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development of a novel genetic system to create markerless deletion mutants of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a species of unique obligate predatory bacteria that utilize gram-negative bacteria as prey. their life cycle alternates between a motile extracellular phase and a growth phase within the prey cell periplasm. the mechanism of prey cell invasion and the genetic networks and regulation during the life cycle have not been elucidated. the obligate predatory nature of the b. bacteriovorus life cycle suggests the use of this bacterium in potential applications involving p ...200717557848
biostimulation of estuarine microbiota on substrate coated agar slides: a novel approach to study diversity of autochthonous bdellovibrio- and like organisms.characterization of bdellovibrio- and like organisms (balos) from environmental samples involves growing them in the presence of gram-negative prey bacteria and isolation of balo plaques. this labor-intensive enrichment and isolation procedure may impede the detection and phylogenetic characterization of uncultivable balos. in this article, we describe a simple slide biofilm assay to improve detection and characterization of balo microbiota. agar spiked with biostimulants such as yeast extract ( ...200817968612
bacteriovorax stolpii proliferation and predation without sphingophosphonolipids.bacteriovorax stolpii strain uki2, a facultative predator-parasite of larger gram-negative bacteria, synthesizes distinct sphingophosphonolipids. these lipids are characterized by a direct p-c bond, the novel head group 1-hydroxy-2-aminoethylphosphonate, iso-branched long chain bases and fatty acids, and fatty acids dominated by those with alpha-hydroxy groups. myriocin, an inhibitor of serine:fatty acyl coa transferase, reversibly blocked sphingophosphonolipid synthesis in b. stolpii uki2. howe ...200818086555
three-dimensional imaging of the highly bent architecture of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus by using cryo-electron tomography.bdellovibrio bacteriovorus cells are small deltaproteobacterial cells that feed on other gram-negative bacteria, including human pathogens. using cryo-electron tomography, we demonstrated that b. bacteriovorus cells are capable of substantial flexibility and local deformation of the outer and inner membranes without loss of cell integrity. these shape changes can occur in less than 2 min, and analysis of the internal architecture of highly bent cells showed that the overall distribution of molec ...200818203829
phylogenetic relationships amongst the saltwater members of the genus bacteriovorax using rpob sequences and reclassification of bacteriovorax stolpii as bacteriolyticum stolpii gen. nov., comb. nov.members of the saltwater genus bacteriovorax, formerly known as the marine bdellovibrio, are obligate predatory bacteria that prey selectively on other gram-negative bacteria. previous phylogenetic analysis based on the 16s rrna genes of saltwater bacteriovorax isolates from environmental samples revealed 11 distinct phylogenetic clusters based on > or =96.5 % gene sequence similarity. in other micro-organisms, the gene coding for the beta-subunit of rna polymerase (rpob) has been shown to be mo ...200818450714
quantitative changes in the elasticity and adhesive properties of escherichia coli zk1056 prey cells during predation by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j.atomic force microscopy (afm) was used to explore the changes that occur in escherichia coli zk1056 prey cells while they are being consumed by the bacterial predator bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j. invaded prey cells, called bdelloplasts, undergo substantial chemical and physical changes that can be directly probed by afm. in this work, we probe the elasticity and adhesive properties of uninvaded prey cells and bdelloplasts in a completely native state in dilute aqueous buffer without chemical ...200818572929
isolation of predation-deficient mutants of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus by using transposon mutagenesis.the availability of the complete genome sequence of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus provides an opportunity for investigating genes that play a significant role in predation. using two independently derived facultatively predatory bdellovibrio strains, we have designed a method to cultivate and screen transposon insertion mutants in 96-well microtiter dishes. transposon insertion mutants were produced by introducing the plasposon prl27, which carries a mini-tn5. mutants have been screened for predato ...200818621871
