Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| toxic exoproducts of citrobacter freundii. | a strain of citrobacter freundii isolated from the feces of a patient with diarrhoea was examined for growth kinetics and toxic exoproduct formation using the complete (bhi) and synthetic culture media. it was found that the test organism in synthetic medium grew distinctly slower than in bhi. fractionations on sephadex g-100 column yielded 3 fractions from the complete medium culture filtrate and 2 fractions from the culture filtrate obtained from synthetic medium. the first culture filtrate fr ... | 1985 | 3936878 |
| comparison of the exoproducts of gram-negative bacteria by sds-page. | the protein exoproducts released during exponential growth of gram-negative bacteria were analysed and compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the following bacterial strains were tested: escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, serratia liquefaciens, serratia rubidaea, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, salmonella minnesota, pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas fluorescens. it is demonstrated by sds-page t ... | 1985 | 2408403 |
| characterization of restriction-modification enzymes cfr13 i from citrobacter freundii rfl13. | this communicatiopn describes some properties of rcfr13 i and mcfr13 i, isolated from citrobacter freundii rfl13. rcffr13 i restriction enzyme recognizes the 5'-g gncc sequence and cleaves, as indicated by the arrow. mcfr13 i methylase modifies the internal cytosine producing m5c (5'-ggnm5cc). rcfr13 i is sensitive not only to this type of substrate modification but also to hemimethylation in overlapping sites by mcfr10 i (internal cytosine of rcfr13 i recognition is methylated) and mhpa ii (ext ... | 1985 | 2984047 |
| purification and characterization of selenocysteine beta-lyase from citrobacter freundii. | the purification and characterization of bacterial selenocysteine beta-lyase, an enzyme which specifically catalyzes the cleavage of l-selenocysteine to l-alanine and se0, are presented. the enzyme, purified to near homogeneity from citrobacter freundii, is monomeric with a molecular weight of ca. 64,000 and contains 1 mol of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as a cofactor per mol of enzyme. l-selenocysteine is the sole substrate (km, 0.95 mm). l-cysteine is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme (ki, 0.65 ... | 1985 | 2991201 |
| regulatory components in citrobacter freundii ampc beta-lactamase induction. | citrobacter freundii encodes an inducible chromosomal beta-lactamase similar to the constitutively expressed ampc beta-lactamase of escherichia coli. in the latter species the ampc gene is located next to the fumarate reductase (frd) operon, whereas in c. freundii the ampc gene is known to be separated from frd by 1100 base pairs. this intervening dna segment carries a gene, ampr, coding for a 31-kilodalton polypeptide. the cloned c. freundii os60 ampc gene is inducible by beta-lactam antibiotic ... | 1985 | 2991883 |
| [the toxigenicity of strains of citrobacter freundii]. | 1985 | 3157464 | |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of norfloxacin and other agents against ocular pathogens. | 302 clinical isolates representing 16 bacterial species most often implicated in ocular infections were tested in vitro against norfloxacin and a panel of antibacterial agents. on the basis of the 90% minimal inhibitory concentration (mic90) data, norfloxacin was 4-32 times more active than the next best antimicrobial tested against citrobacter freundii, escherichia coli, morganella morganii, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, haemophilus influenzae, neisseria gonorrhoeae and staphylococcus ep ... | 1985 | 3157551 |
| transfer of amikacin resistance by closely related plasmids in members of the family enterobacteriaceae isolated in chile. | during a 9-month period when amikacin was the sole aminoglycoside used clinically in a hospital in santiago, chile, resistance to amikacin and other antibiotics was encountered in 42 strains of the family enterobacteriaceae, including escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, and serratia liquefaciens. amikacin resistance was transferable by conjugation and carried by incm plasmids ranging in size from ca. 48.4 to 58.1 kilobase pair ... | 1986 | 3015007 |
| comparative evaluation of a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, ytr 830, combined with different beta-lactam antibiotics against bacteria harboring known beta-lactamases. | ytr 830, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, combined with amoxicillin or carbenicillin, showed a synergistic effect similar to that observed with clavulanic acid, and generally better than that with sulbactam, against strains harboring chromosome-encoded penicillinases and broad-spectrum beta-lactamases or plasmid-determined beta-lactamases. with ampicillin, ytr 830 showed the best synergistic activity of the inhibitors against proteus morganii, citrobacter freundii, and enterobacter cloacae and th ... | 1986 | 3015011 |
| synergy of amoxycillin combined with clavulanate and ytr 830 in experimental infections in mice. | ytr 830, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, is synergistic with amoxycillin in vitro against a number of beta-lactamase-producing organisms. the combination of amoxycillin-ytr 830 was compared to amoxycillin-clavulanate in the treatment of experimental staphylococcus aureus, citrobacter freundii and proteus mirabilis infections in mice. both combinations were synergistic with amoxycillin against all three test organisms. the amoxycillin-clavulanate combination was superior against s. aureus and c. ... | 1986 | 3019987 |
| the effects on beta-lactam susceptibility of phenotypic induction and genotypic derepression of beta-lactamase synthesis. | we have compared the ability of beta-lactam antibiotics to induce beta-lactamase synthesis and antagonize the in-vitro activity of other beta-lactams and also to select mutants with derepressed beta-lactamase synthesis amongst representative gram-negative bacilli that produce inducible beta-lactamases. both imipenem and cefoxitin were potent inducers of beta-lactamase and were able to antagonize the activity of other beta-lactams against isolates of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii and ... | 1986 | 3102451 |
| selection of beta-lactamase producers during cephalosporin and penicillin therapy. | treatment failures due to beta-lactamase producing strains of enterobacter cloacae, proteus vulgaris, citrobacter freundii and pseudomonas aeruginosa are frequently reported. it is difficult, however, to determine the underlying mechanism of resistance development. different beta-lactam drugs, such as cephalosporins and penicillins have different ecological impacts on the infections and physiological flora of patients. they select in different ways although the mutation frequency of strains towa ... | 1986 | 3103207 |
| urinary endo-beta-galactosidase capable of depolymerizing polylactosaminoglycans. | human urine was found to contain an endo-beta-galactosidase capable of depolymerizing sulfated and non-sulfated polylactosaminoglycans. using 0.05 m sodium phosphate buffer, ph 7.0, this enzyme was not retained by deae-sephadex a-50 or concanavalin a-sepharose. the urinary endo-beta-galactosidase liberated a disaccharide with chromatographic mobility identical to 6-o-sulfo-glcnac beta 1----3gal as one of the major products from keratan sulfates isolated from whale nasal cartilage, bovine cornea, ... | 1986 | 3084467 |
