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progress in vaccine development for prevention of human cytomegalovirus infection. 19902161323
immediate-early transcription regulation of human cytomegalovirus. 19902161324
regulation and tissue-specific expression of human cytomegalovirus. 19902161326
modulation of interleukin 1 beta gene expression by the immediate early genes of human cytomegalovirus.the immediate early (ie) genes of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) can be expressed in monocytes/macrophages and are known to regulate other viral genes. the purpose of these studies was to determine if hcmv ie gene products also modulate expression of a monocyte/macrophage-derived gene, interleukin 1 (il-1) beta. steady-state cell-derived il-1 beta mrna was increased in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated thp-1 cells when transfected with the hcmv ie1 + 2 genes, when compared to cells transfected w ...19902161430
murine herpesvirus 68 is genetically related to the gammaherpesviruses epstein-barr virus and herpesvirus saimiri.short nucleotide sequence analysis of seven restriction fragments of murine herpesvirus 68 (mhv-68) dna has been undertaken and used to determine the overall genome organization and relatedness of this virus to other well characterized representatives of the alpha-, beta- and gammaherpesvirus subgroups. nine genes have been identified which encode amino acid sequences with greater similarity to proteins of the gammaherpesvirus epstein-barr virus (ebv) than to the homologous products of the alpha ...19902161903
carbon-based immunocytochemistry. a new approach to the immunostaining of epoxy-resin-embedded material.a carbon-based immunocytochemistry (carbic) method, whereby the epoxy resin is completely removed from a section prior to immunocytochemistry (ic), is described. the resulting absence of embedding medium allows for an optimal access of both primary antibodies and marker systems to structures at various levels throughout the depth of the section. a carbon film evaporated onto the surface of the section before extraction of the resin forms a base to which the section adheres and maintains structur ...19902161930
fine specificities of antibodies in sera and cerebrospinal fluid in herpes virus infections of the central nervous system as detected by the antigen variable immunoblot technique.applying the immunoblot technique a sensitive and specific method was developed for the detection of intrathecally synthesized antibodies against individual specific proteins that are antigens of various infectious agents causing encephalitis. paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples from five patients with herpes virus infections of the central nervous system (cns) (three herpes simplex virus encephalitis, one varicella zoster virus encephalitis, one zoster ganglionitis) were investig ...19902163408
synthesis, antiproliferative, and antiviral activity of certain 4-substituted and 4,5-disubstituted 7-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines.the sodium salts of 4-chloro- and several 4-chloro-5-substituted-7h-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines were treated with [1,3-bis(benzyloxy)-2-propoxy]methyl chloride (6) to provide the corresponding 4-chloro- and 4-chloro-5-substituted-7-[[1,3-bis(benzyloxy)-2-propoxy]methyl]pyrrolo [2,3-d]pyrimidines (7-11). debenzylation with boron trichloride at -78 degrees c furnished 4-chloro- and several 4-chloro-5-substituted-7-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidines (12.16). subsequent aminat ...19902163454
detection of an ie responsive element(s) in the bamhi j fragment of human cytomegalovirus ad169.the bamhi j fragment of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ad169 located at 0.815 to 0.855 map units in the unique short component of the genome was demonstrated to be responsive to the hcmv ie proteins by using a transient chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene expression system. the bamhi j fragment was cloned into a cat gene expression plasmid and then cotransfected with a plasmid that expresses the immediate early (ie) genes of hcmv ad169 into the hcmv permissive cell line mrc-5. the results ...19902164722
effect of human cytomegalovirus on replication of sv40 origin and the expression of t antigen.human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) induces replication of the cloned sv40 origin of dna replication in both productive and nonproductive infections. hcmv-induced replication of the sv40 dna origin required the presence of t antigen. human embryonic lung (hel) cells were found to be fully permissive for sv40 origin replication only in the presence of hcmv gene expression. in addition, expression of plasmid encoded sv40 t antigen in hel cells was only induced in the presence of hcmv. cotransfection of t ...19902164739
the effect of human cytomegalovirus on the production and biologic action of interleukin-1.the effect of mycoplasma-free human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) on the production and biologic activity of interleukin-1 (il-1) from peripheral blood monocytes was examined. the use of biologic thymocyte assays revealed a time-dependent decrease in the il-1 activity of both hcmv-challenged and control monocytes after initiation of culture. a decrease in the amount of il-1 beta secreted as measured by elisa was also detected. the amount of il-1 beta secreted by hcmv-challenged cells was always greater ...19902165111
the human cytomegalovirus 2.7-kilobase rna promoter contains a functional binding site for the adenovirus major late transcription factor.we have examined the factors which influence the expression of a major 2.7-kilobase (kb) early transcript encoded by the long repeat of the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) strain ad169 genome. previously, by deletion analysis, we determined that the promoter for this early rna consisted of multiple cis-acting elements (klucher et al., j. virol. 63:5334-5343, 1989). using extracts prepared from hela cells as well as from infected and uninfected foreskin fibroblasts, we also obtained evidence for the ...19902166813
susceptibility of human herpesvirus 6 to antivirals in vitro.human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) is a recently recognized human herpesvirus isolated from lymphoid cells and thought to be the causative agent for exanthem subitum. using dot blot hybridization, the hhv-6 sensitivity pattern to several antivirals was compared with those of herpes simplex virus type 1 and human cytomegalovirus. hhv-6 most closely resembled cytomegalovirus in that it was relatively resistant to the antiviral effects of acyclovir and bromovinyl-deoxyuridine but sensitive to ganciclovir ...19902167336
recombinant feline herpesviruses expressing feline leukemia virus envelope and gag proteins.we constructed recombinant feline herpesviruses (fhvs) expressing the envelope (env) and gag genes of feline leukemia virus (felv). expression cassettes, utilizing the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter, were inserted within the thymidine kinase gene of fhv. the felv env glycoprotein expressed by recombinant fhv was processed and transported to the cell surface much as in felv infection, with the exception that proteolytic processing to yield the mature gp70 and p15e proteins was les ...19902168977
