brasilense and characterization of a recombinant containing the nif structural genes.	1. we have constructed a gene library, from azospirillum brasilense using the vector embl4. 2. a recombinant containing the nif structural genes from a. brasilense was isolated and characterized. this recombinant contains a dna insert of about 15 kilobases (kb) which gives rise to five fragments after cleavage with ecori. only one of the dna fragments (6.5 kb) hybridized to the nifhdk genes of klebsiella pneumoniae. 3. the organization of the nif genes in this dna fragment was determined using d ...	1987	2837298
bacteremia with anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens.	anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens is a motile, spiral anaerobic bacterium with bipolar tufts of flagella. reports of clinical illness due to a. succiniciproducens are rare. in a retrospective review of anaerobic isolates referred to the centers for disease control (cdc) from january 1, 1975, through january 31, 1986, isolates of a. succiniciproducens from the blood of 21 patients were identified. a single patient whose blood isolate had not been received at cdc was included in the review. th ...	1987	3326122
bacterial surface proteins. some structural, functional and evolutionary aspects.	the structure of several eubacterial and archaebacterial surface (glyco)proteins as determined by three-dimensional electron microscopy is described. particular emphasis is placed on surface proteins which interact with membranes. some structure-function relationships deduced from the structural information, such as shape maintenance and molecular recognition phenomena, are discussed.	1988	3129041
isolation and characterization of azospirillum brasilense loci that correct rhizobium meliloti exob and exoc mutations.	the occurrence in azospirillum brasilense of genes that code for exopolysaccharide (eps) synthesis was investigated through complementation studies of rhizobium meliloti exo- mutants. these mutants are deficient in the synthesis of the major acidic eps of rhizobium species and form empty, non-nitrogen-fixing root nodules on alfalfa (j. a. leigh, e. r. signer, and g. c. walker, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 82:6231-6235, 1985). we demonstrated that the exoc mutation of r. meliloti could be corrected ...	1988	3182731
asei, a restriction endonuclease from aquaspirillum serpens which recognizes 5'at--taat3'.		1988	3264065
the ultrastructure and atpase nature of polar membrane in campylobacter jejuni.	polar membrane in campylobacter jejuni has been visualized on membrane vesicles. it was composed of doughnut-shaped particles 5-6 nm in diameter, with stalks, arranged in a hexagonal array. this structure was stabilized on the membrane by a high ionic strength buffer in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. histochemical staining indicated localized atpase activity at the poles of the cells. an atpase with distinctive properties has been isolated and purified from this organism; it gives a specific ...	1988	2974756
gastrospirillum hominis.		1989	2569058
ultrastructure of another spiral organism associated with human gastritis.	campylobacter pylori may not be the only organism that causes active chronic gastritis in man. we report two cases of gastric infection with a spiral organism distinct from c. pylori. the first patient is a 36-year-old female who presented with epigastric pain and abdominal colic present since childhood and who had 14 cats. endoscopy was normal. the second patient kept two dogs. histology of gastric mucosal biopsy specimens in both patients revealed active chronic gastritis, most severe in body ...	1989	2582989
a model for swimming unipolar spirilla.	a mathematical model employing slender body theory is constructed for a unipolar spirillum volutans cell with the model cell allowed to move unconstrainedly in the fluid. the results are compared with observation and previous studies and the effects of varying cell dimensions are investigated.	1989	2593689
azospirillum irakense sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with rice roots and rhizosphere soil.	a new species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, azospirillum irakense, was found associated with roots and the rhizosphere of rice in the region of diwaniyah (qadisya), iraq. the seven isolates, on which the species description is based, have vibrioid to s-shaped cells with one polar flagellum in liquid medium. additional lateral flagella are seen on cells grown on nutrient agar. poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate granules are present in cells. nitrogen fixation occurs in microaerobic conditions. the phenotyp ...	1989	2626596
membrane protein patterns of three azospirillum species and herbaspirillum seropedicae.	membrane protein patterns in sds-page clearly characterized azospirillum amazonense, a. brasilense, a. lipoferum, and herbaspirillum seropedicae. each species showed also a typical major band with approximate molecular weights (amws) of 44, 39.5, 35.5, and 37.5 kdaltons for the four species respectively. characteristic lighter bands with amws of 63.5 and 19 kdaltons were shown by a. amazonense. similar bands of 54, 24 and 24.5 kdaltons were typical of a. brazilense, a. lipoferum and h. seropedic ...	1989	2629550
