Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| immunoadsorbent for the isolation of pasteurella tularensis-specific antibodies. | the schu-5 strain of pasteurella tularensis was cross-linked with tetra-azotized benzidine and employed for the isolation of purified specific antibodies. the isolation procedure increased the content of specifically precipitable antibodies at least 40-fold. | 1970 | 16557687 |
| isolation and properties of a deuterium-tolerant mutant of pasteurella tularensis. | a spontaneously occurring stable deuterium-tolerant mutant was selected from highly virulent pasteurella tularensis strain schu s4; the frequency of mutants in the cell populations was between 10(-3) and 10(-4). upon cultivation of parent strain schu s4 in media containing d(2)o in lieu of h(2)o, inhibitory effects became manifest at 18% d(2)o and increased significantly beyond 54% d(2)o; mutant strain schu dt was not inhibited by media containing as much as 98% d(2)o. when cultivated in media c ... | 1970 | 16557693 |
| aerosol survival of pasteurella tularensis disseminated from the wet and dry states. | the aerosol survival in air and in nitrogen was measured for pasteurella tularensis live vaccine strain, disseminated from the wet and dry states. the results showed that most of the loss of viability occurred in less than 2 min of aerosol age, i.e., a rapid initial decay followed by a much slower secondary decay. in nitrogen and air, minimum survival occurred at 50 to 55% relative humidity (rh) for wet dissemination and at 75% rh for dry dissemination. this shift indicated that aerosols produce ... | 1971 | 4994903 |
| antigens of pasteurella tularensis: preparative procedures. | ether-water (ew) extraction of pasteurella tularensis produced better antigens than five other chemical procedures. ew extracts produced from stationary-phase, liquid-grown, saline suspensions of strain schu s4 cells regularly induced agglutinin and precipitin formation in rabbits. mice, guinea pigs, and monkeys also responded to ew extracts but with lower antibody levels. the use of strains of lower virulence, acetone-dried cells, organisms grown on a solid medium, and abbreviated extraction co ... | 1971 | 4999975 |
| microagglutination procedures for febrile agglutination tests. | febrile agglutination tests were done by using as antigens brucella abortus, salmonella group d, proteus ox19, and pasteurella tularensis. comparison of results from 23 sera showed that the microtechnique, rapid slide, and test tube methods gave similar titers, although those from the microtechnique were generally higher. the sensitivity of the microtechnique depended upon the concentration of antigen, and, to obtain reproducible results, the optimal concentration of antigens had to be determine ... | 1971 | 5002142 |
| effect of infection and endotoxicosis on plasma lactate dehydrogenase isozymes in white rats. | vertical slab electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels was used to monitor changes in lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) isozymes in plasma of white rats during bacterial infection and endotoxin poisoning. peritoneal infection with francisella tularensis and salmonella typhimurium and administration of s. typhimurium endotoxin stimulated significant increases in plasma ldh-5. rates of change in enzyme activity after infection were directly related to size of infecting dose and type of agent employed. inf ... | 1971 | 4949502 |
| properties of aldolase from francisella tularensis. | the aldolase of francisella tularensis resembles class ii aldolases in its requirement for divalent ions and its inactivation by metal chelating agents. cysteine and other reducing agents stimulated the activity of the enzyme. | 1971 | 5547987 |
| behavioral effects of infectious diseases: respiratory pasteurella tularensis in man. | 1971 | 5089099 | |
| [presence of amino acid decarboxylases in francisella tularensis]. | 1971 | 5099097 | |
| an extended study of the behavioral effects of respiratory pasteurella tularensis in man. | 1971 | 5124099 | |
| human infections with francisella tularensis in norway. development of a serological screening test. | 1972 | 4503972 | |
| [some characteristics of the metabolism of francisella tularensis media asiatica aikimb]. | 1972 | 5018219 | |
| [sensitivity of hungarian strains of francisella tularensis to antibiotics]. | 1972 | 5051095 | |
| aerosol survival of pasteurella tularensis and the influence of relative humidity. | the aerosol survival in air was determined for pasteurella tularensis live vaccine strain (lvs) as a function of relative humidity (rh). three different preparations of bacteria were used: (i) liquid suspension of p. tularensis lvs in spent culture medium; (ii) powders of p. tularensis lvs freeze-dried in spent culture fluid; (iii) p. tularensis lvs freeze-dried in spent culture fluid and then reconstituted with distilled water and disseminated as a liquid suspension. preparation (i) gave greate ... | 1972 | 4551041 |
| infection-immunity in tularemia: specificity of cellular immunity. | the relationship between hypersensitivity and cellular resistance to infection with facultative intracellular parasites was studied in mice by using infection-immunity in tularemia as a model system. delayed hypersensitivity to antigenic fractions of francisella tularensis was first detected 6 to 7 days after immunization with viable f. tularensis vaccine, at which time immunity against challenge infection developed. both immunity and delayed-type sensitivity reached maximal levels by 9 to 10 da ... | 1972 | 4564560 |
| tularemia: dr. edward francis and his first 23 isolates of francisella tularensis. | 1972 | 4570449 | |
| the antigenic structure of francisella tularensis. i. isolation of the ether antigen and its fractionation. | 1972 | 4624012 | |
| the antigenic structure of francisella tularensis. ii. fractionation of the ether antigen on cellulose carriers and by gel filtration. | 1972 | 4627016 | |
