Publications

isolation of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) cdna clones: primary structure of the protein and unusual 5' non-coding region.	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) is an ubiquitous enzyme which by determining the nadph level has a crucial role in nadph-mediated reductive processes in all cells (1). the structural gene for g6pd, gd, is x-linked in mammals and on the basis of its expression in many tissues, it can be regarded as a typical "housekeeping" gene (2). over 300 variants of the protein are known, many of which have deficient enzyme activity. nearly 100 of these variants are polymorphic in various populations ...	1986	3515319
how proteins get into microbodies (peroxisomes, glyoxysomes, glycosomes).	all microbody proteins studies, including one microbody membrane protein, are made on free polysomes and imported post-translationally. this holds for animal tissues, plants, and fungi. the majority of microbody protein sub-units are synthesized in a form not detectably different from mature sub-units. in five cases a larger precursor protein has been found. the position of the extra piece in this precursor is not known. in two of the five cases, processing of the precursor is not coupled to imp ...	1986	3516224
separation of chromosomal dna molecules from c.albicans by pulsed field gel electrophoresis.	modifications have been made to standard pulse field gel electrophoresis (pfge) systems to enable very large dna molecules to be resolved. the single most important modification was to elevate the temperature of electrophoresis to 35 degrees c. this enabled the largest saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome to be reproducibly resolved. more impressively, it enabled the dna of candida albicans to be clearly resolved into six bands, a feat which was very difficult at lower temperatures. even so, opti ...	1986	3520483
further studies on the quaternary structure of yeast casein kinase ii.	casein kinase type ii were isolated by the same procedure, from rat liver, human placenta, querin carcinoma and yeast, and characterized. the mammalian enzymes were composed of three subunits alpha, alpha' and beta, whereas yeast kinase was composed of two subunits alpha and alpha'. it was shown that the catalytic activity, substrate and phosphate donor specificity, sensitivity to heparin and spermine were the same for all the kinases tested. the results give additional support to the suggestion ...	1986	3521166
pathogenesis of vaginal candidiasis: studies with a mutant which has reduced ability to adhere in vitro.	a spontaneous, cerulenin-resistant mutant of candida albicans (strain 4918-10) was found to adhere less readily to human vaginal mucosal cells in vitro than a wild type c. albicans (strain 4918). in a murine model of vaginal infection, strain 4918-10 was found to be less virulent than wild type c. albicans, i.e., the infection rate caused by 4918-10 was only 31% of that observed with wild type, 4918. a chitin-soluble extract (cse) prepared from 4918 blocked attachment of yeast cells to human vag ...	1986	3522840
molecular approaches to the study of nucleotide excision repair in eukaryotes.	very little is known about the molecular mechanism of nucleotide excision repair in eukaryotes. studies on human cells have been stimulated by the availability of excision repair-defective cell lines from patients suffering from the autosomal recessive disease xeroderma pigmentosum (xp). such studies have contributed significantly to an understanding of the genetic complexity of excision repair in human cells. however, to date, no human excision repair genes or gene products known to complement ...	1986	3527144
expression of synthetic human-lysozyme gene in saccharomyces cerevisiae: use of a synthetic chicken-lysozyme signal sequence for secretion and processing.	a multicopy plasmid was constructed to direct the synthesis and secretion of human lysozyme (hly) in saccharomyces cerevisiae. this plasmid contains a synthetic chicken-lysozyme signal sequence (sig) and a synthetic hly structural gene, both inserted between the yeast gal10 promoter and 2 mu plasmid flp (flip-flop recombination gene) terminator. the resulting plasmid directed the expression of the hybrid pre-lysozyme, with most of the hly activity secreted into the culture medium and extracellul ...	1986	3527872
[increase in the coefficient of component utilization by balancing the composition of the nutrient medium for growing pneumococci].	the possibility of using the experimental-analytical balance method (eabm) for development of balanced media, optimal and economic by their composition is shown. the method is based on the specific growth activity of the medium components and mathematical calculation of their concentrations. a balanced medium containing human placenta hydrolysate was developed. the medium has a high component consumption coefficient and provides maintenance of high levels of the pneumococcal culture biological p ...	1986	3532938
efficient expression of the saccharomyces cerevisiae pgk gene depends on an upstream activation sequence but does not require tata sequences.	the saccharomyces cerevisiae pgk (phosphoglycerate kinase) gene encodes one of the most abundant mrna and protein species in the cell. to identify the promoter sequences required for the efficient expression of pgk, we undertook a detailed internal deletion analysis of the 5' noncoding region of the gene. our analysis revealed that pgk has an upstream activation sequence (uaspgk) located between 402 and 479 nucleotides upstream from the initiating atg sequence which is required for full transcri ...	1986	3540610
the nucleotide sequence of a cdna clone containing the entire coding region for mouse x-chromosome-linked phosphoglycerate kinase.	a clone containing cdna for x chromosome-linked phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk-1) was isolated from a mouse myeloma cdna library. the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the cdna has been determined, and the amino acid (aa) sequence of the enzyme thereby deduced. at the nt level, the coding region of mouse pgk cdna has 93% homology with human x-linked cdna and 60% homology with the yeast gene. mouse pgk-1 protein contains 416 aa and is 98%, 96% and 64% homologous with human, horse, and yeast enzyme sequen ...	1986	3542714
unusually high-level expression of a foreign gene (hepatitis b virus core antigen) in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	as a model system for the study of factors affecting gene expression, hepatitis b virus core antigen (hbcag) has been expressed in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. the singularly high levels of expression achieved are approx. 40% of the soluble yeast protein. the hbcag polypeptides are present as 28-nm particles which are morphologically indistinguishable from hbcag particles in human plasma and are highly immunogenic in mice. the plasmid construction employed to achieve these very high level ...	1986	3542716
the complete nucleotide sequence of the tobacco chloroplast genome: its gene organization and expression.	the complete nucleotide sequence (155 844 bp) of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum var. bright yellow 4) chloroplast dna has been determined. it contains two copies of an identical 25 339 bp inverted repeat, which are separated by a 86 684 bp and a 18 482 bp single-copy region. the genes for 4 different rrnas, 30 different trnas, 39 different proteins and 11 other predicted protein coding genes have been located. among them, 15 genes contain introns. blot hybridization revealed that all rrna and trna g ...	1986	16453699
