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proinsulin processing in the regulated and the constitutive secretory pathway.proinsulin is converted to insulin in beta-cell granules. conversion involves endoproteolytic cleavage at the two pairs of basic residues linking the insulin a- and b-chains to c-peptide. the sequence of events leading to complete conversion differs from one proinsulin species to the next. in man, the structure of the proinsulin molecule is such as to favour cleavage at the b-chain/c-peptide junction leading to the generation of des-31,32 split proinsulin as the predominant, naturally occurring ...19947821742
hans-lukas teuber: a tribute.hans-lukas teuber (1916-1977) was one of the most influential neuropsychologists of his generation. in the first part of his career he headed the psychophysiology laboratory at the new york university--bellevue medical center. there he and his associates played a major role in establishing human neuropsychology as a rigorous experimental science closely linked to contemporary neurophysiology and experimental psychology. in the second part of his career he founded the department of psychology at ...19947833648
hospice for aged persons without cancer: the experience of the hampshire county (ma) hospice.hospice is an option for patients with terminal illness of all types. the advent of the medicare hospice benefit has led to a rise in numbers of hospice programs as well as hospice expenditure. terminal care provided through hospice has a demonstrable cost advantage over conventional terminal care. this difference may dissipate as medicare hospice expenditure continues to rise. an individual hospice program can define its mission within broad guidelines. a program electing to serve all terminall ...199410134383
it's not the goal ... it's the journey.his first real odyssey began 18 years ago in alaska. the goal was ecuador. he got as far as the panama canal. traveling man john glaser, now vice president of information systems at boston's brigham and women's hospital, learned long ago that the actual goal sometimes matters less than what happens along the way.199410161109
massachusetts high court supports use of civil rights law to bar blockades.in a 4-3 opinion issued on april 11, the supreme judicial court of the commonwealth of massachusetts affirmed a lower court order preventing anti-choice activists from blocking access to a facility providing abortion counseling or services. granted under the massachusetts civil rights act, the injunction also prohibits using force against anyone entering, leaving, or working at such a location (see rfn ii/22). several health care providers and pro-choice organizations obtained a preliminary inj ...199412318701
boston: important trial of treatment vaccine, cd4 over 500.a trial at beth israel hospital of boston is seeking eighteen volunteers for a new hiv treatment vaccine. the vaccine is a peptide found in hiv, is chemically synthesized, is not from live hiv, and appears to be safe. the 68-week placebo-controlled study is called hiv lipopeptide immunotherapeutic in hiv-1 seropositive human subjects. the study requires volunteers to have cd4 counts over 500, no antiretroviral use for six months prior to entering the study, no use of immunosuppressive agents, no ...199511362626
court upholds voiding of insurance policy based on fraud.a federal appeals court has determined that an insurer acted properly in refusing to pay life insurance benefits to the survivor of a man with aids who fraudulently obtained the insurance. the eleventh u.s. circuit court of appeals said the late anthony c. fioretti fraudulently obtained the policy from massachusetts general life insurance company in 1986 when he applied for an $1.9 million policy. to qualify for the coverage, fioretti used an hiv-negative individual to pass an hiv-antibody test. ...199511362709
developing people: a strategy for competitive advantage.this article will provide vital insights, acquired in a recent study with eight manufacturing companies, to guide the development of a human resource development strategy. this study was a pilot for a larger study, planned for the fall of 1995 with 50 manufacturing companies randomly chosen from the directory of massachusetts high technology companies.199510142101
an ergonomics system aimed at preventing back injuries in health care. 199510172576
whatever made them do it? 199511656388
recent advances in the laboratory of molecular and cellular cardiology.this article highlights some of the research in cardiac molecular biology in progress in the department of cardiology at children's hospital. it provides a sampling of investigative approaches to key questions in cardiovascular development and function and, as such, is intended as an overview rather than a comprehensive treatment of these problems. the featured projects, encompassing four different "model" systems, include (1) genetic analysis of the mef2 gene required for fruit fly cardial cell ...19958604921
the economic burden imposed by a residual case of eastern encephalitis.to estimate the economic burden imposed by eastern encephalitis (ee), we identified a series of residents of eastern massachusetts who had survived ee infection and enumerated any costs that could be attributed to their experience. the records of three people who suffered only a transient episode of disease were analyzed as well as those of three who suffered severe residual sequelae. transiently affected subjects mainly required assistance for direct medical services; the average total cost per ...19957856830
failure of information as an intervention to modify clinical management. a time-series trial in patients with acute chest pain.to test whether a low-intensity, nonintrusive intervention improved the efficiency of management of patients with acute chest pain.19957856992
