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characterisation of aspergillus nidulans polarisome component bema.bema, the orthologue of saccharomyces cerevisiae bem1p, was identified through genome sequence comparison. we have shown that it plays a similar role to bem1p in yeast, acting as a cell growth protein. deletion of the gene produced a moderately abnormal hyphal tip morphology, and had an extremely detrimental effect on conidiospore production, with development stalling after conidiophore vesicle production. it was also shown that bema is required for vacuole fusion, similar to bem1p. this role is ...200818234530
basic-zipper-type transcription factor flbb controls asexual development in aspergillus nidulans.the fungal colony is a complex multicellular unit consisting of various cell types and functions. asexual spore formation (conidiation) is integrated through sensory and regulatory elements into the general morphogenetic plan, in which the activation of the transcription factor brla is the first determining step. a number of early regulatory elements acting upstream of brla (flug and flba-e) have been identified, but their functional relations remain to be further investigated. in this report we ...200817993569
expression of the fluorescence markers dsred and gfp fused to a nuclear localization signal in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus intraradices.here, arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi were monitored in vivo introducing the fluorescent reporters dsred and gfp (green fluorescent protein) in glomus intraradices using a biolistic approach and agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. both reporter genes were fused to the nuclear localization signal of the aspergillus nidulans transcription factor stua to target fluorescence to nuclei. expression of dsred was driven by two glomus mosseae promoters highly expressed during early symbi ...200817995919
apical sterol-rich membranes are essential for localizing cell end markers that determine growth directionality in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans.in filamentous fungi, hyphal extension depends on the continuous delivery of vesicles to the growing tip. here, we describe the identification of two cell end marker proteins, teaa and tear, in aspergillus nidulans, corresponding to tea1 and mod5 in schizosaccharomyces pombe. deletion of teaa or tear caused zig-zag-growing and meandering hyphae, respectively. the kelch-repeat protein teaa, the putatively prenylated tear protein, and the formin sepa were highly concentrated in the spitzenkörper, ...200818003978
napa and napb are the aspergillus nidulans nap/set family members and napb is a nuclear protein specifically interacting with importin alpha.in eukaryotic cells, importin alpha is the major carrier for transport protein cargoes into the nucleus. we characterize here kapa, the single aspergillus nidulans gene encoding an importin alpha. using an affinity approach, we identify six potential interactors of kapa(50), a deleted version of kapa lacking the autoinhibitory importin-beta-binding domain. one such interactor is napb, the a. nidulans orthologue of saccharomyces cerevisiae vps75p, a histone chaperone member of the nap/set family ...200817890114
characterization and kinetics of the major purine transporters in aspergillus fumigatus.three genes encoding putative purine transporters have been identified in silico in the genome of aspergillus fumigatus by their very close similarity of their translation products to well-studied homologues in a. nidulans. two of these transporters, called afuapc and afazga, were found responsible for bulk uptake of purines and studied in detail herein. genetic knock-out analysis, regulation of transcription, direct purine uptake assays and heterologous expression in a. nidulans have unequivoca ...200817881254
the penicillium chrysogenum antifungal protein paf, a promising tool for the development of new antifungal therapies and fungal cell biology studies.in recent years the interest in antimicrobial proteins and peptides and their mode of action has been rapidly increasing due to their potential to prevent and combat microbial infections in all areas of life. a detailed knowledge about the function of such proteins is the most important requirement to consider them for future application. our research in recent years has been focused on the low molecular weight, cysteine-rich and cationic antifungal protein paf from penicillium chrysogenum, whic ...200817965829
transcriptional regulation of genes on the non-syntenic blocks of aspergillus oryzae and its functional relationship to solid-state cultivation.transcriptome analysis revealed close relationship between solid-state cultivation and the transcriptional regulation of the genes on the non-syntenic blocks (nsbs), which were characterized by the comparison of aspergillus oryzae genome with those of aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus nidulans. average expression ratio of the genes on nsbs in solid-state cultivation was significantly higher than that on the syntenic blocks (sbs). of the induced genes, the genes relating to metabolism, which ...200817967552
isolation of four pepsin-like protease genes from aspergillus niger and analysis of the effect of disruptions on heterologous laccase expression.four new aspartic protease genes pepaa, pepab, pepac and pepad from aspergillus niger were identified using a comparative genomic approach. all four gene products have highly conserved attributes that are characteristic of aspartic proteases; however, each one has novel sequence features. the pepaa protease appears to represent an ortholog of a pepsin-type aspartic protease previously identified from talaromyces emersonii and scleotinia sclerotiorum. the pepab protease appears to be an ortholog ...200817977034
the aspergillus nidulans esdc (early sexual development) gene is necessary for sexual development and is controlled by vea and a heterotrimeric g protein.the esdc (early sexual development) gene was isolated by using an expressed sequence tag (est) as a probe from a genomic library of the early sexual developmental stage mycelia of aspergillus nidulans. the sequence analysis revealed that the esdc gene contains a 59bp intron and encodes a 266 amino acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular weight of 29.4kda. the esdc protein is conserved among filamentous fungi and has a domain with similarity to a glycogen binding domain conserved in the beta ...200817977758
the neurospora crassa uvs-3 epistasis group encodes homologues of the atr/atrip checkpoint control system.the mutagen sensitive uvs-3 and mus-9 mutants of neurospora show mutagen and hydroxyurea sensitivity, mutator effects and duplication instability typical of recombination repair and dna damage checkpoint defective mutants. to determine the nature of these genes we used cosmids from a genomic library to clone the uvs-3 gene by complementation for mms sensitivity. mutation induction by transposon insertion and rip defined the coding sequence. rflp analysis confirmed that this sequence maps in the ...200817983847
the aspergillus nidulans ceta and cala genes are involved in conidial germination and cell wall morphogenesis.the aspergillus nidulans genes ceta (an3079.2) and cala (an7619.2) encode a novel class of fungal thaumatin-like proteins of unknown function. deletion of ceta does not result in an observable phenotype [greenstein, s., shadkchan, y., jadoun, j., sharon, c., markovich, s., osherov, n., 2006. analysis of the aspergillus nidulans thaumatin-like ceta gene and evidence for transcriptional repression of pyr4 expression in the ceta-disrupted strain. fungal genet. biol. 43, 42-53]. we prepared knockout ...200817703972