cloning of histidine genes of azospirillum brasilense: organization of the abfh gene cluster and nucleotide sequence of the hisb gene.	a cluster of four azospirillum brasilense histidine biosynthetic genes, hisa, hisb, hisf and hish, was identified on a 4.5 kb dna fragment and its organization studied by complementation analysis of escherichia coli mutations and nucleotide sequence. the nucleotide sequence of a 1.3 kb fragment that complemented the e. coli hisb mutation was determined and an orf of 624 nucleotides which can code for a protein of 207 amino acids was identified. a significant base sequence homology with the carbo ...	1989	2664449
periplasmic superoxide dismutases in aquaspirillum magnetotacticum.	aquaspirillum magnetotacticum ms-1 cells cultured microaerobically (dissolved o2 tension 1% of saturation), expressed proteins with superoxide dismutase (sod) activity. the majority (roughly 95%) of total cell superoxide dismutase activity was located in the cell periplasm with little or no activity in the cell cytoplasm. iron-type sod (fesod) contributed 88% of the total activity activity detected, although a manganese-type sod (mnsod) was present in the periplasm as well. cells cultured at a h ...	1989	2684080
assessment of toxicant activity in sediments by the echa biocide monitor.	the echa biocide monitor, a dipstick procedure originally designed to test the effectiveness of in situ biocides, was evaluated as a possible environmental toxicity assessment procedure. the dipstick procedure was applied to 94 sediment extracts which were also tested by three well documented toxicant screening procedures; microtox, daphnia magna and spirillum volutans. in these samples the daphnia magna test proved to be the most sensitive indication of toxicant activity (63 of 94) with the ech ...	1989	15092462
a small animal model of human helicobacter pylori active chronic gastritis.	isolation of a spiral-shaped bacterium closely related to helicobacter pylori from the cat stomach made it possible to investigate new small animal models of gastric infection. pure cultures of this bacterium, provisionally named "helicobacter felis," were fed to germ-free mice. the organism colonized the stomach in large numbers in mucus and deep in the gastric pits and showed the same gastric trophism found with h. pylori. significant histopathology was seen in all h. felis-infected mice. at 2 ...	1990	2210240
[human chronic gastritis associated with non-helicobacter pylori spiral organisms (gastrospirillum hominis). four cases and review of the literature].	four cases of human active chronic gastritis associated with gastrospirillum hominis, a recently described spiral shaped organism are presented. these 4 cases originated from a series of 1976 consecutive gastric biopsies, i.e. a prevalence of 0.25 percent in our material, are compared with helicobacter pylori prevalence of 45 percent. histopathological findings were chronic active gastritis with mild or no atrophy. electron microscopy showed spiral bacteria with terminal flagellae, identical to ...	1990	2276559
expression of the agrobacterium tumefaciens chvb virulence region in azospirillum spp.	inner membranes of azospirillum brasilense incubated with udp-glucose were unable to synthesize beta-(1-2) glucan and lacked the 235-kilodalton intermediate protein known to be involved in the synthesis of beta-(1-2) glucan in agrobacterium tumefaciens and rhizobium meliloti. inner membranes of a. brasilense strains carrying a cosmid containing the chromosomal virulence genes chva and chvb of agrobacterium tumefaciens formed beta-(1-2) glucan in vitro and synthesized the 235-kilodalton intermedi ...	1990	2332404
spiral organisms: what are they? a microbiologic introduction to helicobacter pylori.	the stomach provides a hostile environment to most microorganisms owing to the antibacterial effect of gastric acidity. however, over the period of mammalian evolution a highly specialized group of bacteria has evolved to inhabit the gastric mucosa. the common features of these bacteria that allow survival in the stomach and colonization of their natural ecologic niche, mucus, are a specialized form of motility, microaerophilism, and very high activity of the enzyme urease. other important adapt ...	1991	1775930
phylogenetic analysis of aquaspirillum magnetotacticum using polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16s rrna-specific dna.	the 16s rrna gene of the magnetotactic magnetogen aquaspirillum magnetotacticum ms1 was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction, using two eubacterial consensus oligodeoxynucleotide primers flanking the majority of the 16s rrna gene, cloned, and sequenced. phylogenetic analysis revealed that a. magnetotacticum ms1 belongs to the alpha-group of proteobacteria. this assignment offers perspective on the biochemical properties of a. magnetotacticum, since this organism is expected to have the gener ...	1991	1854644
[production of magnetic material by magnetic bacteria].		1991	1875093
electroporation and conjugal plasmid transfer to members of the genus aquaspirillum.	electroporation methods and conjugal matings were used to transfer several plasmid vectors to aquaspirillum dispar and aquaspirillum itersonii. the incompatibility p class plasmid rp4 was conjugally transferred from escherichia coli hb101 to these spirilla, and the transconjugants subsequently donated the molecule to plasmid-free e. coli and a. dispar strains via conjugal matings. high-voltage electrotransformation was used to transfer plasmids pucd2, psa151 and rp4 to a. dispar and a. itersonii ...	1991	1907445
