Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| a single intranasal or intramuscular immunization with chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored sars-cov-2 vaccine protects against pneumonia in hamsters. | the development of an effective vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), is a global priority. here, we compare the protective capacity of intranasal and intramuscular delivery of a chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding a prefusion stabilized spike protein (chimpanzee adenovirus [chad]-sars-cov-2-s) in golden syrian hamsters. although immunization with chad-sars-cov-2-s induces robust spike ... | 2021 | 34245672 |
| scalable live-attenuated sars-cov-2 vaccine candidate demonstrates preclinical safety and efficacy. | successfully combating the covid-19 pandemic depends on mass vaccination with suitable vaccines to achieve herd immunity. here, we describe covi-vac, the only live attenuated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) vaccine currently in clinical development. covi-vac was developed by recoding a segment of the viral spike protein with synonymous suboptimal codon pairs (codon-pair deoptimization), thereby introducing 283 silent (point) mutations. in addition, the furin cleavage ... | 2021 | 34193524 |
| characterization of a new sars-cov-2 variant that emerged in brazil. | the spike (s) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) plays a key role in viral infectivity. it is also the major antigen stimulating the host's protective immune response, specifically, the production of neutralizing antibodies. recently, a new variant of sars-cov-2 possessing multiple mutations in the s protein, designated p.1, emerged in brazil. here, we characterized a p.1 variant isolated in japan by using syrian hamsters, a well-established small animal mode ... | 2021 | 34140350 |
| sars-cov-2 b.1.1.7 infection of syrian hamster does not cause more severe disease, and naturally acquired immunity confers protection. | epidemiological studies have revealed the emergence of multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) variants of concern (voc), including the lineage b.1.1.7 that is rapidly replacing old variants. the b.1.1.7 variant has been linked to increased morbidity rates, transmissibility, and potentially mortality. to assess viral fitness in vivo and to address whether the b.1.1.7 variant is capable of immune escape, we conducted infection and reinfection studies in naive and con ... | 2021 | 34133199 |
| quantitative proteomics of hamster lung tissues infected with sars-cov-2 reveal host factors having implication in the disease pathogenesis and severity. | syrian golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) manifests lung pathology. in this study, efforts were made to check the infectivity of a local sars-cov-2 isolate in a self-limiting and non-lethal hamster model and evaluate the differential expression of lung proteins during acute infection and convalescence. the findings of this study confirm the infectivity of this isolate in vivo. analysis of clinical parameters and tissue ... | 2021 | 34105201 |
| a qualitative igg elisa for detection of sars-cov-2-specific antibodies in syrian hamster serum samples. | this protocol describes an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for qualitative detection of igg antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in syrian hamster serum samples. we describe the preparation of inactivated virus antigens and the negative control antigen and the use of antigen-coated microtiter plates to detect sars-cov-2-specific antibodies from sars-cov-2-infected hamsters, including the criteria for differentiating positive versus negative r ... | 2021 | 33997801 |
| nucleocapsid vaccine elicits spike-independent sars-cov-2 protective immunity. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is responsible for the covid-19 pandemic. neutralizing antibodies target the receptor binding domain of the spike (s) protein, a focus of successful vaccine efforts. concerns have arisen that s-specific vaccine immunity may fail to neutralize emerging variants. we show that vaccination with had5 expressing the nucleocapsid (n) protein can establish protective immunity, defined by reduced weight loss and viral load, in both syrian hamst ... | 2021 | 33948591 |
| covid-19-related anosmia is associated with viral persistence and inflammation in human olfactory epithelium and brain infection in hamsters. | whereas recent investigations have revealed viral, inflammatory, and vascular factors involved in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) lung pathogenesis, the pathophysiology of neurological disorders in coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) remains poorly understood. olfactory and taste dysfunction are common in covid-19, especially in mildly symptomatic patients. here, we conducted a virologic, molecular, and cellular study of the olfactory neuroepithelium of seven patient ... | 2021 | 33941622 |
| vascular inflammation is associated with loss of aquaporin 1 expression on endothelial cells and increased fluid leakage in sars-cov-2 infected golden syrian hamsters. | vascular changes represent a characteristic feature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) infection leading to a breakdown of the vascular barrier and subsequent edema formation. the aim of this study was to provide a detailed characterization of the vascular alterations during sars-cov-2 infection and to evaluate the impaired vascular integrity. groups of ten golden syrian hamsters were infected intranasally with sars-cov-2 or phosphate-buffered saline (mock infection) ... | 2021 | 33918079 |
| sex differences in lung imaging and sars-cov-2 antibody responses in a covid-19 golden syrian hamster model. | in the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), more severe outcomes are reported in males compared with females, including hospitalizations and deaths. animal models can provide an opportunity to mechanistically interrogate causes of sex differences in the pathogenesis of sars-cov-2. adult male and female golden syrian hamsters (8-10 weeks of age) were inoculated intranasally with 10 5 tcid 50 of sars-cov-2/ ... | 2021 | 33821269 |