| growth of salmonellas in different enrichment media. | the usefulness of selenite-f (s-f), tetrathionate (mkt) and rappaport-10 (r-10) broths as enrichment media to support growth of salmonellas either alone or in the presence of other competing organisms was studied. their ability to support the growth of stressed salmonellas from water was also investigated. it was observed that r-10 was more inhibitory to competing organisms than mkt and s-f. it strongly inhibited the growth of pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrobacter freundii and proteus vulgaris tho ... | 1986 | 3093439 |
| substrate specificity of endo-beta-galactosidases from flavobacterium keratolyticus and escherichia freundii is different from that of pseudomonas sp. | the substrate specificity of endo-beta-galactosidase of pseudomonas sp. was found to differ from that of flavobacterium keratolyticus or escherichia freundii, based on the following experimental results. the endo-beta-galactosidases from these three bacteria released 6-o-sulfo-glcnac beta 1-3gal as one of the major products from keratan sulfates from different sources. in addition to the sulfated disaccharide, flavobacterium and escherichia enzymes produced glcnac beta 1-3gal, which is also an i ... | 1986 | 3096984 |
| [catalase-negative citrobacter freundii isolated from the urinary tract]. | 1986 | 3098867 | |
| inducible type i beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria and resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. | mutants, showing either constitutive (depressed) or non-inducible expression of chromosomally-mediated type i beta-lactamase were obtained from clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae, ent. aerogenes, citrobacter freundii, providencia stuartii, morganella morganii, serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the wild-type and mutant strains were compared for susceptibility to a range of beta-lactam antibiotics. derepression of beta-lactamase synthesis generally, but not always, resulted in ... | 1986 | 3485092 |
| antimicrobial activity and beta-lactamase stability of sk&f 88070 compared with other agents. | the in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of sk&f 88070 (7-[[2-amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-3-[[ [1-(2-sulfaminoethyl)-1h-tetrazol-5-yl]thio]methyl]-3- cephem-4-carboxylic acid) a new parenteral cephalosporin was investigated against 780 types of bacteria. sk&f 88070 inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, salmonella species, shigella species, morganella morganii, and citrobacter diversus at less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml. i ... | 1986 | 3485506 |
| sequence of the citrobacter freundii os60 chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase gene. | the citrobacter freundii os60 ampc beta-lactamase gene was sequenced and found to encode a 380-amino-acid-long precursor with a 19-residue signal peptide. the mature protein has a predicted molecular mass of 39781 da. the first 60 residues of the purified enzyme, as determined by sequential edman degradation, are identical to the amino acid sequence inferred from the gene sequence. also, the amino acid composition determined for the purified beta-lactamase and that given by the gene sequence are ... | 1986 | 3486121 |
| the activity of bmy 28142 a new broad spectrum beta-lactamase stable cephalosporin. | the in-vitro activity of bmy 28142, an iminomethoxy, aminothiazolyl cephalosporin containing a methyl pyrrolidinio c-3 was compared with that of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, imipenem and tobramycin against various bacteria. bmy 28142 was the most active agent tested against the enterobacteriaceae inhibiting 90% at less than or equal to 1 mg/l. the in-vitro activity of bmy 28142 was equal to or superior to cefotaxime against the highly susceptible members of the enterobacteriaceae and seve ... | 1986 | 3486862 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of two oral cephalosporins, ceftetrame (ro 19-5247) and cefetamet (ro 15-8074). | ceftetrame (ro 19-5247) and cefetamet (ro 15-8074), two new orally administered aminothiazolyl imimomethoxy cephalosporins, inhibited hemolytic streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae at less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml but were less active against staphylococci than were cephalexin and cefaclor. they did not inhibit s. faecalis, s. faecium, listeria monocytogenes, corynebacterium jk species, or pseudomonas aeruginosa. haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, and neisseria gonor ... | 1986 | 3490827 |
| 7 alpha-formylamino substituent confers beta-lactamase-inactivating potency on 1-oxacephalosporins. | 7 alpha-formylamino-1-oxacephalosporins 7 alpha-formylamino-7 beta-[2- (methylaminocarbonyl)amino-2-(2-thienyl)acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1h -tetra zol-5-yl)thiomethyl]-1-oxa-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (f1) and 7 alpha-formylamino-7 beta-(2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazine-1- yl)carbonylamino]-2-phenylacetamido)-3-[(1-methyl-1h-tetr azol-5-yl) thiomethyl]-1-oxa-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (f2) were stable against penicillinases and, moreover, inactivated cephalosporinases of pseudomonas aeruginosa, cit ... | 1986 | 3490828 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new difluoro oxacephem, 6315-s. | 6315-s, a novel difluoromethyl thioacetamido oxacephem, had in vitro activity comparable to that of cefotaxime and moxalactam against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, salmonella spp., and shigella spp., inhibiting 90% at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml. it inhibited piperacillin- and cefoperazone-resistant isolates in these species. 6315-s did not inhibit cefotaxime- or moxalactam-resistant citrobacter freundii, enterob ... | 1986 | 3492172 |
| beta-lactamase stability of cefpirome (hr 810), a new cephalosporin with a broad antimicrobial spectrum. | cefpirome was highly stable to hydrolysis by various beta-lactamases, although it was hydrolyzed to some extent by r plasmid-mediated penicillinase of richmond-sykes type va/b and by chromosomal cephalosporinases from bacteroides species. the compound had a very low affinity for cephalosporinases from enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, and proteus vulgaris. cefpirome showed strong antimicrobial activity against eight beta-lactamase (cephalosporinase)-producing strai ... | 1986 | 3492175 |
| disk diffusion susceptibility of branhamella catarrhalis and relationship of beta-lactam zone size to beta-lactamase production. | we tested 231 isolates of branhamella catarrhalis for beta-lactamase production and drug susceptibility by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards disk diffusion method. the nitrocephin disk (cefinase) identified beta-lactamase in 98% of the enzyme-producing strains, and a zone diameter of inhibition of less than or equal to 29 mm for penicillin correctly predicted the presence of beta-lactamase in 99% of the isolates. no resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-su ... | 1986 | 3492178 |