development and evaluation of a quantitative real-time pcr assay for the detection of saltwater bacteriovorax.bdellovibrio-and-like-organisms (balos) are small, gram-negative predatory bacteria with the ability to prey on a wide variety of gram-negative bacteria, and which may have a significant ecological role. detection and quantification of balos by culture-dependent methods are complicated, as their reproduction is dependent upon the use of appropriate prey. for this reason, a sensitive and specific molecular detection method was developed. this paper describes a sybr green-based real-time pcr (quan ...200818631362
[a molecular view of microbial diversity in sediment of the jinshan hot spring, guangdong province].the aim of this study is to analyze the microbial diversity in the sediment of jingshan hot spring.200818720834
laboratory maintenance of bdellovibrio.bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a gram-negative bacterium that preys upon other gram-negative bacteria. it does this by penetrating the outer membrane and peptidoglycan to establish itself in the periplasm where it grows at the expense of the contents of the prey cell before ultimately lysing the prey. wild-type bdellovibrio are prey-(or host-) dependent and the protocols described in this unit deal with the techniques required to grow this bacterium on its prey cells. protocols are also presented ...200818770540
the major glycerophospholipids of the predatory and parasitic bacterium bdellovibrio bacteriovorus hid5.bdellovibrio are small motile bacteria that attack and parasitize larger gram-negative bacteria and since they might have practical applications, these organisms are attracting the attention of researchers as indicated by the sequencing of the b. bacteriovorus genome. there is an earlier report showing that b. bacteriovorus scavenges fatty acids from the host cell during its parasitic phase otherwise the biochemical nature of its lipids, particularly its complex lipids, remains unknown. we here ...200818818966
proteome-based comparative analyses of growth stages reveal new cell cycle-dependent functions in the predatory bacterium bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.bdellovibrio and like organisms are obligate predators of bacteria that are ubiquitously found in the environment. most exhibit a peculiar dimorphic life cycle during which free-swimming attack-phase (ap) cells search for and invade bacterial prey cells. the invader develops in the prey as a filamentous polynucleoid-containing cell that finally splits into progeny cells. therapeutic and biocontrol applications of bdellovibrio in human and animal health and plant health, respectively, have been p ...200818836011
rapid isolation of host-independent bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.a new method of isolating host-independent bdellovibrio bacteriovorus has been developed. filtered suspensions of host-dependent cells are dropped in small volumes onto 0.2 microm membranes laid on rich media agar. significant growth is observed within 1-2 days; these cells were confirmed to be b. bacteriovorus using microscopic observations and pcr.200818410974
development of a novel system for isolating genes involved in predator-prey interactions using host independent derivatives of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j.bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a gram-negative bacterium that preys upon other gram-negative bacteria. although the life cycle of bdellovibrio has been extensively investigated, very little is known about the mechanisms involved in predation.200818284687
identification of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus hd100 bd0714 as a nudix dgtpase.bdellovibrio bacteriovorus bacteria are predatory organisms that attack other gram-negative bacteria. here, we report that bd0714 is a nudix dgtpase from b. bacteriovorus hd100 with a substrate specificity similar to that of escherichia coli mutt and complements an e. coli mutt-deficient strain. we observed different transcription levels of the gene throughout the predator life cycle.200818931106
evaluation of denoising algorithms for biological electron tomography.tomograms of biological specimens derived using transmission electron microscopy can be intrinsically noisy due to the use of low electron doses, the presence of a "missing wedge" in most data collection schemes, and inaccuracies arising during 3d volume reconstruction. before tomograms can be interpreted reliably, for example, by 3d segmentation, it is essential that the data be suitably denoised using procedures that can be individually optimized for specific data sets. here, we implement a sy ...200818585059
[microbial community structure of beer wastewater treatment plants analyzed by pcr-dgge technique].the microbial community structure of beer wastewater treatment plants with hydrolyze-acidification and sbr process was studied by pcr amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) based 16s rdna. activated sludge samples were collected from both hydrolyze-acidification tank and sbr tank at different depth and disposal period. the total dna was extracted and the 16s rdna was amplified by universal primer. the microbial community structure was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel ...200819143400