| pathogenesis of tularemia in monkeys aerogenically exposed to francisella tularensis 425. | the pathogenesis of tularemia was studied in groups of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) that inhaled graded 10-fold doses ranging from 10 through 10(6) organisms of francisella tularensis 425, a strain highly virulent for the white mouse but of reduced virulence for the domestic rabbit. mean incubation periods ranged from 3 to 6 days followed by acute illness lasting 5 to 11 days with subsequent recovery of most animals. the higher inhaled doses resulted in shorter incubation periods, longer and ... | 1972 | 4629251 |
| experimental tularemia in macaca mulatta: relationship of aerosol particle size to the infectivity of airborne pasteurella tularensis. | ninety-six macaca mulatta were exposed to aerosol particles containing pasteurella tularensis. four different aerosols were employed that contained particle size distributions with median diameters of 2.1, 7.5, 12.5, or 24.0 mum. size distributions were calculated only for those particles observed by phase microscope to contain organisms. animals exposed to particles whose median diameters were either 2.1 or 7.5 mum were all infected and showed extensive infection of the lower respiratory tract, ... | 1972 | 4632469 |
| effect of interferon inducers and interferon on bacterial infections. | the effect of interferon inducers and exogenous l-cell interferon on the infection of mice by pasteurella tularensis or diplococcus pneumoniae was investigated. the results indicate that the degree of protection is dependent on the type of inducer used. a variety of defense mechanisms with limited nonspecific activity appear to be involved. | 1972 | 4670434 |
| survival of airborne pasteurella tularensis at different atmospheric temperatures. | the aerosol survival, recovery, and death rate of pasteurella tularensis schu s5 disseminated in particle sizes of 1 to 5 mum were significantly affected by air temperature. the highest aerosol recovery of viable p. tularensis was observed within -7 and 3 c; the recovery decreased significantly below and above this temperature range. the death rate of airborne p. tularensis was not significantly influenced by an increase in temperature from -40 to 24 c. however, a progressive increase in atmosph ... | 1973 | 4633423 |
| first detection of tularaemia in domestic and wild mammals in iran. | during a study on the ecology of small-mammal-borne infections in iran, over 4 600 wild mammals were collected at 47 localities. attempts were made to isolate francisella tularensis from the spleens of 3 548 of these animals. all were found to be negative. in addition, sera from 200 sheep and cattle and from 39 wild mammals were tested: 8 sheep, 3 oxen, and 1 hedgehog showed evidence of recent infection. this is the first report of tularaemia in iran. the relationship of these findings to the po ... | 1973 | 4548386 |
| zoonotic potential (rocky mountain spotted fever aed tularemia) in the tennessee valley region. ii. prevalence of rickettsia rickettsi and francisella tularensis in mammals and ticks from land between the lakes. | 1974 | 4204021 | |
| vaccine potencies of the live vaccine strain of francisella tularensis and isolated bacterial components. | 1974 | 4215444 | |
| microagglutination test for detecting and measuring serum agglutinins of francisella tularensis. | a microagglutination method utilizing stained antigen for detecting and measuring serum agglutinins against francisella tularensis is described. the microagglutination and standard tube agglutination techniques were demonstrated to be comparable in sensitivity and specificity. advantages of the micro method are rapidity and ease of performance, economy of reagents and, in particular, ease of interpreting specific reactivity. | 1974 | 4129476 |
| [attempts at growing francisella tularensis in cell cultures in vitro]. | 1974 | 4471744 | |
| [effects of intradermally administered tularin sevac on the titre of slow agglutination reaction with the francisella tularensis antigen (author's transl)]. | 1975 | 130981 | |
| phagocytosis of francisella tularensis by rhesus monkey peripheral leukocytes. | phagocytosis of francisella tularensis by rhesus monkey peripheral neutrophils (pmn, was assessed by autoradiography, electron microscopy, and biochemical techniques. pmn, in contrast to mononuclear phagocytes, were unable to phagocytize f. tularensis in vitro in the absence of immune serum. it is postulated that in the nonimmune host the innate inability of pmn to phagocytize f. tularensis deletes one of the possible mechanisms of host defense to bacterial infection and thus permits the early d ... | 1975 | 234911 |
| temporal appearance of opsonizing antibody to francisella tularensis: detection by a radiometabolic assay. | the burst in oxidative metabolism that is mediated through activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt and accompanies particle ingestion by polymorphonuclear leukocytes was used as the indicator in an in vitro radiometabolic assay for detection of specific opsonizing antibody to francisella tularensis. release of 14co2 from radiolabeled glucose was increased significantly when specific immune serum added to suspensions of monkey polymorphonuclear leukocytes and f. tularensis. with this method, ... | 1975 | 234915 |
| tularaemia in the rat. i. the cellular basis on host resistance to infection. | rats infected with the live vaccine strain (lvs) of francisella tularensis develop in vivo and in vitro evidence of cellular hypersensitivity and a concomitant state of cellular resistance to infection. they key role of sensitized lymphocytes in cellular resistance was domonstrated in transfer experiments. using this technique, it was shown that thoracic duct lymphocytes from francisella immune donors conferred specific antimicrobial resistance on normal recipients, whereas antiserum afforded no ... | 1975 | 236983 |