| inactivated rabies virus vectored sars-cov-2 vaccine prevents disease in a syrian hamster model. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is an emergent coronavirus that has caused a worldwide pandemic. although human disease is often asymptomatic, some develop severe illnesses such as pneumonia, respiratory failure, and death. there is an urgent need for a vaccine to prevent its rapid spread as asymptomatic infections accounting for up to 40% of transmission events. here we further evaluated an inactivated rabies vectored sars-cov-2 s1 vaccine coravax in a syrian hamste ... | 2021 | 33765062 |
| a safe and highly efficacious measles virus-based vaccine expressing sars-cov-2 stabilized prefusion spike. | the current pandemic of covid-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) highlights an urgent need to develop a safe, efficacious, and durable vaccine. using a measles virus (rmev) vaccine strain as the backbone, we developed a series of recombinant attenuated vaccine candidates expressing various forms of the sars-cov-2 spike (s) protein and its receptor binding domain (rbd) and evaluated their efficacy in cotton rat, ifnar-/-mice, ifnar-/--hcd46 mice, and golden ... | 2021 | 33688034 |
| robust sars-cov-2 infection in nasal turbinates after treatment with systemic neutralizing antibodies. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is characterized by a burst in the upper respiratory portal for high transmissibility. to determine human neutralizing antibodies (hunabs) for entry protection, we tested three potent hunabs (ic50 range, 0.0007-0.35 μg/ml) against live sars-cov-2 infection in the golden syrian hamster model. these hunabs inhibit sars-cov-2 infection by competing with human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 for binding to the viral receptor binding domain ... | 2021 | 33657424 |
| regeneration profiles of olfactory epithelium after sars-cov-2 infection in golden syrian hamsters. | olfactory dysfunction is one of the most frequent and specific symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). information on the damage and repair of the neuroepithelium and its impact on olfactory function after covid-19 is still incomplete. while severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) causes the ongoing worldwide outbreak of covid-19, little is known about the changes triggered by sars-cov-2 in the olfactory epithelium (oe) at the cellular level. here, we report profile ... | 2021 | 33522795 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of bbv152, whole virion inactivated sars- cov-2 vaccine candidates in the syrian hamster model. | the availability of a safe and effective vaccine would be the eventual measure to deal with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) threat. here, we have assessed the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated sars-cov-2 vaccine candidates bbv152a, bbv152b, and bbv152c in syrian hamsters. three dose vaccination regimes with vaccine candidates induced significant titers of sars-cov-2-specific igg and neutralizing antibodies. bbv152a and bbv152b vaccine candidates r ... | 2021 | 33521604 |
| absence of vaccine-enhanced disease with unexpected positive protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) by inactivated vaccine given within 3 days of virus challenge in syrian hamster model. | mass vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is ongoing amidst widespread transmission during the coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19) pandemic. disease phenotypes of sars-cov-2 exposure occurring around the time of vaccine administration have not been described. | 2021 | 33515458 |
| sars-cov-2 causes a systemically multiple organs damages and dissemination in hamsters. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) has spread across the world and impacted global healthcare systems. for clinical patients, covid-19 not only induces pulmonary lesions but also affects extrapulmonary organs. an ideal animal model that mimics covid-19 in humans in terms of the induced systematic lesions is urgently needed. here, we report that syrian hamster is highly permissive to sars-cov-2 and exhibit diffuse alveolar damage and induced extrapulmonary multi-organs d ... | 2021 | 33510731 |
| northern pig-tailed macaques ( macaca leonina) infected with sars-cov-2 show rapid viral clearance and persistent immune response. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov-2), has become an unprecedented global health emergency. at present, sars-cov-2-infected nonhuman primates are considered the gold standard animal model for covid-19 research. here, we showed that northern pig-tailed macaques ( macaca leonina, npms) supported sars-cov-2 replication. furthermore, compared with rhesus macaques, npms showed rapid viral clearance in lung tissues, nose swab ... | 2021 | 33998182 |
| intranasal chadox1 ncov-19/azd1222 vaccination reduces viral shedding after sars-cov-2 d614g challenge in preclinical models. | chadox1 ncov-19/azd1222 is an approved adenovirus-based vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) currently being deployed globally. previous studies in rhesus macaques revealed that intramuscular vaccination with chadox1 ncov-19/azd1222 provided protection against pneumonia but did not reduce shedding of sars-cov-2 from the upper respiratory tract. here, we investigated whether intranasally administered chadox1 ncov-19 reduces detection of virus in nasal swabs aft ... | 2021 | 34315826 |
| recovery from acute sars-cov-2 infection and development of anamnestic immune responses in t cell-depleted rhesus macaques. | severe coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has been associated with t cell lymphopenia, but no causal effect of t cell deficiency on disease severity has been established. to investigate the specific role of t cells in recovery from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infections, we studied rhesus macaques that were depleted of either cd4+, cd8+, or both t cell subsets prior to infection. peak virus loads were similar in all groups, but the resolution of virus in the t c ... | 2021 | 34311582 |