[evaluation of igm anti human cytomegalovirus antibody].an anti-human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) antibody in 330 sera from patients and normal subjects was examined by elisa. the test results were compared with the results of cf test and there was 99.1% agreement. specific anti-hcmv igm antibody was searched for and only 4 sera were positive. this makes it unlikely that screening for igm anti-hcmv will effectively prevent posttransfusion hcmv infections.19902169545
suppression of herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation from latency by (+-)-9-([(z)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methyl) guanine (l-653,180) in vitro.latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection was induced in human embryonic lung cells in vitro by using a combination of viral replication inhibitors and elevated temperature. under reactivating conditions (superinfection by human cytomegalovirus or temperature manipulation), a nonantiviral thymidine kinase inhibitor (l-653,180) was found to suppress or delay reactivation of hsv-1 from latently infected human embryonic lung cells. l-653,180 alone or in combination with interferon was in ...19902171423
human cytomegalovirus. stimulation of [3h] release from [3h]-arachidonic acid prelabelled cells.exposure of human lung fibroblasts to human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) stimulated a rapid increase in the release of [3h] from cells prelabelled with radiolabelled arachidonic acid ([3h]aa). maximum stimulation of [3h] release was observed at 20 min postinfection and was quantitatively similar to that induced by the tumor promoter 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (tpa: 10 nm) or fetal calf serum (5%). the level of [3h] release was dependent on the multiplicity of infection, and appeared to be me ...19902171460
an adenovirus recombinant that expresses the human cytomegalovirus major envelope glycoprotein and induces neutralizing antibodies.the gene of the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) major envelope glycoprotein, gb, was cloned from the towne strain and inserted into adenovirus type 5 downstream of the e3 promoter. the recombinant virus, ad-gb, expressed antigenically related proteins of 58, 30, 25, and 23 kda in a549 and mrc-5 cells; the 58-kda protein had the same mobility as the native gb from hcmv-infected mrc-5 cells and virions. all four proteins were detected by a monospecific polyclonal antiserum and by a monoclonal antibod ...19902172396
identification of the lytic origin of dna replication in human cytomegalovirus by a novel approach utilizing ganciclovir-induced chain termination.infection with human cytomegalovirus in the presence of the antiviral nucleotide analog ganciclovir results in continuing low-level viral dna synthesis and the accumulation of relatively small fragments of double-stranded progency dna. these fragments consistently proved to represent amplification of sequences from only one small section of the viral genome (ecori-v) lying near the center of the unique l segment. further mapping revealed that the viral sequences represented in these fragments oc ...19902173786
cytomegalovirus-induced pneumonitis and myocarditis in newborn mice. a model for perinatal human cytomegalovirus infection.genetically determined resistance to the lethal effects of infection with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) has been reported previously in adult and newborn mice. we examined the pathogenesis of mcmv infection in resistant (cba, h-2k) and susceptible (balb/c, h-2d) mice infected intraperitoneally on the day of birth. balb/c mice developed a severe interstitial pneumonitis and myocarditis 10 days post-infection. their pulmonary and tissues contained high mcmv titres and large numbers of mcmv-antigen ...19902174234
arabinofuranosylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as potential agents for human cytomegalovirus infections.protection of the 3'- and 5'-hydroxyl groups of the nucleoside antibiotic toyocamycin (1) with 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane was followed by (trifluoromethyl)sulfonylation of the 2'-hydroxyl group. a displacement of the resulting triflate ester moiety with lithium chloride, lithium bromide, sodium iodide, and lithium azide in hexamethylphosphoramide was followed by a removal of the disilyl moiety with tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride to afford the appropriate (2'-deoxy-2'-substitut ...19902175356
[cell transformation induced by the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)].studies were conducted on the capacity of some human herpes viruses (hsv, hcmv) to induce cell transformation. the results revealed the peculiarities of the transformation process, characteristic of every virus--cell system.19902176533
subcellular distribution of the major immediate early proteins of human cytomegalovirus changes during infection.the 72k immediate early (ie) 1 protein of human cytomegalovirus and the 68k protein, also encoded by the ie1 gene, were detected by immunoelectron microscopy using monoclonal antibodies specific for the 68k or 72k proteins. early after infection, both proteins were localized to the nucleus, but with different localization patterns. late after infection, both of the proteins decreased markedly in the nucleus, in which nucleocapsids appeared. simultaneously, the 68k protein became diffusely distri ...19911646281
characterization of a 52k protein of murine cytomegalovirus and its immunological cross-reactivity with the dna-binding protein icp36 of human cytomegalovirus.we have developed a hybridoma, designated 25g11, which produced a monoclonal antibody (mab) reactive with a 52k protein of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). this mab, 25g11, was reactive with a protein band of 52k in mcmv-infected cell lysates and with a protein of 49k in human cmv (hcmv)-infected cell lysates as detected by immunoblot analysis. with purified mcmv virions, 25g11 gave a faintly immunoreactive band of 52k. however, no immunoreactive protein band was detected with purified hcmv virion ...19911646282
antibodies against human cmv-induced "early" antigens detected by immunoblotting are not exclusively associated with active infection.we investigated the correlation between the prevalence of antibodies against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) "early" proteins and the state of infection. two hundred and twenty-eight hcmv-igg-positive (hcmv late-antigen elisa) sera, drawn from subjects with active and non-active hcmv infections, were tested for specific igg antibodies against hcmv "early" antigens by a western blotting micromethod. applying virus strain ad-169, we found antibodies to hcmv "early" antigens in 59% of all cases, irres ...19911647051
sensitive non-isotopic dna hybridisation assay or immediate-early antigen detection for rapid identification of human cytomegalovirus in urine.a sensitive non-radioactive dna hybridisation assay employing digoxigenin-labelled probes was compared with immediate-early antigen detection and conventional virus isolation for the identification of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in 249 urine samples. of 44 specimens yielding hcmv by virus isolation, more were positive by dna hybridisation (32; 73%) than by immediate-early antigen detection (25; 52%) (p = 0.05). the specificity of the hybridisation assay in 45 apparently falsely positive specime ...19911648575