transient disruption of non-homologous end-joining facilitates targeted genome manipulations in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans.we have developed a transiently disrupted nkua system in aspergillus nidulans for efficient gene targeting. the nkua disruption was made by inserting a counter-selectable marker flanked by a direct repeat (dr) composed of nkua sequences. in the disrupted state, the non-homologous end-joining (nhej) activity is abolished and gene targeting can be performed with success rates identical to those obtained with permanent nkua knock-out strains. when gene targeting is complete, the functional nkua all ...200817703973
evaluation of thermophilic fungal consortium for paddy straw composting.out of 10 thermophilic fungi isolated from wheat straw, farm yard manure, and soil, only three showed highest cellobiase, carboxymethyl cellulase, xylanase, and fpase activities. they were identified as aspergillus nidulans (th(4)), scytalidium thermophilum (th(5)), and humicola sp. (th(10)). a fungal consortium of these three fungi was used to compost a mixture (1:1) of silica rich paddy straw and lignin rich soybean trash. the composting of paddy straw for 3 months, during summer period in nor ...200817874191
a single acyl-coa dehydrogenase is required for catabolism of isoleucine, valine and short-chain fatty acids in aspergillus nidulans.an acyl-coa dehydrogenase has been identified as part of the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway in the ascomycete fungus aspergillus nidulans. disruption of the scda gene prevented use of butyric acid (c(4)) and hexanoic acid (c(6)) as carbon sources and reduced cellular butyryl-coa dehydrogenase activity by 7.5-fold. while the mutant strain exhibited wild-type levels of growth on erucic acid (c(22:1)) and oleic acid (c(18:1)), some reduction in growth was observed with myristic acid (c(14)). ...200817656140
neurospora crassa ve-1 affects asexual conidiation.the velvet factor of the homothallic fungus aspergillus nidulans promotes sexual fruiting body formation. the encoding vea gene is conserved among fungi, including the ascomycete neurospora crassa. there, the orthologous ve-1 gene encodes a deduced protein with high similarity to a. nidulans vea. cross-complementation experiments suggest that both the promoter and the coding sequence of n. crassa ve-1 are functional to complement the phenotype of an a. nidulans deletion mutant. moreover, ve-1 ex ...200817631397
more than a repair enzyme: aspergillus nidulans photolyase-like crya is a regulator of sexual development.cryptochromes are blue-light receptors that have presumably evolved from the dna photolyase protein family, and the genomes of many organisms contain genes for both types of molecules. both protein structures resemble each other, which suggests that light control and light protection share a common ancient origin. in the genome of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans, however, only one cryptochrome/photolyase-encoding gene, termed crya, was identified. deletion of the crya gene triggers s ...200818495868
structural characterisation of pina ww domain and a comparison with other group iv ww domains, pin1 and ess1.the nmr solution structure of the pina ww domain from aspergillus nidulans is presented. the backbone of the pina ww domain is composed of a triple-stranded anti-parallel beta-sheet and an alpha-helix similar to ess1 and pin1 without the alpha-helix linker. large rms deviations in loop i were observed both from the nmr structures and molecular dynamics simulation suggest that the loop i of pina ww domain is flexible and solvent accessible, thus enabling it to bind the ps/pt-p motif. the ww domai ...200818503784
the interaction of induction, repression and starvation in the regulation of extracellular proteases in aspergillus nidulans: evidence for a role for crea in the response to carbon starvation.in aspergillus nidulans, production of extracellular proteases in response to carbon starvation and to a lesser extent nitrogen starvation is controlled by xprg, a putative transcriptional activator. in this study the role of genes involved in carbon catabolite repression and the role of protein as an inducer of extracellular protease gene expression were examined. the addition of exogenous protein to the growth medium did not increase extracellular protease activity whether or not additional ca ...200818512059
a single amino acid substitution in one of the lipases of aspergillus nidulans confers resistance to the antimycotic drug undecanoic acid.a plausible approach to evaluate the inhibitory action of antifungals is through the investigation of the fungal resistance to these drugs. we describe here the molecular cloning and initial characterization of the a. nidulans lipa gene, where mutation (lipa1) conferred resistance to undecanoic acid, the most fungitoxic fatty acid in the c(7:0)-c(18:0) series. the lipa gene codes for a putative lipase with the sequence consensus gvsis and wifggg as the catalytic signature. comparison of the wild ...200818516670
ambient ph signalling in the yeast yarrowia lipolytica involves ylrim23p/palc, which interacts with snf7p/vps32p, but does not require the long c terminus of ylrim9p/pali.a conserved ambient ph signal transduction pathway has been evidenced in both ascomycetous yeasts and filamentous fungi, called the rim or pal pathway, respectively. however, closely related palc orthologues are found only in yarrowia lipolytica and in filamentous fungi, where the rim9p/pali factor has a much longer c-terminal tail than in other yeasts. we show here that, like aspergillus nidulans pali mutants, a ylrim9delta mutant has a less extreme phenotype than other mutants of the pathway, ...200818524921
aspergillus nidulans arfb plays a role in endocytosis and polarized growth.filamentous fungi undergo polarized growth throughout most of their life cycles. the spitzenkörper is an apical organelle composed primarily of vesicles that is unique to filamentous fungi and is likely to act as a vesicle supply center for tip growth. vesicle assembly and trafficking are therefore important for hyphal growth. adp ribosylation factors (arfs), a group of small gtpase proteins, play an important role in nucleating vesicle assembly. little is known about the role of arfs in filamen ...200818539885
production of the polyketide 6-msa in yeast engineered for increased malonyl-coa supply.the heterologous production of fungal polyketides was investigated using 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase (6-msas) as a model polyketide synthase and saccharomyces cerevisiae as a host. in order to improve the production of 6-msa by enhancing the supply of precursors, the promoter of the gene (acc1) encoding acetyl-coa carboxylase, which catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-coa to malonyl-coa, was replaced with a strong, constitutive promoter (tef1p) in a strain harboring two plasmids carrying the ...200818555717
developmental biology. sex and poison in the dark. 200818556538
velb/vea/laea complex coordinates light signal with fungal development and secondary metabolism.differentiation and secondary metabolism are correlated processes in fungi that respond to light. in aspergillus nidulans, light inhibits sexual reproduction as well as secondary metabolism. we identified the heterotrimeric velvet complex velb/vea/laea connecting light-responding developmental regulation and control of secondary metabolism. vea, which is primarily expressed in the dark, physically interacts with velb, which is expressed during sexual development. vea bridges velb to the nuclear ...200818556559