| interferon-armed rbd dimer enhances the immunogenicity of rbd for sterilizing immunity against sars-cov-2. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has caused a global crisis, urgently necessitating the development of safe, efficacious, convenient-to-store, and low-cost vaccine options. a major challenge is that the receptor-binding domain (rbd)-only vaccine fails to trigger long-lasting protective immunity if used alone for vaccination. to enhance antigen processing and cross-presentation in draining lymph nodes (dlns), we developed an interferon (ifn)-armed rbd dimerized by an i ... | 2021 | 34267349 |
| a human antibody of potent efficacy against sars-cov-2 in rhesus macaques showed strong blocking activity to b.1.351. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), which causes coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19), interacts with the host cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hace2) via its spike 1 protein during infection. after the virus sequence was published, we identified two potent antibodies against the sars-cov-2 receptor binding domain (rbd) from antibody libraries using a phage-to-yeast (pty) display platform in only 10 days. our lead antibody jmb2002, now in a phase 1 clinical ... | 2021 | 34097570 |
| a synthetic peptide ctl vaccine targeting nucleocapsid confers protection from sars-cov-2 challenge in rhesus macaques. | persistent transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has given rise to a covid-19 pandemic. several vaccines, conceived in 2020, that evoke protective spike antibody responses are being deployed in mass public health vaccination programs. recent data suggests, however, that as sequence variation in the spike genome accumulates, some vaccines may lose efficacy. | 2021 | 34070152 |
| compartmental model suggests importance of innate immune response to covid-19 infection in rhesus macaques. | the pandemic outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has quickly spread worldwide, creating a serious health crisis. the virus is primarily associated with flu-like symptoms but can also lead to severe pathologies and death. we here present an ordinary differential equation model of the intrahost immune response to sars-cov-2 infection, fitted to experimental data gleaned from rhesus macaques. the model is calibrated to data from a nonlethal infection, but the mo ... | 2021 | 34037874 |
| fab-dimerized glycan-reactive antibodies are a structural category of natural antibodies. | natural antibodies (abs) can target host glycans on the surface of pathogens. we studied the evolution of glycan-reactive b cells of rhesus macaques and humans using glycosylated hiv-1 envelope (env) as a model antigen. 2g12 is a broadly neutralizing ab (bnab) that targets a conserved glycan patch on env of geographically diverse hiv-1 strains using a unique heavy-chain (vh) domain-swapped architecture that results in fragment antigen-binding (fab) dimerization. here, we describe hiv-1 env fab-d ... | 2021 | 34019795 |
| identification of t cell epitopes in the spike glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in rhesus macaques. | the t cell response is an important detection index in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) vaccine development. the present study was undertaken to determine the t cell epitopes in the spike (s) protein of sars-cov-2 that dominate the t cell responses in sars-cov-2-infected patients. pbmcs from rhesus macaques vaccinated with a dna vaccine encoding the full-length s protein were isolated, and an elispot assay was used to identify the recognized t cell epitopes among a to ... | 2021 | 33980582 |
| structure and function analysis of a potent human neutralizing antibody ca521fala against sars-cov-2. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing covid-19 pandemic, which has resulted in more than two million deaths at 2021 february . there is currently no approved therapeutics for treating covid-19. the sars-cov-2 spike protein is considered a key therapeutic target by many researchers. here we describe the identification of several monoclonal antibodies that target sars-cov-2 spike protein. one human antibody, ca521fala, demonstrated neutr ... | 2021 | 33893388 |
| intradermal delivery of a synthetic dna vaccine protects macaques from middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | emerging coronaviruses from zoonotic reservoirs, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), have been associated with human-to-human transmission and significant morbidity and mortality. here, we study both intradermal and intramuscular 2-dose delivery regimens of an advanced synthetic dna vaccine candidate encoding a full-length mers-cov spike (s) p ... | 2021 | 33886507 |
| sars-cov-2 protein subunit vaccination of mice and rhesus macaques elicits potent and durable neutralizing antibody responses. | the outbreak and spread of sars-cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2) is a current global health emergency, and effective prophylactic vaccines are needed urgently. the spike glycoprotein of sars-cov-2 mediates entry into host cells, and thus is the target of neutralizing antibodies. here, we show that adjuvanted protein immunization with soluble sars-cov-2 spike trimers, stabilized in prefusion conformation, results in potent antibody responses in mice and rhesus macaques, wit ... | 2021 | 33842900 |
| a single intranasal dose of chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine protects against sars-cov-2 infection in rhesus macaques. | the deployment of a vaccine that limits transmission and disease likely will be required to end the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic. we recently described the protective activity of an intranasally administered chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding a pre-fusion stabilized spike (s) protein (chad-sars-cov-2-s [chimpanzee adenovirus-severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2-s]) in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of mice expressing the human angiotensin-convertin ... | 2021 | 33754147 |