value of animal models to evaluate agents with potential activity against human cytomegalovirus. 19911648821
ganciclovir-resistant human cytomegalovirus clinical isolates; resistance mechanisms and in vitro susceptibility to antiviral agents. 19911648824
pathogenesis of human cytomegalovirus-associated diseases. historical perspective. 19911648836
human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein-receptor interactions.the hcmv envelope glycoprotein having a molecular weight of 86 kd, gh, has been shown to react with a 92 kd protein that can be extracted from hel fibroblasts. this hcmv-gp86 membrane receptor appears to be present on the surface of both hcmv-permissive and hcmv-non-permissive cells, suggesting that there are factors in addition to viral attachment governing the intracellular replicative process. another hcmv envelope glycoprotein (gp130/55; gb homologue) binds predominantly to a 31 kd protein w ...19911648838
adoptive immunotherapy of human cytomegalovirus infection: potential role in protection from disease progression. 19911648844
high level expression of dna polymerases from herpesviruses.the dna polymerase genes of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) were inserted separately into the polyhedrin gene of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) by cotransfection of spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells with baculovirus transfer vectors carrying the genes and acnpv infectious dna. infection of sf9 cells with the recombinant viruses resulted in expression from the polyhedrin promoter of proteins of the expected mrs. these proteins possessed dna ...19911649906
effect of intron a from human cytomegalovirus (towne) immediate-early gene on heterologous expression in mammalian cells.a 2.4 kb fragment of hcmv (towne strain), containing the 5' end of the major immediate-early gene, has been cloned, sequenced, and used to construct a series of mammalian cell expression plasmids. the effects of regulatory regions present on this fragment were assessed using human glycoproteins as reporter molecules. we compared secreted levels of factor viii, t-pa, and hiv-1 envelope glycoproteins in cells transfected with plasmids in which intron a of the immediate-early gene was present or ab ...19911650459
characterization of the dna polymerase gene of human herpesvirus 6.the construction of a recombinant bacteriophage lambda library containing overlapping clones covering 155 kbp of the 161-kbp genome of the ugandan u1102 isolate of human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) is described. the use of degenerate-primer polymerase chain reaction allowed the isolation of a dna probe for the dna polymerase gene of hhv-6, which was subsequently used to isolate and position the pol gene on the physical map of the viral genome. a 4.4-kbp ecori dna restriction fragment containing the po ...19911651403
gene expression from heterologous promoters in a replication-defective avian retrovirus vector in quail cells.avian retrovirus vectors, with potential for use in avian transformation, were constructed to evaluate the relative efficiency of promoters placed internal to the viral long terminal repeats (ltr). the vectors are replication-defective reticuloendotheliosis plasmids that contain the neomycin phosphotransferase gene under control of the 5' ltr and an internal promoter that directs expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. the internal promoters were the sv40 early, the mouse metal ...19911652136
identification of a transactivating function mapping to the putative immediate-early locus of human herpesvirus 6.sequencing studies have indicated that the unique component of the human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) genome and the unique long segment of the human cytomegalovirus genome are genetically colinear. of particular interest is the identification of a region of local cpg dinucleotide suppression in the genome of hhv-6, a feature conserved in the genomes of human cytomegalovirus, murine cytomegalovirus, and simian cytomegalovirus, and a characteristic of the major immediate-early loci of these viruses. adj ...19911654446
identification of the human herpesvirus 6 glycoprotein h and putative large tegument protein genes.determination of the nucleotide sequences of two molecular clones of human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) (strain gs) and comparison with those of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) has allowed the identification of the genes for the glycoprotein h (gh) and the putative large tegument protein of hhv-6. two molecular clones of fragments of hhv-6, the bamhi-g fragment (7,981 bp) of the clone termed pzvb43 and a hindiii fragment (8,717 bp) of the clone termed pzvh14, represent approximately 10% of the hhv-6 genom ...19911654455
comparison of mrc-5 and u-373mg astrocytoma cells for detection of cytomegalovirus in shell vial centrifugation cultures.u-373mg astrocytoma cells are susceptible to human cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection and offer the advantage of a continuous cell line for clinical laboratory use. u-373mg to mrc-5 cells for detection of cmv by centrifugation culture were therefore compared. at 20 h, 10 (6.1%) versus 12 (7.4%) of 163 clinical specimens were positive for cmv, and at 40 h, 12 (7.4%) versus 17 (10.4%) were positive in u-373mg and mrc-5 cells, respectively. substantial toxicity was found in u-373mg cells (84%) when in ...19911655434
unrestricted replication of human cytomegalovirus in hydrocortisone-treated macrophages.monocytes differentiated in the presence of phytohemagglutinin p-stimulated t cells could be infected with human cytomegalovirus ad169 and produced low levels of infectious virus. additional treatment with therapeutic levels of hydrocortisone resulted in a 10- to 100-fold increase in infectious virus production. hydrocortisone-treated cells demonstrated immediate-early protein kinetics similar to that observed with human fibroblasts, whereas a delay of up to 24 h was observed with untreated cell ...19911656103
sodium butyrate-inducible replication of human cytomegalovirus in a human epithelial cell line.replication of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in a human epithelial thyroid papillary carcinoma cell line (tpc-1) was restricted. however, pretreatment of these cells with 5 mm sodium butyrate (nab) for 24 hr before infection enhanced both hcmv yield and infectious center titer to a similar level of that seen in human embryonic lung fibroblast cells. immunofluorescence staining, gel electrophoresis, and northern blot analysis revealed that tpc-1 cells are nonpermissive for expression of hcmv major ...19911656587
the glycoproteins of the human herpesviruses.the herpesvirus family contains several important human pathogens. human herpesviruses include herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus, human cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus and human t-cell lymphotropic virus. the general property of herpesviruses is their ability to establish latency and to be periodically reactivated. all human herpesviruses contain a subset of genes encoding viral glycoproteins that are clearly homologous, and their similarity is significantly greater a ...19911657514