molecular genetic mining of the aspergillus secondary metabolome: discovery of the emericellamide biosynthetic pathway.the recently sequenced genomes of several aspergillus species have revealed that these organisms have the potential to produce a surprisingly large range of natural products, many of which are currently unknown. we have found that a. nidulans produces emericellamide a, an antibiotic compound of mixed origins with polyketide and amino acid building blocks. additionally, we describe the discovery of four previously unidentified, related compounds that we designate emericellamide c-f. using recentl ...200818559263
induction of mitotic crossing-over in diploid strains of aspergillus nidulans using low-dose x-rays.as a contribution towards detecting the genetic effects of low doses of genotoxic physical agents, this paper deals with the consequences of low-dose x-rays in the aspergillus nidulans genome. the irradiation doses studied were those commonly used in dental clinics (1-5 cgy). even very low doses promoted increased mitotic crossing-over frequencies in diploid strains heterozygous for several genetic markers including the ones involved in dna repair and recombination mechanisms. genetic markers of ...200818561380
nadph oxidases nox-1 and nox-2 require the regulatory subunit nor-1 to control cell differentiation and growth in neurospora crassa.we have proposed that reactive oxygen species (ros) play essential roles in cell differentiation. enzymes belonging to the nadph oxidase (nox) family produce superoxide in a regulated manner. we have identified three distinct nox subfamilies in the fungal kingdom and have shown that noxa is required for sexual cell differentiation in aspergillus nidulans. here we show that neurospora crassa nox-1 elimination results in complete female sterility, decreased asexual development, and reduction of hy ...200818567788
a cytosine methyltransferase homologue is essential for sexual development in aspergillus nidulans.the genome defense processes rip (repeat-induced point mutation) in the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa, and mip (methylation induced premeiotically) in the fungus ascobolus immersus depend on proteins with dna methyltransferase (dmt) domains. nevertheless, these proteins, rid and masc1, respectively, have not been demonstrated to have dmt activity. we discovered a close homologue in aspergillus nidulans, a fungus thought to have no methylation and no genome defense system comparable to rip ...200818575630
pichia expression and mutagenesis of 7,8-linoleate diol synthase change the dioxygenase and hydroperoxide isomerase.linoleate diol synthases (lds) are homologous 8(r)-dioxygenases with hydroperoxide isomerase activities, expressed in fungal pathogens of humanitarian importance. we report for the first time expression and site-directed mutagenesis of lds. 7,8-lds of the take-all fungus, expressed in pichia pastoris, oxygenated 18:2n-6 to 8(r)-hydroperoxylinoleic acid, which was unexpectedly isomerized to 5,8(r)-dihydroxylinoleic acid (60% 5s) and to 8(r),13-dihydroxyoctadeca-9(e),11(e)-dienoic acid. the latter ...200818586008
genome mining of cyanide-degrading nitrilases from filamentous fungi.a variety of fungal species are known to degrade cyanide through the action of cyanide hydratases, a specialized subset of nitrilases which hydrolyze cyanide to formamide. in this paper, we report on two previously unknown and uncharacterized cyanide hydratases from neurospora crassa and aspergillus nidulans. recombinant forms of four cyanide hydratases from n. crassa, a. nidulans, gibberella zeae, and gloeocercospora sorghi were prepared after their genes were cloned with n-terminal hexahistidi ...200818587571
[progress in research on apoptosis in filamentous fungi--a review].apoptosis is a conserved mechanism that plays an essential role in eukaryotes. malfunction of apoptosis contributes to many human diseases including cancer and aids. compared with yeast, a monocellular eukaryote, which is the model organism for apoptosis research, investigation on filamentous fungi apoptosis has particular advantages, which remained unrecognized until recent years. filamentous fungi, especially aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus fumigatus, are expected to become new model spec ...200818590245
heterotrimeric g protein mediated regulation of proteinase production in aspergillus nidulans.extracellular proteinase production induced by carbon starvation was studied in a series of heterotrimeric g protein signaling pathway mutants of aspergillus nidulans. all the mutants tested--including deltafada (galpha), deltasfad (gbeta), deltagpga (ggamma) and deltasfga (regulator of fada signaling)--showed an elevated proteinase production after glucose depletion. our results strongly support the view that during growth, fada/sfad/gpga g protein signaling inhibits proteinase production via b ...200818595316
lactose and d-galactose catabolism in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans.the disaccharide lactose is a byproduct of cheese production accumulating to amounts of 800,000 tons per year worldwide, of which 15% is used as a carbon source for various microbial fermentations. nevertheless, little is known about the regulation of its metabolism in filamentous fungi. lactose is metabolized slowly, and some important fungi such as a. niger cannot use it at all. a more detailed knowledge on the rate-limiting steps would be helpful to improve its industrial application. we have ...200818595317
two gdp-mannose transporters contribute to hyphal form and cell wall integrity in aspergillus nidulans.in order to identify novel genes affecting cell wall integrity, we have generated mutant strains of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans that show hypersensitivity to the chitin-binding agent calcofluor white (cfw). affected loci are designated cal loci. the phenotype of one of these alleles, cali11, also includes shortened hyphal compartments and increased density of branching in the absence of cfw, as well as reduced staining of cell walls by the lectin fitc-concanavalin a (cona), which ...200818599832
structural analysis of the recognition of the negative regulator nmra and dna by the zinc finger from the gata-type transcription factor area.amongst the most common protein motifs in eukaryotes are zinc fingers (zfs), which, although largely known as dna binding modules, also can have additional important regulatory roles in forming protein:protein interactions. area is a transcriptional activator central to nitrogen metabolism in aspergillus nidulans. area contains a gata-type zf that has a competing dual recognition function, binding either dna or the negative regulator nmra. we report the crystal structures of three area zf-nmra c ...200818602114
aspergillus fumigatus rasa regulates asexual development and cell wall integrity.the ras family of proteins is a large group of monomeric gtpases. members of the fungal ras family act as molecular switches that transduce signals from the outside of the cell to signaling cascades inside the cell. a. fumigatus rasa is 94% identical to the essential rasa gene of aspergillus nidulans and is the ras family member sharing the highest identity to ras homologs studied in many other fungi. in this study, we report that rasa is not essential in a. fumigatus, but its absence is associa ...200818606827