origin of eukaryotic cells as a symbiosis of parasitic alpha-proteobacteria in the periplasm of two-membrane-bounded sexual pre-karyotes.the last universal common ancestor (luca) might have been either prokaryotic- or eukaryotic-like. nevertheless, the universally distributed components suggest rather luca consistent with the pre-cell theory of kandler. the hypotheses for the origin of eukaryotes are briefly summarized. the models under which prokaryotes or their chimeras were direct ancestors of eukaryotes are criticized. it is proposed that the pre-karyote (a host entity for alpha-proteobacteria) was a remnant of pre-cellular w ...200819513207
[isolation and characterization of bdellovibrio strains from the ocean].to isolate and identify the new bdellovibrio strains from the sea mud of shenzhen bay and to preliminarily study their biological characteristics.200819149155
diversity of microbes associated with the marine sponge, haliclona simulans, isolated from irish waters and identification of polyketide synthase genes from the sponge metagenome.samples of the sponge haliclona simulans were collected from irish waters and subjected to a culture-independent analysis to determine the microbial, polyketide synthase (pks) and non-ribosomal peptide synthase (nrps) diversity. 16s rrna gene libraries were prepared from total sponge, bacterial enriched sponge and seawater samples. eight phyla from the bacteria were detected in the sponge by phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rrna gene libraries. the most abundant phylum in the total sponge librar ...200818430018
structure and biological function of the rna pyrophosphohydrolase bdrpph from bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.until recently, the mechanism of mrna decay in bacteria was thought to be different from that of eukaryotes. this paradigm changed with the discovery that rpph (orf176/nudh/ygdp), an escherichia coli enzyme that belongs to the nudix superfamily, is an rna pyrophosphohydrolase that initiates mrna decay by cleaving pyrophosphate from the 5'-triphosphate. here we report the 1.9 angstroms resolution structure of the nudix hydrolase bdrpph from bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, a bacterium that feeds on ot ...200919278661
bdellovibrio bacteriovorus attacks aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.periodontitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease primarily associated with gram-negative periodontopathogens. bdellovibrio and like organisms are predatory bacteria that feed on gram-negative bacteria. this study investigated whether predatory bacteria can attack aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. therefore, a. actinomycetemcomitans was challenged with the predator bdellovibrio bacteriovorus under conditions simulating the oral cavity. the reduction of planktonic a. actinomycetemcomitans ...200919278992
impact of sideways and bottom-up control factors on bacterial community succession over a tidal cycle.in aquatic systems, bacterial community succession is a function of top-down and bottom-up factors, but little information exists on "sideways" controls, such as bacterial predation by bdellovibrio-like organisms (blos), which likely impacts nutrient cycling within the microbial loop and eventual export to higher trophic groups. here we report transient response of estuarine microbiota and blo spp. to tidal-associated dissolved organic matter supply in a river-dominated estuary, apalachicola bay ...200919251645
predatory lifestyle of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.bdellovibrio species are naturally predatory, small, motile, deltaproteobacteria that invade the periplasm of other larger gram-negative bacteria, killing and digesting them. bdellovibrio grows and divides inside the prey cell, in a structure called a bdelloplast, which then lyses, releasing the bdellovibrio to prey upon more bacteria. this capability makes bdellovibrio a potential therapeutic agent, but since its discovery in the 1960s it has not been applied in this way. this review considers ...200919575566
a new method for isolating host-independent variants of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus using e. coli auxotrophs.bdellovibrios are gram-negative bacteria that are characterized by predatory behavior. although bdellovibrios exhibit an obligatory parasitic life cycle, it is possible to isolate bdellovibrio variants that no longer require host cells for their growth. in this study, a new method for isolating bdellovibrio bacteriovorus host-independent (hi) variants was developed. filtered b. bacteriovorus prey cells were cultured with e. coli diaminopimelic acid (dap) auxotrophs as host cells. thereafter, the ...200919590595