humoral immune response to human cytomegalovirus proteins: a brief review.although human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) has a genome of 150 x 10(6) da, and a protein-coding content of over 200 open reading frames, few viral proteins seem able to elicit a strong antibody response in the natural host during viral infection. the immunodominant polypeptides include a component of 72 kda among immediate early proteins, a polypeptide of 52 kda among delayed early proteins and a glycoprotein complex of 58 and 93-130 kda and two phosphoproteins of mol. wt 150 and 65 kda among the str ...19911657515
[investigation of human cytomegalovirus infection in 103 cases with history of abnormal pregnancy].human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-igg, igm antibodies were detected by indirect elisa in 103 serum specimens from women with history of abnormal pregnancy. the results showed that the positive rates of hcmv-igg and igm of abnormal pregnant women were 90.29% and 13.59% respectively. the positive rate of hcmv-igm in abnormal pregnancies was higher than that of normal pregnancies (4.07%, p less than 0.001). this suggested that the probability of abnormal pregnancy in hcmv-igm positive women was higher t ...19911657549
expression of hla class i heavy chains and beta 2-microglobulin does not affect human cytomegalovirus infectivity.human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) purified from urine or tissue culture supernatant has been reported to contain beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m), which forms the light chain of hla class i molecules. it has been postulated that hcmv covered with beta 2m binds to hla class i alpha-chains at the cell surface. in the present study we used transfected human and mouse cell lines expressing distinct allelic forms of hla class i and beta 2m to determine whether hla class i molecules could act as cellular rec ...19911658201
induction of an endothelial cell growth factor by human cytomegalovirus infection of fibroblasts.human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) induction of growth factors in fibroblasts was investigated after establishing serum-free culture conditions conducive to viral replication. hcmv infection induced a type ii heparin-binding growth factor which stimulated human endothelial cell proliferation.19911658202
unusual cell specific expression of a major human cytomegalovirus immediate early gene promoter-lacz hybrid gene in transgenic mouse embryos.transgenic mice carrying the human cytomegalovirus immediate early gene promoter driving the e. coli lacz gene displayed an unusual cell specific expression of beta-galactosidase during development. lacz expression was first detected in cells lining the apex of the neural fold of day 8.5 embryos. by day 10 of gestation, expression was prominent in the spinal ganglia, the ganglia of cranial nerves v, vii, viii, ix, and x, in a line of cells marking the ventrolateral pathway adjacent to the dermam ...19911659441
[application of polymerase chain reaction in amplification of human cytomegalovirus b gene code region].a nucleic acid amplification procedure, the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), has been used to amplify the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) b gene code region, and its glycoprotein 52 kd antigenic domain. the primers used in the pcr assay were based on a conserved region of the hcmv b gene sequence. by using primer 1 (5'-aaagaattcatggaatccaggatctg-3', upstream nucleotides 157 to 2877), primer 2 (5'-aaagaattcatgaacgtgaaggaatcg-3', upstream nucleotides 1846 to 2877), and primer 4(5'-ataaagcttaatcagacgt ...19911664811
acyclic analogues of pyrazofurin: syntheses and antiviral evaluation.acyclic analogues of pyrazofurin, including 4-hydroxy-3(5)-[( 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-ethoxy]methyl)-1h-pyrazole-5 (3)-carboxamide (36) and 4-hydroxy-3(5)-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-1h-pyrazole-5(3)-carboxamide (27), that possess the side chains of ganciclovir and acyclovir, respectively, were prepared by heating methyl 4-acetoxy-1-acetyl-3-bromomethyl-1h-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (15) and sodium acetate in the requisite alcohols or, for 36, with the sodium alkoxide in dry tetrahydrofuran. these ...19911665755
the dna sequence of the human cytomegalovirus genome.in the first part of this article we review what has been learnt from the analysis of the sequence of hcmv. a summary of this information is presented in the form of an updated map of the viral genome. hcmv is representative of a major lineage of herpesviruses distinct from previously sequenced members of this viral family and demonstrates striking differences in genetic content and organization. the virus encodes approximately 200 genes, including nine gene families, a large number of glycoprot ...19911666311
in situ elisa for the evaluation of antiviral compounds effective against human cytomegalovirus.an in situ elisa was developed as an improved procedure over the plaque reduction assay for antiviral susceptibility testing of hcmv. unlike the plaque reduction assay, the elisa can be completed at 4-5 days post-infection. the effective dose (ed50) of ganciclovir (gcv), acyclovir (acv), phosphonoacetic acid (paa), or phosphonoformic acid (pfa), was determined using hcmv strain ad169. the resistance profiles of two laboratory-derived gcv-resistant mutants of hcmv strain ad169 and seven clinical ...19911667788
development and evaluation of a capture elisa for igm antibody to the human cytomegalovirus major dna binding protein.a new capture elisa (elab) for determination of the igm antibody response to the human cytomegalovirus major dna binding protein (p52) was developed by using a p52-specific monoclonal antibody. as a reference test, a capture elisa using in parallel viral- and cell-control labeled antigens (ela) was employed. general specificity, which was determined on 180 unselected igm-negative sera from an adult population was 100%; stringent specificity, which was evaluated on 108 potentially interfering ser ...19911667791
immunomodulation of human cytomegalovirus infection on interferon system in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.on the basis of the research on the relationship between human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection and systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) a study of the effects of hcmv infection on the immunological pathogenesis of sle was undertaken. presented in this paper is a brief account of the study. it was found that sle patients with active hcmv infection had significant higher level of serum interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) than those without active hcmv infection, but the ifn-alpha induction capacity of per ...19911667808
a discrete cis element in the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat mediates synergistic trans activation by cytomegalovirus immediate-early proteins.the major immediate-early (ie) promoter of human cytomegalovirus directs the expression of several differentially spliced and polyadenylated mrnas that encode isoformic proteins with apparent molecular masses of 55, 72, and 86 kda. all of these proteins are potent transcriptional regulatory proteins. we are interested in the collateral interactions between human cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the context of dual infection of a cell. the roles of the specific ie protein ...19911682509