helicobacter felis gastritis in gnotobiotic rats: an animal model of helicobacter pylori gastritis.	the gastric spirillum helicobacter felis, originally isolated from the cat stomach, colonizes the stomachs of germfree rats. studies were designed to examine the pathological and serological responses of germfree rats inoculated orally with h. felis. at 2 weeks postinoculation, the gastric mucosa of germfree rats had lymphocytes and eosinophils scattered in small foci throughout the subglandular region of the antrum. small numbers of lymphocytes were present in the subglandular portion of the an ...	1991	1997430
identification of a promoter dependent on nifa and sigma 54 upstream of nifh in azospirillum lipoferum.	southern hybridization experiments strongly indicate that the regulatory region of the azospirillum lipoferum nifh gene is located on a cloned 1.1 kb bamhi-xhoi restriction fragment. by cloning this fragment into a promoter-probe plasmid in escherichia coli, a promoter was identified oriented towards the nifh gene. using a set of several bacterial strains and plasmids, both nifa and the alternative sigma factor, sigma 54, from klebsiella pneumoniae were shown to be required for the induction of ...	1991	2046661
investigations on microbial sulfur respiration. isolation, purification, and characterization of cellular components from spirillum 5175.	the sulfur-reducing bacterium spirillum 5175 was investigated with regard to membrane constituents that might be part of the sulfur oxidoreductase which converts elemental sulfur to hydrogen sulfide. regardless of the electron acceptor used for cultivation of the bacteria, i.e. elemental sulfur, fumarate, or nitrate (sp. 5175s,f,n), the qualitative pattern of cytochromes and fe-s proteins did not change significantly, as documented by ultraviolet/visible and electron paramagnetic resonance spect ...	1991	1847872
cristispira from oyster styles: complex morphology of large symbiotic spirochetes.	crystalline styles (digestive organs) of bivalve mollusks provide the habitat for highly motile bacteria. styles from freshly-collected oysters, crassostrea virginica, were studied by electron microscopy; cristispira spirochetes were abundant in these organs. detailed study reveals these spirochetes to be among the most complex prokaryotic cells known. more than 600 periplasmic flagella and an adhering outer lipoprotein membrane (e.g., a 270 degrees sillon) form the ultrastructural basis for ...	1991	11538110
gene transfer in magnetic bacteria: transposon mutagenesis and cloning of genomic dna fragments required for magnetosome synthesis.	broad-host-range incp and incq plasmids have been transferred to the aerobic magnetic bacterium aquaspirillum sp. strain amb-1. conjugal matings with escherichia coli s17-1 allowed high-frequency transfer of the rk2 derivative prk415 (4.5 x 10(-3) transconjugant per recipient cell) and the rsf1010 derivative pkt230 (3.0 x 10(-3) transconjugant per recipient). these plasmids successfully formed autonomous replicons in transconjugants and could be isolated and transformed back into e. coli, illust ...	1992	1314800
rat bite fever: a case report of a kenyan.	rat bite fever has not been reported from kenya previously. a case of 17 year old kenyan male who was diagnosed to have rat bite fever after a bite of domestic rat is described. the history, clinical features and demonstration of spirillum like organisms from a thick blood film suggest infection due to spirillum minus. the patient recovered completely after a course of penicillin and gentamicin.	1992	1286642
[sodoku--a case report].	rat-bite fever results from an infection with the organism spirillum minus. the authors report a symptomatic patient with fever, malaise, and ulcer in forehead after a rodent exposure. the organism was identified in darkfield examination of the ulcer exudate. penicillin was the drug used with clinical improvement of symptoms.	1992	1308939
spiral bacterium associated with gastric, ileal and caecal mucosa of mice.	a spiral shaped bacterium was seen in smears and histological sections (stained by carbolfuchsin) of gastric, ileal and caecal mucosa as well as in stool smears from mice. a significant correlation between the presence of the spiral bacterium and the occurrence of gastritis was observed but the ileal and caecal mucosa seemed unaffected. the bacterium was gram negative and grew on bhm and skirrow's medium, under microaerophilic conditions, at 37 degrees c. its major biochemical characteristics in ...	1992	1447907
[interaction of indigenous parietal microorganisms with cells of the digestive tract mucosa].	by means of light, electron microscopy and stereomorphometry the interaction of microorganisms (mo) and cells of the mouth, stomach and gut mucous membrane was studied in different pathologic conditions on clinic and experimental material. no penetration was noted of mo into cells of the keratinized squamous epithelium, they were present in intercellular spaces. in the stomach, mo as a rule interact with mucocytes altering their surface. spirillum-like mo sometimes penetrate into the parietal ce ...	1992	1449391
production of a dark field motion photomicrograph exhibiting flagella in motile bacteria.		1992	1517190
rat-bite fever.		1992	1560927