aids among the homeless of boston: a cohort study.we wanted to compare demographics, risk behaviors, aids-defining diagnoses, and survival between homeless and housed persons with aids in boston from 1983 to 1991. our retrospective cohort study used chart review to identify homeless aids cases and data from the massachusetts aids surveillance program for comparison of homeless and nonhomeless cases. seventy-two homeless and 1,536 nonhomeless boston residents were reported to have aids between jan. 1, 1983, and july 1, 1991. homeless persons wit ...19957859142
cocaine use and risky injection and sexual behaviors.the association between cocaine use (crack and injection cocaine) and risky behaviors for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection was investigated among participants in a multi-site study at drug treatment and non-drug treatment sites in worcester, massachusetts. cocaine use was more prevalent among young, african-american men. compared to heroin injectors cocaine injectors had higher risk injection and sexual behaviors. among non-injectors, crack users were more likely to have multiple par ...19957882875
hemocytic rickettsia-like organisms in ticks: serologic reactivity with antisera to ehrlichiae and detection of dna of agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis by pcr.ixodid ticks were collected from connecticut, massachusetts, missouri, pennsylvania, rhode island, and british columbia (canada) during 1991 to 1994 to determine the prevalence of infection with hemocytic (blood cell), rickettsia-like organisms. hemolymph obtained from these ticks was analyzed by direct and indirect fluorescent antibody (fa) staining methods with dog, horse, or human sera containing antibodies to ehrlichia canis, ehrlichia equi, or rickettsia rickettsii. of the 693 nymphal and a ...19958567911
the visible human data set: an image resource for anatomical visualization.the national library of medicine (nlm) has long been a world leader in the archiving and distribution of the print-based images of biology and medicine. nlm has also been a pioneer in the use of computer systems to encode and distribute textual knowledge of the life sciences. nlm's long range planning effort of 1985-86 foresaw a coming era where nlm's bibliographic and factual database services would be complemented by libraries of digital images, distributed over high speed computer networks an ...19958591405
using administratively collected hospital discharge data for aids surveillance.the objectives of this study were twofold: to improve methods of identifying possible and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-related hospital discharges in administrative databases and to measure aids-reporting completeness in massachusetts both overall and by subgroup. we used fiscal year 1988 discharge data from the massachusetts rate setting commission (rsc) and data from the massachusetts aids reporting system (ars). we identified 3362 discharges of adult patients (> 12 years old) fro ...19958653205
adolescents' preferences regarding human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related physician counseling and hiv testing.to assess adolescents' preferences regarding human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related physician counseling and hiv testing.19957596723
human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in massachusetts. 19957611594
the paul kallós memorial lecture. from slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis to leukotriene c4 synthase.the hypothesis of 35 years ago that slowreacting substance of anaphylaxis would prove to be a pathobiologic mediator of reversible airway disease in the human has been validated. the multidisciplinary approach required to achieve this goal has been particularly prominent and consistent for the entire period in the program described in this presentation.19957613129
the incidence of herpes zoster.there are few population-based studies of the natural history and epidemiology of herpes zoster. although a relatively common cause of morbidity, especially among the elderly, contemporary estimates of herpes zoster incidence are lacking. herein we describe a population-based investigation of incident and recurrent herpes zoster from 1990 through 1992 in a health maintenance organization.19957618983
a model clinic for the initial evaluation and establishment of primary care for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus.the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients on initial presentation to primary medical care may have extensive problems relating to medical, substance abuse, psychiatric, and social issues. we examined a model for the initiation of primary medical care for patients infected with hiv at a public hospital and presented the clinical, educational, and research benefits associated with such a clinic.19957618986
movement and distribution of arsenic in the aberjona watershed.the distribution and movement of arsenic was investigated on the aberjona watershed in eastern massachusetts for the purpose of identifying where and by what processes present and past human exposures to this element could have occurred. it was found that although most of the arsenic was originally released in the headwaters of the watershed, extensive migration had occurred, and the potential for human exposure existed far from designated hazardous waste sites. both surface water and groundwate ...19957621797
reducing employee back injuries in the perioperative setting.an ergonomic consultant conducted an evaluation of a 14-room surgical suite that had a high rate of employee back injuries. the consultant made five specific recommendations regarding moving patients, maneuvering carts and equipment, using gallbladder boards, walking on wet floors, and accessing power outlets. most of the recommendations were implemented and well received. eighteen months after the implementation of the consultant's recommendations, there was a 25% reduction in the number of bac ...19957632048