characterization of two members of the rho gene family from the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.	the rho genes comprise an evolutionarily conserved family with significant homology to the ras oncogene family. two members of the rho family were isolated from the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and characterized by dna sequence analysis. the yeast genes rho1 and rho2 are 70% and 57% identical, respectively, to the rho gene of the marine snail aplysia, and they are 53% identical to each other. inactivation of these genes showed that rho1 is required for cell viability, while rho2 is not an esse ...	1987	3543936
subcellular location of enzymes involved in the n-glycosylation and processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	a particulate translation system isolated from the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae was shown to translate faithfully in-vitro-transcribed mrna coding for a mating hormone precursor (prepro-alpha-factor mrna) and to n-glycosylate the primary translation product after its translocation into the lumen of the microsomal vesicles. glycosylation of its three potential sugar attachment sites was found to be competitively inhibited by acceptor peptides containing the consensus sequence asn-xaa-thr, suppo ...	1987	3549291
enhancement of neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis by human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor demonstrated using a novel mathematical model.	a mathematical model is presented which may be applied to describe and analyse data from microscopic phagocytosis assays. the method has been used to investigate the phagocytosis of opsonized yeast by peripheral blood neutrophils treated with purified recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rh gm-csf) in vitro. under limiting conditions of serum opsonization, rh gm-csf decreased the proportion of non-phagocytic cells and increased the mean number of ingested yeast per ...	1987	3500121
augmentation of lung antineutrophil elastase capacity with recombinant human alpha-1-antitrypsin.	to evaluate the potential use of recombinant dna-produced alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha-1-at) to augment the lung antineutrophil elastase defenses in alpha-1-at deficiency, we compared the kinetics of intravenously administered recombinant produced alpha-1-at (r alpha-1-at) and purified normal human plasma alpha-1-at (p alpha-1-at) in the blood and lung of rhesus monkeys. the r alpha-1-at was produced in yeast transformed with an expressing plasmid containing a full-length human alpha-1-at compleme ...	1987	3500941
a human and a plant intron-containing trnatyr gene are both transcribed in a hela cell extract but spliced along different pathways.	trna splicing enzymes had been identified in mammalian and plant cells long before homologous intron-containing trna genes were detected. the trnatyr gene presented here is the first intron-containing, human trna gene for which transcription and pre-trna maturation has been studied in a homologous system. this gene is disrupted by a 20-bp long intron and encodes one of the two major human trnastyr which have been purified and sequenced. a trnatyr gene recently isolated from nicotiana also contai ...	1987	3502708
comparative anti-inflammatory activity of different superoxide dismutases and liposomal sod in ischemia.	comparison of superoxide dismutases from different sources with respect to biological activity in the rat tourniquet poditis model shows that anti-ischemic activity is very variable although all the enzymes have the same specific enzymic activity. both bovine cu-sod and e. coli mn-sod have excellent properties whereas yeast cu-sod and the homologous rat cu-sod show zero activity. the results confirm earlier demonstrations that (1) "all superoxide dismutases are equal but some are more equal than ...	1987	3508453
leiner's disease associated with diminished third component of complement.	a 6-week-old female infant experienced recurrent diarrhea, wasting, and generalized seborrheic dermatitis. she manifested defective yeast opsonization and concomitant very low level of the third component of complement (c3). this is the first report of leiner's disease associated with diminished c3. it corroborates evidence to suggest that yeast opsonic activity of normal human serum is dependent on c3 levels.	1987	2958789
the development of novel hepatitis b vaccines.	development of vaccines against viral hepatitis b has proceeded along four main lines. (1) human plasma-derived vaccines are safe, effective and are now in general use. (2) subunit polypeptide vaccines formulated in micelles have reached the stage of clinical trials. (3) recombinant dna vaccines have been produced in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, notably in yeast. the yeast-derived recombinant vaccines have proved safe and effective in extensive clinical trials, eliciting antibodies which in ...	1987	2959387
expression of the human adenovirus e1a product in yeast.	we synthesized the 13s mrna-encoded protein of the early region 1a (e1a) of human adenovirus in saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of the yeast gal7 gene promoter. similar to the case in hela cells, the e1a protein in yeast was phosphorylated and formed multiple bands on sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. these bands migrated more slowly than expected from the mr calculated on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of the gene. synthesis of the e1a protein caused ind ...	1987	2961653
human mrna polyadenylate binding protein: evolutionary conservation of a nucleic acid binding motif.	we have isolated a full length cdna (cdna) coding for the human poly(a) binding protein. the cdna derived 73 kd basic translation product has the same mr, isoelectric point and peptidic map as the poly(a) binding protein. dna sequence analysis reveals a 70,244 dalton protein. the n terminal part, highly homologous to the yeast poly(a) binding protein, is sufficient for poly(a) binding activity. this domain consists of a four-fold repeated unit of approximately 80 amino acids present in other nuc ...	1987	2885805
immunopathology of acute experimental histoplasmic choroiditis in the primate.	the immunopathologic features of experimental acute histoplasmic choroiditis were studied in the nonhuman primate. using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, a panel of hybridoma-derived anti-human monoclonal antibodies, recognizing distinct lymphoid cell and macrophage surface antigens, have been adapted for use in the primate system. twenty-two individual foci of histoplasmic choroiditis from five eyes were studied at time periods from 20 to 60 days post intracarotid injection of yeast phas ...	1987	3110092
primary structure of human nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle c proteins: conservation of sequence and domain structures in heterogeneous nuclear rna, mrna, and pre-rrna-binding proteins.	in the eucaryotic nucleus, heterogeneous nuclear rnas exist in a complex with a specific set of proteins to form heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (hnrnps). the c proteins, c1 and c2, are major constituents of hnrnps and appear to play a role in rna splicing as suggested by antibody inhibition and immunodepletion experiments. with the use of a previously described partial cdna clone as a hybridization probe, full-length cdnas for the human c proteins were isolated. all of the cdn ...	1987	3110598