| lack of molecular mimicry between nonhuman primates and infectious pathogens: the possible genetic bases. | recently, it was found that proteomes from poliovirus, measles virus, dengue virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) have high molecular mimicry at the heptapeptide level with the human proteome, while heptapeptide commonality is minimal or absent with proteomes from nonhuman primates, that is, gorilla, chimpanzee, and rhesus macaque. to acquire more data on the issue, analyses here have been expanded to ebola virus, francisella tularensis , human immunode ... | 2021 | 33748822 |
| a modified vaccinia ankara vector-based vaccine protects macaques from sars-cov-2 infection, immune pathology, and dysfunction in the lungs. | a combination of vaccination approaches will likely be necessary to fully control the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic. here, we show that modified vaccinia ankara (mva) vectors expressing membrane-anchored pre-fusion stabilized spike (mva/s) but not secreted s1 induced strong neutralizing antibody responses against sars-cov-2 in mice. in macaques, the mva/s vaccination induced strong neutralizing antibodies and cd8+ t cell responses, and conferred protection ... | 2021 | 33631118 |
| suggestions on cleavage embryo and blastocyst vitrification/transfer based on expression profile of ace2 and tmprss2 in current covid-19 pandemic. | an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is leading to an unprecedented worldwide health crisis. sars-cov-2 cell entry depends on ace2 and tmprss2. our objectives are to analysis the expression profile of ace2 and tmprss2 in human spermatogenic cells, follicle cells, and preimplantation embryos, thereby providing mechanistic insights into viral entry and viral impact on reproduction. we found that ace2 is mainly expressed during gametogenesis in spermatogonia a ... | 2021 | 33624358 |
| the dynamic expression of potential mediators of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 cellular entry in fetal, neonatal, and adult rhesus monkeys. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, induced by the pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has spread rapidly all over the world. there is considerable variability among neonates, children, and adults in the incidence of infection and severe disease following exposure to sars-cov-2. in our study, we analyzed the transcriptome data of primate animal model of rhesus monkeys to evaluate the expression levels of possible sars-cov-2 receptors and proteas ... | 2021 | 33537060 |
| rapid protection from covid-19 in nonhuman primates vaccinated intramuscularly but not intranasally with a single dose of a recombinant vaccine. | the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) continues to exert a significant burden on health care systems worldwide. with limited treatments available, vaccination remains an effective strategy to counter transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). recent discussions concerning vaccination strategies have focused on identifying vaccine platforms, number of doses, route of administration, and time to reach peak immunity against sars-cov-2. here, ... | 2021 | 33501447 |
| a therapeutic neutralizing antibody targeting receptor binding domain of sars-cov-2 spike protein. | vaccines and therapeutics are urgently needed for the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). here, we screen human monoclonal antibodies (mab) targeting the receptor binding domain (rbd) of the viral spike protein via antibody library constructed from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a convalescent patient. the ct-p59 mab potently neutralizes sars-cov-2 isolates including the d614g variant without antibody-dependent enhancement effect. complex cryst ... | 2021 | 33436577 |
| endangered mountain gorillas and covid-19: one health lessons for prevention and preparedness during a global pandemic. | the world's 1063 mountain gorillas (gorilla beringei beringei) live in two subpopulations at the borders of the democratic republic of congo, rwanda, and uganda. the majority of mountain gorillas are human-habituated to facilitate tourism and research, which brings mountain gorillas into close proximity of people daily. wild great apes are proven to be susceptible to human pathogens, including viruses that have caused fatal respiratory disease in mountain gorillas (e.g., human metapneumovirus1 ) ... | 2021 | 34110030 |
| host- and species-dependent quasispecies divergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in non-human primate models. | recently, newly emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) have been continuously reported worldwide. however, the precise evaluation of sars-cov-2 microevolution in host is very limited because the exact genetic information of infected virus could not be acquired in human researches. in this report, we performed deep sequencing for seed virus and sars-cov-2 isolated in eight cynomolgus and rhesus macaques at 3 days postinoculation and evaluated single-nucl ... | 2021 | 34305860 |
| a recombinant spike protein subunit vaccine confers protective immunity against sars-cov-2 infection and transmission in hamsters. | multiple safe and effective vaccines that elicit immune responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) are necessary to respond to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic. here, we developed a protein subunit vaccine composed of spike ectodomain protein (strifk) plus a nitrogen bisphosphonate-modified zinc-aluminum hybrid adjuvant (fh002c). strifk-fh002c generated substantially higher neutralizing antibody titers in mice, hamsters, and cynomolgus ... | 2021 | 34285130 |
| in vitro characterization of fitness and convalescent antibody neutralization of sars-cov-2 cluster 5 variant emerging in mink at danish farms. | in addition to humans, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) can transmit to animals that include hamsters, cats, dogs, mink, ferrets, tigers, lions, cynomolgus macaques, rhesus macaques, and treeshrew. among these, mink are particularly susceptible. indeed, 10 countries in europe and north america reported sars-cov-2 infection among mink on fur farms. in denmark, sars-cov-2 spread rapidly among mink farms and spilled-over back into humans, acquiring mutations/deletions wi ... | 2021 | 34248922 |