| delayed inactivation of citrobacter freundii cephalosporinase by 6 beta-[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl]penicillin sulfone. | when citrobacter freundii cephalosporinase was incubated with 6 beta-[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl]penicillin sulfone (cloxacillin sulfone) in phosphate buffer, the enzyme was suddenly inactivated just after the completion of enzymatic degradation of the cloxacillin sulfone. such delayed inactivation was due to a secondary inhibitor formed from cloxacillin sulfone during the incubation period. the inactivation was delayed due to the protection of the enzyme by cloxacillin sulfone fro ... | 1986 | 3493233 |
| gram-negative septicemia in american alligators (alligator mississippiensis). | six species of bacteria (family enterobacteriaceae) not commonly reported as associated with disease in american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) were documented, suggesting that aeromonas is not the only bacterium responsible for septicemia in crocodilians. these included citrobacter freundii, enterobacter agglomerans, proteus sp., morganella morganii, serratia marcescens, and klebsiella oxytoca. clinical signs of disease included intensive basking, anorexia, lethargy, flaccid limb paral ... | 1986 | 3503133 |
| mutation of escherichia coli capable of expressing gene(s) for beta-lactamase production of citrobacter freundii. | a mutation in a chromosomal gene of escherichia coli, designated reb, acted in trans to increase the expression of the cloned beta-lactamase gene of citrobacter freundii. the reb gene was located around 99 min. deletion mutants in the cloned gene(s) which had lost the regulatory region for induction were also constructed. | 1986 | 3518627 |
| improved immunological membrane filter method for detection of food-borne salmonella strains. | an improved membrane filter method that involves the use of an enzyme-labeled antibody stain has been developed for the rapid detection of salmonella species in foods. the procedure is carried out directly on a hydrophobic grid-membrane filter without requiring transfer by blotting to nitrocellulose. pure cultures of 54 salmonella species and 10 foods artificially contaminated with salmonella colindale gave a positive reaction in which salmonella colonies were visible as purple dots. of 11 nonsa ... | 1986 | 3524458 |
| ferric ammonium citrate decomposition--a taxonomic tool for gram-negative bacteria. | the iron uptake test of szabó and vandra has been modified and used for the differentiation of gram-negative bacteria. nutrient agar containing 20 g per litre of ferric ammonium citrate was distributed into narrow tubes and solidified so as to form butts and slants. considering the localization of the rusty-brown coloration produced after seeding and incubation, 2367 strains were classified into four groups. (1) unchanged medium: escherichia coli, shigella spp., yersinia spp., hafnia alvei and m ... | 1986 | 3529797 |
| magnesium-dependent plaque formation by bacteriophage p1cinc(-) on escherichia coli c and shigella sonnei. | phage p1c(-), in a state of the phage not infective to escherichia coli k12, was able to form plaques on a wild-type strain of e. coli c and on shigella sonnei in the presence of mg2+. citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, and a salmonella typhimurium gale mutant were not lysed by, but were lysogenized with p1cinc(-), whereas klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus rettgeri, and s. typhimurium lt2 were not susceptible to either p1cinc(-) or p1cinc(+). the lipopolysaccharide structure of e. coli c ... | 1986 | 3535235 |
| prevalence of colonization with antibiotic resistant gram-negative bacilli in a nursing home care unit: the importance of cross-colonization as documented by plasmid analysis. | a prevalence study was carried out on a 100-bed veterans administration nursing home care unit to determine the extent of colonization with gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli (grgnb). hand cultures of 12 employees and 17 environmental cultures were negative. twenty-six of 86 (30%) patients were colonized with 49 grgnb. sixteen patients (19%) had urinary colonization. multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between rectal or perineal colonization (p less than 0.01), and th ... | 1986 | 3536783 |
| properties of free and bound citrobacter freundii lipopolysaccharides. | culture medium content of free lipopolysaccharide (lps) components spontaneously released from a citrobacter freundii culture grown in minimum synthetic medium was determined during early (8-hr culture) and late (24-hr culture) phases of growth. as judged by limulus-lysate test, free lps occurred in the medium as early as after 8 hrs of incubation, i.e. at the beginning of log growth phase. as the culture continued to grow the lps amount released into culture medium kept rising, reaching 30% of ... | 1986 | 2433327 |
| [reasons for the formation of hydrogen sulfide in regenerated water]. | the factors responsible for the formation of hydrogen sulphide in the water reclaimed from the atmospheric condensate were investigated. it was found that hydrogen sulphide developed in reclaimed water due to microorganisms which in the presence of inorganic sulphur (sodium thiosulphate) acquired the capacity to produce hydrogen sulphide, although normally they are not sulphur reducing. among the microorganisms studied, e. coli showed the highest capacity (100%) and streptococcus faecalis and ci ... | 1986 | 2878108 |
| in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin compared with other agents against recent hospital isolates. | ciprofloxacin's in vitro activity was tested against 385 hospital isolates originating from three geographically distinct regions. of all strains tested, only three (1 acinetobacter sp. and 2 pseudomonas aeruginosa) were ciprofloxacin resistant. ciprofloxacin was more active against escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, acinetobacter sp., proteus sp., shigella sp. than gentamicin, mezlocillin and cefotaxime. it was more active than azlocillin and cefsulodin against p. a ... | 1986 | 2939966 |
| [citrobacter freundii: in vivo emergence of a mutant resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics during treatment with ceftazidime]. | 1986 | 2944097 | |
| conservation of dna sequences for plasmid-mediated citrate utilization within the enterobacteria. | southern blot dna-dna hybridization experiments with a cloned cit+ dna fragment as a probe showed that the plasmid-mediated cit+ determinants from four cit plasmids (r726, poh3001, poh3035, and poh30221) were all homologous. sequences homologous to the plasmid-borne cit+ gene were also found in total bacterial dna isolated from salmonella paratyphi b, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium lt-2, citrobacter freundii, atcc 8090, citrobacter amalonaticus atcc 25405, klebsiella pneumoniae i ... | 1986 | 3941048 |
| studies on microorganisms secured from different organs of slaughtered sheep with special reference to the microbial load in certain muscles. | a total of 312 samples collected from different organs and muscles of dead, disabled, diseased, dying, and normal carcasses of sheep were examined bacteriologically to determine the different species of microorganisms as to their public health significance. in addition, the aerobic plate count (apc) and most probable number (mpn) coliform/g were determined of musculus biceps brachii, musculus quadriceps femoris, and musculus longissimus dorsi. the mean bacterial load was higher in summer than in ... | 1986 | 3964203 |