the attachment to human buccal epithelial cells by candida albicans: an in vitro kinetic study using concanavalin a.	the early in vitro kinetics of candida albicans attachment to human buccal epithelial cells was studied with the aid of an adhesion assay and solutions of concanavalin a (con a), a lectin which is capable of inhibiting yeast adhesion. various saccharides and putative receptor analogues were also tested. solutions of each single reagent were added to tubes containing aliquots of mucosal cells and germinated yeasts at the beginning of a 1-hour incubation period (time o) or at 10 minute intervals d ...	1987	3295556
import and processing of human ornithine transcarbamoylase precursor by mitochondria from saccharomyces cerevisiae.	expression of the subunit precursor of the human mitochondrial matrix enzyme ornithine transcarbamoylase (otcase; ec 2.1.3.3) was programmed in saccharomyces cerevisiae from a 2-micron plasmid by using an inducible galactose operon promoter. in the presence of the inducing sugar (galactose), two polypeptides were specifically precipitable with anti-otcase antiserum: the human otcase precursor (40 kda); and the mature otcase subunit (36 kda). when yeast cells containing these species were lysed a ...	1987	3295876
identification of p34 and p13, human homologs of the cell cycle regulators of fission yeast encoded by cdc2+ and suc1+.	cdc2+ and cdc28 play central roles in the cell division cycles of the widely divergent yeasts schizosaccharomyces pombe and saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively. the genes encode protein kinases that show 62% protein sequence identity and are capable of cross-complementation. monoclonal antibodies were raised against p34cdc2, and a subset recognize p36cdc28. the cross-reacting antibodies detected a 34 kd homolog of the p34cdc2/p36cdc28, protein in hela cells. human p34 was also recognized by a ...	1987	3297353
influence of mucosal cell origin on the in vitro adherence of candida albicans: are mucosal cells from different sources equivalent?	the influence of collecting mucosal cells from various anatomical sites, and varying the date of collection and cell donor on adhesion of candida albicans to human epithelial cells was examined by using an in vitro adherence assay. examination of buccal mucosal cells from twenty-four donors showed statistically significant differences in the number of attached yeasts between individuals. sex did not exert a significant influence on adhesion. examination of buccal mucosal cells from ten donors co ...	1987	3299099
saccharomyces cerevisiae has a u1-like small nuclear rna with unexpected properties.	previous experiments indicated that only a small subset of the approximately equal to 24 small nuclear rnas (snrnas) in saccharomyces cerevisiae have binding sites for the sm antigen, a hallmark of metazoan small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snrnps) involved in pre-messenger rna splicing. antibodies from human serum to sm proteins were used to show that four snrnas (snr7, snr14, snr19, and snr20) can be immunoprecipitated from yeast extracts. three of these four, snr7, snr14, and snr20, have been ...	1987	3306922
opsonization of yeast by human serum iga anti-mannan antibodies and phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.	the ability of sera from 72 patients with liver disease to opsonize yeast for phagocytosis by normal polymorphonuclear leucocytes has been studied. seven showed defective opsonization. the opsonic activity of all but two sera was decreased markedly by heating at 56 degrees c for 1 h. when the two sera with heat stable opsonic activity were fractionated by gel filtration and by ion exchange chromatography, the activity copurified with iga, not with igg. the purified iga, radiolabelled with 125i w ...	1987	3308208
a multi-step isolation scheme for obtaining cd16+ human natural killer cells.	a multi-step isolation scheme capitalizing on negative selection protocols is described for obtaining an enriched population of cd16+ human natural killer (nk) cells. the isolation scheme consists of incubating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (mnc) on nylon wool, rosetting the nylon wool non-adherent cells with sheep red blood cells (srbcs) for 1 h at 29 degrees c and then utilizing a 'panning' technique to remove cd3+, non-rosetting cells. the final working cell population contained 70-80% c ...	1987	3312415
[expression of a gene for hybrid protein containing the [val8] amino acid sequence of calcitonin in yeast cells].	a recombinant plasmid has been constructed, which directs the synthesis of a hybrid protein, yeast repressible acid phosphatase [val8]calcitonin, in yeast. the plasmid contains a truncated gene (pho5) acid phosphatase lacking 96 c-terminal amino acids replaced by the synthetic gene for human calcitonin and sequences required for the plasmid propagation in transformed yeast cells. a modified ria method using immobilisation of protein extracts on solid supports was developed to monitor the express ...	1987	3314874
effects of a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis b vaccine in healthy adults.	under randomized, double-blind conditions, 220 medical students were vaccinated with either a 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 micrograms dose of a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis b or a 20 micrograms dose of a plasma-derived vaccine. vaccines were administered at months 0, 1, and 2. after 11 months, all vaccinees received a 20 micrograms booster of the recombinant vaccine. there were no significant differences in adverse reactions between the study groups. induction of ige antibodies to yeast was not obse ...	1987	3317345
structural characteristics of the pho8 gene encoding repressible alkaline phosphatase in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	the nucleotide sequence of a 3694-bp dna fragment bearing the pho8 gene encoding nonspecific repressible alkaline phosphatase (ralpase; ec 3.1.3.1) of saccharomyces cerevisiae was determined. the sequence contains a 1698 bp open reading frame (orf), and the major pho8 transcription start point at 32 bp upstream from the atg codon; several minor transcription start points are located between the major start point and atg. the major start point is most responsive to the phosphate signals. the amin ...	1987	3319783
umbelliferyl-labeled galactosaminide as an aid in identification of candida albicans.	the initial evaluation of a fluorescence, nonmicroscopic method of rapid identification of candida albicans is described. a total of 524 yeast isolates were evaluated in parallel by the umbelliferyl-conjugated n-acetyl-beta-d-galactosaminide (uag) test and the germ tube (gt) test in comparison with the api 20c yeast identification system. the uag test correctly identified 333 of the 334 isolates of c. albicans (99.7%), and the gt test identified 328 (98%). there were three false-positive gt reac ...	1987	3323233
role of fibronectin in the pathogenesis of candidal infections.	adherence of candida albicans yeast cells to mammalian cells in vitro is promoted by a cell-surface adhesin that is probably a mannan or a mannoprotein. this observation is based on results of studies that utilized either lectins or antibodies to candida that block attachment. selective enzymatic degradation of cell wall constituents has been used to define the surface ligand of the candidal cell. recently, nonadhering, spontaneous mutants of c. albicans, from both yeast and mycelial forms, that ...	1987	3326135