elevated incidence of childhood leukemia in woburn, massachusetts: niehs superfund basic research program searches for causes.between 1966 and 1986, the childhood leukemia rate in woburn, massachusetts, was 4-fold higher than the national average. a multidisciplinary research team from mit, which is being supported by the niehs superfund basic research program, has explored the possible importance of a temporal correlation between the period of elevated leukemia and a previously unrecognized mobilization of toxic metals from a waste disposal site in north woburn. residents of woburn may have been exposed to arsenic (70 ...19958549500
[a professor from harvard looks about for synergy instead for conflicts: promote health and human rights--two targets that complement each other]. 19957490948
reconciling science and policy in setting federal drinking water standards--four states' perspectives.after almost 20 years of experience with implementing the safe drinking water act and eight with amendments to the act, the individual states within the united states have gained valuable experience while trying to reconcile the legal mandates provided by the statutes with the science underlying them. this paper presents four different topics illustrating the problems of reconciling these two issues in the regulation of toxic chemicals in drinking waters. it presents these from the perspectives ...19957494897
health values of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. relationship to mental health and physical functioning.to assess the health values of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and examine the relationships between their health values and health status at two points in time, the authors sought to determine whether patients' physical and mental health statuses were good predictors of how they valued their current state of health. one hundred thirty-nine patients with various stages of hiv infection were interviewed in a prospective cohort study based in a primary care practice of a ...19968551811
clinical predictors of functioning in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.to help clinicians better assess and treat functional disabilities in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), the authors estimate empirical relations among biologic and physiologic variables, symptoms, and physical functioning in persons with aids. the sample of 305 persons with aids for this cross-sectional analysis came from three sites in boston, massachusetts: a hospital-based group practice, a human immunodeficiency virus clinic at a city hospital, and a staff-model health ...19968656726
chemistry, toxicology, and human health risk of cyanide compounds in soils at former manufactured gas plant sites.cyanide-containing wastes are commonly found in soils at former manufactured gas plant (mgp) sites, also known as town gas sites. the complex forms of cyanide are responsible for the blue-stained soils and rocks found at these sites. most concentrations of cyanide at mgp sites are below 2000 ppm, although concentrations greater than 20,000 ppm have been observed. an understanding of the chemistry of the mgp cyanide-containing compounds, their fate, and transport as well as their toxicology is cr ...19968661329
the impact of the medicare influenza demonstration project on influenza vaccination in a county in massachusetts, 1988-1992.influenza and related pneumonia continue to cause significant amounts of morbidity and mortality despite the availability of effective vaccines. two comparable counties in massachusetts served as project areas of a national trial to see if reimbursement for immunizing medicare-b eligible recipients against influenza would increase the use of the vaccine and reduce the costs attributed to related morbidity. providers of health and social services to elders were recruited to participate in one cou ...19968726210
emerging participatory approaches to ergonomic interventions in the construction industry.the central artery/third harbor tunnel (ca/t) construction project in boston is the largest and most costly highway construction project ever undertaken in the united states. the construction occupational health project (cohp) of the work environment department at the university of massachusetts-lowell was established to conduct exposure assessment and to develop, introduce, and evaluate interventions in the areas of ergonomics and industrial hygiene on the ca/t project. for both political and p ...19968728154
preferred sources of aids information, risk perceptions, and risk behaviors among inner-city community college students.to understand preferred sources of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) information and level of worry about human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among community college students, a survey of 102 students in an inner-city community college was conducted. the survey requested information on preferred sources of information about aids, risk behaviors, and level of worry about hiv infection compared with other life risks. forty-six per cent of respondents had engaged in risk behaviors for aids. ...19968776063
animal care and use: an issue now and in the future.animal rights proponents equate human and animal rights or capacity to suffer pain. animal welfare is a philosophy that centers on animal well-being, a stewardship role that producers view as affecting profitability but the general public may view as having additional components. the agenda of some animal rights proponents may be positioned under the guise of animal welfare to gain acceptability for portions of their work. currently, guidelines and accreditation programs targeted at ensuring pro ...19968778107
use of computational models to reconstruct and predict trichloroethylene exposure.in this study, a type frequently encountered by atsdr, groundwater and surface-water contamination have occurred near the gratuity road site in the town of groton, massachusetts. a petitioned public health assessment for the gratuity road site identified the primary contaminants as trichloro-ethylene (tce), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (tca), hexavalent chromium (cr+6), chromium (cr), and lead (pb) (atsdr 1992). the health assessment also indicated that off-site residential groundwater wells had been c ...19968794528