ras gtpase-activating protein regulation of actin cytoskeleton and hyphal polarity in aspergillus nidulans.aspergillus nidulans gapa1, a mutation leading to compact, fluffy colonies and delayed polarity establishment, maps to a gene encoding a ras gtpase-activating protein. domain organization and phylogenetic analyses strongly indicate that gapa regulates one or more "true" ras proteins. a gapadelta strain is viable. gapa colonies are more compact than gapa1 colonies and show reduced conidiation. gapadelta strains have abnormal conidiophores, characterized by the absence of one of the two layers of ...200818039943
a new protein carrying an nmra-like domain is required for cell differentiation and development in dictyostelium discoideum.we have isolated a dictyostelium mutant unable to induce expression of the prestalk-specific marker ecmb in monolayer assays. the disrupted gene, pada, leads to a range of phenotypic defects in growth and development. we show that pada is essential for growth, and we have generated a thermosensitive mutant allele, pada(-). at the permissive temperature, mutant cells grow poorly; they remain longer at the slug stage during development and are defective in terminal differentiation. at the restrict ...200818638468
requirement of laea for secondary metabolism and sclerotial production in aspergillus flavus.the nuclear regulator laea has been shown to govern production of multiple secondary metabolites in aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus fumigatus. herein we examine the role of this protein in aspergillus flavus. similarly as in other aspergilli, laea had a major effect on a. flavus secondary metabolism where deltalaea and over-expression laea (oe::laea) strains yielded opposite phenotypes resulting in decreased (increased) secondary metabolite production. the two mutant strains also exhibited ...200818667168
[evolution of meiosis of unicellulate and multicellular eucaryotes. aromorphosis at the cellular level].an attempt was undertaken to apply the concept elaborated for the evolution of multicellular organisms to that of unicellular eucaryotes. the latter's meiosis was formed on the basis of combination on three intracellular processes: 1) homologous dna recombination, 2) chromosome disjunction with the assistance of mitotic apparatus, and 3) formation of "linear" chromosome elements consisting of specific proteins. mechanism of homologous chromosome recombination was inherited from the archibacteria ...200818669302
norsolorinic acid inhibits proliferation of t24 human bladder cancer cells by arresting the cell cycle at the g0/g1 phase and inducing a fas/membrane-bound fas ligand-mediated apoptotic pathway.1. norsolorinic acid, isolated from aspergillus nidulans, has been shown to have antiproliferative activity in t24 human bladder cancer cells by arresting the cell cycle at the g(0)/g(1) phase and inducing apoptosis. the aim of the present study was to investigate the antiproliferative activity of norsolorinic acid in t24 human bladder cancer cells. 2. the effects of norsolorinic acid (1, 5, 10 and 20 micromol/l) on the proliferation of t24 cells and on the distribution of cells within different ...200818671724
dissecting individual steps of nitrogen transcription factor cooperation in the aspergillus nidulans nitrate cluster.summary: in the ascomycete fungus aspergillus nidulans, the transcriptional activation of nitrate assimilating genes (niia, niad) depends on the cooperativity between a general nitrogen status-sensing regulator (the gata factor area) and a pathway-specific activator (the zn-cluster regulator nira). because nitrate assimilation leads to intracellular ammonium formation, it is difficult to determine the individual contributions of nira and area in this complex activation/inactivation process. in a ...200818673441
dissecting colony development of neurospora crassa using mrna profiling and comparative genomics approaches.colony development, which includes hyphal extension, branching, anastomosis, and asexual sporulation, is a fundamental aspect of the life cycle of filamentous fungi; genetic mechanisms underlying these phenomena are poorly understood. we conducted transcriptional profiling during colony development of the model filamentous fungus neurospora crassa, using 70-mer oligonucleotide microarrays. relative mrna expression levels were determined for six sections of defined age excised from a 27-h-old n. ...200818676954
the aspergillus nidulans stress response transcription factor stza is ascomycete-specific and shows species-specific polymorphisms in the c-terminal region.orthologues of the aspergillus nidulans gene stza were identified and characterised in an additional 19 fungi. these orthologues were restricted to, and found within all the pezizomycotina subphyla of the ascomycota, for which data are available, but not the saccharomycotina or taphrinomycotina subphyla. intron analysis indicated that both intron loss and gain have occurred in this gene. the orthologous proteins demonstrate considerable size variation (between 663 and 897 amino acids); with almo ...200818678248
farnesol induces the transcriptional accumulation of the aspergillus nidulans apoptosis-inducing factor (aif)-like mitochondrial oxidoreductase.farnesol (foh) is a non-sterol isoprenoid produced by dephosphorylation of farnesyl pyrophosphate, a catabolite of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. these isoprenoids inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis. it has been shown previously that foh triggers morphological features characteristic of apoptosis in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. here, we investigate which pathways are influenced through foh by examining the transcriptional profile of a. nidulans exposed to this isop ...200818681941
regulation of apical dominance in aspergillus nidulans hyphae by reactive oxygen species.in fungal hyphae, apical dominance refers to the suppression of secondary polarity axes in the general vicinity of a growing hyphal tip. the mechanisms underlying apical dominance remain largely undefined, although calcium signaling may play a role. here, we describe the localized accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros) in the apical region of aspergillus nidulans hyphae. our analysis of atma (atm) and prpa (parp) mutants reveals a correlation between localized production of ros and enforc ...200818689883
identification of genes differentially expressed in a strain of the mold aspergillus nidulans carrying a loss-of-function mutation in the pala gene.to identify genes differentially expressed in a strain of the mold aspergillus nidulans carrying a loss-of-function mutation in pala, a gene in the ph-responsive signal transduction pathway, suppression subtractive hybridization was performed between rna isolated from the bia1 and bia1 pala1 strains grown under limiting inorganic phosphate at ph 5.0. we have identified several genes upregulated in the bia1 pala1 mutant strain that play important roles in mitotic fidelity, stress responses, enzym ...200818923548
characterization of the aspergillus niger prtt, a unique regulator of extracellular protease encoding genes.expression of several aspergillus niger genes encoding major secreted, but not vacuolar, protease genes including the major acid protease gene pepa, was shown to be affected in the previously isolated a. niger protease mutant, ab1.13 [mattern, i.e., van noort, j.m., van den berg, p., archer, d.a., roberts, i.n., hondel, c.a.m.j.j., 1992. isolation and characterization of mutants of aspergillus niger deficient in extracellular proteases. molecular & general genetics 2, 332-336]. complementation c ...200818930158