'gastrospirillum hominis', another gastric spiral bacterium.	'gastrospirillum hominis' is a 'new' tightly coiled gram-negative bacterium carrying bundles of sheathed polar flagella. it has been rather infrequently detected in antral and, even more rarely, in fundic mucosa samples removed at endoscopy from patients investigated for helicobacter pylori colonization. until now, it has remained noncultivable but has successfully been maintained in laboratory mice. its identity with similar bacteria found in the stomachs of cats, dogs, monkeys, pigs, and other ...	1992	1611710
purification and properties of a 'cytochrome a1'-like hemoprotein from a magnetotactic bacterium, aquaspirillum magnetotacticum.	a novel hemoprotein was purified from a magnetotactic bacterium, aquaspirillum magnetotacticum ms-1. the protein showed absorption peaks at 437 nm in the oxidized form, and 592, 550 and 450 nm in the reduced form. although the spectral properties of the hemoprotein were very similar to those of 'cytochrome a1', the hemoprotein contained no molecules of heme a. the protein contained two kinds of hemes; one was extracted with hcl-acetone and the other was covalently bound to the protein. the pyrid ...	1993	8251522
phylogenetic position of taylorella equigenitalis determined by analysis of amplified 16s ribosomal dna sequences.	the 16s ribosomal dna sequence of taylorella equigenitalis (formerly haemophilus equigenitalis), the causative organism of contagious equine metritis, was determined. a phylogenetic analysis of this sequence revealed a phylogenetic position of t. equigenitalis in the beta subclass of the class proteobacteria apart from the position of haemophilus influenzae, which belongs to the gamma subclass of proteobacteria. a close phylogenetic relationship among t. equigenitalis, alcaligenes xylosoxidans, ...	1993	8347520
occurrence of spiral-shaped bacteria in gastric biopsies of dogs and cats.		1993	8362485
evaluation and simplification of the assimilable organic carbon nutrient bioassay for bacterial growth in drinking water.	a modified assimilable organic carbon (aoc) bioassay is proposed. we evaluated all aspects of the aoc bioassay technique, including inoculum, incubation water, bioassay vessel, and enumeration technique. other concerns included eliminating the need to prepare organic carbon-free glassware and minimizing the risks of bacterial and organic carbon contamination. borosilicate vials (40 ml) with teflon-lined silicone septa are acceptable incubation vessels. precleaned vials are commercially available ...	1993	8517748
bacterial florae in larvae of the lake fly chironomus plumosus.	chironomus plumosus midge larvae were collected from lake winnebago, wisconsin, for 10 weeks in the summer of 1985 and 10 weeks in the summer of 1986 in order to determine their bacterial floras. altogether, 18 genera and 29 species of bacteria were found and identified. some spirillum-like bacteria which were not isolated in culture were found by electron microscopy. scanning electron micrographs of sectioned larvae revealed bacteria throughout the intestines. gram-positive organisms were most ...	1993	16348917
the swimming of unipolar cells of spirillum volutans: theory and observations	bright-field high-speed cinemicrography was employed to record the swimming of six unipolar cells of spirillum volutans. a complete set of geometrical parameters for each of these six cells, which are of typical but varying dimensions, was measured experimentally. for each cell, the mean swimming linear and angular speeds were measured for a period representing an exact number of flagellar cycles (at least four and up to 12 cycles). two independent sets of measurements were carried out for each ...	1994	9317371
an introduction to biomimetics: a structural viewpoint.	biomimetics is a newly emerging interdisciplinary field in materials science and engineering and biology in which lessons learned from biology form the basis for novel technological materials. it involves investigation of both structures and physical functions of biological composites of engineering interest with the goal of designing and synthesizing new and improved materials. this paper discusses microarchitectural aspects of some structural biocomposites, presents microstructural criteria fo ...	1994	8018989
the forgotten first career of doctor henry van dyke carter.	while henry gray's anatomy: descriptive and surgical, first published in 1858, is distinguished by superb illustrations, its original illustrator is remembered for an entirely different set of accomplishments, notably significant contributions to tropical medicine.	1995	7582216
nitrite reductase from the magnetotactic bacterium magnetospirillum magnetotacticum. a novel cytochrome cd1 with fe(ii):nitrite oxidoreductase activity.	cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductase was isolated from magnetite-containing cells of the magnetotactic bacterium magnetospirillum (formerly aquaspirillum) magnetotacticum, which was microaerobically cultivated under denitrifying conditions. the enzyme showed absorption maxima at 643 nm and 409 nm in the oxidized form, and at 663, 551, 522, and 418 nm in the reduced form. a distinctive split absorption band did not occur at about 550 nm. the pyridine ferrohemochrome spectra suggested the presence of ...	1995	7588814
toxicity of organomercury compounds: bioassay results as a basis for risk assessment.	a former mercury plant, where mercury salts and organomercurials for pesticide use were produced, caused soil contamination in high concentrations. typical organomercurial products included ethylmercury, phenylmercury, methoxyethylmercury and ethoxyethylmercury compounds. risk assessment of these sites must be carried out before any major clean-up processes can be planned. a sensitive speciation technique for the various organomercury species in environmental matrices is a prerequisite for toxic ...	1995	7741224