the significance of isolated antibody to hepatitis b core antigen seropositivity in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. 19968816158
radioiodine and thyroid disease: the beginning.in 1936, karl compton, then president of the massachusetts institute of technology (mit) and the thyroid group of the massachusetts general hospital (mgh), undertook a joint study that led to the production of small amounts of short-lived radioiodine (iodine 128, half-life, 25 min). the original intent was to use it for diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease, but in order to explore the underlying physiology, their first work was performed in rabbits and published in 1938. it clearly showed ...19968829276
dangerous and cancer-causing properties of products and chemicals in the oil-refining and petrochemical industry--part xxii: health hazards from exposure to gasoline containing methyl tertiary butyl ether: study of new jersey residents.methyl tertiary butyl ether has caused the following cancers in rats and mice: kidney, testicular, liver, lymphomas, and leukemias. thus, in the absence of adequate data on humans, it is biologically plausible and prudent to regard methyl tertiary butyl ether-for which there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals-as a probable human carcinogen. this means that some humans are at extreme risk of contracting cancers resulting from their exposure to oxygenated gasoline co ...19968989842
trials of 9-amino-20(s)-camptothecin in boston.9-amino-20(s)-camptothecin (9-ac) is an analog of camptothecin with limited water solubility which has shown significant preclinical activity in a variety of human solid tumor xenografts. a phase i trial using a soluble formulation of 9-ac, given as a 72-hour continuous infusion, has been completed. thirty-one patients with resistant cancers received 5-60 micrograms/m2/h at three week intervals. the maximum tolerated dose (mtd) was 45 micrograms/m2/hour. neutropenia was the dose limiting toxicit ...19968993518
invasive pneumococcal infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children.invasive pneumococcal infection (ipi) is the most common serious bacterial infection in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children. data from a population-based pediatric hiv surveillance project were used to determine the incidence of ipi in hiv-infected children and to conduct a case-control study assessing potential risk factors for ipi in hiv-infected children. there were 50 episodes of ipi and a cumulative incidence of 6.1 cases/100 patient-years through age 7 years. children with ...19968603965
hepatocellular carcinoma in the united states. prognostic features, treatment outcome, and survival.the purpose of this study was to investigate prognostic factors at presentation and the survival of north american patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc).19968635087
reliability of self-reported human immunodeficiency virus risk behaviors in a residential drug treatment population.this study examined test-retest reliabilities of self-reported human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) sexual and drug injection behaviors among 246 prior drug users admitted to either of two residential drug treatment programs in westborough, massachusetts, and providence, rhode island, between june 1990 and september 1992. participants, selected by their date of admission, were administered admission and reliability questionnaires pertaining to hiv risk behaviors, the latter at approximately 2 week ...19968651235
the impact of restructuring and work design on nursing practice and patient care.the purpose of this study was to examine if registered nurses' (rns) reports of the structure, work processes and performance of massachusetts hospitals have changed over a five year period. responses of 928 randomly selected rns surveyed in 1989 and 858 randomly selected rns in 1994 to the rn quality of worklife survey (rnqows) were compared. data analysis was performed with a between-subjects multivariate analysis of covariance, controlling for number of years as an rn and as a member of a col ...19969192592
experiment perilous: forty-five years as a participant observer of patient-oriented clinical research. 199611644830
legal trends in bioethics. 199611644885
how to organize and implement health care ergonomics teams.using a systems approach to safety and health management through a comprehensive ergonomic program addresses workplace processes, operations and conditions as interdependent systems in order to identify and eliminate or reduce all types of ergonomic hazards to employees. this document examines the way one health care facility improved its ergonomic program using this approach, from early data collection to implementation of the new plan. by creating several teams with different areas of concern, ...199610172694
the perfect fit. computerized patient scheduling requires the right mix of software, hardware, and human components.as the arena of care widens beyond the hospital and begins to rely on moving patients around a scattered and diverse healthcare system, managers and clinicians will need a well-orchestrated method of keeping track of it all. for providers such as lahey clinical medical center, computerized patient scheduling is the key to a seamless system.199610157463
court lets stand ruling on condoms, insurance and azt.in three aids-related cases, the u.s. supreme court has let the decisions stand. the three cases are: curtis v. school committee of falmouth, allowing the availability of condoms in a massachusetts public school; fioretti v. massachusetts general life insurance co., invalidating a life insurance policy issued to a man with aids who used a stand-in to pass an hiv-antibody test to qualify for coverage; and barr laboratories v. burroughs wellcome co., preventing generic drug manufacturers from ente ...199611363161