stratified bacterial community in the bladder of the medicinal leech, hirudo verbana.most animals harbour symbiotic microorganisms inside their body, where intimate interactions occur between the partners. the medicinal leech, hirudo verbana, possesses 17 pairs of excretory bladders that harbour a large number of intracellular and extracellular symbiotic bacteria. in this study, we characterized the bladder symbionts using molecular phylogenetic analyses, transmission electron microscopy (tem) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). restriction fragment length polymorphis ...200919678832
roles of multiple flagellins in flagellar formation and flagellar growth post bdelloplast lysis in bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.bdellovibrio bacteriovorus cells have a single polar flagellum whose helical pitch and diameter characteristically change near the midpoint, resulting in a tapered wave. there are six flagellin genes in the genome: flic1 to flic6. accordingly, the flagellar filament is composed of several similar flagellin species. we have used knockout mutants of each gene and analyzed the mutational effects on the filament length and on the composition and localization of each flagellin species in the filament ...200919819245
increased diversity of predacious bdellovibrio-like organisms (blos) as a function of eutrophication in kumaon lakes of india.predation by bdellovibrio-like organisms (blos) results in bacterial community succession in aquatic ecosystems. the effects of nutrient loading on the distribution and phylogeny of blos remain largely unknown. to this end, we present our findings on blo diversity from four north-indian lakes that are variable in their trophic status; nainital is eutrophic, both, bhimtal and naukuchiatal are mesotrophic and sattal remains oligotrophic, respectively. initially, total heterotrophic bacteria and bl ...200919319600
survival response of bacteriovorax in surface biofilm versus suspension when stressed by extremes in environmental conditions.the bacteriovorax, previously in the genus bdellovibrio, are prokaryotes that prey upon many gram-negative bacteria. they are ubiquitous in salt-water environments and have been reported to have a strong association with biofilms. the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that this association affords protection for the bacteriovorax and enhances their survival in nature when exposed to extreme environmental conditions. experiments were designed to compare their survival in biofilms v ...200919267151
a predatory patchwork: membrane and surface structures of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.predatory bdellovibrio bacteriovorus bacteria are remarkable in that they attach to, penetrate and digest other gram-negative bacteria, living and replicating within them until all resources are exhausted, when they escape the prey ghost to invade fresh prey. remarkable remodeling of both predator and prey cell occurs during this process to allow the bdellovibrio to exploit the intracellular niche they have worked so hard to enter, keeping the prey "bdelloplast" intact until the end of predatory ...200918929071
biofilm formation of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus host-independent derivatives.bdellovibrios are gram-negative predatory bacteria which are ubiquitous to many environmental niches, including natural biofilms. in this study, host-independent (hi) variants of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j were isolated. predation assays and genetic analysis confirmed that the selected hi variants are derivatives of b. bacteriovorus. when grown in microtiter plates, hi variants were able to form tenacious biofilms on the surface of the wells. hi biofilm formation on different surfaces, medi ...200919223013
molecular typing and identification of bdellovibrio-and-like organisms isolated from seawater shrimp ponds and adjacent coastal waters.to apply and compare two pcr-based methods for typing saltwater bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (balos) and to understand ecological and phylogenetic aspects of the balos isolated from shrimp mariculture systems.200919191952
tri- to be mono- for bacterial mrna decay.messing et al. (2009) report the homodimeric structure of the bdellovibrio bacteriovorus rpph pyrophosphohydrolase, which hydrolyzes the mrna 5' triphosphate to initiate bacterial mrna decay. these structures reveal insights into bdrpph substrate recognition and analogies to eukaryotic decapping enzymes.200919278643
bacterial intein-like domains of predatory bacteria: a new domain type characterized in bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.we report a new family of bacterial intein-like domains (bils) identified in ten proteins of four diverse predatory bacteria. bils belong to the hint (hedgehog/intein) superfamily of domains that post-translationally self-process their protein molecules by protein splicing and self-cleavage. the new, c-type, bils appear with other domains, including putative predator-specific domain 1 (pps-1), a new domain typically appearing immediately upstream of c-type bils. the bd2400 protein of the obligat ...200919153786