distribution of linear antigenic sites on glycoprotein gp55 of human cytomegalovirus.human convalescent serum and bacterial fusion proteins constructed from overlapping open reading frames of the nucleotide sequence encoding the human cytomegalovirus gp55 component of the major envelope glycoprotein complex, gp55-116 (gb), were used to localize antigenic regions recognized by human antibodies. all donor serum analyzed contained antibody reactivity for an antigenic site(s) located between amino acids (aa) 589 and 645, a region containing a previously defined linear site recognize ...19911702157
class i mhc-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocyte recognition of cells infected with human cytomegalovirus does not require endogenous viral gene expression.the human pathogen cmv, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts. the cd8+ class i-restricted ctl response to cmv assists in preventing progression of cmv infection to life-threatening disease; however, the viral ag recognized by cd8+ ctl are not well characterized. in general, virus-specific ctl recognize endogenously synthesized viral proteins processed and presented associated with class i mhc molecules. although proteins or inactivated virions have been experime ...19911707922
analysis of interstrain variation in cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b sequences encoding neutralization-related epitopes.nucleotide sequences of a part of the envelope glycoprotein b (gb) gene of human cytomegalovirus (cmv), encoding epitopes recognized by virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, were determined for 12 distinct clinical strains of cmv after amplification of suitable templates using the polymerase chain reaction. sequence analysis of this region (codons 384-717) revealed that the clinical strains and previously sequenced laboratory strains towne and ad169 belong to one of four variant groups, each ...19911709960
mapping of serologically relevant regions of human cytomegalovirus phosphoprotein pp150 using synthetic peptides.the entire amino acid sequence of human cytomegalo-virus (hcmv) 150k matrix phosphoprotein (pp150), consisting of 1048 amino acid residues, was divided into 95 overlapping 20 amino acid peptides which were synthesized on polyethylene rods. the rods were subjected to elisa with pooled anti-hcmv-positive and anti-hcmv-negative sera. four peptides recognized by the anti-hcmv-positive pool only were synthesized by the solid-phase method and their reactivity in a conventional elisa, using a panel of ...19911710650
fine specificity of cellular immune responses in humans to human cytomegalovirus immediate-early 1 protein.cell-mediated immunity is important in maintaining the virus-host equilibrium in persistent human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection. the hcmv 72-kda major immediate early 1 protein (ie1) is a target for cd8+ cytotoxic t cells in humans, as is the equivalent 89-kda protein in mouse. less is known about responses against this protein by cd4+ t cells, which may be important as direct effector cells or helper cells for antibody and cd8+ responses. proliferative-t-cell responses to hcmv ie1 were studi ...19911714519
human monoclonal antibodies to cytomegalovirus recognize viral epitopes on the surface of virus-infected cells.four human monoclonal antibodies directed against human cytomegalovirus were produced by fusing sp2/hpt heteromyeloma cells with peripheral blood lymphocytes, after stimulation in vitro for 6 days. the human hybridomas have been maintained in culture for one year and secrete, when cultured in serum-free medium, between 3.1 and 8.1 micrograms/ml of antibodies/10(6) cells/24 hours. hcv-1 and hcv-2 are igg kappa, while hcv-3 and hcv-4 are igg3 lambda. the four monoclonal antibodies immunoprecipitat ...19911714785
nucleotide sequence and transcriptional mapping of the major capsid protein gene of pseudorabies virus.the gene encoding the 142-kda major capsid protein (mcp142) of pseudorabies virus (prv) was isolated and sequenced. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the mcp142 gene has a single open reading frame of 3993 nucleotides (nt) encoding 1330 amino acids. the 4400-nt major rna from the mcp142 gene was detected in prv-infected cells. the 5' end of the transcript was located 60 nt upstream of the initiation codon. the 3' end of the transcript was located 18 nt downstream of a putative poly(a) s ...19911718089
[endomyocardial biopsy in the heart transplant patient: the state of the art].data regarding 2176 endomyocardial biopsies (emb) (nov. '85-dec. '89) performed in 164 transplanted hearts (4 etherotopic) from 158 patients (6 retransplants) are herein reported. this study was aimed to evaluate: 1) incidence and characteristics of early ischemic myocardial damage. 2) the influence of different immunosurveillance protocols on incidence, degree and aggressiveness of acute rejection and the inflammatory infiltrate composition. 3) the immunophenotype of infiltrating cells in moder ...19911804749
expression of a human monoclonal anti-hiv-1 antibody in cho cells.the cdna coding for the light and heavy chains, respectively, of the human monoclonal antibody 3d6 (igg1, kappa), which binds specifically to human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) gp41, was inserted into three different mammalian expression vectors and transfected into chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. transcription was under the control of rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (rsv ltr), human cytomegalovirus major immediate early (cmv ie) promoter, and mouse mammary tumor virus long termin ...19911809191
a murine cell line producing htlv-i pseudotype virions carrying a selectable marker gene.a murine cell line, eh, expressing the gag and pol proteins of moloney murine leukemia virus (mo-mlv) as well as an mo-mlv recombinant genome with a selectable marker (histidinol dehydrogenase), was transfected with a plasmid coding for the gene of the human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) envelope precursor (gp62), placed under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter. one clone, t. 14, was recovered, in which gp62 rna and protein were detected. supernatant from t ...19911845835
human cytomegalovirus ie2 negatively regulates alpha gene expression via a short target sequence near the transcription start site.repression of human cytomegalovirus alpha (immediate-early) gene expression is under the control of the viral ie2 gene. here we show that ie2 negatively regulates gene expression directed by the strong cytomegalovirus enhancer via a specific 15-bp target sequence (which we term cis repression signal [crs]). this crs is located between -14 and +1 relative to the transcription start site and will function in an orientation-independent fashion, consistent with repression occurring at the transcript ...19911846203
a cis-acting element in the major immediate-early (ie) promoter of human cytomegalovirus is required for negative regulation by ie2.the major immediate-early promoter (miep) of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) contains a number of different enhancer elements in both repetitive and nonrepetitive sequences that influence the level of downstream transcription. this report describes a cis-acting element in the miep that responds to negative regulation by the ie2 gene product. deletion analysis demonstrated that the cis-acting repressor element is located between the tata box and the transcription initiation site from -13 to -1. the d ...19911846204