phaeohyphomycotic cyst caused by a recently described species, phaeoannellomyces elegans.	an 81-year-old man presented with a chronic, painful nodule on the palmar surface of the left fourth finger. as a former farm worker, the patient acknowledged frequent soil-contaminated wounds of the left hand 4 to 12 years previously, but he denied any recent trauma. the patient's other medical problems included a history of chronic immunoglobulin a gammopathy and a new pleural mass eroding into adjacent ribs on chest x-ray. the finger nodule was excised and consisted of an intact phaeohyphomyc ...	1987	3571467
cloning and sequence of rat myoadenylate deaminase cdna. evidence for tissue-specific and developmental regulation.	myoadenylate deaminase is the muscle-specific isoform of amp deaminase (ec 3.5.4.6), an enzyme which plays a special role in energy metabolism in skeletal muscle. a 2.3-kilobase cdna encoding this enzyme has been cloned from a lambda gt10 library prepared from rat skeletal muscle using oligonucleotide probes designed from amp deaminase peptide sequences. this cdna was sequenced, and the amino acid sequence of this isoform of amp deaminase was deduced. sequences homologous to this cdna are identi ...	1987	3624265
the primary structure of rat ribosomal protein l5. a comparison of the sequence of amino acids in the proteins that interact with 5 s rrna.	the covalent structure of rat ribosomal protein l5, which associates with 5 s rrna in the organelle, was deduced from the sequence of nucleotides in a recombinant cdna (pl5-6-4) and confirmed from the sequences of amino acids in portions of the protein. ribosomal protein l5, encoded by pl5-6-4, contains 296 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 34,298. however, a second recombinant cdna, pl5-8-5, encodes a protein with an additional methionyl residue at position 236 and may be the product of ...	1987	3624282
lead and cadmium content in cocoa beans (short communication).	the choice of cocoa beans as the experimental and sample material for study of the contamination with lead and cadmium was inspired by high pb and cd limits in foods made on its basis (cocoa powder, chocolate) as well as by the relatively high proportion of these foods in human nutrition. for cd, the limits in food products are within the range of 0.01 mg x kg-1 (milk) to 1.0 mg x kg-1 (kidneys) whereas the limits for lead range between 0.1 mg x kg-1 (e.g. milk) and 10.0 mg x kg-1 (e.g. tea, yea ...	1987	3657942
analysis of rat natural killer cytotoxic factor (nkcf) produced by rat nk cell lines and the production of a murine monoclonal antibody that neutralizes nkcf.	natural killer cytotoxic factor (nkcf) is produced as a result of the interaction of murine, rat, or human natural killer (nk) cells with nk-susceptible targets. this factor has been linked to the target cell lysis mediated by the nk effector cell. in the present results, culture supernatants from rat large granular lymphocyte (lgl) tumors exhibited nkcf activity which lysed the susceptible targets, mbl-2 and yac-1. nkcf production from these rat tumor lines was spontaneous and was not significa ...	1987	3668253
effect of fosfomycin trometamol on bacterial adhesion in comparison with other chemotherapeutic agents.	the effect of fosfomycin trometamol in comparison with that of norfloxacin and co-trimoxazole on the hemagglutination, yeast cell aggregation and adhesive properties of both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms was studied. the strains were isolated from the urine of patients with urinary tract infections, or from vaginal swabs. at sublethal concentrations (1/4 and 1/8 of the minimal inhibitory concentration), the ability of the bacteria to adhere to human uroepithelial cells was reduc ...	1987	3552703
5-hydroxymethyluracil-dna glycosylase activity may be a differentiated mammalian function.	to determine the prevalence of the repair enzyme hmu-dna glycosylase we assayed its activity in whole cell extracts of several bacterial species, the eukaryotic yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, mammalian cell lines and murine tissue. enzyme activity was constitutively present in murine, hamster and human cell lines. it was not inducible by exposing cells to oxidative stress from ionizing radiation or by incubating cells with the 2'-deoxynucleoside of hmu, hmdu. in murine tissue, enzyme activity w ...	1987	3553917
infective endocarditis of a bicuspid aortic valve caused by hansenula anomala.	infective endocarditis due to hansenula anomala developed on a bicuspid aortic valve in a 40-year-old man. h. anomala, an ascomycetous yeast, may be a member of the normal flora of the throat and alimentary tract in humans but has not been previously known to be pathogenic in humans. a past history of intravenous drug use may have contributed to the development of disease in this patient.	1987	3799679
construction of expression vectors for the production of interferons in yeast.	expression vectors designed for the production of foreign proteins in yeast are constructed as a composite of functional dna segments brought together in a single plasmid dna molecule. such a composite dna molecule constitutes a complex entity in terms of its replication and selection functions (in both e. coli and s. cerevisiae) and its gene expression properties. the latter depend critically upon transcriptional control signals (the promoter and terminator regions from a highly expressed yeast ...	1987	2440740
a 20s particle ubiquitous from yeast to human.	we have purified and characterized a particle sedimenting at 20s from the postribosomal fraction of yeast, wheat germ, drosophila melanogaster tissue culture cells, chicken embryo fibroblasts, rabbit reticulocyte lysate, and hela cells. most of the protein constituents of the 20s particle have molecular weights of 20-35 kd and differ between species; however, some do have similar molecular weights and isoelectric points, suggesting they are related. several low-molecular-weight rnas, distinct fr ...	1987	2443724
human proto-oncogene c-jun encodes a dna binding protein with structural and functional properties of transcription factor ap-1.	nuclear oncogene products have the potential to induce alterations in gene regulation leading to the genesis of cancer. the biochemical mechanisms by which nuclear oncoproteins act remain unknown. recently, an oncogene, v-jun, was found to share homology with the dna binding domain of a yeast transcription factor, gcn4. furthermore, gcn4 and the phorbol ester-inducible enhancer binding protein, ap-1, recognize very similar dna sequences. the human proto-oncogene c-jun has now been isolated, and ...	1987	2825349
molecular cloning and characterization of the gene encoding cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	1. the structural gene for cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase (cct) was isolated from a saccharomyces cerevisiae genomic library by means of complementation in a mutant of the yeast defective in the enzyme. the cloned dna restored both the growth and cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase activity of the mutant. whereas the enzyme of the mutant was thermolabile, the enzyme produced by the transformant was indistinguishable in heat stability from that produced by the wild type. 2. strains carry ...	1987	2826147
expression and accurate processing of yeast penta-ubiquitin in escherichia coli.	an expression vector (psjyub-5) was constructed which contained five repeats of the "yeast ubiquitin gene" regulated by a heat-inducible lambda pl promoter. the vector, when expressed in escherichia coli, produced a penta-ubiquitin of approximately 42 kda. purified penta-ubiquitin was found to be as active as the human mono-ubiquitin in the in vitro atp/ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic assay of the reticulocyte lysate, indicating that the expressed gene product was recognized by the enzymes invol ...	1987	2826431