ecological conditions affect evolutionary trajectory in a predator-prey system.the arms race of adaptation and counter adaptation in predator-prey interactions is a fascinating evolutionary dynamic with many consequences, including local adaptation and the promotion or maintenance of diversity. although such antagonistic coevolution is suspected to be widespread in nature, experimental documentation of the process remains scant, and we have little understanding of the impact of ecological conditions. here, we present evidence of predator-prey coevolution in a long-term exp ...200919154363
manipulating each mreb of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus gives diverse morphological and predatory phenotypes.we studied the two mreb genes, encoding actinlike cytoskeletal elements, in the predatory bacterium bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. this bacterium enters and replicates within other gram-negative bacteria by attack-phase bdellovibrio squeezing through prey outer membrane, residing and growing filamentously in the prey periplasm forming an infective "bdelloplast," and septating after 4 h, once the prey contents are consumed. this lifestyle brings challenges to the bdellovibrio cytoskeleton. both mreb ...201020023029
a transcriptional "scream" early response of e. coli prey to predatory invasion by bdellovibrio.we have transcriptionally profiled the genes differentially expressed in e. coli prey cells when predatorily attacked by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus just prior to prey cell killing. this is a brief, approximately 20-25 min period when the prey cell is still alive but contains a bdellovibrio cell in its periplasm or attached to and penetrating its outer membrane. total rna was harvested and labelled 15 min after initiating a semi-synchronous infection with an excess of bdellovibrio preying upon e. ...201020024656
the protective effect of bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (balo) on tilapia fish fillets against salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar typhimurium.to characterize freshwater bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (balo) isolated in china and examine their potential in controlling growth of salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar typhimurium on tilapia fillets.201020880363
spiral architecture of the nucleoid in bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.we present a cryo-electron tomographic analysis of the three-dimensional architecture of a strain of the gram-negative bacterium bdellovibrio bacteriovorus in which endogenous mreb2 was replaced with monomeric teal fluorescent protein (mtfp)-labeled mreb2. in contrast to wild-type bdellovibrio cells that predominantly displayed a compact nucleoid region, cells expressing mtfp-labeled mreb2 displayed a twisted spiral organization of the nucleoid. the more open structure of the mreb2-mtfp nucleoid ...201021148724
mutation detection with next-generation resequencing through a mediator genome.the affordability of next generation sequencing (ngs) is transforming the field of mutation analysis in bacteria. the genetic basis for phenotype alteration can be identified directly by sequencing the entire genome of the mutant and comparing it to the wild-type (wt) genome, thus identifying acquired mutations. a major limitation for this approach is the need for an a-priori sequenced reference genome for the wt organism, as the short reads of most current ngs approaches usually prohibit de-nov ...201021209874
isolation of bdellovibrio as biological therapeutic agents used for the treatment of aeromonas hydrophila infection in fish.fourteen strains of bdellovibrio-like organisms were isolated from cultured fish ponds using aeromonas hydrophila j-1 as host, one of them formed large plaques after 48 h of incubation at 28 degrees c on a double layer plate, designated as bdellovibrio c-1. the bdellovibrio was confirmed by electron microscopy and pcr amplification of bdellovibrio-specific 16s rdna. the optimum temperature for the growth of bdc-1 was between 15-37 degrees c and with optimal activity at temperatures of 25-30 degr ...201019486499
the first bite--profiling the predatosome in the bacterial pathogen bdellovibrio.bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a gram-negative bacterium that is a pathogen of other gram-negative bacteria, including many bacteria which are pathogens of humans, animals and plants. as such bdellovibrio has potential as a biocontrol agent, or living antibiotic. b. bacteriovorus hd100 has a large genome and it is not yet known which of it encodes the molecular machinery and genetic control of predatory processes. we have tried to fill this knowledge-gap using mixtures of predator and prey mrnas ...201020062540