| evaluation of a commercial beta-glucuronidase test for the rapid and economical identification of escherichia coli. | a commercial beta-glucuronidase (beta-gur) test for the rapid and economical identification of escherichia coli was evaluated. a total of 762 clinical strains and 228 environmental isolates were studied. more than 95% of the e. coli strains were found to be beta-gur positive. thirty-one clinical isolates of shigella sonnei, 10 of enterobacter cloacae, eight of enterobacter aerogenes, nine of citrobacter freundii and one of salmonella enteritidis also gave positive results. the enzyme beta-gur wa ... | 1986 | 3549665 |
| antibiotics in the second half of the 1980s. areas of future development and the effect of new agents on aminoglycoside use. | articles in this supplement have examined in detail the role of aminoglycosides in the therapy of infections, addressing problems of resistance, toxicity, and efficacy. this article discusses other agents and their potential utility and effect on aminoglycosides. penem antibiotics, which have activity against only aerobic gram-negative bacteria, have recently been synthesized. these agents have proved effective in animal experiments; to date, however, results of human clinical trials are not ava ... | 1986 | 3460336 |
| evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin against nosocomial infections and multiresistant pathogens. | thirty-five patients suffering from soft tissue infections (12), upper utis (6), bronchopneumonia (6), septicaemia (2), chronic osteomyelitis (2), intra-abdominal abscess (2), liver abscess (1), lung abscess (1), acute cholangitis (1), thoracic empyema (1) and chronic prostatitis (1) were given imipenem/cilastatin for 6-21 days. in 22 patients several aggravating factors coexisted, while infection in 16 patients was polymicrobial. the following pathogens were implicated: pseudomonas aeruginosa ( ... | 1986 | 3469191 |
| in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and beta-lactamase stability of rs-533, a novel carbapenem. | rs-533 is a novel carbapenem antibiotic. its activity was compared with that of imipenem and the new cephalosporins, aztreonam, piperacillin, and tobramycin. rs-533 had activity comparable to that of imipenem, inhibiting the majority of the enterobacteriaceae, streptococci, staphylococci, and bacteroides species at concentrations of less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. rs-533 inhibited enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens resistant to ceftazidime, aztreonam, and ... | 1986 | 3545068 |
| chromosomal beta-lactam resistance in enterobacteria. | most enterobacterial species carry a chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase gene. in escherichia coli and shigella, expression from ampc is non-inducible and the beta-lactamase is synthesized at low levels. mutations leading to increased beta-lactamase synthesis occur rather infrequently, making resistance to modern cephalosporins a rare event in these species. in other enterobacteria and pseudomonas, ampc beta-lactamase synthesis is induced by beta-lactams. in enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundi ... | 1986 | 3547624 |
| in vitro activity of ci-934, a new quinolone, compared with that of other quinolones and other antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activity of ci-934, a new 4-quinolone, was determined against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the mics for 90% of the isolates tested were 0.25 microgram/ml for streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.5 microgram/ml for streptococcus faecalis, 0.25 microgram/ml for staphylococci, including methicillin-resistant strains, and less than or equal to 1.0 microgram/ml for escherichia coli, salmonella and shigella spp., klebsiella spp., proteus spp., and citrobacter spp. ci-934 had activity ... | 1986 | 3729343 |
| novobiocin-brilliant green-glucose agar: new medium for isolation of salmonellae. | a new medium, called novobiocin-brilliant green-glucose (nbg) agar, was developed for the isolation of salmonella spp. and evaluated against other conventionally used media including bismuth sulfite, xylose-lysine decarboxylase, brilliant green-sulfa, hektoen enteric, and salmonella-shigella agars. nbg had recovery rates comparable to the other enteric media tested with pure cultures as well as with naturally contaminated amphibian and reptile waters and fecal specimens. however, nbg, hektoen en ... | 1986 | 3767359 |
| ultrasonic irradiation of bacterial polysaccharides. characterization of the depolymerized products and some applications of the process. | ultrasonic irradiation (u.i.) has been used to depolymerize biopolymers including dna, dextran, and the vi capsular polysaccharide from citrobacter freundii. representative bacterial polysaccharides were subjected to u.i. and the effect of this energy upon their molecular weight and chemical structure was characterized. u.i. depolymerized a neutral polysaccharide (dextran) and acidic polysaccharides containing either a phosphoric diester linkage [haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) and pneumococ ... | 1986 | 3768916 |
| comparative "in vitro" activity of ciprofloxacin (bay o9867) and other antimicrobial agents against urinary bacterial isolates. | ciprofloxacin (bay o9867) is a new quinolone derivative. its activity against 537 urinary bacterial isolates was compared with those of ampicillin, amikacin, carbenicillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, nalidixic and oxolinic acids, norfloxacin, trimethoprim, and other antimicrobial agents, when appropriate. it inhibited 90% of citrobacter freundii, enterobacter spp., e. coli, klebsiella spp., proteus spp., and serratia spp. at 0.78 microgram/ml. the majority of pseudomonas aeru ... | 1986 | 3769047 |
| occurrence and clinical significance of tyrosine clearing positive citrobacter freundii in human faecal specimens. | 59 tyrosine clearing positive citrobacter strains were isolated from a total of 2062 human faecal specimens, specifically from 1167 healthy people and from 895 patients suffering from different gastrointestinal syndromes. all strains were identified biochemically as citrobacter freundii. citrobacter diversus 100% positive for tyrosine clearing could not be isolated in any case. citrobacter freundii was found twice as frequently in stools of healthy human beings than of patients. there is a stati ... | 1986 | 3788353 |
| multiple drug-resistant citrobacter freundii infection mimicking typhoid fever. | 1986 | 3791397 | |
| [ability of citrobacter freundii strains isolated in acute intestinal infections to produce lt-enterotoxin]. | c. freundii enteropathogenic strains were found to be capable of producing choleroform thermolabile enterotoxin. thus, in the study of 96 c. freundii strains 38 enterotoxin-producing cultures (39.5%) were revealed by means of the molecular-biological techniques and 29 such cultures (30.0%), by means of the radioimmunoassay (ria). 100% coincidence was noted in the results of tests for enterotoxigenicity, made by means of ria or hybridization techniques with the use of the lt-probe containing a cl ... | 1986 | 3825350 |
| in vitro activity of two new aryl-fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents, difloxacin (a-56619) and a-56620 compared to that of other antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activity of difloxacin (a-56619) and a-56620, two new aryl-difluoroquinolones, was compared to that of other new quinolones and several parenteral and oral antimicrobial agents. a-56620 inhibited 90% of enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml, staphylococcus aureus 0.25 micrograms/ml, hemolytic streptococci 2 micrograms/ml, pseudomonas aeruginosa 2 micrograms/ml, bacteroides sp. and clostridium at 8 micrograms/ml. a-56620 was equal or 2-fold more active than norfl ... | 1987 | 3549179 |