| pharmacokinetic profiles of a sars-cov-2 neutralizing antibody bd-604 in cynomolgus monkeys. | currently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has spread worldwide as a severe pandemic and effective therapeutic medications are urgently needed. as reported previously, bd-604 is a fully human monoclonal antibody with strong in vitro and in vivo neutralizing activity to sars-cov-2. | 2021 | 34215019 |
| sars-cov-2 aerosol exhaled by experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys. | we analyzed size of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) aerosol particles shed by experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys. most exhaled particles were small, and virus was mainly released early during infection. by postinfection day 6, no virus was detected in breath, but air in the isolator contained large quantities of aerosolized virus. | 2021 | 34152969 |
| cell-mimicking nanodecoys neutralize sars-cov-2 and mitigate lung injury in a non-human primate model of covid-19. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has grown into a global pandemic, and only a few antiviral treatments have been approved to date. angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) plays a fundamental role in sars-cov-2 pathogenesis because it allows viral entry into host cells. here we show that ace2 nanodecoys derived from human lung spheroid cells (lscs) can bind and neutralize sars-cov-2 and protect the host lung cells from inf ... | 2021 | 34140674 |
| plant-produced receptor-binding domain of sars-cov-2 elicits potent neutralizing responses in mice and non-human primates. | the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has affected global public health and economy. despite the substantial efforts, only few vaccines are currently approved and some are in the different stages of clinical trials. as the disease rapidly spreads, an affordable and effective vaccine is urgently needed. in this study, we investigated the immunogenicity of plant-produced receptor-binding domain (rbd) of sars-cov- ... | 2021 | 34054909 |
| sars-cov-2 in animals: potential for unknown reservoir hosts and public health implications. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2, previously 2019-ncov) is suspected of having originated in 2019 in china from a coronavirus infected bat of the genus rhinolophus. following the initial emergence, possibly facilitated by a mammalian bridge host, sars-cov-2 is currently transmitted across the globe via efficient human-to-human transmission. results obtained from experimental studies indicate that animal species such as cats, ferrets, raccoon dogs, cynomolgus macaques, ... | 2021 | 33892621 |
| the neutralizing antibody, ly-cov555, protects against sars-cov-2 infection in nonhuman primates. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) poses a public health threat for which preventive and therapeutic agents are urgently needed. neutralizing antibodies are a key class of therapeutics that may bridge widespread vaccination campaigns and offer a treatment solution in populations less responsive to vaccination. here, we report that high-throughput microfluidic screening of antigen-specific b cells led to the identification of ly-cov555 (also known as bamlanivimab), a pot ... | 2021 | 33820835 |
| cova1-18 neutralizing antibody protects against sars-cov-2 in three preclinical models. | one year into the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), effective treatments are still needed 1-3 . monoclonal antibodies, given alone or as part of a therapeutic cocktail, have shown promising results in patients, raising the hope that they could play an important role in preventing clinical deterioration in severely ill or in exposed, high risk individuals 4-6 . here, we evaluated the prophylactic and therapeutic ef ... | 2021 | 33619476 |
| two-component spike nanoparticle vaccine protects macaques from sars-cov-2 infection. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic is continuing to disrupt personal lives, global healthcare systems, and economies. hence, there is an urgent need for a vaccine that prevents viral infection, transmission, and disease. here, we present a two-component protein-based nanoparticle vaccine that displays multiple copies of the sars-cov-2 spike protein. immunization studies show that this vaccine induces potent neutralizing antibody responses in mice, rabbits, ... | 2021 | 33577765 |
| a household case evidences shorter shedding of sars-cov-2 in naturally infected cats compared to their human owners. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has been detected in domestic and wild cats. however, little is known about natural viral infections of domestic cats, although their importance for modelling disease spread, informing strategies for managing positive human-animal relationships and disease prevention. here, we describe the sars-cov-2 infection in a household of two human adults and sibling cats (one male and two females) using real-time rt-pcr, an elisa test, viral seq ... | 2021 | 33317424 |
| peridomestic mammal susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. | wild animals have been implicated as the origin of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), but it is largely unknown how the virus affects most wildlife species and if wildlife could ultimately serve as a reservoir for maintaining the virus outside the human population. we show that several common peridomestic species, including deer mice, bushy-tailed woodrats, and striped skunks, are susceptible to infection and can shed the virus in respiratory secretions. in contrast, w ... | 2021 | 34286685 |
| structural and functional characterization of sars-cov-2 rbd domains produced in mammalian cells. | as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic is still ongoing and dramatically influences our life, the need for recombinant viral proteins for diagnostics, vaccine development, and research is very high. the spike (s) protein, and particularly its receptor-binding domain (rbd), mediates the interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) receptor on host cells and may be modulated by its structural features. therefore, well-characterized recombinant r ... | 2021 | 33871970 |