characterization of type iv pili in the life cycle of the predator bacterium bdellovibrio.bdellovibrio and like organisms (balos) are obligate prokaryotic predators of other gram-negative bacteria. bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is the most studied organism among balos. it has a periplasmic life cycle with two major stages: a motile, non-replicative stage spent searching for prey (the attack phase) and a stage spent inside the periplasm of the gram-negative prey cell (the growth phase) after forming an osmotically stable body termed the bdelloplast. within bdellovibrio, there are also st ...201020056705
predacious bacteria, bdellovibrio with potential for biocontrol.bacteria of the genus of bdellovibrio are highly motile gram-negative predators of other gram-negative bacteria causing lysis of their prey. here we report results of studies on the interactions of bdellovibrio with species of alcaligenes, campylobacter, erwinia, escherichia, helicobacter, pseudomonas, legionella, and shigella in agar lower, liquid media and cells attached to a surface. helicobacter pylori was studied employing both actively growing and viable but nonculturable (vbnc) cells. the ...201020850380
three motab stator gene products in bdellovibrio bacteriovorus contribute to motility of a single flagellum during predatory and prey-independent growth.the predatory bacterium bdellovibrio bacteriovorus uses flagellar motility to locate regions rich in gram-negative prey bacteria, colliding and attaching to prey and then ceasing flagellar motility. prey are then invaded to form a "bdelloplast" in a type iv pilus-dependent process, and prey contents are digested, allowing bdellovibrio growth and septation. after septation, bdellovibrio flagellar motility resumes inside the prey bdelloplast prior to its lysis and escape of bdellovibrio progeny. b ...201021148728
shadowing the actions of a predator: backlit fluorescent microscopy reveals synchronous nonbinary septation of predatory bdellovibrio inside prey and exit through discrete bdelloplast pores.the bdellovibrio are miniature "living antibiotic" predatory bacteria which invade, reseal, and digest other larger gram-negative bacteria, including pathogens. nutrients for the replication of bdellovibrio bacteria come entirely from the digestion of the single invaded bacterium, now called a bdelloplast, which is bound by the original prey outer membrane. bdellovibrio bacteria are efficient digesters of prey cells, yielding on average 4 to 6 progeny from digestion of a single prey cell of a ge ...201020935099
sighting the alien within: a new look at bdellovibrio. 201020952572
a coiled-coil-repeat protein 'ccrp' in bdellovibrio bacteriovorus prevents cellular indentation, but is not essential for vibroid cell morphology.bdellovibrio bacteriovorus are small, vibroid, predatory bacteria that grow within the periplasmic space of a host gram-negative bacterium. the intermediate-filament (if)-like protein crescentin is a member of a broad class of if-like, coiled-coil-repeat-proteins (ccrps), discovered in caulobacter crescentus, where it contributes to the vibroid cell shape. the b. bacteriovorus genome has a single ccrp gene encoding a protein with an unusually long, stutter-free, coiled-coil prediction; the inact ...201020977494
predation of human pathogens by the predatory bacteria micavibrio aeruginosavorus and bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.the focus of this study was to evaluate the potential use of the predatory bacteria bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and micavibrio aeruginosavorus to control the pathogens associated with human infection.201021114596
[ interaction of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus with campylobacter jejuni and helicobacter pylori ]. 201021774160
predation of oral pathogens by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j.periodontal diseases are multifactorial infections elicited by a complex of primarily gram-negative bacteria that interact with host tissues and lead to the destruction of the periodontal structures. bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a gram-negative bacterium that preys upon other gram-negative bacteria. it was previously shown that b. bacteriovorus has an ability to attack and remove surface-attached bacteria or biofilms. in this study, we examined the host specificity of b. bacteriovorus strain 10 ...201021214870
killing of anaerobic pathogens by predatory bacteria.recently, the predation of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus on a periodontal pathogen has been described. the current study explores the potential antimicrobial activity of a range of predatory bacteria against key periodontal pathogens. a number of representatives from the bdellovibrio, bacteriovorax and peredibacter lineages (called 'balos') were tested for their activity towards a group of key periodontal pathogens and an optimal multiplicity of infection was established. as the oral cavity contain ...201021214872