| emergence of ofloxacin-resistant citrobacter freundii and pseudomonas maltophilia after ofloxacin therapy. | 1987 | 3478330 | |
| failure to detect hydrogen-sulphide production in lactose/sucrose-fermenting enterobacteriaceae, using triple sugar iron agar. | triple sugar iron agar failed to detect hydrogen sulphide in 44 out of 69 hydrogen-sulphide producing strains of enterobacteriaceae, which at the same time fermented lactose and/or sucrose. the species involved were salmonella typhi, salmonella enteritidis, citrobacter freundii, escherichia coli, and proteus vulgaris. by contrast, no false-negative reactions were observed in 74 strains, which fermented neither lactose nor sucrose. failure to detect hydrogen sulphide was probably due to acidifica ... | 1987 | 3551500 |
| inducing capacity of the combinations mecillinam-ampicillin and mecillinam-ceftazidime in comparison with the capacity of the compounds administered separately. | the inducing capacity of mecillinam in combination with ampicillin or ceftazidime was compared with that of the compounds administered separately and related to the inducing capacity of cefoxitin (1 and 10 micrograms/ml) for the chromosomal beta-lactamases from enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, citrobacter freundii, indole-positive proteus, and acinetobacter strains. in the majority of the strains all compounds tested alone or in combination showed a lower inducing capacity than cefoxit ... | 1987 | 3552473 |
| oral ciprofloxacin in the treatment of elderly patients with complicated urinary tract infections due to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant bacteria. | the effectiveness and safety of ciprofloxacin, a new quinolone antibiotic, were prospectively evaluated in the treatment of patients with complicated urinary tract infections caused by gram-negative organisms resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. twenty-five elderly (mean age, 70.4 years) patients (24 men and one woman) were enrolled. initial pathogens included pseudomonas aeruginosa (15 isolates), escherichia coli (five isolates), enterobacter aerogenes (one isolate), citrobacter freundii ... | 1987 | 3555051 |
| in-vitro activity of two new quinolone antimicrobial agents, s-25930 and s-25932 compared with that of other agents. | s-25930 and s-25932, two new 4-quinolones, were compared to ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, trimethoprim, and ampicillin. s-25930 and s-25932 inhibited 90% of enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 1 mg/l, usually differing only two-fold. the mic90 for pseudomonas aeruginosa was 8 mg/l for s-25930 and 16 mg/l for s-25932, compared to mics of 1 to 8 for the other four quinolones. both drugs inhibited enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and citro ... | 1987 | 3571042 |
| comparative in vitro activity of carumonam (ro 17-2301/ama-1080), a new monobactam, and ceftriaxone against aerobic or facultative gram-negative isolates. | carumonam (ro 17-2301/ama-1080) is a new monobactam antibiotic. a comparative in vitro evaluation with ceftriaxone was undertaken against 153 gram-negative clinical aerobic or facultative bacteria, both producers and nonproducers of beta-lactamase. results indicated that carumonam had an enhancement of activity for pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae and parallelled that of ceftriaxone against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus ... | 1987 | 3595259 |
| in vitro susceptibility of citrobacter species to various antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activities of 16 antimicrobial agents against 14 clinical isolates of citrobacter diversus and 27 isolates of citrobacter freundii were studied. c. freundii isolates were more resistant, being susceptible only to amikacin, netilmicin, gentamicin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and enoxacin. c. diversus isolates were susceptible to many more of the agents tested. | 1987 | 3606084 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of cefpirome, a new cephalosporin with a broad antimicrobial spectrum. | the in vitro activity of cefpirome (hr 810), a new cephalosporin antibiotic having a 2,3-cyclopentenopyridine group in the 3-position side chain, was compared with in vitro activities of 5 other cephalosporins. hr 810 showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria when tested using 71 standard strains and 876 clinical isolates. hr 810 inhibited 70% of the clinically isolated staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis strains when used ... | 1987 | 3669290 |
| citrobacter freundii endocarditis in an intravenous drug abuser. | we have reported the third case of citrobacter endocarditis. echocardiograms were invaluable in establishing the diagnosis. ours is the first reported case of citrobacter endocarditis to be cured by antimicrobial therapy alone. | 1987 | 3686149 |
| in vitro activity of a new broad spectrum, beta-lactamase-stable oral cephalosporin, cefixime. | cefixime is a new orally absorbed iminomethoxy, aminothiazolyl cephalosporin. it inhibits the majority, 90%, of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, branhamella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis and neisseria gonorrhoeae at concentrations less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml. it inhibits 90% of the other members of the enterobacteriaceae at concentrations less than 1 microgram/ml, with the exception of some strains of ... | 1987 | 3696836 |
| the arac gene of citrobacter freundii. | the arac gene of citrobacter freundii was cloned into plasmid pbr322 and expressed in escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium. the nucleotide sequence and the predicted translational product were determined and compared to those of e. coli, s. typhimurium and erwinia carotovora. the predicted translational product is 281 amino acids (aa) long, identical in size to that of s. typhimurium, and is 11 and 29 aa shorter than that of e. coli and e. carotovora, respectively. the nucleotide sequence ... | 1987 | 2965663 |
| [effect of silver preparations on the microflora regenerated from a condensate of atmospheric water vapor in a hermetically-sealed chamber]. | the effect of different silver compounds (silver sulphate, silver nitrate, electrolytic ionic silver) on microorganisms in water reclaimed from the atmospheric condensate in an enclosed environment was investigated. the following microorganisms were examined: alcaligenes faecalis, citrobacter freundii. aeromonas hydrophila, staphylococcus epidermidis, etc. the ionic silver concentrations in solution varied from 0.1 to 10 mg/l. the efficiency of the silver compounds was found to depend on the mic ... | 1987 | 2886695 |
| differential effects of oncogenic transformation on n-linked oligosaccharide processing at individual glycosylation sites of viral glycoproteins. | hamster sarcoma virus (hsv) transformation of nil-8 fibroblasts is associated with an increase in the average size of n-acetyllactosamine (complex) type n-linked glycans due to an increase in both the average number of branches/chain and in the fraction of n-linked glycans containing poly(glcnac(beta 1,3) gal-(beta 1,4)) (polylactosaminylglycan) chains. analysis of glycopeptides from the envelope glycoproteins of sindbis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) grown in nil-8 and nil/hsv cells ... | 1987 | 2824491 |