[resistance of parainfluenza virus 1 induced by treatment with yeast enzyme complex].		1987	2830767
human, yeast and hybrid 3-phosphoglycerate kinase gene expression in yeast.	when the gene for yeast 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk) is present on a high copy number plasmid in saccharomyces cerevisiae, 30-40 percent of yeast protein is produced as pgk. however, when the structural part of this gene is replaced by as many as twenty different heterologous genes, production of gene products is greatly reduced--usually by more than 20 fold. this decrease in protein production is accompanied by large decreases in the steady-state levels of mrna. however, in contrast to these ...	1987	3029688
nucleotide sequence of the mela gene, coding for alpha-galactosidase in escherichia coli k-12.	melibiose uptake and hydrolysis in e.coli is performed by the melb and mela proteins, respectively. we report the cloning and sequencing of the mela gene. the nucleotide sequence data showed that mela codes for a 450 amino acid long protein with a molecular weight of 50.6 kd. the sequence data also supported the assumption that the mel locus forms an operon with mela in proximal position. a comparison of mela with alpha-galactosidase proteins from yeast and human origin showed that these protein ...	1987	3031590
cloning of large segments of exogenous dna into yeast by means of artificial chromosome vectors.	fragments of exogenous dna that range in size up to several hundred kilobase pairs have been cloned into yeast by ligating them to vector sequences that allow their propagation as linear artificial chromosomes. individual clones of yeast and human dna that have been analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis appear to represent faithful replicas of the source dna. the efficiency with which clones can be generated is high enough to allow the construction of comprehensive libraries from the geno ...	1987	3033825
signal processing, glycosylation, and secretion of mutant hemagglutinins of a human influenza virus by saccharomyces cerevisiae.	we investigated the nature of signal recognition, transport, and secretion of mutant hemagglutinins (has) of a human influenza virus by the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. the cdna sequences encoding variant forms of influenza ha were expressed in s. cerevisiae. the ha polypeptides (ha500 and ha325) that were synthesized with their n-terminal signal peptides were correctly targeted to the membrane compartment where they were glycosylated. in contrast, the ha polypeptides (ha484 and ha308) lackin ...	1987	3037322
nucleotide sequence of the arg3 gene of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae encoding ornithine carbamoyltransferase. comparison with other carbamoyltransferases.	the complete nucleotide sequence of the arg3 structural gene encoding the monomer of the trimeric ornithine carbamoyltransferase (otcase) (ec 2.1.3.3) has been determined. it consists of 338 codons with a corresponding molecular mass of 37842 da. comparing otcases from escherichia coli, yeast, aspergillus, rat and man emphasizes peculiarities of the yeast enzyme but also brings to light an important degree of conservation between these proteins. comparing the various otcases with e. coli asparta ...	1987	3038540
expression and secretion in yeast of a 400-kda envelope glycoprotein derived from epstein-barr virus.	the major envelope glycoprotein (gp350) of epstein-barr virus has been expressed and secreted in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae as a 400-kda glycoprotein. this is the first example of the secretion of such a large, heavily glycosylated heterologous protein in yeast. since gp350 proved highly toxic to s. cerevisiae, initial cellular growth required repression of the expression of gp350. using temperature- or galactose-inducible promoters, cells could be grown and the expression of gp350 then ...	1987	3038696
controlled expression and purification of human immune interferon from high-cell-density fermentations of saccharomyces cerevisiae.	conditions for high-cell-density fermentations of saccharomyces cerevisiae strains producing recombinant-dna-derived proteins were established. strains producing human immune interferon (ifn-gamma) from the constitutive pgk promoter failed to grow to high cell densities and exhibited low plasmid stability. regulated expression of ifn-gamma was obtained in similar strains by employing a hybrid yeast gpd promoter that was subject to carbon source regulation due to the presence of regulatory dna se ...	1987	18576565
phosphate activated glutaminase-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system from different species and in different neuronal cell types and in astrocytes.	using antibodies against pig brain phosphate activated glutaminase, the enzyme appears to be rather conservative as we have observed immuno- staining in the brain from all species investegated [pig, cow, rabbit, rat, mouse, man, fish (cod and salmon) and bird (chicken)]. in addition, phosphate activated glutaminase from cultured mouse cerebral cortex inter- neurons (mainly gaba-ergic), cerebellar granule cells (glutamatergic) and astrocytes stained in an analogous manner. however, no phosphate a ...	1987	20501086
a single amino acid substitution converts cytochrome p450(14dm) to an inactive form, cytochrome p450sg1: complete primary structures deduced from cloned dnas.	genes for lanosterol 14-demethylase, cytochrome p450(14dm), and a mutated inactive cytochrome p450sg1 were cloned from s. cerevisiae strains d587 and sg1, respectively. a single nucleotide change resulting in substitution of asp for gly-310 of cytochrome p450(14dm) was found to have occurred in cytochrome p450sg1. in this protein the 6th ligand to heme iron is a histidine residue instead of a water molecule, which may be the ligand for the active cytochrome p450(14dm). molecular models of the ac ...	1988	3046615
transcriptional activation of heat-shock genes in eukaryotes.	prokaryotes and eukaryotes respond to thermal or various chemical stresses by the rapid induction of a group of genes collectively referred to as the heat shock genes. in eucaryotes, the expression of these genes is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level. the early observations that transfected heat shock genes were inducible in heterologous systems suggested the existence of common regulatory elements in these ubiquitous genes. sequence analysis of cloned drosophila heat shock genes r ...	1988	3048332
strain variation in phagocytosis of cryptococcus neoformans: dissociation of susceptibility to phagocytosis from activation and binding of opsonic fragments of c3.	phagocytosis of cryptococcus neoformans is markedly influenced by the presence of a polysaccharide capsule. we examined activation and binding of c3 fragments to eight isolates of c. neoformans. all isolates were shown to have capsules by light and electron microscopy. these strains differed in susceptibility to phagocytosis by neutrophils. yeast cells were opsonized by incubation in normal human serum. five strains were resistant to ingestion, two strains showed intermediate levels of resistanc ...	1988	3049374
global variation in g+c content along vertebrate genome dna. possible correlation with chromosome band structures.	the global, rather than local, variation in g+c content along the nuclear dna sequences of various organisms was studied using genbank sequence data. when long dna sequences of the genomes of escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined, the levels of their g+c content (g+c%) were found to be within a narrow range around that of the whole genome. the g+c% levels for sequences of vertebrate genomes, however, were found to cover a wide range, showing that their genome is a mosaic of ...	1988	3054117