microviridae goes temperate: microvirus-related proviruses reside in the genomes of bacteroidetes.the microviridae comprises icosahedral lytic viruses with circular single-stranded dna genomes. the family is divided into two distinct groups based on genome characteristics and virion structure. viruses infecting enterobacteria belong to the genus microvirus, whereas those infecting obligate parasitic bacteria, such as chlamydia, spiroplasma and bdellovibrio, are classified into a subfamily, the gokushovirinae. recent metagenomic studies suggest that members of the microviridae might also play ...201121572966
Analysis of the genome and proteome composition of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus: Indication for recent prey-derived horizontal gene transfer.The genome/proteome composition of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, the predatory microorganism that preys on other Gram-negative bacteria, has been analyzed. The study elucidates that translational selection plays a major role in genome compositional variation with higher intensity compared to other deltaproteobacteria. Other sources of variations having relatively minor contributions are local GC-bias, horizontal gene transfer and strand-specific mutational bias. The study identifies a group of AT- ...201121722725
the structure of an unconventional hd-gyp protein from bdellovibrio reveals the roles of conserved residues in this class of cyclic-di-gmp phosphodiesterases.cyclic-di-gmp is a near-ubiquitous bacterial second messenger that is important in localized signal transmission during the control of various processes, including virulence and switching between planktonic and biofilm-based lifestyles. cyclic-di-gmp is synthesized by ggdef diguanylate cyclases and hydrolyzed by eal or hd-gyp phosphodiesterases, with each functional domain often appended to distinct sensory modules. hd-gyp domain proteins have resisted structural analysis, but here we present th ...201121990613
The Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus twin-arginine transport system has roles in predatory and prey-independent growth.Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus grows in one of two ways: either (i) predatorily [in a host-dependent (HD) manner], when it invades the periplasm of another Gram-negative bacterium, exporting into the prey co-ordinated waves of soluble enzymes using the prey cell contents for growth; or (ii) in a host-independent (HI) manner, when it grows (slowly) axenically in rich media. Periplasmic invasion potentially exposes B. bacteriovorus to extremes of pH and exposes the need to scavenge electron donors fro ...201121903758
morphology and genome sequence of phage ϕ1402: a dwarf myovirus of the predatory bacterium bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.phages are among the simplest biological entities known and simultaneously the most numerous and ubiquitous members of the biosphere. among the three families of tailed dsdna phages, the myoviridae have the most structurally sophisticated tails which are capable of contraction, unlike the simpler tails of the podoviridae and siphoviridae. such "nanomachines" tails are involved in both efficient phage adsorption and genome injection. their structural complexity probably necessitates multistep mor ...201122164347
inhibition of predation by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and micavibrio aeruginosavorus via host cell metabolic activity in the presence of carbohydrates.bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and micavibrio aeruginosavorus are highly motile gram-negative predatory bacteria with the potential of being used as biocontrol agents or living antibiotics. it was suggested previously that sugar-binding proteins play a role in m. aeruginosavorus and b. bacteriovorus host specificity and predator-prey interactions. the effect of carbohydrates on predation was reexamined in this study. it was demonstrated that the presence of carbohydrates could indeed block predation ...201121317250
identification of genes essential for prey-independent growth of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus hd100.bdellovibrio bacteriovorus hd100 is an obligate predatory bacterium that attacks and invades gram-negative bacteria. the predator requires living bacteria to survive as growth and replication take place inside the bacterial prey. it is possible to isolate mutants that grow and replicate outside prey bacteria. such mutants are designated host or prey independent, and their nutritional requirements vary. some mutants are saprophytic and require prey extracts for extracellular growth, whereas other ...201121278289