| biochemical and immunological properties of ribonucleic acid-rich extracts from francisella tularensis. | ribonucleic acid (rna)-rich extracts derived from the attenuated strain of francisella tularensis (strain lvs) protected swiss mice against lethal challenge with f. tularensis strain 425 but not against strain schu s4. no killed preparation, including an rna-rich extract from schu s4 itself, offered protection against strain schu s4 in contrast to the high level of protection offered against this strain by vaccination with live strain lvs. the protective activity observed against strain 425 was ... | 1975 | 237834 |
| relationship of serum beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme to pathogenesis of tularemia in immune and nonimmune rats. | a temporal study is reported of the febrile responses, tissue bacterial contents, and serum concentration of the lysosomal enzymes, beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme, in nonimmune rats inoculated with virulent or attenuated strains of francisella tularensis, and in immune rats challenged with either a high or low dose of virulent organisms. the level of serum beta-glucuronidase appears to be an indicator of hepatocyte damage, whereas serum lysozyme correlates with the appearance, frequency, and se ... | 1975 | 237835 |
| chronic shedding tularemia nephritis in rodents: possible relation to occurrence of francisella tularensis in lotic waters. | contamination of streams by francisella tularensis, a fastidious pathogen, was discovered by miller in russia. subsequently that contamination was found to be the source of extensive human outbreaks, and to occur as well in north america. circumstantial evidence supports a hypothesis that infected voles are responsible for the contamination, but when freshly isolated f. tularensis palaearctica is inoculated parenterally, only acute illness and death result whereas long-term contamination of stre ... | 1975 | 239255 |
| [nitrofurantoin-test for the differentiation of bordetella bronchiseptica (author's transl)]. | bordetella bronchiseptica is primarily resistant against nitrofurantoin (mic greater than 200 mug/ml), and this feature can be used for the differentiation of the organism from other gram-negative coccobacteria. nitrofurantoin paper disks (300 mug) failed to affect the growth of 150 strains of b. bronchiseptica isolated from different animal hosts, but they produced marked inhibition zones in the cultures of the followingspecies: pasteurella multocida, pasteurella pneumotropica, pasteurella haem ... | 1975 | 809944 |
| common enterobacterial antigen in yersinia enterocolitica. | production of the common enterobacterial antigen (ca) by strains of yersinia enterocolitica (y.e.) serotypes 3 and 9 (winblad), by strains of 5 different y.e. serogroups (wauters) and various other bacteria was examined. antibody against ca was raised by immunization of rabbits with e. coli o 14. extract prepared from s. typhimurium was used for the sensitization of sheep erythrocytes with ca. absorption and haemagglutination inhibition experiments showed that ca could be detected in heat extrac ... | 1975 | 1098394 |
| cyclic kinetics and mathematical expression of the primary immune response to soluble antigen. vi. the possibility of prediction of plasma cell reaction in the spleen of mice immunized with soluble antigen. | a mathematical expression of the accumulation of the plasma cells in the spleen of cba mice immunized intraperitoneally is presented. the dependence of the plasma cell reaction in the spleen on the kinetics of antigen concentration in the blood was confirmed. for the transition from antigen to plasma cells, index a was proposed. the mean values of index a were used for comparison of the calculated and experimental values of the plasma cell reaction and the recorded differences were not great. in ... | 1975 | 1176044 |
| a microbiologic study of the urban gray squirrel. | bacteriologic, virologic, and serologic examinations were conducted on 180 urban gray squirrels (sciurus carolinensis) during a 1-year period in a metropolitan area. evidence was not found of infections with leptospires, enteric or other bacteria, rickettsial agents, francisella tularensis, or arthropod-borne viruses. the squirrels were remarkably free of evidence of bacterial or viral infections of importance to man and lower animals. | 1975 | 1176356 |
| pathogenesis of tularemia in immune and nonimmune rats. | pathogenesis of tularemia in nonimmune rats given (intraperitoneal inoculation) virulent strain (schu s4) or vaccinal strain (lvs) of francisella tularensis and in immune rats given schu s4 is described. both lvs and schu s4 caused pyogranulomas in liver and spleen of nonimmune rats. nonimmune rats given 10(4) schu s4 organisms did not survive beyond 72 hours, but immune rats given challenge inoculum of 10(8) schu s4 organisms developed lesions and survived. larger doses of lvs resulted in earli ... | 1975 | 1190592 |
| stimulation of human lymphocytes by a vaccine strain of francisella tularensis. | an immune response to francisella tularensis was demonstrated in man by the lymphocyte stimulation test. peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from 26 individuals vaccinated with a viable tularemia vaccine, from 29 unvaccinated individuals, and from two patients who had recently undergone tularemia. the lymphocytes were incubated in the presence of various dilutions of heat-killed bacteria of the vaccine strain. the bacteria induced a deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in the lymphocytes from ... | 1975 | 1193733 |
| murine model for study of cell-mediated immunity: protection against death from fully virulent francisella tularensis infection. | to assess cell-mediated immunity in terms of host protection, an experimental model was developed in which passively transferred spleen cells from immunized akr/j mice enabled nonimmume syngeneic recipients to survive an otherwise fatal infection with fully virulent francisella tularensis. donor immunization was achieved by administering live attenuted tularemia vaccine and, subsequently, the virulent streptomycin-sensitive schu s4 strain of f. tularensis. at selected intervals after immunizatio ... | 1975 | 1193736 |