yeast flocculation: competition between nonspecific repulsion and specific bonding in cell adhesion.	yeast flocculation is governed by the competition between electrostatic repulsion (nonspecific interaction) and polysaccharide-protein bonds (specific interaction). the electrical surface potential, which is mainly due to phosphodiester linkages (of the cell wall phosphomannan), maintains the cells dispersed. polysaccharides and proteins of the cell surface can readily penetrate the potential barrier and may establish specific bonds. the specific inhibition of flocculation by various mannosyl de ...	1988	3060233
dna repair in human cells: from genetic complementation to isolation of genes.	the genetic disease xeroderma pigmentosum (xp) demonstrates the association between defective repair of dna lesions and cancer. complementation analysis performed on xp cell strains and on repair deficient rodent cell lines has revealed that at least nine and possibly more than 13 genes are involved in early steps of the excision of ultraviolet light-induced dna lesions in mammalian cells. two of these genes have been cloned and others are in an advanced stage of cloning. one cloned gene, ercc-1 ...	1988	3066477
production of recombinant human colony stimulating factors in yeast.	efficient yeast expression and purification systems for production of recombinant human gm-csf, il-3 and g-csf have been established. though yeast-derived production of recombinant csfs (through the use of secretion based system) allows for generation of native molecules which can then be readily separated from fermentation broth, in many instances, natural cdnas have had to be altered to allow for efficient expression, as well as production of a less heterogeneous product. in the case of csfs d ...	1988	3071326
human recombinant derived il-3 and gm-csf in hematopoiesis of normal cynomolgus monkeys.	recent progress in molecular cloning has provided access to several major human colony-stimulating factors - gm-csf, il-3, g-csf and m-csf. now they are available highly purified from different expression systems (e.g. yeast, e. coli, cho cells). these molecules, acting multifunctionally in the hematopoietic system, are responsible for proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells in vitro. first clinical studies performed with colony-stimulating factors have shown th ...	1988	3071338
the human c-fos serum response factor and the yeast factors grm/prtf have related dna-binding specificities.	one of the elements that mediates growth factor and serum inducibility of the human c-fos gene is a region of dyad symmetry that lies between nucleotides -320 and -299 of the human gene. a mammalian protein specifically binds to this sequence element and has been termed the serum response factor (srf). gel-shift analysis and competition experiments demonstrate that there is a factor in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae that binds specifically to the human c-fos sre. the methylation interference ...	1988	3071491
the isolation, characterization and nucleotide sequence of the phosphoglucoisomerase gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae.	we have isolated the gene which encodes the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglucoisomerase (pgi) from the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae by functional complementation of a yeast mutant deficient in pgi activity with dna from a wild-type yeast genomic library. the cloned gene has been localized by hybridization of specific dna fragments to total yeast poly(a)+ rna and by complementation of the mutant phenotype with subclones. the gene is expressed as an abundant mrna of 1.9-kb and encodes a protein of 5 ...	1988	3072254
mitochondrial function in normal and genetically altered cells and tissues.	the impact upon oxidative metabolism of normal and pathological variations of oxidative capability is just beginning to be understood, based upon the few examples of human and animal subject survivals and the relatively few cell systems in which the impact of molecular pathologies on function has been studied. on the one hand, difficulties of isolation of systems containing altered oxidases are significant because of ineffective assembly or small amounts of surviving isoenzymes, and on the other ...	1988	3072898
engineering of human lysozyme as a polyelectrolyte by the alteration of molecular surface charge.	the surface positive charges of human lysozyme were either increased or decreased to alter the electrostatic interaction between enzyme and substrate in the lytic action of human lysozyme using site-directed mutagenesis. the amino acid substitutions accompanying either the addition or the removal of two units of positive charge have shifted the optimal ionic strength (nacl concentration in 10 mm mes buffer, ph 6.2) for the lysis of micrococcus lysodeikticus cell from 0.04 m to 0.1 m and from 0.0 ...	1988	3075758
a comparison of the inhibition of blastospore viability and germ-tube development in candida albicans by histidine peptides and ketoconazole.	synthetic homologous peptides of l-histidine, ranging in length from 3 to 64 amino-acid residues, suppressed blastospore viability. killing activity was dependent upon the peptide molecular size and concentration, and the time of cell exposure to the agent, but was independent of cell concentration in the range 10(5)-10(7) colony-forming units (c.f.u.) per ml. a 25 amino-acid residue polypeptide, similar to the human parotid salivary histidine-rich peptide (hrp-5), also affected yeast viability. ...	1988	3075885
lysosomal enzyme release from macrophages: a model of food yeast toxicity evaluation.	the role of lysosomal enzyme released by macrophages was examined in relation to the toxic effect caused by food yeast. mouse peritoneal macrophages exposed to yeast in culture showed marked release of n-acetyl glucosaminidase, beta-galactosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase below the median lethal dose (ld50). ld50 was measured from the dose response curves of the cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase enzyme. saccharomyces cerevisiae showed the highest ld50 followed by kluyveromyces fragilis and cand ...	1988	3076734
cdna cloning of human dna topoisomerase i: catalytic activity of a 67.7-kda carboxyl-terminal fragment.	cdna clones encoding human topoisomerase i were isolated from an expression vector library (lambda gt11) screened with autoimmune anti-topoisomerase i serum. one of these clones has been expressed as a fusion protein comprised of a 32-kda fragment of the bacterial trpe protein linked to 67.7 kda of protein encoded by the cdna. three lines of evidence indicate that the cloned cdna encodes topoisomerase i. (i) proteolysis maps of the fusion protein and human nuclear topoisomerase i are essentially ...	1988	2833744
studies on phagocytosis of unopsonized rabbit erythrocytes by human monocytes.	monolayers of freshly isolated human monocytes are known to ingest particulate activators of the human alternative complement pathway. the ingestion of rabbit erythrocytes, er, by human monocytes in serum-free medium was studied. the process is mg2+-dependent and optimum phagocytic activity was obtained at approximately 20 mm mgcl2. preincubation of mononuclear leukocytes increased the number of monocytes ingesting er by at least twofold and this involved de novo protein synthesis, as evidenced ...	1988	2834070