copy number suppressors of the aspergillus nidulans nima1 mitotic kinase display distinctive and highly dynamic cell cycle-regulated locations.the aspergillus nidulans nima kinase is essential for mitosis and is the founding member of the conserved nima-related kinase (nek) family of protein kinases. to gain insight into nima function, a copy number suppression screen has been completed that defines three proteins termed mcna, mcnb, and mcnc (multi-copy-number suppressor of nima1 a, b, and c). all display a distinctive and dynamic cell cycle-specific distribution. mcnc has weak similarity to saccharomyces cerevisiae def1 within a share ...200818931041
the fungal phytochrome fpha from aspergillus nidulans.the red light-sensing photoreceptor fpha from aspergillus nidulans is involved in the regulation of developmental processes in response to light. here we present extended biochemical and spectroscopic characterization of recombinant fpha using a synthetic gene with host-adapted codon usage. the recombinant photosensory domain fphan753 was shown to display all features of a bona fide phytochrome. it covalently binds biliverdin as chromophore and undergoes red/far-red light-inducible photoconversi ...200818931394
aspergillus nidulans udp-galactopyranose mutase, encoded by ugma plays key roles in colony growth, hyphal morphogenesis, and conidiation.growing resistance to current anti-fungal drugs is spurring investigation of new targets, including those in fungal wall metabolism. galactofuranose (galf) is found in the cell walls of many fungi including aspergillus fumigatus, which is currently the most prevalent opportunistic fungal pathogen in developed countries, and a. nidulans, a closely-related, tractable model system. udp-galactopyranose mutase (ugm) converts udp-galactopyranose into udp-galf prior to incorporation into the fungal wal ...200818935967
invasive aspergillus nidulans infection in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. 200818783555
genomics of industrial aspergilli and comparison with toxigenic relatives.aspergillus oryzae has been used in japanese fermentation industries for more than a thousand years. the species produces large amounts of various hydrolytic enzymes and has been successfully applied to modern biotechnology. the size of the a. oryzae genome (37.5 mb) is very close to that of a. flavus and a. niger, and 20-30% larger than that of either a. nidulans or a. fumigatus. a. oryzae and a. flavus have exactly the same number of aspartic proteinase genes, of which each orthologous pair sh ...200818798040
characterization and heterologous expression of an age-dependent fungal/bacterial type chitinase of aspergillus nidulans.under carbon starvation, aspergillus nidulans produced a fungal/bacterial type chitinase, chib. the chib gene was cloned and subcloned into pjc40 expression vector containing a 10xhis fusion tag, and the chib protein was expressed heterologously in escherichia coli. recombinant and native chib enzymes shared the same optimal ph ranges and showed similar substrate specificities with endo-acting cleavage patterns.200818800599
fe(ii)/alpha-ketoglutarate hydroxylases involved in nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide, and chromatin metabolism.fe(ii)/alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases uniformly possess a double-stranded beta-helix fold with two conserved histidines and one carboxylate coordinating their mononuclear ferrous ions. oxidative decomposition of the alpha-keto acid is proposed to generate a ferryl-oxo intermediate capable of hydroxylating unactivated carbon atoms in a myriad of substrates. this perspective focuses on a subgroup of these enzymes that are involved in pyrimidine salvage, purine decomposition, nucleoside ...200818813363
in vitro evaluation of penicillium digitatum sacc strains sensitivity to various fungicides from jordan.this investigation is the first report in jordan, aimed for in vitro evaluation of six fungicides and their combinations, to control the post harvest green mold (penicillium digitatum) of citrus fruits. thirty one different concentrations (0.01-3000 microg ml(-1)) of each fungicide, in addition to 6 combined concentrations from each of 7 fungicide mixtures, were tested using agar well diffusion method against four fungal strains. regression analysis, one way anova and post hoc multiple compariso ...200818819638
role of the lolp cytochrome p450 monooxygenase in loline alkaloid biosynthesis.the insecticidal loline alkaloids, produced by neotyphodium uncinatum and related endophytes, are exo-1-aminopyrrolizidines with an ether bridge between c-2 and c-7. loline alkaloids vary in methyl, acetyl, and formyl substituents on the 1-amine, which affect their biological activity. enzymes for key loline biosynthesis steps are probably encoded by genes in the lol cluster, which is duplicated in n. uncinatum, except for a large deletion in lolp2. the role of lolp1 was investigated by its repl ...200818655839
uvsf rfc1, the large subunit of replication factor c in aspergillus nidulans, is essential for dna replication, functions in uv repair and is upregulated in response to mms-induced dna damage.uvsf201 was the first highly uv-sensitive repair-defective mutation isolated in aspergillus nidulans. it showed epistasis only with postreplication repair mutations, but caused lethal interactions with many other repair-defective strains. unexpectedly, closest homology of uvsf was found to the large subunit of human dna replication factor rfc that is essential for dna replication. sequencing of the uvsf201 region identified changes at two close base pairs and the corresponding amino acids in the ...200818655840
functional analysis of the endoxylanase b (xynb) promoter from penicillium purpurogenum.in penicillium purpurogenum, the gene encoding endoxylanase b (xynb) is highly expressed by xylan and repressed by glucose at the transcriptional level. the promoter of this gene has a modular structure, with eight putative xlnr binding sites in tandem (xlnr module), and upstream from them, four putative crea binding sites (crea module). promoter fragments containing different modules were inserted into a plasmid, pan49-1, which contains a basal fungal promoter linked to a reporter gene (lacz) a ...200818661134
the design of oligonucleotide primers for the universal amplification of the n-acetylglucosaminidase gene (nag1) in chytridiomycetes with emphasis on the anaerobic neocallimastigales.the common feature of all chytridiomycetous fungi, aerobic as well as anaerobic, is an abundance of chitin in their cell wall. the genes coding for chitinases have therefore been widely used as phylogenetic markers in ascomycetes. as their utility for chytridiomycetes has not been determined we chose the gene encoding an enzyme involved in chitin degradation and energy metabolism, the beta-(1,4)-n-acetylglucosaminidase (nag1). primer pair nag-forward and nag-reverse was used to create pcr produc ...200818661293
comparison between polyethylene glycol- and polyethylenimine-mediated transformation of aspergillus nidulans.genetic transformation of many filamentous fungi is carried out by a protocol that utilizes polyethylene glycol (peg) and calcium ion (ca2+). this method has remained practically unchanged for more than 20 years, but the roles these molecules play are not definitively understood. to gain a better understanding, we have compared peg transformation to a protocol using polyethylenimine (pei) that is the basis for non-viral transfection in mammals and which has a well established molecular model for ...200818649081
expression of a synthetic artemesia annua amorphadiene synthase in aspergillus nidulans yields altered product distribution.a gene encoding a plant terpene cyclase, artemisia annua amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ads), was expressed in aspergillus nidulans under control of a strong constitutive promoter, (p)gpda. the transformants produced only small amounts of amorphadiene, but much larger amounts of similar sesquiterpenes normally produced as minor by-products in planta. in contrast, expression of ads in escherichia coli produced almost exclusively amorpha-4,11-diene. these results indicate that the host environment c ...200818651187