the relationship between kinetics of substrate-limited transitions and steady-state growth in continuous cultures of aquaspirillum autotrophicum limited by pyruvate.	heterotrophic growth at steady state and during transient states caused by the sudden change of the concentration of the limiting factor in the feed medium was investigated experimentally for continuous cultures of aquaspirillum autotrophicum limited by pyruvate. a model for describing the growth at steady state was selected from three unstructured models after statistical tests of the data. this model postulates that the growth yield increases linearly with the growth rate. growth during transi ...	1995	8572674
characterization of a novel spirillum-like bacterium that degrades ferrioxamine-type siderophores.	a novel gram-negative spirillum-like bacterium (asp-1) was isolated from lake water by enrichment culture on desferrioxamine b as sole source of carbon and energy. asp-1 was able to degrade the siderophores desferrioxamine b and e. the property of siderophore degradation was inducible in the presence of desferrioxamine b. the ferric complexes, however, were not measurably degraded but served as an iron source. degradation of desferrioxamines in culture was followed by measuring the residual ferr ...	1996	8574095
inactivation of aeromonas hydrophila by fe(ii)-related-radical generation in oxidizing groundwaters.	the survival of aeromonas hydrophila awwx1 in filter-sterilized phreatic groundwaters was studied by using viable counts. aeromonas counts rapidly decreased 2 to 3 log units in oxidizing raw groundwaters from snellegem and beernem, belgium (snellegem-raw and beernem-raw, respectively), containing high concentrations of fe2+ (460 to 1,070 microm). the rapid decline in viable counts of aeromonas cells in the oxidizing raw groundwater of snellegem was prevented by the addition of an fe2+ chelator ( ...	1996	8795217
survival potential of aeromonas hydrophila in freshwaters and nutrient-poor waters in comparison with other bacteria.	the survival of a genetically-marked aeromonas hydrophila strain was studied in water microcosms using viable counts. aeromonas hydrophila awwx1 was shown to survive without decline in viable counts for at least 10 d in three of four filtered-autoclaved freshwaters (surface water and groundwater) and in all examined filtered-autoclaved nutrient-poor waters (bottled spring water, milli-q and tap water). however, in the unfiltered waters, a rapid decrease in viable counts of aer. hydrophila awwx1 ...	1996	8852674
chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay using bacterial magnetic particles.	a novel chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay using bacterial magnetic particles (bmps) has been developed for highly sensitive and rapid detection of immunoglobulin g. antibody was immobilized onto bmps using the heterobifunctional reagents sulfosuccinimidyl 6-[3'-(2-pyridyldithio) propionamido]hexanoate (sulfo-lc-spdp) and sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(n-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (sulfo-smcc). for the highly sensitive immunoassay method using these bmps, a good relationship was obtained ...	1996	8865763
medical microbiology	leptospira, borrelia, and spirillum cause disease characterized by clinical stages with remissions and exacerbations. leptospira organisms are very thin, tightly coiled, obligate aerobic spirochetes characterized by a unique flexuous type of motility. the genus is divided into two species: the pathogenic leptospires l interrogans and the free-living leptospire l biflexa. serotypes of l interro ...	1996	21413339
phylogenetic relationships of the helical-shaped bacteria in the alpha proteobacteria inferred from 16s rdna sequences.	16s ribosomal rna gene sequences from seven strains of aquaspirillum peregrinum, aqu. itersonii, aqu. polymorphum, and oceanospirillum pusillum were compared with homologous sequences from other members of helical-shaped bacteria. the bootstrapped neighbor-joining tree, inferred from 887 aligned sites, placed the spirillum taxa assigned to aquaspirillum, oceanospirillum, azospirillum, magnetospirillum, rhodospirillum, and rhodocista of the proteobacteria in seven clusters of alpha proteobacteria ...	1997	12501339
identification of a gene for a rubrerythrin/nigerythrin-like protein in spirillum volutans by using amino acid sequence data from mass spectrometry and nh2-terminal sequencing.	a hydrogen peroxide-resistant mutant of the catalase-negative microaerophile, spirillum volutans, constitutively expresses a 21.5 kda protein that is undetectable and non-inducible in the wild-type cells. part of the gene that encodes the protein was cloned using amino acid sequence data obtained by both mass spectrometry and nh2-terminal sequencing. the deduced 158 amino acid polypeptide shows high relatedness to rubrerythrin and nigerythrin previously described in the anaerobes clostridium per ...	1998	9830123
[rat-bite fever].		1999	10201206