| production of escherichia coli sta-like heat-stable enterotoxin by citrobacter freundii isolated from humans. | citrobacter species are often present in the stools of children and are generally considered a normal component of the intestinal microflora. previous reports suggested that they might act as enteric pathogens. aiming at defining the role of citrobacter species in inducing diarrhea, we looked for their presence in the stools of 328 children with diarrhea and in 108 controls. citrobacter strains were isolated from 46 patients (14%) and 7 controls (6.5%) (p less than 0.05). all isolates were teste ... | 1987 | 3539984 |
| cloning of genes from members of the family enterobacteriaceae with mini-mu bacteriophage containing plasmid replicons. | an in vivo cloning system that uses derivatives of the escherichia coli bacteriophage mu with plasmid replicons has been extended to five different species of the family enterobacteriaceae. mu and these mini-mu replicon elements were introduced into strains of e. coli, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium, citrobacter freundii, and proteus mirabilis by infection, by transformation, or by conjugation with newly constructed broad-host-range plasmids containing insertions of these elements. ly ... | 1987 | 3542967 |
| identification of the active site of citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase using dansyl-penicillin. | the active site sequence of a beta-lactamase encoded by chromosomal gene(s) in citrobacter freundii gn346 was determined using dansyl-penicillin as a fluorescent probe. the tryptic digest of the labelled enzyme gave a fluorescent peptide containing 22 amino acids. the sequence of this peptide was identical to the consensus sequence of class c beta-lactamases, gly-ser-x-ser-lys. the residue labelled was the serine adjacent to the glycine. the active site sequence corresponded to positions 46-67 o ... | 1987 | 3496243 |
| ceftazidime and amikacin alone and in combination against pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacteriaceae. | the efficacy of ceftazidime alone and combined with amikacin was studied in a rabbit model simulating closed-space infections at locally neutropenic sites. six strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, and six enterobacteriaceae (two strains each of klebsiella pneumoniae and serratia marcescens and one strain each of escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii) in pooled rabbit serum were each inoculated into separate subcutaneous semipermeable chambers. intramuscular antibiotic therapy was begun 4 hr la ... | 1987 | 3100127 |
| structural characterization of the mr = 55,000 antigen (zp3) of porcine oocyte zona pellucida. purification and characterization of alpha- and beta-glycoproteins following digestion of lactosaminoglycan with endo-beta-galactosidase. | the major macromolecular component of the porcine oocyte zona pellucida is a mr = 55,000 antigen, termed zp3, comprised of greater than 25 charge isomers. zp3 was purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity from nonreduced, sodium dodecyl sulfate-treated porcine zonae pellucidae by chromatography on sephacryl s-400 and hydroxylapatite resins. the carbohydrate moiety of purified zp3 was comprised of a heterogeneous population of acidic lactosaminoglycans as evidenced by the saccharide compos ... | 1987 | 3100514 |
| [demonstration of glycocalyx formation in vitro in citrobacter freundii, proteus mirabilis and planococcus sp.: the effect of polyosidases]. | three bacterial species of different origin, citrobacter freundii, proteus mirabilis and planococcus sp., formed glycocalyx in vitro and thereby showed that the phenomena does not only occur in vivo contrary to the opinion of many authors. the glycocalyx was produced in the attachment processes used or both extra- and intercellular attachment. the aggregates formed caused large errors in bacterial counts and led to questioning of the very principle of the counting procedures. the glycocalyx was ... | 1987 | 3135828 |
| [etiology of corneal ulcers with special reference to bacterial genesis]. | the authors report on 134 patients (141 eyes) seen between may 1982 and december 1985 with corneal ulcers with or without hypopyon. eight patients (11 eyes) had a facial palsy, 7 (7 eyes) a varicella zoster infection, 1 (2 eyes) a marginal ulcer ("furrow keratitis") associated with collagenosis, 29 (29 eyes) an ulcerative keratitis with endophthalmitis, 1 (2 eyes) a pemphigoid-associated ulcer and 90 (92 eyes) a herpetic infection. pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated from 20 patients: 10 ... | 1987 | 3295371 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new monobactam, b0-1165. | b0-1165 is a 1-carboxy-1-cyclopropoxyamino,4-fluoromethyl monobactam. it inhibited the majority of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, aeromonas hydrophila, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, providencia rettgeri, providencia stuartii, yersinia enterocolitica, haemophilus influenzae, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and salmonella and shigella species at less than or equal to 0.125 microgram/ml. overall, its in vitro activity was similar to that of aztreona ... | 1987 | 3300528 |
| identification of two different hemolysin determinants in uropathogenic proteus isolates. | dna sequences similar to those of the escherichia coli hemolysin genes were detected among uropathogenic isolates of proteus vulgaris and morganella morganii by using the southern blotting technique and hly gene-specific dna probe. immunoblotting revealed that among the hemolytic p. vulgaris and m. morganii isolates there was expressed a polypeptide species similar in molecular size (110 kilodaltons) and antigenicity to escherichia coli hlya. a plasmid-mediated p. vulgaris hemolysin determinant ... | 1987 | 3305367 |
| cell turnover and colon tumor development. | the proliferative characteristics of the large bowel are determined genetically and can vary over a wide range, the lower range being resistant to chemically induced tumors and the upper range expressing susceptibility. basically, the colon has a relatively high level of cell renewal. it can be further elevated or depressed by a number of dietary and environmental conditions. a hyperproliferative state has been induced by the presence of carrageenan, citrobacter freundii, nonspecific injury, or ... | 1987 | 3306653 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of cs-807, a new oral cephalosporin. | cs-807 is a new oral prodrug of r-3746, a cephalosporin derivative, with potent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the susceptibility of about 1,200 clinical isolates to r-3746 was determined by the agar dilution method. ninety percent or more of pathogens such as staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, indole-positive and indole-negative proteus spp., providencia rettgeri, a ... | 1987 | 3310868 |
| [the antimicrobial activity of sisomicin against fresh clinical isolates]. | antimicrobial activities of sisomicin (siso) against clinical isolates obtained in the second half of 1986 were investigated together with other 4 aminoglycosides (ags) (gentamicin (gm), tobramycin (tob), dibekacin (dkb), amikacin (amk] and 2 cephems (cefotiam, cefotaxime), and were compared to the results reported in the period of late 1970's through early 1980's in japan. 1. the incidence of siso-resistant staphylococcus aureus in the present study was 18% and is comparable to that of the othe ... | 1987 | 3327965 |