purification, characterization and crystallization of an extracellular alkaline protease from aspergillus nidulans ha-10.aspergillus nidulans is a highly potent fungus used in the production of alkaline protease. extracellular alkaline protease was purified from a. nidulans in a two-step procedure involving ammonium sulphate precipitation and sephadex g-100 column chromatography. the molecular mass of the enzyme was determined to be 42 kda by sds-page. the enzyme activity was also analyzed by zymogram with gelatin. the enzyme was more stable over a wide range of ph (6-10) and the temperatures up to 50 degrees c. i ...200818702069
ctf1, a transcriptional activator of cutinase and lipase genes in fusarium oxysporum is dispensable for virulence.cutinolytic enzymes are secreted by fungal pathogens attacking the aerial parts of the plant, to facilitate penetration of the outermost cuticular barrier of the host. the role of cutinases in soil-borne root pathogens has not been studied thus far. here we report the characterization of the zinc finger transcription factor ctf1 from the vascular wilt fungus fusarium oxysporum, a functional orthologue of ctf1alpha that controls expression of cutinase genes and virulence in the pea stem pathogen ...200818705871
evolutionary history of the ancient cutinase family in five filamentous ascomycetes reveals differential gene duplications and losses and in magnaporthe grisea shows evidence of sub- and neo-functionalization.* the cuticle is the first barrier for fungi that parasitize plants systematically or opportunistically. here, the evolutionary history is reported of the multimembered cutinase families of the plant pathogenic ascomycetes magnaporthe grisea, fusarium graminearum and botrytis cinerea and the saprotrophic ascomycetes aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa. * molecular taxonomy of all fungal cutinases demonstrates a clear division into two ancient subfamilies. no evidence was found for lateral ...200818713314
specific interdomain synergy in the uapa transporter determines its unique specificity for uric acid among nat carriers.uapa, a uric acid-xanthine permease of aspergillus nidulans, has been used as a prototype to study structure-function relationships in the ubiquitous nucleobase-ascorbate transporter (nat) family. using novel genetic screens, rational mutational design, chimeric nat molecules, and extensive transport kinetic analyses, we show that dynamic synergy between three distinct domains, transmembrane segment (tms)1, the tms8-9 loop, and tms12, defines the function and specificity of uapa. the tms8-9 loop ...200818718842
elusive origins of the extra genes in aspergillus oryzae.the genome sequence of aspergillus oryzae revealed unexpectedly that this species has approximately 20% more genes than its congeneric species a. nidulans and a. fumigatus. where did these extra genes come from? here, we evaluate several possible causes of the elevated gene number. many gene families are expanded in a. oryzae relative to a. nidulans and a. fumigatus, but we find no evidence of ancient whole-genome duplication or other segmental duplications, either in a. oryzae or in the common ...200818725939
inducible rna interference of brlabeta in aspergillus nidulans.an inducible rna interference (rnai) construct composed of inverted repeating alca promoters flanking the developmental regulatory gene brlabeta was tested in aspergillus nidulans. on inducing medium, the rnai strains failed to sporulate and lacked brlaalpha and brlabeta expression. rnai was specific for brlabeta, but not brlaalpha, silencing, indicating brlaalpha regulation by brlabeta.200818757565
the asexual pathogen aspergillus fumigatus expresses functional determinants of aspergillus nidulans sexual development.the major fungal pathogen of humans, aspergillus fumigatus, lacks a defined sexual cycle, although the presence of genes encoding putative mating type idiomorphs and regulators of aspergillus sexual development heightens the potential for cryptic sexuality in this deuteromycete. to test the functionality of these genetic determinants, we transferred the alpha box-encoding mat1-1 idiomorph from an a. fumigatus isolate to the homothallic fertile species aspergillus nidulans. abundant formation of ...200818757566
gdp-mannose pyrophosphorylase is essential for cell wall integrity, morphogenesis and viability of aspergillus fumigatus.gdp-mannose pyrophosphorylase (gmpp) catalyses the synthesis of gdp-mannose, which is the precursor for the mannose residues in glycoconjugates, using mannose 1-phosphate and gtp as substrates. repression of gmpp in yeast leads to phenotypes including cell lysis, defective cell wall, and failure of polarized growth and cell separation. although several gmpps have been isolated and characterized in filamentous fungi, the physiological consequences of their actions are not clear. in this study, af ...200818757806
an evolutionary conserved d-galacturonic acid metabolic pathway operates across filamentous fungi capable of pectin degradation.transcriptome analysis of aspergillus niger transfer cultures grown on galacturonic acid media identified a highly correlating cluster of four strongly induced hypothetical genes linked with a subset set of genes encoding pectin degrading enzymes. three of the encoded hypothetical proteins now designated gaaa to gaac are directly involved in further galacturonic acid catabolism. functional and biochemical analysis revealed that gaaa is a novel d-galacturonic acid reductase. two non-allelic asper ...200818768163
identification of the novel penicillin biosynthesis gene aatb of aspergillus nidulans and its putative evolutionary relationship to this fungal secondary metabolism gene cluster.the final step of penicillin biosynthesis in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans is catalysed by isopenicillin n acyltransferase encoded by the aata gene. because there is no bacterial homologue, its evolutionary origin remained obscure. as shown here,disruption of aata still enabled penicillin production. genome mining led to the discovery of the aatb gene(an6775.3) which has a similar structure and expression pattern as aata. disruption of aatb resulted in a reduced penicillin titre. s ...200818942174
depletion of the mobb and cota complex in aspergillus nidulans causes defects in polarity maintenance that can be suppressed by the environment stress.polarized growth is a central feature in eukaryotes. establishment and maintenance of cell polarity are coordinated by signaling pathways. in this study, we have identified mobb is required for the regulation of cell polarity in aspergillus nidulans. depletion of mobb by alca (p) promoter repression or deletion of mobb abolished conidiation completely, and induced severe growth defects. mobb mutants showed abnormal nuclear segregation with increased number of nuclei in spores, but the formation ...200818832040
characterization of bzip-type transcription factor atfa with reference to stress responses of conidia of aspergillus nidulans.microorganisms growing in natural habitats are permanently confronted with a wide variety of external stresses. in fungi, including aspergillus nidulans, one of the general and ultimate strategies to survive in harsh habitats is the development of stress-tolerant conidia. in this study, we found that one of the basic-region leucine zipper transcription factors, named atfa, plays a crucial role in the acquisition of tolerance against oxidative and heat stress on conidia, but not on mycelia, altho ...200818838792