lawsuit filed.social service providers at a boston center for haitian immigrants filed a suit in a u.s. district court against the federal government. the suit claims that auditors from the inspector general's office in the u.s. department of health and human services demanded the names of clients with aids. the auditors explained that this process, conducted to determine whether agencies are properly spending ryan white care act funds, is appropriate and routine. attorneys for the social service providers co ...199611363287
team work. blueprint builds effective ergonomic program. 199610162745
doctor withheld prenatal care to woman with hiv, suit says.when vickie lesley's routine hiv test came back positive, her obstetrician/gynecologist said she must transfer to a high-risk clinic for her prenatal care. lesley filed suit against dr. hee man chie for discontinuing treatment and for refusing to provide azt. the refusal to provide prenatal care violates the americans with disabilities act (ada), the rehabilitation act, and chapter 272, section 98 of the massachusetts public accommodations law. under the statute, a doctor may not automatically t ...199711364309
court sees no basis to void policy issued to man with hiv.the massachusetts supreme judicial court found that protective life insurance company cannot rescind a policy if it failed to detect fraud within a two-year contestability period. the court ruled that the insurer should have exercised reasonable diligence when conducting the medical exam of dennis j. sullivan one year after he tested positive for hiv-antibodies. sullivan lied about his health on the insurance application and omitted the names of the doctors who had been treating him for hiv. sul ...199711364602
teaming up for ergonomics? this facility shows you how. 199710172988
school-related issues among hiv-infected children.many children with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection are surviving long enough to reach school age. this study describes issues related to school attendance and disclosure of hiv infection in a population of hiv-infected children.19979200382
the latino health advocacy program: a collaborative lay health advisor approach.there have been numerous calls in the literature for health educators to develop programs to improve access to and utilization of health and human services by traditionally underserved communities, including latinos. while the literature suggests several principles that can guide the development of these programs, it is important to address the needs, and build on the strengths, of the specific community of interest. it is, therefore, important to use collaborative approaches in which community ...19979247827
factors associated with hiv testing among sexually active adolescents: a massachusetts survey.to assess sexually active adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) testing and to determine the factors important in their decision to obtain voluntary hiv testing.19979282708
long-term hospitalization for tuberculosis control. experience with a medical-psychosocial inpatient unit.patients with tuberculosis (tb) who are nonadherent to therapy or have complicated medical or social problems pose a threat to public health. in some cases, hospitalization may be a necessary component of a comprehensive tb control program.19979293992
use of the mqol-hiv with asymptomatic hiv-positive patients.the purpose of this study was to determine the appropriateness of the recently developed multidimensional quality of life questionnaire for hiv/aids (mqol-hiv) as a measure of quality of life (qol) in cases of asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the mqol-hiv is a 40-item instrument measuring ten domains (mental health, physical health, physical functioning, social functioning, social support, cognitive functioning, financial status, partner intimacy, sexual functioning and ...19979330554
sampling with light traps and human bait in epidemic foci for eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in southeastern massachusetts.to estimate human exposure to potential vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (eee) virus, we compared collections of putative eee virus vectors from human biting collections with collections from cdc, ab (american biophysics), and new jersey light traps and resting boxes in enzootic/epidemic foci of eee virus in southeastern massachusetts. human biting collections caught significantly more host-seeking females than resting boxes or unbaited light traps (p < 0.05). regression analysis of h ...19979474561
inadequate hepatitis b vaccination of adolescents and adults at an urban community health center.hepatitis b remains a major public health problem in the united states, but public vaccination policy has targeted infants rather than the high-risk adults who constitute the vast majority of patients at imminent risk of infection. the effects of this policy were studied at a community health center in boston. adolescents and adults who attended a community health center between january 1, 1992 and may 31, 1993 and had human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) or another sexually transmitted disease (s ...19979046761
hiv and hepatitis b infection and risk behavior in young gay and bisexual men.to estimate the prevalence of and identify risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infections and unprotected anal intercourse among young homosexual and bisexual men.19979071279
human rabies--new hampshire, 1996.on august 20, 1996, a 32-year-old resident of new hampshire died in a massachusetts hospital from an illness characterized by rapid neurologic deterioration. rabies had been clinically suspected on the date of her transfer from a new hampshire hospital (august 14) and was confirmed by cdc on august 17. this report summarizes the investigation of this case by the state health departments of new hampshire, massachusetts, maryland, and pennsylvania, which implicated a dog in kathmandu, nepal, as th ...19979091784
endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract as a diagnostic tool for children with human immunodeficiency virus infection.the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal tract lesions in children with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection who undergo endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract and to identify important clinical predictors of abnormal endoscopic results.19979152287
clonal distribution of the three alleles of the gal(alpha1-4)gal-specific adhesin gene papg among escherichia coli strains from patients with bacteremia.the three alleles of papg, the gal(alpha1-4)gal-specific adhesin gene of escherichia coli p fimbriae, were detected in 101 (54%) of 187 e. coli bacteremia isolates from boston, long beach, california, and nairobi, kenya, by a polymerase chain reaction-based assay, and their distribution was compared with clonal structure and other bacterial and host characteristics. allele ii predominated overall (57% of papg+ strains, vs. 32% for iii and 2% for i). allele distribution differed significantly bet ...19989498444
performance of massachusetts hmos in providing pap smear and sexually transmitted disease screening to adolescent females.to describe the extent to which health maintenance organizations (hmos) provide preventive health services to female adolescent enrollees.19989502004
detection of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent and borrelia burgdorferi in ticks by polymerase chain reaction.adult ixodid ticks were collected from westchester county, new york, and ipswich, massachusetts, to determine the presence of infection with a human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) agent by using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the presence of borrelia burgdorferi in ticks collected from new york was also determined by pcr. of the 229 ticks from new york and 47 ticks from massachusetts, 9% (22/229) and 25% (12/47) of ticks contained hge agent, respectively. fifty-four percent (123/229) of t ...19989526861
the cost of rabies postexposure prophylaxis: one state's experience.this study was undertaken to evaluate trends in the use of rabies postexposure prophylaxis (pep) before, during, and following an epidemic of raccoon rabies in massachusetts.19989633871
exposure to breast milk in infancy and adult breast cancer risk.there is considerable interest in the possibility of an infectious etiology for human breast cancer. although studies have shown that certain strains of mice transmit mammary tumor virus via breast milk, few epidemiologic studies have addressed this topic in humans.19989637142
diversity of babesia infecting deer ticks (ixodes dammini).to determine whether the presence of nonpathogenic piroplasms may confound field estimates of risk of babesia microti infection, we identified sporozoites infecting the salivary glands of deer ticks (ixodes dammini) by parallel microscopy and polymerase chain reaction assays. piroplasms were evident in 14.4% of adult ticks from sites in the northcentral and northeastern united states. of these, 83.3% contained dna characteristic of ba. odocoilei. this cervid piroplasm was detected in all of the ...19989660456
deregulation of syringes and needles for medical use and to prevent the spread of blood-borne pathogens among illicit injection drug users. 19989663640
risk factors for death in homeless adults in boston.homeless individuals experience high mortality rates. males, whites, and substance abusers are more likely to die, but other high-risk characteristics are unknown.19989665356
high breast milk levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) among four women living adjacent to a pcb-contaminated waste site.as a consequence of contamination by effluents from local electronics manufacturing facilities, the new bedford harbor and estuary in southeastern massachusetts is among the sites in the united states that are considered the most highly contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). since 1993, measures of intrauterine pcb exposure have been obtained for a sample of new bedford area infants. among 122 mother-infant pairs, we identified four milk samples with total pcb levels that were signifi ...19989681980
interactions between metals and microbial communities in new bedford harbor, massachusetts.the fate of toxic metals in marine sediments depends on a combination of the physical, chemical, and biologic conditions encountered in any given environment. these conditions may vary dramatically, both spatially and temporally, in response to factors ranging from seasonal changes and storm events to human activities such as dredging or remediation efforts. this paper describes a program designed to evaluate the interrelationships between the microbial community and pollutants in the new bedfor ...19989703489
boston happens program: a model of health care for hiv-positive, homeless, and at-risk youth. human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) adolescent provider and peer education network for services.the boston happens [human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) adolescent provider and peer education network for services] program is a project supported by special projects of national significance (spns) program, hiv/aids bureau, health resources and services administration, which provides a network of care for homeless, at-risk, and hiv-positive youth (ages 12-24 years), involving eight agencies. the program has provided services to 1301 youth, including 46 who are hiv-positive. boston happens provi ...19989712252
outbreak of pneumonia in a long-term care facility: antecedent human parainfluenza virus 1 infection may predispose to bacterial pneumonia.to determine the causes of an outbreak of lobar pneumonia.19989736104