amino acid sequence of rat argininosuccinate lyase deduced from cdna.	argininosuccinate lyase [ec 4.3.2.1] is an enzyme of the urea cycle in the liver of ureotelic animals. the enzymes of the urea cycle, including argininosuccinate lyase, are regulated developmentally and in response to dietary and hormonal changes, in a coordinated manner. the nucleotide sequence of rat argininosuccinate lyase cdna, which was isolated previously (amaya, y., kawamoto, s., oda, t., kuzumi, t., saheki, t., kimula, s., & mori, m. (1986) biochem. int. 13, 433-438), was determined. the ...	1988	2834354
adenylate cyclase activity and cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in colon cancer lines and dermal fibroblasts and the effects of cholera toxin and epidermal growth factor.	the intracellular concentration and rate of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) synthesis, as measured by adenylate cyclase (ac) activity, were measured in dermal fibroblast cultures, colon cancer lines, and cells cultured from colonic epithelium and colonic adenomas. dermal fibroblasts had higher ac activity and intracellular camp levels than the colon cancer lines (p less than 0.05). benign colonic epithelial cultures (mucosa and adenomas) had ac levels similar to those found in dermal fibro ...	1988	2837611
yeast ars function and nuclear matrix association coincide in a short sequence from the human hprt locus.	a sequence that supports extrachromosomal replication of plasmids in yeast has been identified within the first intron of the human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) gene. this represents the first isolation of such an autonomously replicating sequence (ars) from an exactly known position in the human genome. this ars shares similarities of imparted yeast phenotype and dna sequence with other heterologous arss. in addition, this sequence is found to be a matrix association re ...	1988	2841570
construction of a human cytochrome c gene and its functional expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	the nucleotide sequences of a partial cdna and three pseudogenes of human cytochrome c were determined. the complete nucleotide sequences which encode human cytochrome c were constructed on the basis of one of the pseudogenes by in vitro mutagenesis. the constructed human cytochrome c was functionally expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae. the recombinant human cytochrome c was purified and characterized.	1988	2844747
isolation and characterization of the human 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase gene.	the human 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase gene was isolated from genomic libraries and analyzed by southern blots and dna sequencing. the transcription initiation site was localized by primer extension as well as by s1 protection of the mrna. the gene extends over 22 kilobase pairs; it is composed of two introns (8.8 and 11.5 kilobase pairs long) and three exons (84, 662, and 965 base pairs long). the second exon correlates with a functional subdomain of the protein, as shown by comparison with t ...	1988	2844822
perturbation of beta-glucan receptors on human neutrophils initiates phagocytosis and leukotriene b4 production.	normal human neutrophils were stimulated with the yeast cell wall product, zymosan, and examined for two biologic responses, ingestion of particles and production of leukotriene b4 (ltb4), under conditions that were comparable and optimal for the quantitation of each response. monolayers of adherent neutrophils ingested unopsonized zymosan particles, at particle-to-cell ratios of 12.5:1 to 125:1, in a dose- and time-related manner. at a ratio of 125:1, the percentages of neutrophils ingesting gr ...	1988	2844908
glutathione reductase: solvent equilibrium and kinetic isotope effects.	glutathione reductase catalyzes the nadph-dependent reduction of oxidized glutathione (gssg). the kinetic mechanism is ping-pong, and we have investigated the rate-limiting nature of proton-transfer steps in the reactions catalyzed by the spinach, yeast, and human erythrocyte glutathione reductases using a combination of alternate substrate and solvent kinetic isotope effects. with nadph or gssg as the variable substrate, at a fixed, saturating concentration of the other substrate, solvent kinet ...	1988	2848577
expression of interferon-gamma from hybrid yeast gpd promoters containing upstream regulatory sequences from the gal1-gal10 intergenic region.	the expression of human immune interferon (ifn-gamma) is toxic to yeast, resulting in low plasmid stability and copy number. the saccharomyces cerevisiae glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (gpd) promoter [bitter and egan, gene 32 (1984) 263-274] has been modified by introduction of upstream regulatory sequences from the yeast gal1-gal10 intergenic region [uasg; guarente et al., proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 79 (1982) 7410-7414] and utilized to express ifn-gamma. in contrast to the native ...	1988	2853097
glycogen phosphorylase in dictyostelium discoideum: demonstration of two developmentally regulated forms, purification to homogeneity, immunochemical analysis, camp induction, in vitro translation, and molecular cloning.	a key step in the cellular differentiation of dictyostelium is the degradation of glycogen to provide the precursors for synthesis of the structural end products of development. we have found that the enzyme that initiates this degradative pathway, glycogen phosphorylase (1,4-alpha-d-glucan:orthophosphate alpha-glucosyltransferase; ec 2.4.1.1), is developmentally regulated and exists as two forms. during the time course of development, a previously undescribed activity, the "b" form, decreases, ...	1988	2854025
toxic effects produced or mediated by human eosinophil granule components on trypanosoma cruzi.	the eosinophil granule major basic protein, the eosinophil cationic protein, and the eosinophil-derived neurotoxin were found to be lytic for trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes from blood, cell cultures, or insect vectors and for cultured amastigotes. the toxic effects of the major basic and cationic proteins were inhibited by the polyanions heparin and dextran sulfate, in keeping with the cationic nature of these proteins, or by heat denaturation, suggesting that molecular conformation was also ...	1988	2451444
clinical experience with a recombinant dna hepatitis b vaccine.	the clinical testing of engerixr-b, the hepatitis b vaccine produced by smithkline biologicals using recombinant dna technology, started in february 1984. since extensive pre-clinical laboratory work had established that the polypeptide (hbsag) expressed in genetically engineered yeast cells was after purification--physically, chemically and antigenically similar to the viral surface antigen particles found in the blood of chronic carriers, the aims of the clinical trials were to compare the saf ...	1988	2464196
yeast-expressed granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in cancer patients: a phase ib clinical study.	the in vivo effect of yeast-derived recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhgm-csf) was investigated in 29 patients with advanced malignancy in phase ib trial. patients were treated at six different dose levels (30-1000 micrograms/m2/day) with either daily intravenous bolus injection or 24 hours continuous infusion for 5 days or 2 weeks. administration of rh gm-csf resulted in a broad spectrum of dose-, route-, and schedule-dependent hematopoietic effects. sustained ...	1988	2467645