| [catalase activity in the agent of tularemia]. | the catalase activity was studied in the extracts of 27 strains of francisella tularensis belonging to three geographical races. the most active enzyme was possessed by nonarctic strains, and the least--by holarctic. japanese variant of the holarctic race was separated in an individual group since it possessed a higher catalase activity in comparison with the typical strains. the central asian race occupied an intermediate position by this sign and was placed between the japanese variant and the ... | 1976 | 941605 |
| pathogenesis and pathology of respiratory tularaemia in the rabbit. | the development of pathological lesions in the organs of rabbits was examined at intervals from 1 h to 4 days after aerosol infection with francisella tularensis. the earliest change, accumulation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmn) in ulmonary alveolar ducts, occurred at 19 h. from the 2nd day multiple foci of necrosis and pmn infiltration were present in large airways and alveoli throughout the lungs and progressively increased in size. pulmonary arteritis was a prominent feature of the infe ... | 1976 | 952731 |
| [mixed infection with tularemia and omsk hemorrhagic fever in experiments on aquatic field mice]. | the authors carried out an experimental study of some aspects of the pathogenesis of mixed tularemia and omsk hemorrhagic fever infection in arvicola terrestris l. the results obtained reflected the dynamics of development of the pathological process of the mixed infection, peculiarities of distribution of francisella tularensis and of the viral antigen in different organs, the character of pathomorphological changes in the organism at different periods after the administration of the causative ... | 1976 | 983583 |
| [role of gamasids in the epizootiology of tularemia]. | 10 strains of francisella tularensis were isolated from 4 species of gamasid mites, laelaps muris, l. multispinosus, hyperlaelaps amphibius and haemolaelaps glasgowi, in natural nidi of tularemia in the tumen district. under experimental conditions l. muris is often infected with tularemia agent on sick animals but preserves it at an indoor temperature not more than a week and does not transmit it transovarially. haemogamasus ambulans preserve the agent within the same period. l. muris and hirst ... | 1976 | 1023146 |
| the effect of bacterial infections on ketone concentrations in rat liver and blood and on free fatty acid concentrations in rat blood. | the concentrations of cytoplasmic lactate and pyruvate and the nad+/nadh ratio and the concentrations of mitochondrial acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and the nad+/nadh ratio were determined in normal, fed, and fasted rats, and in rats infected with streptococcus pneumoniae, francisella tularensis, and salmonella typhimurium. the various infections were found to have little or no effect on the cytoplasmic parameters. in normal rats, fasting caused a marked increase in blood and hepatic keton ... | 1976 | 181658 |
| protein synthesis in zinc deficient rats during tularemia. | the effect of zinc deficiency on protein synthesis in rats during tularemia was studied. five weeks prior to infection with the live vaccine strain of francisella tularensis, rats had been assigned to one of three dietary groups: zinc deficient (-zn), pair-fed (pf) or ad libitum (al). within 4 weeks, zinc deficiency manifested itself by diminished growth rate, decreased serum and liver zinc concentrations and alopecia. by 18 hour post infection, rats of all groups were febrile and exhibited an i ... | 1976 | 58980 |
| tularemia in a mule deer. | a case of tularemia was confirmed in a 51-year-old man who acquired the disease from a mule deer, odocoileus hemionus. francisella tularensis was isolated from bone marrow of the deer carcass. | 1976 | 16498895 |
| changes in whole blood and serum components during francisella tularensis and rabbit pox infections of rabbits. | rabbits infected with virulent francisella tularensis strain schu s4 or rabbit pox virus (utrecht strain) showed significant early changes in serum levels of trace metals, neutral fat and alkaline phosphatase activity. with f. tularensis infections a marked early leukopenia and a decrease in serum amino acids were also observed; the effect on amino acid levels was less pronounced in rabbit pox infections. in both diseases these changes preceded the appearance of acute phase globulins in the seru ... | 1977 | 204323 |
| virulence factors of francisella tularensis. | the mechanism causing viable francisella tularensis to lose virulence in aerosols has been investigated. fully virulent organisms were found to be encapsulated and avirulent organisms from aged aerosols, decapsulated. capsules were also removed by suspension of f. tularensis in hypertonic sodium chloride. the resulting naked, but viable, organisms were predominantly avirulent for guinea-pigs challenged intraperitoneally. capsular material and cell walls were found to contain large amounts of lip ... | 1977 | 267668 |
| immunization against tularemia: analysis of the effectiveness of live francisella tularensis vaccine in prevention of laboratory-acquired tularemia. | a retrospective analysis was made of cases of laboratory-acquired infections with francisella tularensis among civilian employees at fort detrick, maryland. the incidence and clinical presentation of tularemia during the decade 1950-1959, when the phenol-killed foshay vaccine was used routinely for immunization of employees, were compared with similar data from the first decade (1960-1969) after the live tularemia vaccine had come into use. the incidence of typhoidal tularemia fell (from 5.70 to ... | 1977 | 833449 |
| host resistance to the lvs strain of francisella tularensis in bcg vaccinated mice. | 1977 | 411926 | |
| cultivation and isolation of francisella tularensis on selective chocolate agar, as used routinely for the isolation of gonoccocci. | 1977 | 320819 | |