[tumor angiogenesis inhibitors: media and scientific aspects].work begun more than 30 years ago at children's hospital in boston led to the publication of an article on the antiangiogenic properties of two compounds, endostatin and angiostatin (j. folkman, nature 1997; 390:404-7). it only took weeks for the medias in the us and then in france and the rest of europe to stimulate the fervor of patients for this new 'cure' for cancer. insight into the fundamental role of angiogenesis in locoregional and metastatic development of cancer has been accumulated ov ...19989767782
mortality associated with an influenza outbreak on a dementia care unit.the purpose of this study was to describe an episode of increased mortality, whose cause was initially unknown. this retrospective cohort investigation was conducted on a dementia special care unit of a department of veterans affairs facility, with more than 75% of residents clinically diagnosed with dementia of the alzheimer type. one hundred five residents residing in the facility during february 1995 were included as subjects. a cluster of deaths occurred, triggering the investigation. ultima ...19989772015
reactivity of human sera to different strains of granulocytic ehrlichiae in immunodiagnostic assays.sera from 35 patients diagnosed with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in connecticut were tested by indirect ifa staining methods with 5 strains of ehrlichia equi or the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent to assess the suitability of different strains in laboratory analyses. antigens included horse-derived infected neutrophils (mrk and bds strains) and human isolates cultured in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (nch-1, rch, and webster). of 35 sera, 23 (65.7%) reacted to all 5 strains. serop ...19989815246
patterns of use, expenditures, and perceived efficacy of complementary and alternative therapies in hiv-infected patients.complementary and alternative medicine (cam) use is common in the general population, accounting for substantial expenditures. among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, few data are available on the prevalence, costs, and patterns of alternative therapy use.19989818806
william jason mixter (1880-1958). ushering in the "dynasty of the disc".william jason mixter was born in 1880 and graduated from the harvard medical school class of 1906. like his father, mixter was a prominent surgeon at the massachusetts general hospital, and in 1911 the two shared the job of overseeing all neurosurgery at that institution. by the early 1930s, w. j. mixter was considered to be one of the nation's leading experts in spinal surgery, and he went on to become the first chief of the neurosurgery department at massachusetts general hospital. he served i ...19989820919
human contact with bait containing vaccine for control of rabies in wildlife.to document the number of human contacts with bait containing liquid vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (v-rg) vaccine, to evaluate factors that might affect human contact with bait-vaccine units, and to summarize adverse reactions in people after contact with vaccine.19989828931
integrating women's perspectives on prenatal human immunodeficiency virus screening: toward a socially just policy.the purpose of this study was to include the voices of laywomen at risk for or living with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the ongoing debate on prenatal and newborn hiv screening. a phenomenological approach based on moustakas's heuristic model was used in order to explore women's lived experience. the investigator interviewed 33 women, half of whom were hiv-positive, using an open-ended, loosely structured interview guide. two major domains were identified related to the women's views an ...19989839795
determinants of nitrogen dioxide concentrations in indoor ice skating rinks.the combination of poor ventilation and fuel-powered ice resurfacers has resulted in elevated nitrogen dioxide (no2) concentrations in many indoor ice skating rinks. this study examined the factors influencing concentrations and the effects of various engineering controls in ice rinks with different resurfacer fuels.19989842374
readmissions to drug abuse treatment and hiv risk behavior.the objectives of the study were (a) to investigate the characteristics of drug abuse treatment clients who return to treatment and (b) among those with readmissions, to describe changes over time in risk behavior for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and to identify factors associated with behavior change. data were derived from a multisite hiv surveillance program in a single community; the program used a unique identifier to link hiv test results and behavioral information from mul ...19989849766
rabies surveillance in the united states during 1997.in 1997, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 8,509 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention. nearly 93% (7,899) were wild animals, whereas 7% (610) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases increased 19.4% from that of 1996 (7,128 cases). increases were apparent in each of the major species groups, with the exception of cattle. the relative contributions of these groups to the total ...19989861958
accidental occupational exposure of intravenous nurses to human immunodeficiency virus. anticipating the consequences.this descriptive study randomly surveyed all 302 massachusetts members of the intravenous nurses society in 1991 regarding their perceptions of nine possible consequences of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection caused by accidental occupational exposure. areas of highest concern were financial: adequacy of worker's compensation, ability of the employer to cover all healthcare costs, and job security. nurses also were concerned about confidentiality of their hiv status and personal histor ...19989866537