comparative inhibitory effects of nucleoside analogues on different clinical isolates of human cytomegalovirus in vitro.various nucleoside analogues were examined for their inhibitory effects on plaque formation of the laboratory strain ad-169 and 11 clinical isolates of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) in human embryonic fibroblast (mrc-5) cells. the most selective inhibitors of cmv replication were 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (dhpg), (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine (hpmpc), and (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (hpmpa). the 50% effective concentrations (ec50) for cmv ...19911846389
the n-terminal 513 amino acids of the envelope glycoprotein gb of human cytomegalovirus stimulates both b- and t-cell immune responses in humans.host defense against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) involves both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. in this report, human immune responses to glycoproteins encoded by the hcmv gb homolog gene have been examined by using glycoproteins purified by immunoaffinity from hcmv virions and recombinant proteins expressed by vaccinia viruses containing either the entire gb open reading frame or a c-terminal deletion mutant, gbm165, coding for the n-terminal 513 amino acids of gb. neutralizing antibodies, ...19911847481
cytomegalovirus nucleic acid distribution within the human vascular tree.the presence of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) nucleic acids was demonstrated in almost all major arteries of hcmv-seropositive patients by polymerase chain reaction. the amount of hcmv nucleic acids present in the arterial wall was calculated to be less than 2 viral genomic equivalents per 2500 human genomic equivalents. no relation was observed between the presence of hcmv nucleic acids in the arterial wall and the existence of atherosclerotic changes. no differences were observed in the number ...19911848040
cellular localization of human cytomegalovirus reactivation in the cervix. 19911849167
the detection of human cytomegalovirus immediate early antigen in peripheral blood leucocytes.recently, van der bij et al. (1988) reported that active human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection could be diagnosed by the detection of hcmv immediate early antigen (iea) directly in the peripheral blood leucocytes of renal transplant recipients. however, the indirect peroxidase technique used resulted in high background staining due to endogenous peroxidase activity and thus the detection of hcmv-iea positive leucocytes, which are sometimes present in extremely low numbers, was not always reliab ...19911849539
three mdbp sites in the immediate-early enhancer-promoter region of human cytomegalovirus.mdbp, a mammalian sequence-specific dna-binding protein, was found to recognize two sites in the major immediate-early (ie) enhancer of human cytomegalovirus. the recognition sequence for mdbp at each of these sites was localized to 14 bp by studying the effects of limited g methylation, depurination, depyrimidination, or deoxyribose modification on the ability of these sites to bind to mdbp. in addition to the two high-affinity mdbp sites in the enhancer, one low-affinity mdbp site was detected ...19911850934
the 21bp repeat element of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate early enhancer is a negative regulator of gene expression in undifferentiated cells.the major immediate early regulatory region of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) has a complex set of dna sites through which both cellular and viral factors coordinately regulate immediate early gene expression. in undifferentiated human teratocarcinoma (t2) cells we have previously shown that major immediate early gene expression is repressed by a differentiation specific nuclear factor mbf1, which binds to the imperfect dyad symmetry located upstream of the enhancer. however, upon differentiation ...19911851560
expression of a human cytomegalovirus receptor correlates with infectibility of cells.previous studies have demonstrated that human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) specifically binds to a fibroblast membrane glycoprotein(s) with a molecular mass from 30 to 34 kda. in this study, the distribution of the putative receptor proteins was analyzed in a variety of cell types, including cell types representative of those that are infected in vivo. using a sensitive microbinding assay (to score virus attachment) and an indirect detection method (to score hcmv-binding proteins), we found that the 3 ...19911851872
an fc receptor for human immunoglobulin g is located within the tegument of human cytomegalovirus.immunogold electron microscopy has demonstrated that human immunoglobulin g (igg) can bind to the tegument of human cytomegalovirus virions by the fc portion of the molecule. this binding was inhibited by preincubation of the fc probes with protein a. treatment of ad169 virions with triton x-100 allowed release of the fc-binding proteins, which were precipitated and characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). polypeptides of approximately 69 and 33 kda were recovered and shown by ...19911851889
molecular comparisons of the beta 2-microglobulin-binding site in class i major-histocompatibility-complex alpha-chains and proteins of related sequences.beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) binds non-covalently to the alpha 1, alpha 2 and alpha 3 domains of the alpha-chain of class i major-histocompatibility-complex (mhc) molecules. on the basis of the crystal structures of human leucocyte antigens hla-a2.1 and hla-aw68.1, we have used molecular-graphics analyses to define 44 contact points between 19 alpha-chain residues and 18 beta 2m residues. in 88 other alpha-chain sequences from the hla-a, hla-b, hla-c, hla-d, hla-e, hla-f and hla-g locus produc ...19911859364
efficient gene transfer and expression in primary b lymphocytes.in this study we have used a panel of vectors expressing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter gene under the control of different regulatory elements to optimize gene transfer and expression in primary b lymphocytes. the moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat (momlv ltr) and the sv40 early region promoters, while functional in transfected plasmacytoma cell lines, did not give rise to detectable cat activity following transfection into primary activated mouse or human ...19911865123
a comparison of transcriptional regulatory element activities in transformed and non-transformed rat anterior pituitary cells.transformed (gh-3) and non-transformed (p3) rat anterior pituitary cells were compared in their ability to direct expression of plasmids containing a variety of eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory elements (tres). these include the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (hsv-tk), rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (rsv-ltr), simian virus 40 early (sv-40e), human cytomegalovirus immediate-early (cmv-ie) and mouse metallothionein 1 (mmt-1) tres. chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) gene ...19912050277