titanospirillum velox: a huge, speedy, sulfur-storing spirillum from ebro delta microbial mats.	a long (20-30 micrometer), wide (3-5 micrometer) microbial-mat bacterium from the ebro delta (tarragona, spain) was grown in mixed culture and videographed live. intracellular elemental sulfur globules and unique cell termini were observed in scanning-electron-microprobe and transmission-electron micrographs. a polar organelle underlies bundles of greater than 60 flagella at each indented terminus. these gram-negative bacteria bend, flex, and swim in a spiral fashion; they translate at speeds gr ...	1999	10500220
i smell a rat!		1999	10621799
isolation and characterization of a new denitrifying spirillum capable of anaerobic degradation of phenol.	two kinds of phenol-degrading denitrifying bacteria, azoarcus sp. strain cc-11 and spiral bacterial strain cc-26, were isolated from the same enrichment culture after 1 and 3 years of incubation, respectively. both strains required ferrous ions for growth, but strain cc-26 grew better than strain cc-11 grew under iron-limited conditions, which may have resulted in the observed change in the phenol-degrading bacteria during the enrichment process. strain cc-26 grew on phenol, benzoate, and other ...	2000	10742201
bacterial turgor pressure can be measured by atomic force microscopy.	we report a study of the deformability of a bacterial wall with an atomic force microscope (afm). a theoretical expression is derived for the force exerted by the wall on the cantilever as a function of the depths of indentation generated by the afm tip. evidence is provided that this reaction force is a measure for the turgor pressure of the bacterium. the method was applied to magnetotactic bacteria of the species magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense. force curves were generated on the substrate a ...	2000	11088560
toxicity tests to assess pollutants removal during wastewater treatment and the quality of receiving waters in argentina.	in argentina, legislation to control adverse impacts of effluent discharges and the quality of receiving waters is scant and relies mainly on the physicochemical characteristics of the effluents and receiving waters. objectives of this study were to use standardized acute toxicity tests to assess treatment of petrochemical industry effluents and the toxicity of various treated industrial effluents in the buenos aires metropolitan area and their receiving waters. tests for the first objective use ...	2001	11409193
alkalispirillum mobile gen. nov., spec. nov., an alkaliphilic non-phototrophic member of the ectothiorhodospiraceae.	from cultures of the anoxygenic phototroph halorhodospira halophila sl-1, an aerobic, gram-negative spirillum was isolated. this moderately halophilic, alkaliphilic bacterium was motile by means of a single polar flagellum. it is described here as alkalispirillum mobile gen. nov., spec. nov. phylogenetic analysis of the alkalispirillum mobile 16s rrna gene led to its classification in the gamma-subclass of the proteobacteria, as it appears closely related to phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria o ...	2001	11409547
spontaneous rat bite fever in non-human primates: a review of two cases.	rat bite fever is a worldwide zoonotic, non-reportable disease. this entity encompasses similar, yet distinct, disease syndromes caused by streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus. naturally occurring rat bite fever has not been previously described in non-human primates. this report describes two cases of non-human primate rat bite fever caused by s. moniliformis; a rhesus macaque (macaca mullata) with valvular endocarditis, and a titi monkey (callicebus sp.) with septic arthritis. poten ...	2002	12519213
phylogenetic analysis of the genus aquaspirillum based on 16s rrna gene sequences.	phylogenetic analysis of 15 species of the genus aquaspirillum based on 16s rrna gene (rdna) sequences indicated that the genus aquaspirillum is phylogenetically heterogeneous and the species could be divided into four groups as follows: aquaspirillum serpens, the type species of this genus, a. dispar and a. putridiconchylium are situated in the family neisseriaceae; members of the second group, a. gracile, a. delicatum, a. anulus, a. giesbergeri, a. sinuosum, a. metamorphum and a. psychrophilum ...	2002	12113929
rat-bite fever in children: case report and review.	we report 2 cases of rat-bite fever (rbf), a multisystem zoonosis, in children and review the literature. rbf is caused by i of 2 gram-negative organisms: streptobacillus moniliformis or, less commonly, spirillum minus. both of our cases developed in school-aged girls with a history of rat exposure who presented with a multisystem illness consisting of fever, petechial and purpuric rash, arthralgia and polyarthritis. both responded promptly to antibiotic treatment. an additional 10 cases from a ...	2002	12160180
didymobotryum spirillum, a new synnematous hyphomycete from india.	a new synnematous hyphomycete, didymobotryum spirillum d'souza & bhat, collected from decaying culms of bamboo, dendrocalamus strictus, is described and illustrated from the forests of western ghats in goa, india. the fungus produces monotretic, catenate didymoconidia on spirally twisted synnemata.	2002	21156524
[oxidative stress and antioxidant cell protection systems in the microaerophilic bacterium spirillum winogradskii].	the influence of oxygen availability during cultivation on the biosynthetic processes and enzymatic activities in the microaerophilic bacterium spirillum winogradskii d-427 was studied, and the roles played by different systems of the defense against oxidation stress were determined. the metabolic adjustments caused by transition from microaerobic (2% o2) aerobic conditions (21% o2 of the gas phase) were found to slow down constructive metabolism and increase synthesis of exopolysaccharides as a ...	2003	14679896