| determination of antibacterial antibodies in serum by immunoradiometric assays. | when used to determine immunopurified antibacterial globulins in saline-phosphate buffer, the detection sensitivities of direct competitive and indirect immunoradiometric assays were respectively 25 and 2 ng. normal human and rabbit sera interfered in both types of assay, markedly decreasing sensitivity and precision. various pre-treatments of sera and modifications of reaction conditions substantially decreased interference in the competitive assay without affecting the activity of added antibo ... | 1977 | 323486 |
| isolation of francisella tularensis from infected frozen human blood. | francisella tularensis was isolated from human blood that was frozen for 3 months before it was examined. before he became ill, the patient operated a "bush-hog" in an area thickly populated with rabbits. his illness was undiagnosed and untreated before his death. portions of blood and tissue homogenates from necropsy were injected intraperitoneally into mice and inoculated onto glucose-cysteine-blood agar plates. f. tularensis did not grow from the culture plates, but mice inoculated with the b ... | 1977 | 328528 |
| a survey of tularemia in wild mammals from fennoscandia. | a total of 2696 wild mammals from fennoscandia were surveyed for tularemia. francisella tularensis was not detected in livers/spleens or kidneys from any of the 1992 small rodents captured in norway and denmark as judged by one or more of the following methods: cultivation, immunofluorescence microscopy and inoculation in laboratory mice. serologic examination of 704 wild mammals from norway, finland and sweden demonstrated 11 cases of antibody titers. agglutinating antibodies were demonstrated ... | 1977 | 24228959 |
| an outbreak of tularemia in mink. | an outbreak of tularemia in farm raised mink is reported. twenty-six of approximately 5000 mink succumbed within a 10 day period. prodromal signs were minimal. necropsy revealed necrotic nodules scattered in the parenchyma of the lungs, liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes. francisella tularensis was isolated from spleens, livers and lungs. | 1978 | 618716 |
| tularemia in canada: francisella tularensis agglutinins in alberta ground squirrel sera. | 1978 | 638920 | |
| involvement of hepatic metallothioneins in hypozincemia associated with bacterial infection. | hypozincemia was induced in rats by salmonella typhimurium and live vaccine strain francisella tularensis (lvs) infections. hepatic synthesis of zinc-binding proteins (zbp) was studied in order to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the redistribution of zinc from plasma to liver occurring during infectious illness. zbp, labeled in vivo with 65zn, were isolated and identified as metallothioneins based, in part, on their heat stability, dimorphism, and amino acid composition. cysteine was the ma ... | 1978 | 645856 |
| [geographical difference in susceptibility to macrolide antibiotics among naturally occurring strains of francisella tularensis (author's transl)]. | 1978 | 671743 | |
| enigmatic resistance of sheep (ovis aries) to infection by virulent francisella tularensis. | tularemia in range sheep is an occasional cause of severe economic loss from mortality and unthriftiness as well as a hazard to persons in contact with the animals. epizootics are unpredictable and explosive, therefore, prophylaxis is more practical than therapy. live vaccine of proven value in man and in beavers was inoculated into mature ewes and elicited antibodies without harm to the sheep. however, challenge of immunity was not possible because virulent francisella tularensis in large doses ... | 1978 | 688073 |
| stimulation of subpopulations of human lymphocytes by a vaccine strain of francisella tularensis. | when purified t lymphocytes from individuals vaccinated with a viable, attenuated strain of francisella tularensis were incubated in vitro in the presence of heat-killed bacteria or a membrane preparation of the vaccine strain, they were stimulated to form blast cells and to synthesize deoxyribonucleic acid. the blast cells had the characteristics of t cells, being devoid of surface immunoglobulin and able to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. the stimulation occurred only when monocytes wer ... | 1978 | 307538 |
| a serologic survey of mule deer and elk in utah. | sera from mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and elk (cervus canadensis) in central and northern utah were tested for the prevalence of antibodies to 11 diseases communicable to man or domestic livestock. antibodies to francisella tularensis (at 1:20) were found in 47 of 88 (53.4%) elk and 1 of 89 (1.1%) deer. a screening slide agglutination test for titers to brucella (at 1:20) showed two reactors in elk but none in deer sera. no positive antibody titers were obtained in tests for anaplasmosis, co ... | 1978 | 105153 |
| changes in whole blood and serum components of grivet monkeys with experimental respiratory francisella tularensis infection. | grivet monkeys infected with virulent francisella tularensis strain schu s4 showed significant early changes in serum levels of trace metals, triglycerides and activities of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. free amino acid levels decreased slightly and there was a marked increase in the phenylalanine: tyrosine ratio. serum lysozyme activity and seromucoid levels also increased. kanamycin therapy produced remission of overt signs but the changes ... | 1978 | 106870 |