| preclinical development of a molecular clamp-stabilised subunit vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. | efforts to develop and deploy effective vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) continue at pace. here, we describe rational antigen design through to manufacturability and vaccine efficacy of a prefusion-stabilised spike (s) protein, sclamp, in combination with the licensed adjuvant mf59 'mf59c.1' (seqirus, parkville, australia). | 2021 | 33841880 |
| development of a colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip for rapid detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein. | the outbreak and worldwide pandemic of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) have a significant impact on global economy and human health. in order to reduce the disease spread, 16 monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) again sars-cov-2 were generated by immunized mice with the spike protein receptor binding domain (rbd), which was expressed in chinese hamster ovary cell (cho). a colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip was developed with two mcabs to detect sars- ... | 2021 | 33777026 |
| high-level expression of the monomeric sars-cov-2 s protein rbd 320-537 in stably transfected cho cells by the eef1a1-based plasmid vector. | the spike (s) protein is one of the three proteins forming the coronaviruses' viral envelope. the s protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has a spatial structure similar to the s proteins of other mammalian coronaviruses, except for a unique receptor-binding domain (rbd), which is a significant inducer of host immune response. recombinant sars-cov-2 rbd is widely used as a highly specific minimal antigen for serological tests. correct exposure of antigenic d ... | 2021 | 33529230 |
| the second wave of sars-cov-2 circulation-antibody detection in the domestic cat population in germany. | registered cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infections in the german human population increased rapidly during the second wave of the sars-cov-2 pandemic in winter 2020/21. since domestic cats are susceptible to sars-cov-2, the occurrence of trans-species transmission needs to be monitored. a previous serosurvey during the first wave of the pandemic detected antibodies against sars-cov-2 in 0.65% of feline serum samples that were randomly sampled across germa ... | 2021 | 34072254 |
| serologic screening of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in cats and dogs during first coronavirus disease wave, the netherlands. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) can infect many animal species, including minks, cats, and dogs. to gain insights into sars-cov-2 infections in cats and dogs, we developed and validated a set of serologic assays, including elisa and virus neutralization. evaluation of samples from animals before they acquired coronavirus disease and samples from cats roaming sars-cov-2-positive mink farms confirmed the suitability of these assays for specific antibody detection. furt ... | 2021 | 33900184 |
| sars-cov-2 infection and antibody response in a symptomatic cat from italy with intestinal b-cell lymphoma. | since the coronavirus disease (covid-19) pandemic was first identified in early 2020, rare cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) infection in pet cats have been reported worldwide. some reports of cats with sars-cov-2 showed self-limiting respiratory or gastrointestinal disease after suspected human-to-feline transmission via close contact with humans with sars-cov-2. in the present study, we investigated a cat with sars-cov-2 that was presented to a private anima ... | 2021 | 33806922 |
| detection and genome sequencing of sars-cov-2 in a domestic cat with respiratory signs in switzerland. | since the emergence of coronavirus disease (covid-19) in late 2019, domestic cats have been demonstrated to be susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) under natural and experimental conditions. as pet cats often live in very close contact with their owners, it is essential to investigate sars-cov-2 infections in cats in a one-health context. this study reports the first sars-cov-2 infection in a cat in a covid-19-affected household in switzerland. the cat (cat ... | 2021 | 33802899 |
| sars cov-2 spike protein in silico interaction with ace2 receptors from wild and domestic species. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has been declared a pandemic by the world health organization (who), and since its first report, it has become a major public health concern. sars-cov-2 is closely related to sars-cov and sars-related bat coronaviruses, and it has been described to use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) as a receptor. natural sars-cov-2 infection in domestic and wildlife animals, measured by rt-qpcr, has been confirmed in different countries, e ... | 2021 | 33659022 |
| susceptibility and attenuated transmissibility of sars-cov-2 in domestic cats. | domestic cats, an important companion animal, can be infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2). this has aroused concern regarding the ability of domestic cats to spread the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019. we systematically demonstrated the pathogenesis and transmissibility of sars-cov-2 in cats. serial passaging of the virus between cats dramatically attenuated the viral transmissibility, likely owing to variations of the amino acids in the receptor- ... | 2021 | 33605423 |
| protective immunity and persistent lung sequelae in domestic cats after sars-cov-2 infection. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 readily transmits between domestic cats. we found that domestic cats that recover from an initial infection might be protected from reinfection. however, we found long-term persistence of inflammation and other lung lesions after infection, despite a lack of clinical symptoms and limited viral replication in the lungs. | 2021 | 33496650 |