investigations into the life cycle of the bacterial predator bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j at an interface by atomic force microscopy.	atomic force microscopy was used to image bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j, a gram-negative bacterial predator that consumes a variety of other gram-negative bacteria. in predator-prey communities grown on filters at hydrated air-solid interfaces, repeated cycles of hunting, invasion, growth, and lysis occurred readily even though the cells were limited to near two-dimensional movement. this system allowed us to image the bacteria directly without extensive preparation or modification, and many o ...	2003	12719266
[magnetosomes as biological model for iron binding: relaxivity determination with mri].	in vitro characterization of iron-containing bacterial particles (magnetosomes) as superparamagnetic contrast agents for mri.	2003	12811697
rat bite fever without fever.	rat bite fever is a rarely reported acute febrile bacterial illness caused by streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus following a rat bite. it is classically characterised by abrupt onset of fever with rigors, myalgias, headache, and the appearance of a generalised maculopapular petechial skin rash. polyarthritis complicates the course of the disease in up to 50% of infected patients, and numerous hurdles can make the diagnosis particularly difficult in the absence of fever or rash, as i ...	2003	12922966
characterization of bioluminescent derivatives of assimilable organic carbon test bacteria.	the assimilable organic carbon (aoc) test is a standardized measure of the bacterial growth potential of treated water. we describe the design and initial development of an aoc assay that uses bioluminescent derivatives of aoc test bacteria. our assay is based on the observation that bioluminescence peaks at full cell yield just prior to the onset of the stationary phase during growth in a water sample. pseudomonas fluorescens p-17 and spirillum sp. strain nox bacteria were mutagenized with luxc ...	2004	14766564
[characterization of microbial population present in the edible seaweed, monostroma undulatum, wittrock].	the microbiological quality of monostroma undulatum, wittrock from the southern argentinean coast, was studied for its application for human food. also the diversity and function of the native bacterial population to this green seaweed was analyzed. samples were collected in puerto deseado, province of santa cruz, southern argentina (47 degrees 45'l.s., 65 degrees 55'l.w). the samples were analyzed for the presence of psycotrophic heterotrophic bacteria, marine heterotrophic bacteria, low nutrit ...	2004	15807211
proposals of curvibacter gracilis gen. nov., sp. nov. and herbaspirillum putei sp. nov. for bacterial strains isolated from well water and reclassification of [pseudomonas] huttiensis, [pseudomonas] lanceolata, [aquaspirillum] delicatum and [aquaspirillum] autotrophicum as herbaspirillum huttiense comb. nov., curvibacter lanceolatus comb. nov., curvibacter delicatus comb. nov. and herbaspirillum autotrophicum comb. nov.	two strains of curved bacteria, 7-1(t) and 7-2(t), isolated from well water, were phylogenetically examined to determine their taxonomic position. strain 7-1(t) is a gram-negative, slightly curved rod. analysis of the 16s rrna gene sequence showed that strain 7-1(t) formed a cluster with [aquaspirillum] delicatum and [pseudomonas] lanceolata. it has some similar characteristics to [a.] delicatum and [p.] lanceolata, but has sufficient distance to separate it from other genera. dna-dna hybridizat ...	2004	15545462
ftsz collaborates with penicillin binding proteins to generate bacterial cell shape in escherichia coli.	the mechanisms by which bacteria adopt and maintain individual shapes remain enigmatic. outstanding questions include why cells are a certain size, length, and width; why they are uniform or irregular; and why some branch while others do not. previously, we showed that escherichia coli mutants lacking multiple penicillin binding proteins (pbps) display extensive morphological diversity. because defective sites in these cells exhibit the structural and functional characteristics of improperly loc ...	2004	15466028
new method for assimilable organic carbon determination using flow-cytometric enumeration and a natural microbial consortium as inoculum.	the concentration of easily assimilable organic carbon (aoc) largely determines the microbiological stability of drinking water. however, aoc determination is often neglected in practice due to the complex and tedious nature of the conventional bioassay. the three major drawbacks of the conventional method are (1) a long assay time of 9-12 days, (2) the use of a labor-intensive enumeration technique (plating on growth media), and (3) limited information supplied by the use of selected pure cultu ...	2005	15926580