| tularemia in a group of nonhuman primates. | in an episode of tularemia in a canadian zoologic garden, three black and red tamarins (sanguinus nigricollis) and one talapoin (cercopithecus talapoin) died. a second talapoin developed abscesses in the tongue and submandibular area; this animal recovered with treatment. francisella tularensis was isolated from lung, liver, and spleen from each dead monkey and from pus collected from the tongue abscess of the sick talapoin. the attending veterinarian contracted the disease from a tamarin bite. ... | 1979 | 118145 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunological diagnosis of human tularemia. | the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was applied for immunological diagnosis of human tularemia, using lipopolysaccharide from francisella tularensis as antigen. sera collected from patients, healthy individuals, and vaccinated volunteers were investigated for antibodies against f. tularensis by elisa and tube agglutination. in elisa all sera were titrated with a polyspecific anti-immunoglobulin enzyme conjugate. a limited number of consecutive sera from individual patients were also in ... | 1979 | 120873 |
| [bactericidal effect of peracetic acid on francisella tularensis (author's transl)]. | 1979 | 156076 | |
| isolation of francisella tularensis from mites haemogamasus nidi and laelaps hilaris in western slovakia. | isolating of f. tularensis from gamasid mites h. nidi parasitizing on the bank vole (cl. glareolus) and l. hilaris on the common vole (m. arvalis) are reported. the epidemiological significance of this finding is discussed. | 1979 | 388944 |
| isolation of pathogens other than yersinia pestis during plague investigations. | from 1975 to 1978, 37 isolates of pasteurella multocida, 1 of salmonella enteriditis, and 5 of francisella tularensis were recovered from 42 mammalian specimens and 1 flea pool submitted for examination for evidence of infection with yersinia pestis. most of the specimens were collected during investigations of either a human plague infection or a reported epizootic among rodent populations. all specimens were of species regularly or occasionally involved in plague or tularemia cycles in nature ... | 1979 | 392123 |
| resistance to tick-borne francisella tularensis by tick-sensitized rabbits: allergic klendusity. | mammals become hypersensitive to ticks that feed upon them. that hypersensitivity was thought responsible for an observation that a large number of francisella tularensis-infected dermacentor variabilis failed to infect a rabbit previously exposed to ticks of that species. in a series of tests of that hypothesis, rabbits sensitized to ticks were often significantly more resistant than control animals to tick-borne tularemia. the conditions that determine the klendusity are thought to be variable ... | 1979 | 484770 |
| cellular fatty acid composition of francisella tularensis. | several unusual fatty acids characterized strains of francisella tularensis. long-chain (c20-c26) acids and the hydroxy acids 2-hydroxy-decanoate, 3-hydroxy-hexadecanoate, and 3-hydroxy-octadecanoate appeared to be of special diagnostic value. | 1979 | 521490 |
| antigenic composition of a vaccine strain of francisella tularensis. | the antigenic composition of the live vaccine strain of francisella tularensis was investigated. ether-water extracts, water-soluble material from freeze-pressed bacteria and detergent-eluted material from bacterial envelope were allowed to react in immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis with rabbit antiserum against disintegrated bacteria of the vaccine strain. ten antigenic factors were distinguished in an ether extract. when the extract was precipitated with ammonium sulphate 15 antigenic ... | 1980 | 6153169 |
| evaluation of a safranin-o-stained antigen microagglutination test for francisella tularensis antibodies. | a microagglutination test for francisella tularensis, with 0.025-ml amounts of diluted sera and 0.025-ml amounts of safranin-o-stained antigen in u-bottom microtitration plates, was compared with a tube agglutination test by using 137 sera. there was 86.3% agreement (+/- 1 dilution variation) between the microagglutination results and the tube agglutination results for sera with tube agglutination titers of greater than or equal to 20. there was 100% agreement (+/- 1 dilution variation) for sera ... | 1980 | 6153660 |
| [isolation of the causative agent of tularemia from an inoculum from skin lesions in the ulcerobubonic form of the disease]. | a case of tularemia in a human patient infected through the sting of a gadfly (tabanus) is described. the causative agent of the disease was isolated from the patient with the ulcerobubonic form of the disease by the method of the direct inoculation of the contents of the patient's cutaneous effect. the properties of the isolated culture were established; the strain thus obtained was classified as a representative of the geographical race francisella tularensis holarctica 01s. the causative agen ... | 1980 | 6449122 |
| glucose and alanine metabolism during bacterial infections in rats and rhesus monkeys. | to investigate the effects of bacterial infection on glucose and alanine metabolism, a variety of studies were carried out in rat and monkey models. these included glucose turnover by a pulse-dose technique in infected rats; alanine and glucose production and utilization in control and septic monkeys; in vivo measurement of gluconeogenesis in rats, with and without an alanine load; the in vitro rate of glucose formation from various substrates by isolated liver perfusion and hepatic cells; and i ... | 1980 | 6768954 |
| [characteristics of microbial multiplication in parenterally infected xenopsylla cheopis (siphonaptera) fleas]. | being inoculated parenterally various microbes cause the fleas x. cheopis a stable infection which, as a rule, is preserved in experimental insects to the end of life. reproducing intensively listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium caused the death of all ectoparasites in 3 to 5 days. the increase in abundance of escherichia coli, yersinia pseudotuberculosis, y. enterocolitica and vaccine strains of y. pestis "ev" and francisella tularensis went on gradually and infected fleas lived up ... | 1980 | 6780964 |