sequence determination and genetic content of an 8.9-kb restriction fragment in the short unique region and the internal inverted repeat of marek's disease virus type 1 dna.the dna sequence (8.9 kb) covering about 70% of the short unique region (us) and part of the short inverted repeat of the marek's disease virus type 1 ga strain was determined. computer analysis of the sequence showed the presence of nine potential open reading frames (orfs), consisting of more than 300 nucleotides in the us region. of these orfs, four were found to be homologous to us10 (minor virion protein), us3 (protein kinase), us2, and us6 (gd) in the us region of alpha-herpesvirus herpes ...19921282282
a possible role for nonsense suppression in the synthesis of a human cytomegalovirus 58-kda virion protein.a 1.6-kb late mrna originating from the hindiii r fragment of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) encodes a 58-kda virion phosphoprotein. data presented support the hypothesis that this protein may be synthesized via the translational readthrough of an opal termination codon separating two open reading frames located in tandem. to our knowledge this is the first report of nonsense suppression as a means of regulating gene expression in hcmv.19921309277
characterization of human cytomegalovirus ul84 early gene and identification of its putative protein product.the dna sequence and transcription pattern of human cytomegalovirus early gene ul84 were analyzed. this gene was mapped within a 2.6-kb psti fragment located between 0.534 and 0.545 map unit of the large unique segment of the human cytomegalovirus genome, which is adjacent to the pp65 and pp71 genes. a 2.0-kb mrna was transcribed from this region in the same leftward direction as the mrnas of the pp65 and pp71 genes. the message was first detected at 2.5 h postinfection and reached a maximal lev ...19921309892
a 10-base-pair element of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat (ltr) is an absolute requirement for transactivation by the human cytomegalovirus 72-kilodalton ie1 protein but can be compensated for by other ltr regions in transactivation by the 80-kilodalton ie2 protein.transient gene expression studies have indicated that human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) specifically transactivates the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) long terminal repeat (ltr). we show here, by a specific mutational analysis, that only the tata box region is obligatory for transactivation of the hiv-1 ltr by hcmv. similarly, this element is also sufficient for transactivation by either the hcmv 72-kda major immediate-early 1 (ie1) or 80-kda ie2 gene product independently. however, deletion of a ...19921310765
a human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein complex designated gc-ii is a major heparin-binding component of the envelope.the purposes of this study were to determine whether heparin would block human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection of skin fibroblast (sf) cells and to identify hcmv envelope glycoproteins which might have affinity for heparin. it was determined that soluble heparin in concentrations of 5 to 20 micrograms/ml was capable of blocking hcmv infection of sf cells. however, after virus had adsorbed to the sf cells, heparin lost its ability to block infection. it was also determined that treatment of sf c ...19921310777
development and clinical significance of a diagnostic assay based on the polymerase chain reaction for detection of human cytomegalovirus dna in blood samples from immunocompromised patients.the presence of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) dna in blood was investigated by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in 293 blood samples from 86 immunocompromised patients. of the 86 patients, 23 underwent clinical and virologic follow-up for hcmv infection. in parallel, blood samples were examined for viremia and antigenemia. concordant results between pcr and assays for viremia and antigenemia were obtained on 124 positive and 110 negative samples, with an overall concordance of 79.8%, while 59 ...19921311338
processing of human cytomegalovirus envelope glycoproteins in and egress of cytomegalovirus from human astrocytoma cells.the synthesis of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) envelope glycoproteins and the production of infectious hcmv in human astrocytoma and skin fibroblast (sf) cells were analysed. hcmv envelope glycoproteins synthesized in astrocytoma cells had lower mrs than the same glycoproteins synthesized in sf cells regardless of the strain of hcmv used, showing that the differences observed were due to differences in processing by the host cell and not the strain of hcmv used. hcmv envelope glycoproteins synthe ...19921311355
incorporation of the carbocyclic analog of 2'-deoxyguanosine into the dna of herpes simplex virus and of hep-2 cells infected with herpes simplex virus.the carbocyclic analog of 2'-deoxyguanosine (cdg) is active against herpes simplex virus (hsv), human cytomegalovirus, and human hepatitis-b virus. in order to understand the mechanism of action of this compound against hsv, we have evaluated (a) the incorporation of [3h]cdg into viral and host dna in hep-2 cells infected with hsv and (b) the interaction of the 5'-triphosphate of cdg (cdg-tp) with the hsv dna polymerase and human dna polymerases alpha, beta, and gamma (ec 2.7.7.7). incubation of ...19921311407
an acidic region of the 89k murine cytomegalovirus immediate early protein interacts with dna.the product of the ie1 gene, the regulatory immediate early protein pp89 of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), interacts with core histones, which can mediate the association of pp89 with dna. we report the capacity of pp89 to interact directly with dna in the absence of cellular proteins. after separation of proteins by sds-page, pp89 bound ds- and ssdna, with a preference for ssdna. binding to specific dna sequences in the mcmv genome was not detected. the dna-binding region of pp89 was located to ...19921312114
the herpes simplex virus type 1 tegument protein vp22 is encoded by gene ul49.vp22 is a major tegument protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 and is highly phosphorylated in the infected cell. indirect evidence exists to suggest that it is encoded by gene ul49, present in the bamhi f fragment of the genome. using the polymerase chain reaction we have cloned the ul49 open reading frame into a mammalian expression vector under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early gene promoter. after transfection into cos-7 cells expression of the gene product was detect ...19921312128
[detection of cytomegalovirus in urine specimens from renal transplant recipients using polymerase chain reaction].human cytomegalovirus (cmv) in this study, a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed to detect human cytomegalovirus (cmv) from urine specimens taken from renal transplant patients and one congenital cmv infection. twenty eight urine specimens of 20 renal transplant patients were analyzed by the pcr. cmv infection was detected in 11 specimens (8 recipients). the incidence (40.0%) of pcr positive in the renal transplant patients was highest among the other conventional methods includi ...19921312182
detection of human cytomegalovirus in peripheral mononuclear cells and urine samples using pcr.samples of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 105 different blood donors were investigated for the presence of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) dna using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with primers specific for the pst i w fragment (ie region). viral dna sequences were detected in 53 samples, a fifth of which had been previously serotyped as hcmv negative. in the latter cases, western blot analysis re-determined two out of three individuals that were resampled as seropositive. pcr could therefor ...19921312222