| basic studies of hydrogen evolution by escherichia coli containing a cloned citrobacter freundii hydrogenase gene. | citrobacter freundii genes that complemented escherichia coli hyd-(hydrogenase activity) mutation were cloned in plasmids pcbh4 (6.2 kb) and pcbh6(5.7 kb). hydrogen evolution by the transformant e. coli hk-8(pcbh4 or pcbh6) was investigated. the optimum culture temperature of recombinant e. coli cells for hydrogen evolution from glucose was in the neighborhood of 18 degrees c. the recombinant e. coli cells cultured at this condition showed a several-fold increase of hydrogen evolution, as compar ... | 1987 | 2840852 |
| [properties of tnt-degrading enzymes in intact cells of citrobacter freundii]. | 1987 | 3439160 | |
| [antimicrobial activity of sulbactam/cefoperazone. comparison with other new cephems]. | antimicrobial activities of sulbactam/cefoperazone (sbt/cpz) against 50 fresh clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter spp., serratia marcescens, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris and pseudomonas aeruginosa were compared to those of cpz, cefotiam (ctm), cefotaxime (ctx) and latamoxef (lmox). minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic's) of sbt and cpz mixed in a ratio of 1:1 were determined by the dilution method using ... | 1987 | 3444015 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1985). i. susceptibility distribution]. | the results of determinations of sensitivities of bacterial strains to various antibiotics are summarized as follows: 1. against escherichia coli, ofloxacin (oflx) showed the strongest activity among oral antibacterial and antibiotic agents. its mic90 was below 0.10 micrograms/ml. the next strongest activity was found in mecillinam (mpc), cefaclor (ccl) and pipemidic acid (ppa); mic90's of these agents 3.13 micrograms/ml. cefotiam (ctm), cefotaxime (ctx), ceftizoxime (czx), cefmenoxime (cmx) and ... | 1987 | 3448255 |
| [kinetic study of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine synthesis in citrobacter freundii cells immobilized in carrageenan]. | a kinetic study was carried out of the enzymatic synthesis of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (dopa) by the citrobacter freundii 62 cells, possessing tyrosine-phenol-lyase (tpl) activity, immobilized in carrageenan, and optimum conditions of the reaction were found. the dependence of the tpl activity and its stability on the conditions of the dopa synthesis was investigated. the tpl activity was higher and more stable in the immobilized cells as compared to free ones. | 1987 | 3106951 |
| coagglutination and enzyme capture tests for detection of escherichia coli beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and glutamate decarboxylase. | polyclonal antibodies to escherichia coli beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and glutamate decarboxylase were used in coagglutination tests for identification of these three enzymes in cell lysates. enzyme capture assays were also developed for the detection of e. coli beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase. the enzymes were released by using a gentle lysis procedure that did not interfere with antibody-enzyme interactions. all three enzymes were detected in 93% (51 of 55) of the e. coli ... | 1987 | 3111364 |
| bacterial interference by anaerobic species isolated from human feces. | eighty-four anaerobic fecal isolates obtained from five healthy volunteers were tested for their ability to inhibit in vitro growth of eight species of enterobacteriaceae, four species of faculative gram-positive cocci, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. forty-nine of the 84 anaerobic isolates (58%) inhibited the growth of at least one indicator bacterium. isolates of bacteroides and bifidobacterium spp. were most consistently inhibitory. anaerobic cocci and clostridia were infrequently inhibitory; eub ... | 1987 | 3113937 |
| clinical consequences of development of resistance to third generation cephalosporins. | eighteen patients are described in whom initially sensitive microorganisms were replaced by resistant isolates during administration of ceftriaxone (n = 8), cefoperazone (n = 5), moxalactam (n = 4), cefotaxime (n = 2) or ceftazidime (n = 1), despite combination with aminoglycosides. all patients had documented gram-negative infections; in 12 patients underlying haematological diseases were present. resistant strains of enterobacter cloacae (14), serratia marcescens (4), klebsiella oxytoca (3), p ... | 1987 | 3117534 |
| [bacteriologic quality of water from the rhine and its tributaries in the rhine-neckar region. i. bacterial count and enterobacteriaceae of the current status of pollution]. | during the period of may 1982 to january 1983 and march 1986 to may 1986, 164 water-specimens had been collected along the river rhine and its affluxes in the overcrowded rhine-neckar-region from 34 collecting-sites on 8 different days. the specimens were tested for the total-germ-count and the titers of different enterobacteriaceae-species. the total-germ-count examined concentrations of several hundreds up to 1.8 million germ in 1 ml river-water. extremely high concentrations were found along ... | 1987 | 3118608 |
| a modified conductance medium for the detection of salmonella spp. | selenite-cystine/trimethylamine oxide/dulcitol medium has been used in conjunction with conductance instruments to detect the presence of salmonella spp. in foods and faeces. however, a small but significant number of salmonella strains were missed by this method. the majority of these strains were detected when dulcitol was substituted by mannitol and tested on two separate malthus conductance instruments. some strains of citrobacter freundii and escherichia coli continued to give false positiv ... | 1987 | 3126173 |
| common mechanism of ampc beta-lactamase induction in enterobacteria: regulation of the cloned enterobacter cloacae p99 beta-lactamase gene. | expression of the chromosomal beta-lactamase from the ampc gene in inducible in both enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. cloning of ampc as well as its regulatory gene, ampr, from e. cloacae p99 revealed a gene organization indentical to that of c. freundii in the corresponding region. although almost no similarities could be found between the restriction maps of ampc and ampr in the two species, the genes cross-hybridize. also, both ampr gene products have a size of about 31,000. the ... | 1987 | 3027046 |
| inactivation of the ampd gene causes semiconstitutive overproduction of the inducible citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase. | in citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae, synthesis of ampc beta-lactamase is inducible by the addition of beta-lactams to the growth medium. spontaneous mutants that constitutively overproduce the enzyme occur at a high frequency. when the c. freundii ampc beta-lactamase gene is cloned into escherichia coli together with the regulatory gene ampr, beta-lactamase expression from the clone is inducible. spontaneous cefotaxime-resistant mutants were selected from an e. coli strain carrying ... | 1987 | 3032901 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of diethyldithiocarbamate and dimethyldithiocarbamate against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus. | staphylococcus aureus has appeared which is highly resistant to both methicillin and aminoglycosides. current therapy involves long-term intravenous therapy of vancomycin. since vancomycin is currently the only drug used to treat these patients, there is a need to develop additional antimicrobial therapy. the in vitro antimicrobial effect of the metal chelator, diethyldithiocarbamate (ddtc) and its structural analog dimethyldithiocarbamate (dmtc) were investigated. both ddtc and dmtc were effect ... | 1987 | 3037985 |