| a probable endocrine basis for the depression of ketone bodies during infectious or inflammatory state in rats. | the effects of infection with streptococcus pneumoniae, francisella tularensis, and venezuelan equine encephalitis virus as well as inflammatory stress induced by the administration of turpentine and endotoxin on plasma ketone bodies and insulin were studied in white rats. all of the infectious/inflammatory stresses caused a significant decrease in the ketonemia of fasting and an elevation of plasma insulin. when a pneumococcal infection was initiated in a diabetic rat, inhibition of fasting ket ... | 1980 | 6993191 |
| cell-mediated immunity against francisella tularensis after natural infection. | 31 subjects with tularemia recently or up to 11 years earlier were studied for cell-mediated immunity against francisella tularensis using formalin-killed bacteria as antigen in the lymphocyte blast transformation test. lymphocytes from all the subjects responded to f. tularensis antigen both in separated mononuclear cell and whole blood cultures, whereas lymphocytes from 12 controls responded not at all or only weakly to hig antigen concentrations and only in separated mononuclear cell cultures ... | 1980 | 7006062 |
| influence of complement on the chemiluminescent response of human leukocytes to immune complex. | vaccine bacteria of francisella tularensis were mixed with human serum containing specific antibodies against the same organism, and the mixture was incubated at 37 degrees c for 30 min. the mixture induced a two-peak chemiluminescent response in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. the initial peak was induced by a soluble agent, formed during incubation. the formation of this agent involved the activation of complement component c5. the second peak of the chemiluminescent response was induced by the ... | 1980 | 7011971 |
| sensitivity to macrolide antibiotics and lincomycin in francisella tularensis holarctica. | among the 345 f. tularensis holarctica strains isolated in europe, asia and north america, two variants were found: one sensitive and the other resistant to erythromycin, oleandomycin and lincomycin. these characteristics were not associated with virulence, antigenicity, biochemical activity or source of isolation and displayed high stability in passages in laboratory animals or multiple passages in culture media. the two variants are proposed to be designated as biotype (biovar) i, erythromycin ... | 1980 | 7190590 |
| demonstration of opsonizing antibodies to francisella tularensis by leukocyte chemiluminescence. | twenty-three individuals were vaccinated with a viable attenuated strain of francisella tularensis, and blood was collected at various time intervals during 4 weeks. to demonstrate opsonizing antibodies, a mixture of serum and vaccine bacteria was incubated, whereafter the chemiluminescence response of polymorphonuclear (pmn) leukocytes to this mixture was recorded. no opsonizing antibodies against f. tularensis were found in sera obtained before vaccination. eleven days after vaccination, sera ... | 1980 | 7216416 |
| differential alterations in host peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemiluminescence during the course of bacterial and viral infections. | previous studies have shown that stimulation of the oxidative metabolism in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) by in vitro phagocytosis of various microorganisms results in photon emission, termed chemiluminescence (cl). studies were conducted to determine whether bacterial and viral infections induce enhanced basal endogenous host peripheral pmn cl in the absence of in vitro phagocytic stimulation. nonimmune rats and guinea pigs as well as immune rats were inoculated with various doses (10(5) t ... | 1980 | 7228389 |
| treatment of tularemia, including pulmonary tularemia, with gentamicin. | an alternative to streptomycin for treatment of possible tularemia would be useful on occasions when a patient develops a perplexing pneumonia that does not respond to initial treatment. in geographic areas where tularemia is endemic, an antimicrobial drug that is bactericidal for francisella tularensis and is also effective against a spectrum of common pulmonary pathogens, including the enterobacteriaceae and most strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, would be desirable. the purposes of this repor ... | 1980 | 7352712 |
| cross-reaction to legionella pneumophila antigen in sera with elevated titers to pseudomonas pseudomallei. | a significantly greater incidence (p less than 0.005) of legionella pneumophila microagglutination titers greater than or equal to 32 was found in sera with elevated titers to pseudomonas pseudomallei as compared with sera with negative titers for p. pseudomallei antibodies. the greater incidence of l. pneumophila titers in these sera suggests that l. pneumophila and p. pseudomallei share an antigen. the incidence of l. pneumophila microagglutination titers of greater than or equal to 32 in sera ... | 1980 | 7354127 |
| mechanisms of protective immunogenicity of microbial vaccines: effects of cyclophosphamide pretreatment in venezuelan encephalitis, q fever and tularaemia. | administration of high-dose (250 mg/kg) cyclophosphamide (cy) to guinea-pigs and mice 3 days prior to immunization with inactivated vaccine derived from venezuelan encephalitis virus (ve), coxiella burnetii and francisella tularensis resulted in accentuated and prolonged delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) and in vitro cellular immunity (cmi) to specific antigen. humoral antibody were either absent or significantly lower in cy-pretreated animals compared to immunized non-pretreated controls. cy ... | 1980 | 7438552 |
| glucan-induced enhancement of host resistance to selected infectious diseases. | we conducted studies with mice, rats, and monkeys which demonstrated the ability of glucan to induce either nonspecific or specific enhancement of host resistance to infectious diseases. intravenous pretreatment of mice with glucan significantly enhanced the survival of mice challenged with either venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (vee) virus or rift valley fever virus. pretreatment was beneficial when initiated 3 days before challenge with vee virus and 7 days before challenge with rift valle ... | 1980 | 7439978 |