the effect of the secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor on leukocyte proteases released during phagocytosis.	the human secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor effectively binds and blocks the digestive activity of elastase released from pmn leukocytes during phagocytosis of opsonized yeast particles. about 25% of the alpha 1-protease inhibitor present in the incubation medium is inactivated during the phagocytosis, while the secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor retains more than 90% of its inhibiting capacity.	1988	2578013
in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effect of ethanol and acetaldehyde on o6-methylguanine transferase.	human and rat o6-methylguanine transferase (o6megt) are inhibited in vitro by ethanol at concentrations of 10 to 50 mm and by acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, at concentrations as low as 0.01 microm. several other enzymes, including glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and yeast alcohol dehydrogenase, which like o6megt have cysteines in their active sites, were not inhibited by acetaldehyde at the levels that inhibited o6megt. disulfiram, an acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor ...	1988	3365837
isolation of cdnas encoding finger proteins and measurement of the corresponding mrna levels during myeloid terminal differentiation.	the finger motif is a tandemly repeated dna-binding domain recently identified in the primary structure of several eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins. it was first described for xenopus tfiiia, a factor required for transcription of 5s ribosomal genes and subsequently identified in regulatory proteins from other eukaryotic organisms including yeast, drosophila and mammals. in this paper we report the isolation and characterization of two human cdna clones both encoding for multifinge ...	1988	3380682
effect of a single dose of cefotaxime or ceftriaxone on human faecal flora. a double-blind study.	the effect of cefotaxime and ceftriaxone on faecal flora was investigated in women undergoing routine vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy. three groups of 9 patients received, in a double-blind fashion and just before surgery, cefotaxime 2g intravenously, ceftriaxone 2g intravenously or no antibiotic (controls). stools were collected before prophylaxis (sample 1) and after surgery (samples 2 and 3). the only alteration after cefotaxime was a decrease of non-fastidious aerobic gram-negative flora i ...	1988	3396490
long-term cultivation of functional human macrophages in teflon dishes with serum-free media.	reported herein are the results of studies demonstrating the utility of a chemically defined, serum-free medium designated as aim-v (gibco) for the long-term (greater than 2 weeks) cultivation of functionally-defined human macrophages. the aim-v medium is a mixture of hepes-buffered dulbecco's modified eagle medium and ham's nutrient mixture f12 that had been supplemented with purified human albumin, transferrin, insulin, and a proprietary mixture of purified factors. nonadherent macrophages for ...	1988	3404068
activation at m-phase of a protein kinase encoded by a starfish homologue of the cell cycle control gene cdc2+.	in both starfish and amphibian oocytes, the activity of a major protein kinase which is independent of ca2+ and cyclic nucleotides increases dramatically at meiotic and mitotic nuclear divisions. the in vivo substrates of this kinase are unknown, but phosphorylation of h1 histone can be used as an in vitro assay. we have purified this kinase from starfish oocytes. the major band in the most highly purified preparation contained a polypeptide of relative molecular mass (mr) 34,000 (34k). this is ...	1988	3412486
[antiviral activity of yeast dsrna in experimental infection caused by the human acute encephalomyelitis virus].		1988	3414074
a gene activated by growth factors is related to the oncogene v-jun.	we have recently identified by cdna cloning a set of genes that are rapidly activated in cultured mouse cells by protein growth factors. here we report that the nucleotide sequence of a cdna (clone 465) derived from one of these immediate early genes (hereafter called jun-b) encodes a protein homologous to that encoded by the avian sarcoma virus 17 oncogene v-jun. homology between the jun-b and v-jun proteins is in two regions: one near the n terminus and the other at the c terminus. the latter ...	1988	3422745
chaoptin, a cell surface glycoprotein required for drosophila photoreceptor cell morphogenesis, contains a repeat motif found in yeast and human.	chaoptin is a photoreceptor cell-specific membrane protein. analysis of chaoptin mutants demonstrates that this glycoprotein plays a critical role in photoreceptor cell morphogenesis. we have deduced chaoptin's primary structure from the cdna sequence and examined its membrane topology. chaoptin is largely composed of 41 potentially amphipathic repeats. remarkably homologous repeats have been reported in both yeast and human, suggesting their general importance as a structural and/or functional ...	1988	3124963
interleukin 2 stimulates heart contractility in the presence of exogenous arachidonate or the calcium ionophore a 23187.	an increase in the isometric developed tension (idt) of isolated rat atria was observed shortly after the addition of human interleukin 2 (il-2) to the organ preparation with subthreshold concentrations of either arachidonate (aa, 1.98 x 10(-6)m) or the calcium ionophore a 23187 (1.9 x 10(-6)m). both natural purified il-2 (nil-2) and yeast recombinant il-2 (ril-2) were active in this experimental system. it was determined that this lymphokine was active at 2 x 10(-11)m, considering as a referenc ...	1988	3129371
chemical and immunological characterization of the 21-kda adp-ribosylation factor of adenylate cyclase.	the adp-ribosylation factor (arf) is a 21-kda gtp-binding protein cofactor in the cholera toxin-catalyzed adp-ribosylation of the stimulatory regulatory subunit of adenylate cyclase. purified bovine brain arf was digested with cyanogen bromide, and peptides were purified and sequenced. approximately 25-30% of the protein was sequenced in this manner. peptides contained consensus sequences for gtp-binding proteins but were distinct from any of the previously published gtp-binding proteins. antibo ...	1988	3131341
mutations at a zn(ii) finger motif in the yeast eif-2 beta gene alter ribosomal start-site selection during the scanning process.	we have genetically reverted his4 initiator codon mutants in yeast and identified three unlinked genes, sui1, sui2, and sui3 (suppressors of initiator codon mutants), which when mutated confer the ability to initiate at his4 despite the absence of an aug start codon. molecular and biochemical characterization shows that sui3 encodes the beta-subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eif-2. sui3 suppressor genes contain single base changes at a zn(ii) finger motif. this motif is pre ...	1988	3136928
[problems in the clinical application of human recombinant cytokines. present condition and types of mass-production of cytokines].		1988	3137379
codon usage patterns in escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, schizosaccharomyces pombe, drosophila melanogaster and homo sapiens; a review of the considerable within-species diversity.	the genetic code is degenerate, but alternative synonymous codons are generally not used with equal frequency. since the pioneering work of grantham's group it has been apparent that genes from one species often share similarities in codon frequency; under the "genome hypothesis" there is a species-specific pattern to codon usage. however, it has become clear that in most species there are also considerable differences among genes. multivariate analyses have revealed that in each species so far ...	1988	3138659