multistate outbreak of listeriosis--united states, 1998.since early august 1998, 40 illnesses caused by a single strain of listeria monocytogenes (lm) have been identified in 10 states: ohio (13 cases); new york; tennessee, massachusetts, and west virginia (three each); michigan (two); and connecticut, oregon, vermont, and georgia (one each). dates of illness onset or lm isolation ranged from august 2 through december 2. all lm isolates from these cases are serotype 4b and share an unusual pattern when subtyped either by pulsed-field gel electrophore ...19989883769
a mobile hiv education and testing program: bringing services to hard-to-reach populations.few programs exist that offer a range of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) services to multiple populations (i.e., substance abusers, individuals on probation, sex workers and their clients, court-mandated perpetrators of domestic violence) in multiple settings (i.e., courts, methadone maintenance clinics, residential and outpatient substance abuse treatment programs). the purpose of this article is to describe a model mobile hiv program, highlighting its flexibility in providing services to cl ...199811362065
radiation experiments on children at the fernald and wrentham schools: lessons for protocols in human subject research. 199811660586
smoking policies and practices in a state-supported residential system for people with mental retardation.smoking policies and smoking practices of residents and employees in a state-supported residential system were investigated. smoking policies existed in almost every agency, although state- and vendor-operated programs had vastly different policies. state-operated programs prohibited employees from smoking in residences and restricted residents who smoked to designated areas. one third of vendor-operated agencies allowed residents and staff members to smoke in designated areas, whereas one quart ...199910207576
from the centers for disease control and prevention. mass treatment of humans who drank unpasteurized milk from rabid cows--massachusetts, 1996-1998. 199910217041
mass treatment of humans who drank unpasteurized milk from rabid cows--massachusetts, 1996-1998.rabies is a viral zoonosis that is usually transmitted by the bite of an infected mammal. however, in massachusetts, two incidents have been reported since 1996 of potential mass exposures to rabies through drinking unpasteurized milk. this report presents the investigations of these two incidents.199910220255
medical outcomes trust conference presents dramatic advances in patient-based outcomes assessment and potential applications in accreditation.background: at its fourth annual state-of-the-art health outcomes conference, november 2, 1998, the medical outcomes trust (boston) convened experts to review advances in outcomes assessment technology and potential applications in clinical trials, clinical practice, and accreditation. keynote address: "future directions in health status assessment" identified what needs to happen next in order to put patient-defined outcomes into the databases used in medical decision making. advances include a ...199910228912
corporate compliance: critical to organizational success.operation restore trust (ort) has focused increased governmental attention on health care fraud and abuse activities, making it more costly to be noncompliant, and thus has led to significant behavioral changes within the health care industry. initially five states (california, florida, illinois, new york, & texas) were included in the 1997 ort pilot program. this has been expanded to include arizona, colorado, georgia, louisiana, massachusetts, missouri, new jersey, ohio, pennsylvania, tennesse ...199910335217
the role of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody in the pathogenesis of human glomerulonephritis. 199910361879
gaining and sustaining minority participation in longitudinal research projects.african-americans are often not enthusiastic about participating in alzheimer disease research due to past exploitation from medical and public health studies. to assure adequate representation from the african-american community, and to investigate the health needs of this population, strategies to recognize the problems and address the issues have been developed. the recruitment approach used existing connections in an urban community using culturally sensitive strategies. these strategies rec ...199910369515
conducting research with urban elders: issues of recruitment, data collection, and home visits.the national institutes of health 1994 guidelines require inclusion of minorities in research. people seeking grants need to be aware of techniques for recruitment of minority populations. the boston university alzheimer's disease center addresses difficult recruitment issues that arise from a skeptical minority population. the approach uses home visits to circumvent many of the barriers to recruitment and retention of participants in research studies.199910369516
trends in hiv-related sexual risk behaviors among high school students--selected u.s. cities, 1991-1997.despite recent decreases in sexual risk behaviors among high school students nationwide, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection was the seventh leading cause of death among persons aged 15-24 years in the united states during 1997. to determine whether the prevalence of hiv-related sexual risk behaviors among high school students also has decreased in certain urban areas heavily affected by the epidemic, cdc analyzed data from youth risk behavior surveys (yrbs) conducted in 1991, 1993, 199 ...199910372501
the predictive value of endometrial stripe thickness in patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy who have an empty uterus at ultrasonography.prior research suggests that, in patients with empty uteri at ultrasonography, endometrial stripe thickness may be predictive of ectopic pregnancy or the likelihood of obtaining chorionic villi after a dilatation and evacuation procedure (d+e). however, it is unclear whether the predictive value of endometrial stripe thickness is confined to patients with low beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hcg) values.199910386677
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