| [development of a serological micromethod for the detection of antibodies against francisella tularensis]. | 1980 | 6982628 | |
| case report. tularemia in ohio: report of two cases and clinical review. | although unusual, human tularemia continues to be reported from areas of the united states which are not heavily endemic for the disease. two patients with ulceroglandular tularemia diagnosed in ohio are described. the causative microorganism, francisella tularensis, is a small, pleomorphic gram negative coccobacillus which requires special microbiological media for laboratory isolation. in nature, the organism is usually transmitted to man by the handling of infected animal tissues and body flu ... | 1981 | 7315867 |
| the use of fa-technique for detecting francisella tularensis in formalin fixed material. a method useful in routine post mortem work. | 1981 | 7046398 | |
| [leukocytolysis reaction and the neutrophil damage test as methods of demonstrating allergy to francisella tularensis]. | 1981 | 7269912 | |
| [further study of intraspecific taxonomy of francisella tularensis]. | 1981 | 7331604 | |
| [natural focus of tularemia on the kerchen peninsula (crimea)]. | the study confirming the existence of the steppe-type natural focus of tularemia on the kerch peninsula has been carried out. for the first time the cultures of francisella tularensis have been isolated. voles and house mice play the main role in the circulation of the infection. the parasitic system comprises ticks (ixodidae and nyalomma), as well as some species of fleas. in carrying out erizootological studies for detecting tularemia in the crimea the use of low temperature (0 degrees c) for ... | 1981 | 7331615 |
| modulation of the immune response by aerodin. ii. influence on the antiinfectious resistance in rabbits and guinea pigs experimentally infected by francisella tularensis and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | 1981 | 7332454 | |
| respiratory tularemia: comparison of selected routes of vaccination in fischer 344 rats. | fischer 344 rats were given the attenuated live vaccine strain of francisella tularensis by small-particle aerosol, intranasal instillation, or intraperitoneal, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injection. all of the vaccinated rats developed subclinical infection by 3 days after exposure, which cleared by day 28. temporal patterns and concentrations of the live vaccine strain organism within the hosts were dependent on the route of vaccination. pathological alterations were limited to minimal lung ... | 1981 | 7333669 |
| towards serodiagnosis of serratia marcescens infections: examination of sera from noninfected patients and from experimentally infected rabbits for anti-h and anti-o antibodies; s. marcescens o-antigen cross-reactions with those of other enterobacteriaceae. | sera from 100 patients not infected with serratia marcescens at the time of hospital admission lacked detectable h-immobilizing antibodies against all 20 currently recognized h-antigens of this microorganism. however, various patient sera revealed elevated titers of o-agglutinins against several of the 20 o-antigens of s. marcescens, in a particular o-antigens, o1, o3, o4, o5, o7, o8, o10, o11, o16, o17, o18, o19, and o20. rabbit anti-shigella serogroup b immune serum cross-reacted with s. marce ... | 1981 | 7036590 |
| serologic survey for selected microbial agents in mammals from alberta, 1976. | blood samples were taken from humans and several species of free-ranging wild mammals from five different geographic areas of alberta, canada. sera were tested for antibody to eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus, western equine encephalitis (wee) virus, st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus, powassan (pow) virus, the snowshoe hare (ssh) strain of the california group (cal) of viruses, northway (nor) virus, klamath (kla) virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus, and two bacteria, bru ... | 1981 | 6273600 |
| [experimental latent tularemia in common voles]. | common voles (microtus subarvalis) were infected with tularemia by feeding them with the corpses of the animals which had been infected with francisella tularensis strain having somewhat decreased virulence. this resulted in nonlethal infection in 14 out of 433 voles used in the experiment. a considerable part of the animals having had the infection developed bacterial carriership (11 out of 13 animals) with bacteriuria (8 out of 11 animals) lasting up to 2 months. the persistence of francisella ... | 1982 | 7043979 |
| tularemia in canada with a focus on saskatchewan. | although rare among humans in canada, tularemia is often endemic in wildlife. the inhabitants of rural areas are especially likely to be exposed to the causative bacterium, francisella tularensis, through trapping or through the bites of arthropods. muskrats have replaced rabbits as the principal source of infection, as illustrated by a familial outbreak of oropharyngeal tularemia in saskatchewan. in humans the disease has six distinct forms and can be asymptomatic, but it generally comes to med ... | 1982 | 7046896 |
| the effects of strenuous exercise on infection with francisella tularensis in rats. | to investigate the effects of strenuous forced exercise on the course and complications of a bacterial infection and on myocardial responses and performance capacity, rats with tularemia (characterized by pyogranulomatous hepatic and splenic lesions) were exercised by swimming on days 0-6 of infection. levels of glutamic oxaloacetic and pyruvic transaminases in plasma, densities of pyogranulomatous lesions, and bacterial counts in blood, liver, and spleen were similar in exercising and resting r ... | 1982 | 7077093 |
| antibodies to francisella tularensis in the snowshoe hare (lepus americanus struthopus) populations of nova scotia and prince edward island and in the moose (alces alces americana clinton) population of nova scotia. | 1982 | 7093820 |