| resveratrol and pterostilbene inhibit sars-cov-2 replication in air-liquid interface cultured human primary bronchial epithelial cells. | the current covid-19 pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and has an enormous impact on human health and economy. in search for therapeutic options, researchers have proposed resveratrol, a food supplement with known antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties as an advantageous antiviral therapy for sars-cov-2 infection. here, we provide evidence that both resveratrol and its metabolically more stable structural analog, pterostilbene, e ... | 2021 | 34372541 |
| treatment with dry hydrogen peroxide accelerates the decay of severe acute syndrome coronavirus-2 on non-porous hard surfaces. | disinfection of contaminated or potentially contaminated surfaces has become an integral part of the mitigation strategies for controlling coronavirus disease 2019. whilst a broad range of disinfectants are effective in inactivating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), application of disinfectants has a low throughput in areas that receive treatments. disinfection of large surface areas often involves the use of reactive microbiocidal materials, including ultraviolet ger ... | 2021 | 34273464 |
| animal models of covid-19 ii. comparative immunology. | developing strong animal models is essential for furthering our understanding of how the immune system functions in response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection. the alarming speed at which sars-cov-2 has spread, and the high mortality rate of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), has required both basic science and clinical research to move at an unprecedented pace. models previously developed to study the immune response against sars-cov have been ra ... | 2021 | 33914873 |
| overcoming culture restriction for sars-cov-2 in human cells facilitates the screening of compounds inhibiting viral replication. | efforts to mitigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic include the screening of existing antiviral molecules that could be repurposed to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infections. although sars-cov-2 replicates and propagates efficiently in african green monkey kidney (vero) cells, antivirals such as nucleos(t)ide analogs (nucs) often show decreased activity in these cells due to inefficient metabolization. sars-cov-2 exhibits low viability in hu ... | 2021 | 33903110 |
| animal models of covid-19. i. comparative virology and disease pathogenesis. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic has fueled unprecedented development of animal models to understand disease pathogenesis, test therapeutics, and support vaccine development. models previously developed to study severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) have been rapidly deployed to study sars-cov-2. however, it has become clear that despite the common use of ace2 as a receptor for both viruses, the host range of the 2 viruses does not entirely overlap. distinct ac ... | 2021 | 33836527 |
| use of convalescent serum reduces severity of covid-19 in nonhuman primates. | passive transfer of convalescent plasma or serum is a time-honored strategy for treating infectious diseases. human convalescent plasma containing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is currently being used to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 where clinical efficacy trials are ongoing. here, we assess therapeutic passive transfer in groups of sars-cov-2-infected african green monkeys with convalescent sera containing either high or low anti ... | 2021 | 33662255 |
| single-cell rna sequencing reveals sars-cov-2 infection dynamics in lungs of african green monkeys. | detailed knowledge about the dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection is important for uncovering the viral and host factors that contribute to coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pathogenesis. old-world nonhuman primates recapitulate mild to moderate cases of covid-19, thereby serving as important pathogenesis models. we compared african green monkeys inoculated with infectious sars-cov-2 or irradiated, inactivated virus to study the dynamics of virus r ... | 2021 | 33431511 |
| dromedary camels as a natural source of neutralizing nanobodies against sars-cov-2. | the development of prophylactic and therapeutic agents for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is a current global health priority. here, we investigated the presence of cross-neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in dromedary camels that were middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) seropositive but mers-cov free. the tested 229 dromedaries had anti-mers-cov camel antibodies with variable cross-reactivity patterns against sar ... | 2021 | 33529170 |
| immunogenic potential of dna vaccine candidate, zycov-d against sars-cov-2 in animal models. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), initially originated in china in year 2019 and spread rapidly across the globe within 5 months, causing over 96 million cases of infection and over 2 million deaths. huge efforts were undertaken to bring the covid-19 vaccines in clinical development, so that it can be made available at the earliest, if found to be efficacious in the trials. we developed a candidate vaccine zycov-d comprising of a dna plasmid vector carrying the gene e ... | 2021 | 34120764 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov-1) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infections in pregnancy - an overview. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov-1) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infections, like most other viruses that affect the respiratory tract can cause severe maternal illness and adverse pregnancy outcomes. they are not only highly transmissible (acquired through droplets), but host reservoirs such as dromedary camels for mers-cov and masked palm civet for sars-cov-1 are critical links in the onset of outbreaks. clinically they present with flu-lik ... | 2021 | 34218204 |