| ceftazidime combined with mecillinam: serum bactericidal titres compared with in-vitro synergy against gram-negative bacilli. | in a study of the possible interaction between mecillinam and ceftazidime against gram-negative bacilli, ten volunteers received on separate days: ceftazidime 20 mg/kg iv in 15 min, mecillinam 10 mg/kg iv in 15 min, or the combination. blood samples were obtained before and 1 and 6 h after the end of the infusion. ten strains each of klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens, citrobacter freundii, salmonella spp. and yersinia spp. and nine strains each of acinetobacter spp., and pseudomonas aer ... | 1988 | 3045067 |
| hydrolytic rate at low drug concentration as a limiting factor in resistance to newer cephalosporins. | hydrolysis kinetics of two cephalosporinases from citrobacter freundii and proteus vulgaris having different affinities for cefotaxime and ceftazidime was assessed in studies with cefotaxime, ceftazidime, bmy-28142, and imipenem. the two cephalosporinase genes were cloned into strains of escherichia coli. the production of these cephalosporinases in strains of e. coli, as well as in the derepressed mutants of c. freundii and p. vulgaris, caused a decrease in susceptibility to the newer cephalosp ... | 1988 | 3055173 |
| plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase (tem-7) involved in resistance to ceftazidime and aztreonam. | tem-7, a novel tem-type beta-lactamase (pi 5.41) encoded on a plasmid of approximately 85 kilobases, was found in a clinical isolate of citrobacter freundii. strains containing this enzyme exhibited decreased susceptibility to ceftazidime (64-fold) and aztreonam (16-fold) but not to other third-generation cephalosporins. addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor--clavulanic acid, sulbactam, or ytr 830--restored normal susceptibility to associated compounds such as ampicillin, piperacillin, ceftazid ... | 1988 | 3055178 |
| plasmid-mediated resistance to third-generation cephalosporins caused by point mutations in tem-type penicillinase genes. | infections due to strains of klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, and citrobacter freundii resistant to third-generation cephalosporins have been observed recently in france and the federal republic of germany. this resistance phenotype is due to the production of new plasmid-mediated, broad-substrate-range beta-lactamases designated tem-3 to tem-7. dna-dna hybridization analysis with a probe specific for tem-1 indicated that the corresponding genes blat-3 to blat-7 were variants of the stru ... | 1988 | 3055179 |
| bacteriological studies with ampicillin/sulbactam on selected strains of gram-negative bacteria. | antibacterial activity of sulbactam or ampicillin alone and in combination on ampicillin-resistant, beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria (citrobacter freundii and escherichia coli) was studied. inhibition of beta-lactamase activity by sulbactam was investigated using intact and disrupted cells. minimal inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin were high but decreased significantly in the presence of sulbactam. similar enzyme inhibition was observed with intact and disrupted bacterial ce ... | 1988 | 3067960 |
| induction of chromosomal beta-lactamases by different concentrations of clavulanic acid in combination with ticarcillin. | the effect of different concentrations of clavulanic acid (ca) in combination with ticarcillin on beta-lactamase production and ticarcillin mic was studied in four clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, citrobacter freundii and indole positive proteus strains. ticarcillin alone showed a low inducing effect for all species tested, ser. marcescens excepted. the increase in beta-lactamase activity after addition of ca (2-10 mg/l) was strain and speci ... | 1988 | 3128523 |
| in vitro activity of temafloxacin, a new difluoro quinolone antimicrobial agent. | temafloxacin, a new difluoro quinolone, inhibited the majority of enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml. it was 4-8-fold less active than ciprofloxacin and 2-fold less active than ofloxacin. cefotaxime and imipenem-resistant isolates such as enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and acinetobacter spp. were inhibited. temafloxacin inhibited neisseria, branhamella, and haemophilus species at less than 0.25 microgram/ml. methicillin-susceptible and ... | 1988 | 3132380 |
| in vitro evaluation of e1040, a new cephalosporin with potent antipseudomonal activity. | e1040 is a new parenteral cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum and potent antipseudomonal activity. the compound was four- to eightfold more active than ceftazidime and cefsulodin against pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic of e1040 for 90% of strains tested [mic90], 3.13 micrograms/ml). e1040 also showed a potent activity against other glucose-nonfermentative rods, including acinetobacter species. the activities of e1040 against most species of the family enterobacteriaceae were roughly co ... | 1988 | 3134847 |
| [susceptibilities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents. focusing mainly on ofloxacin (first report). reported by the research group for testing ofloxacin susceptibility of clinical isolates]. | susceptibility tests were carried out on a variety of clinically isolated pathogens using the susceptibility disc method at 197 hospitals in japan between may, 1985 through march, 1986. these tests were organized by the research group for testing ofloxacin susceptibility on clinical isolates, and the results were statistically analyzed. this paper describes a comparison of susceptibilities of clinical isolates including staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis, st ... | 1988 | 3163383 |
| [susceptibility of gram-negative bacterial isolates to six beta-lactam and two aminoglycoside antibiotics at our university hospital]. | susceptibilities of gram-negative bacterial strains isolated at the university hospital in 1987 to six beta-lactam antibiotics (azthreonam cefmetazole, ceftizoxime, latamoxef, aminobenzyl-penicillin and piperacillin) and two aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin and amikacin) were examined by agar dilution and the agar diffusion method. results obtained from both methods correlated well in most of the strains. most of the strains belonging to escherichia coli, klebsiella oxytoca, klebsiella pne ... | 1988 | 3175388 |
| mechanistic deductions from kinetic isotope effects and ph studies of pyridoxal phosphate dependent carbon-carbon lyases: erwinia herbicola and citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase. | the ph dependence of the kinetic parameters and primary deuterium isotope effects have been determined for tyrosine phenol-lyase from both erwinia herbicola and citrobacter freundii. the primary deuterium isotope effects indicate that proton abstraction from the 2-position of the substrate is partially rate-limiting for both enzymes. the c. freundii enzyme primary deuterium isotope effects [dv = 3.5 and d(v/ktyr) = 2.5] are ph independent, indicating that tyrosine is not sticky (i.e., does not d ... | 1988 | 3207679 |