biological characterization of two marine bdellovibrio-and-like organisms isolated from daya bay of shenzhen, china and their application in the elimination of vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster.bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (balos) are a group of highly motile delta-proteobacteria that prey on other gram-negative bacteria. however, nothing is known of the application potential of marine balos in safeguarding seafood safety. here, biological characterization of two marine balos strains and their application in the elimination of vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster (crassostrea ariakensis) at the laboratory scale were investigated. balos strains bdh12 and bdhsh06 were isolated from sedim ...201121899909
a microfluidic concentrator array for quantitative predation assays of predatory microbes.we present a microfabricated concentrator array device that makes it possible to quantify the predation rate of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, a predatory microbe, toward its prey, escherichia coli str. mg1655. the device can accumulate both prey and predator microbes sequentially within a series of concentrator arrays using the motility of the microbes and microfabricated arrowhead-shaped ratchet structures. since the device can constrain both prey and predator cells within 200 pl chambers at a de ...201121761042
assessment of the mobilizable vector plasmids psup202 and psup404.2 as genetic tools for the predatory bacterium bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.bdellovibrio and like organisms (balos) form the group of predatory bacteria which require gram-negative bacteria as prey. genetic studies with bdellovibrio bacteriovorus can be performed with vectors which are introduced into the predator via conjugation. the usefulness of the two vectors psup202 and psup404.2 as genetic tools were assessed. both vectors were transferable into b. bacteriovorus by conjugative matings with an escherichia coli k12 strain as donor. the transfer frequency was higher ...201120824276
prey bacteria shape the community structure of their predators.although predator-prey interactions among higher organisms have been studied extensively, only few examples are known for microbes other than protists and viruses. among the bacteria, the most studied obligate predators are the bdellovibrio and like organisms (balos) that prey on many other bacteria. in the macroscopical world, both predator and prey influence the population size of the other's community, and may have a role in selection. however, selective pressures among prey and predatory bac ...201121326335
predatory bdellovibrio bacteria use gliding motility to scout for prey on surfaces.bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a famously fast, flagellate predatory bacterium, preying upon gram-negative bacteria in liquids; how it interacts with prey on surfaces such as in medical biofilms is unknown. here we report that bdellovibrio bacteria "scout" for prey bacteria on solid surfaces, using slow gliding motility that is present in flagellum-negative and pilus-negative strains.201121515772
effects of orally administered bdellovibrio bacteriovorus on the well-being and salmonella colonization of young chicks.bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a bacterium which preys upon and kills gram-negative bacteria, including the zoonotic pathogens escherichia coli and salmonella. bdellovibrio has potential as a biocontrol agent, but no reports of it being tested in living animals have been published, and no data on whether bdellovibrio might spread between animals are available. in this study, we tried to fill this knowledge gap, using b. bacteriovorus hd100 doses in poultry with a normal gut microbiota or predosed ...201121705523
bacterial predators possess unique membrane lipid structures.bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (balo) are a phylogenetically diverse group of predatory prokaryotes that consists of the two families bdellovibrionaceae and bacteriovoracaceae. we investigated the phospholipid composition of the three important balo strains bacteriovorax stolpii (dsm 12778), bdellovibrio bacteriovorus hd100 (dsm 50701) and peredibacter starrii (dsm 17039). we confirmed the presence of sphingophosphonolipids in b. stolpii, while we characterized sphingophosphonolipids with a 2-a ...201121984111
Bdellovibrios, potential biocontrol bacteria against pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila.Recent studies have revealed that the use of bdellovibrios is an alternative to control bacteriosis. However, no bdellovibrios are available against Aeromonas hydrophila infections in sturgeons. In the present study, a potential Bdellovibrio strain F16 was isolated from sturgeon gut samples, using a sturgeon-pathogenic A. hydrophila as the prey bacterium. It was initially identified as a Bdellovibrio strain using morphological characteristics and specific PCR amplification, and confirmed to be B ...201221864996
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