bacterial diversity in the bacterioneuston (sea surface microlayer): the bacterioneuston through the looking glass.	the bacterioneuston is defined as the community of bacteria present within the neuston or sea surface microlayer. bacteria within this layer were sampled using a membrane filter technique and bacterial diversity was compared with that in the underlying pelagic coastal seawater using molecular ecological techniques. 16s rrna gene libraries of approximately 500 clones were constructed from both bacterioneuston and the pelagic water samples and representative clones from each library were sequenced ...	2005	15819854
[the functional role of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds in the metabolism of the microaerophilic bacterium spirillum winogradskii].	oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds by microaerophilic sulfur bacterium spirillum winogradskii was found to occur only concomitantly with consumption of an organic substrate and was not linked to their utilization as electron donors in energy metabolism. no enzymes of dissimilatory sulfur metabolism were found in the cells of the sulfur bacterium oxidizing thiosulfate to tetrathionate; oxidation of thiosulfate and sulfide was caused by their reaction with reactive oxygen species (ros), mostly ...	2005	15835774
isolation and characterization of sulfurospirillum carboxydovorans sp. nov., a new microaerophilic carbon monoxide oxidizing epsilon proteobacterium.	a new microaerophilic, gram-negative, motile, 2-3 microm long and 0.3 microm wide, vibrioid to spirillum-shaped, co oxidizing bacterium, designated strain mv, isolated from marine sediment (the north sea) is described. strain mv was able to couple the oxidation of co to the reduction of elemental sulphur, dmso and thiosulphate. growth occurred with up to 100% (v/v) co in the headspace. acetate was needed as carbon source. no growth on co was observed with nitrate and selenate as electron accepto ...	2005	15928986
characteristics of biofilm community formed in the chlorinated biodegradable organic matter-limited tap water.	the aim of this study was to characterize the influence of free chlorine residual on biofilm formation in a chlorinated system in which the biodegradable organic matter (bom) was limited. the biofilm community was characterized through a community-level physiological profile (clpp) that was generated using the biolog gn microplate-based community-level assay. the chlorinated system was run at chlorine residual concentrations of 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 mg l(-1) with the provision of bom-limited tap wat ...	2006	16583822
rat-bite fever septic arthritis: illustrative case and literature review.	rat-bite fever is a rare zoonotic infection caused by streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus, which is characterised by fever, rash and arthritis. the arthritis has previously been described as non-suppurative and isolation of the organism from synovial fluid as very uncommon. this article reports a case of septic arthritis diagnosed as rat-bite fever when the organism was cultured from synovial fluid and reviews another 15 cases of s. moniliformis septic arthritis reported in the world ...	2006	17096137
[two new species of microaerophilic sulfur spirilla, spirillum winogradskii sp. nov. and spirillum kriegii sp. nov].	new microaerophilic sulfur-oxidizing spirilla were isolated from hydrogen sulfide sludge of wastewater treatment plants. strains d-427 and d-430 have spiral cells that are highly motile due to bipolar flagellum bundles covered with mucous sheaths. under a phase-contrast microscope, these bundles are visible as single polar flagella. spheroplasts are formed in the stationary growth phase. both strains are obligate organotrophs able to oxidize a number of reduced sulfur compounds. the oxidation of ...	2006	16758869
quantification of the filterability of freshwater bacteria through 0.45, 0.22, and 0.1 microm pore size filters and shape-dependent enrichment of filterable bacterial communities.	micro-filtration is a standard process for sterilization in scientific research, medical, and industrial applications, and to remove particles in drinking water or wastewater treatment. it is generally assumed, and confirmed by quantifying filtration efficiency by plating, that filters with a 0.1-0.45 microm pore size can retain bacteria. in contrast to this assumption, we have regularly observed the passage of a significant fraction of natural freshwater bacterial communities through 0.45, 0.22 ...	2007	17993151
ftsz directs a second mode of peptidoglycan synthesis in escherichia coli.	certain penicillin binding protein mutants of escherichia coli grow with spirillum-like morphologies when the ftsz protein is inhibited, suggesting that ftsz might govern aspects of cell wall growth other than those strictly associated with septation. while investigating the mechanism of spiral cell formation, we discovered conditions for visualizing this second function of ftsz. normally, inhibiting the cytoskeleton protein mreb forces e. coli cells to grow as smoothly enlarging spheres from wh ...	2007	17513471
[lignite microorganisms].	the first demonstration that samples of lignite at a depth of 10 m are considerably enriched in bacteria is reported. according to direct microscopy, the abundance of bacteria was about 10(7) cells/g. about 70% of cells had intact cell membranes and small size, which points to their anabiotic state. the fungal mycelium length was no more than 1 m. lignite inoculation onto solid glucose-yeast-peptone medium allowed as to isolate bacteria of the genera bacillus, rhodococcus, arthrobacter, micrococ ...	2007	17668464
[what the practicing veterinarian should know about rat bite fever].		2008	18788187