regulation of autolysis in aspergillus nidulans.in terms of cell physiology, autolysis is the centerpiece of carbon-starving fungal cultures. in the filamentous fungus model organism aspergillus nidulans, the last step of carbon-starvation-triggered autolysis was the degradation of the cell wall of empty hyphae, and this process was independent of concomitantly progressing cell death at the level of regulation. autolysis-related proteinase and chitinase activities were induced via flug signaling, which initiates sporulation and inhibits veget ...200818975147
identification and characterization of the asperthecin gene cluster of aspergillus nidulans.the sequencing of aspergillus genomes has revealed that the products of a large number of secondary metabolism pathways have not yet been identified. this is probably because many secondary metabolite gene clusters are not expressed under normal laboratory culture conditions. it is, therefore, important to discover conditions or regulatory factors that can induce the expression of these genes. we report that the deletion of sumo, the gene that encodes the small ubiquitin-like protein sumo in a. ...200818978088
functional analysis of c2h2 zinc finger transcription factor crza involved in calcium signaling in aspergillus nidulans.calcium signaling systems are widely employed in eukaryotes and are implicated in the regulation of diverse biological processes. calcineurin is an important signaling component, which mediates ion homeostasis and virulence in several fungi. based on intensive studies conducted on budding yeast, transcription factor crz1p is thought to be a target of calcineurin. to provide insight into calcium signaling, a crz1p homolog (crza) in a filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans was identified and its ...200819002465
restoration of electron transport without proton pumping in mammalian mitochondria.we have restored the coq oxidative capacity of mouse mtdna-less cells (rho degrees cells) by transforming them with the alternative oxidase aox of emericella nidulans. cotransforming rho degrees cells with the nadh dehydrogenase of saccharomyces cerevisiae, ndi1 and aox recovered the nadh dh/coq reductase and the coq oxidase activities. coq oxidation by aox reduces the dependence of rho degrees cells on pyruvate and uridine. coexpression of aox and ndi1 further improves the recycling of nad(+). ...200819020091
roles of the aspergillus nidulans homologues of tup1 and ssn6 in chromatin structure and cell viability.for three different carbon catabolite repressible promoters, alca, alcr and the bidirectional promoter prnd-prnb, a deletion of rcoa, the aspergillus nidulans homologue of tup1, does not result in carbon catabolite derepression. surprisingly, it results in disruption of the chromatin default structure of alcr and prnd-prnb promoters. in these promoters, and at variance with the wild type, repression occurs in the absence of nucleosome positioning. for alcr, repression occurs together with a nucl ...200819054105
construction of a citrinin gene cluster expression system in heterologous aspergillus oryzae.filamentous fungi are considered an attractive resource for the discovery and production of bioactive compounds. to facilitate molecular breeding, biosynthetic genes must be rapidly identified. but, even after the chemical structure of a compound is identified, finding the corresponding biosynthetic genes in the fungal genome still remains a challenge. in an attempt to overcome this difficulty and to easily characterize each gene in a cluster, we constructed a heterologous expression system usin ...200819111642
the pot and plob vector systems: improving ease of transgene expression in botrytis cinerea.this paper outlines the construction of a novel vector system comprising interchangeable terminators, as well as a multiple cloning site (mcs), to facilitate the transformation of the fungal plant pathogen botrytis cinerea. previous molecular studies on b. cinerea have relied upon the plob1 based vector system (controlled by the aspergillus nidulans olic promoter and a region reported to be the b. cinerea tuba terminator). investigations, however, have revealed that, rather than the genuine b. c ...200819164879
comparative in vitro activities of posaconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin b against aspergillus and rhizopus, and synergy testing for rhizopus.we compared the in vitro activities of posaconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin b against clinical isolates of aspergillus spp. and rhizopus spp., and explored the in vitro interaction between posaconazole and amphotericin b against rhizopus spp. clinical strains of 82 aspergillus spp. (43 aspergillus fumigatus, 29 a. flavus, 7 a. niger, 2 a. terreus, 1 a. nidulans) and 11 rhizopus oryzae isolates were tested in accordance with clsi m38-a microdilution guidelines. in vitro acti ...200819180726
comparative evolutionary histories of the fungal chitinase gene family reveal non-random size expansions and contractions due to adaptive natural selection.gene duplication and loss play an important role in the evolution of novel functions and for shaping an organism's gene content. recently, it was suggested that stress-related genes frequently are exposed to duplications and losses, while growth-related genes show selection against change in copy number. the fungal chitinase gene family constitutes an interesting case study of gene duplication and loss, as their biological roles include growth and development as well as more stress-responsive fu ...200819204807
systems analysis unfolds the relationship between the phosphoketolase pathway and growth in aspergillus nidulans.aspergillus nidulans is an important model organism for studies on fundamental eukaryotic cell biology and on industrial processes due to its close relation to a. niger and a. oryzae. here we identified the gene coding for a novel metabolic pathway in a. nidulans, namely the phosphoketolase pathway, and investigated the role of an increased phosphoketolase activity.200819052639
arfb links protein lipidation and endocytosis to polarized growth of aspergillus nidulans.aspergillus nidulans undergoes polarized hyphal growth during the majority of its life cycle. regulatory mechanisms for hyphal polarity have been intensively investigated in a variety of filamentous fungi. two important cellular processes, which have received recent attention, include protein myristoylation and endocytosis. it is clear that protein myristoylation is essential for polarity establishment because germinating a. nidulans conidia lost polarity in the presence of cerulenin, a lipid me ...200819704790
the fate of gene duplicates in the genomes of fungal pathogens.understanding how molecular changes underlie phenotypic variation within and between species is one of the main goals of evolutionary biology and comparative genetics. the recent proliferation of sequenced fungal genomes offers a unique opportunity to start elucidating the extreme phenotypic diversity in the kingdom fungi.1-4 we attempted to investigate the contribution of gene families to the evolutionary forces shaping the diversity of pathogenic lifestyles among the fungi.5 we studied a famil ...200819513258
[in vitro activity of anidulafungin. comparison with the activity of other echinocandins].anidulafungin is a new echinocandin that acts by inhibiting (1,3)-beta-d-glucan synthesis in the fungal cell wall. this agent is a semisynthetic lipopeptide synthesized from a fermentation product of aspergillus nidulans. the spectrum of activity of anidulafungin includes candida and aspergillus, the two main etiological agents causing invasive fungal infections. this drug is also active against strains of these genera resistant to azoles or amphotericin b. however, anidulafungin is not active a ...200819572429