| multimeric nanobodies from camelid engineered mice and llamas potently neutralize sars-cov-2 variants. | since the start of the coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19) pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) has caused more than 2 million deaths worldwide. multiple vaccines have been deployed to date, but the continual evolution of the viral receptor-binding domain (rbd) has recently challenged their efficacy. in particular, sars-cov-2 variants originating in the u.k. (b.1.1.7), south africa (b.1.351) and new york (b.1.526) have reduced neutralization activity from conval ... | 2021 | 33688659 |
| risk factors for covid-19 among healthcare workers. a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. | evidence on the spectrum of risk factors for infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) among front-line healthcare workers (hcws) has not been well-described. while several studies evaluating the risk factors associated with sars-cov-2 infection among patient-facing and non-patient-facing front-line hcws have been reported since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease in 2019 (covid-19), and several more are still underway. there is, therefore, an immediate need ... | 2021 | 33945546 |
| a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol examining the clinical characteristics and epidemiological features of olfactory dysfunction (od) in coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic has caused recurring and major outbreaks in multiple human populations around the world. the plethora of clinical presentations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has been described extensively, of which olfactory dysfunction (od) was established as an important and common extrapulmonary manifestation of covid-19 infection. the aim of this protocol is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on peer-reviewed ar ... | 2021 | 33691796 |
| ace2-variants indicate potential sars-cov-2-susceptibility in animals: a molecular dynamics study. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) continues to be a global threat, causing millions of deaths worldwide. sars-cov-2 is an enveloped virus with spike (s) glycoproteins conferring binding to the host cell's angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2), which is critical for cellular entry. the host range of the virus extends well beyond humans and non-human primates. natural and experimental infections have confirmed the high susceptibility of cats, ferrets, and syrian hamster ... | 2021 | 34378348 |
| survival of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) on foods stored at refrigerated temperature. | outbreaks of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (covid-19) in meat processing plants and media reports of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) detection on foods have raised concerns of a public health risk from contaminated foods. we used herpes simplex virus 1, a non-biosafety level 3 (non-bsl3) enveloped virus, as a surrogate to develop and validate methods before assessing the survival of infectious sars-cov-2 on foods. several food types, including chicken, seafood, ... | 2021 | 34064494 |
| susceptibility to sars-cov-2 of cell lines and substrates commonly used to diagnose and isolate influenza and other viruses. | co-infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and other viruses has been reported. we evaluated cell lines commonly used to isolate viruses and diagnose related diseases for their susceptibility to sars-cov-2. although multiple kidney cell lines from monkeys were susceptible to sars-cov-2, we found many cell types derived from humans, dogs, minks, cats, mice, and chicken were not. we analyzed mdck cells, which are most commonly used for surveillance and study of ... | 2021 | 33900165 |
| chicken igy antibodies provide mucosal barrier against sars-cov-2 virus and other pathogens. | this mini review includes two case descriptions. it introduces the use of chicken egg yolk antibody (igy) solutions in the prevention and cure of viral and bacterial infections. application for the protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), rotavirus, and influenza viruses, as well as for the eradication of pseudomonas aeruginosa, caries, various enteric bacteria and other pathogens, and toxins have been developed. this approach is a fast, reliable, safe, an ... | 2021 | 33899350 |
| emetine suppresses sars-cov-2 replication by inhibiting interaction of viral mrna with eif4e. | emetine is a fda-approved drug for the treatment of amebiasis. previously we demonstrated the antiviral efficacy of emetine against some rna and dna viruses. in this study, we evaluated the in vitro antiviral efficacy of emetine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and found it to be a low nanomolar (nm) inhibitor. interestingly, emetine exhibited protective efficacy against lethal challenge with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv; a chicken coronavirus) in the embr ... | 2021 | 33711336 |
| evaluating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-mediated sars-cov-2 entry across species. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic represents a global threat, and the interaction between the virus and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2), the primary entry receptor for sars-cov-2, is a key determinant of the range of hosts that can be infected by the virus. however, the mechanisms underpinning ace2-mediated viral entry across species remains unclear. using infection assay, we evaluated sars-cov-2 entry mediated by ace2 of 11 different animal species ... | 2021 | 33610551 |
| nucleocapsid vaccine elicits spike-independent sars-cov-2 protective immunity. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is responsible for the covid-19 pandemic. neutralizing abs target the receptor binding domain of the spike (s) protein, a focus of successful vaccine efforts. concerns have arisen that s-specific vaccine immunity may fail to neutralize emerging variants. we show that vaccination with a human adenovirus type 5 vector expressing the sars-cov-2 nucleocapsid (n) protein can establish protective immunity, defined by reduced weight loss and ... | 2021 | 34193597 |