cytomegalovirus detection in kidney transplants: results obtained from the polymerase chain reaction.kidneys from twelve renal transplant recipients were examined prior to and after graft failure and explantation. the investigations included conventional light and electron microscopy and the analysis of human cytomegalovirus-related viral proteins and viral dna. nucleic acid hybridization studies were conducted on kidney explants by an in situ method using dna probes and by the polymerase chain reaction employing primers and probe for immediate early gene targets. in none of the cases did light ...19921312918
comparison of sensitivities of three commercial mrc-5 cell lines grown in shell vials to cytomegalovirus and responses to enhancing agents.mrc-5 cells grown in shell vials from three suppliers (whittaker bioproducts, bartels, and viromed) were evaluated for sensitivity to human cytomegalovirus. previous studies done in our laboratory showed that treatment of the cells with dexamethasone (dex) and dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) or these agents plus calcium improved the sensitivity of cells from whittaker. in this study, we compared the response of the whittaker cells with those of the cells from bartels and viromed, both treated and untr ...19921313044
variations in the cytomegalovirus major immediate-early gene found by direct genomic sequencing.an assay to detect and sequence dna from human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) immediate-early gene region 1 has been developed; it involves in vitro amplification by the polymerase chain reaction and direct solid-phase sequencing of the amplified material. urine samples from 16 patients tested positive for hcmv dna in both a colorimetric assay for the detection of immobilized amplified nucleic acids and a standard polymerase chain reaction assay with agarose gel electrophoresis. ten urine samples from h ...19921315340
[a case of fatal malabsorption syndrome caused by strongyloidiasis complicated with isosporiasis and human cytomegalovirus infection].this 54-year-old korean coal miner suffered from continuous watery diarrhea and weight loss after corticosteroid treatment (beta-methasone, 4 mg daily for 1 week) due to hip-bone fracture in january 1991. except for the short therapy of steroid, no other histories were contributory. the malabsorption syndrome was aggravated while the case was treated under the impression of amebiasis or intestinal tuberculosis. aids antibody test by eia was negative and quantitative analysis of serum immunoglobu ...19921315569
comparison of different immunostaining techniques and monoclonal antibodies to the lower matrix phosphoprotein (pp65) for optimal quantitation of human cytomegalovirus antigenemia.the main parameters of immunostaining techniques, i.e., the type of fixative, immunocytochemical reaction, and quality of monoclonal antibodies (mabs), for quantitation of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) antigenemia in peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (currently performed by the indirect immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase reaction by using mabs to hcmv pp65) were investigated in order to optimize procedural steps and reagents. significantly better results (in terms of the number of ...19921316367
[effectiveness of phosphonoformic acid in herpes infections].the antiviral efficacy of phosphonoformic acid (pfa) was examined on tissue cultures of the human embryonal lungs against the viruses herpes simplex type 1 and 2, herpes zoster, and the human cytomegalovirus using the method of the inhibition of the cytopathic effect and against herpes simplex type 1 and 2 on the tissue cultures of vero cells using the methods of the inhibition of plaque formation. pfa was demonstrated to inhibit the reproduction of the viruses under study in both tests on tissu ...19921316808
increased sensitivity for detection of human cytomegalovirus in urine by removal of inhibitors for the polymerase chain reaction.the presence of inhibitors in urine interferes with the enzymatic reaction of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). to remove inhibitors, hcmv virions in urine were precipitated with polyethylene glycol, or dna was extracted from urine by the use of glass powder and subjected to pcr followed by southern blot hybridization with alkaline phosphatase-linked oligonucleotide probes. these simple, rapid methods increased significantly the sensitivity of pcr ...19921317879
the human cytomegalovirus 80-kilodalton but not the 72-kilodalton immediate-early protein transactivates heterologous promoters in a tata box-dependent mechanism and interacts directly with tfiid.we have asked how the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early 1 (ie1) and 2 (ie2) proteins act to transactivate heterologous cellular and viral promoters. here we show that transactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat and the 70,000-molecular-weight heat shock protein (hsp70) promoter by ie1 is tata box independent and that the ie1 protein does not interact directly with the tata box-binding factor tfiid. conversely, transactivation of these promoters by ie2 is ta ...19921318414
microneutralization as a reference method for selection of the cut-off of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of igg antibody to human cytomegalovirus.in view of developing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the determination of igg antibody to human cytomegalovirus, a rapid microneutralization (nt) assay was used to test five positive standard sera containing increasing amounts of specific antibody and a negative standard serum. the standard serum containing the minimal amount of detectable nt antibody was selected as a cut-off standard for the elisa test. following preliminary testing on previously characterized sera which gave ...19921318488
new monoclonal antibodies for the detection of immediate early antigens of cytomegalovirus.two new monoclonal antibodies, cie-1 and cie-2, were developed for the rapid detection of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection. they were found to be reactive with immediate early protein of hcmv in the nuclei of infected fibroblasts, as early as 3 hours post-infection. by radioimmunoprecipitation, cie-1 was found to react with a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 70,000, whereas cie-2 precipitated 2 proteins of 70,000 and 72,000 daltons, respectively. both monoclonal antibodies reco ...19921319172
human cytomegalovirus ul97 open reading frame encodes a protein that phosphorylates the antiviral nucleoside analogue ganciclovir.human cytomegalovirus (hcmv, a betaherpes virus) is the cause of serious disease in immunologically compromised individuals, including those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. one of the compounds used in the chemotherapy of hcmv infections is the nucleoside analogue 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)-guanine (ganciclovir). the mechanism of action of this drug is dependent on the formation of the nucleoside triphosphate, which is a strong inhibitor of the viral dna polymerase. thymidine kin ...19921319559
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