ecological and physiological studies on soil fungi at western region, libya.sixty three species and 5 varieties belonging to 30 fungal genera were collected from 75 soil samples. cultivated (29 genera and 58 species + 5 var.), desert (22 and 35 + 2 var.) and saline soil (21 and 41 + 1 var.) fungi were recovered on glucose-, cellulose- and 50% sucrose-czapek's agar at 28℃. the most common genera were alternaria, aspergillus, emericella, fusarium, mycosphaerella, nectria and penicillium. the most prevalent species from the three types of soils on the three types of media ...200823997599
effect of some food preservatives on the lipolytic activity of beef luncheon fungi.beef luncheon meat is one of the most popular meals in several countries in the world including egypt. thirty one fungal species and 3 species varieties were recovered from 30 samples of beef luncheon meat collected from different supermarkets in qena. alternaria, aspergillus, emericella, mucor, mycosphaerella, penicillium and rhizopus were the most common genera on the two types of media. from the above genera, the most prevalent species were alternaria alternate, aspergillus flavus, a. fumigat ...200823997619
mononucleotide repeats represent an important source of polymorphic microsatellite markers in aspergillus nidulans.in fungi, microsatellites occur less frequently throughout the genome and tend to be less polymorphic compared with other organisms. most studies that develop microsatellites for fungi focus on dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeats, and thus mononucleotide repeats, which are much more abundant in fungal genomes, may represent an overlooked resource. this study examined the relative probabilities of polymorphism in mononucleotide, dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeats in aspergillus nidulans. a ...200921564695
[recent advances in the study of amorpha-4,11-diene synthase and its metabolic engineering].amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ads) can convert farnesyl pyrophosphate (fpp) to amorpha-4, 11-diene, a precursor of artemisinin. ads plays an important role in the biosynthesis of artemisinin. this review summarizes the molecular biology and metabolic engineering study of ads in recent years. the genomic dna and its cdna sequences of amorpha-4, 11-diene synthase were cloned from artemisia annua l. the cdna encoding amorpha-4, 11-diene synthase contains a 1 641 bp open reading frame coding for 546 ...200921351463
induction of cell wall thickening by the antifungal compound dihydromaltophilin disrupts fungal growth and is mediated by sphingolipid biosynthesis.dihydromaltophilin (heat-stable antifungal factor [hsaf]) is an antifungal metabolite produced in lysobacter enzymogenes biocontrol strain c3. this compound induces cell wall thickening in aspergillus nidulans. here we show that the cell wall thickening is a general response to hsaf in diverse fungal species. in the a. nidulans model, the thickened cell wall negatively affects hyphal growth. growth of hsaf-pre-treated hyphae failed to resume at hyphal tips with thick cell wall and the actin cabl ...200921462551
mechanism of sterigmatocystin biosynthesis regulation by ph in aspergillus nidulans.external ph constitutes one of the most important environmental factors that control growth, metabolism and differentiation in microorganisms, including fungi. we have analyzed the effect of external ph on sterigmatocystin biosynthesis in aspergillus nidulans. it was observed in repeated experiments that alkaline ph, in opposition to acid ph, increased sterigmatocystin production and the transcript levels of aflr, the master gene that regulates expression of the sterigmatocystin cluster in a. ni ...200924031444
molecular genetics of emericella nidulans sexual development.many aspergilli that belongs to ascomycetes have sexuality. in a homothallic or self-fertile fungus, a number of fruiting bodies or cleistothecia are formed in a thallus grown from a single haploid conidia or ascospores. genome-sequencing project revealed that two mating genes (mat) encoding the regulatory proteins that are necessary for controlling partner recognition in heterothallic fungi were conserved in most aspergilli. the mat gene products in some self-fertile species were not required f ...200923983529
elimination of marker genes from transformed filamentous fungi by unselected transient transfection with a cre-expressing plasmid.a convenient method to remove selectable markers from fungal transformants permits the markers to be used for sequential transformations, and should also reduce public concerns and regulatory impediments to applications involving environmental release of genetically modified fungi. we report a method for marker removal that requires no genetic selection. protoplasts from neotyphodium coenophialum,neotyphodium uncinatum and epichloë festucae transformants containing a hygromycin b phosphotransfer ...200919576996
characterization of nika histidine kinase and two response regulators with special reference to osmotic adaptation and asexual development in aspergillus nidulans.aspergillus nidulans has many histidine-to-aspartate (his-asp) phosphorelay components, including 15 histidine kinases (hks), four response regulators (rrs), and a histidine-containing phosphotransfer intermediate (hpt). of these, nika (hk) is highly conserved in many filamentous fungi. it has been found that nika is responsible for the responses of filamentous fungi to fungicides such as iprodione and fludioxonil. two rrs, sska and srra, are also involved in the fungicide response, providing a ...200919584543
comprehensive genomic analysis of cell wall genes in aspergillus nidulans.knowledge of the mechanisms underlying cell wall biosynthesis in aspergillus spp. is of high relevance to medicine and food safety, and for biotechnological applications. the cell wall of aspergillus nidulans is composed of galactomannoproteins, 1,3-alpha-glucan, beta-glucans, and chitin. here, we present a comprehensive inventory of the cell wall-related genes in a. nidulans. this includes glycan-synthetic and glycan-processing enzymes, spore wall maturation enzymes, gpi-anchor processing enzym ...200919585695
decolourization and detoxification of pulp and paper mill effluent by emericella nidulans var. nidulans.in this study geno-toxicity analysis along with effluent treatment was taken up to evaluate the efficiency of biological treatment process for safe disposal of treated effluent. four fungi were isolated from sediments of pulp and paper mill in which pf4 reduced colour (30%) and lignin content (24%) of the effluent on 3rd day. the fungal strain was identified as emericella nidulans var. nidulans (anamorph: aspergillus nidulans) on the basis of rdna its1 and rdna its2 region sequences. the process ...200919586717
transcriptional profiling for aspergillusnidulans hoga mapk signaling pathway in response to fludioxonil and osmotic stress.in filamentous fungi, the his-asp phosphorelay signaling system and hog pathway are involved in the action of the fungicides, fludioxonil, and iprodione, as well as osmotic and oxidative stress responses. aspergillusnidulans response regulators (rrs), sska and srra, and histidine kinase (hk), nika, are involved in the growth inhibitory effects of these fungicides. to gain further insights into the molecular basis for these signaling systems, we performed dna microarray analyses of fludioxonil an ...200919596074
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