Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| paper-based enzyme-free immunoassay for rapid detection and subtyping of influenza a h1n1 and h3n2 viruses. | development of rapid screening in the ambulatory environment is the most pressing needs for the control of spread of infectious disease. despite there are many methods to detect the immunoassay results, quantitative measurement in rapid disease screening is still a great challenge for point-of-care applications. in this work, based on the internal structural protein, i.e., nucleoprotein (np), and outer surface glycoproteins, i.e., h1 and h3, of the influenza viruses, specific and sensitive immun ... | 2015 | 26088774 |
| the role of human transportation networks in mediating the genetic structure of seasonal influenza in the united states. | recent studies have demonstrated the importance of accounting for human mobility networks when modeling epidemics in order to accurately predict spatial dynamics. however, little is known about the impact these movement networks have on the genetic structure of pathogen populations and whether these effects are scale-dependent. we investigated how human movement along the aviation and commuter networks contributed to intra-seasonal genetic structure of influenza a epidemics in the continental un ... | 2015 | 26086273 |
| immunological persistence of a seasonal influenza vaccine in people more than 3 years old. | to evaluate antibody persistence of aleph inactivated split influenza vaccine, 3308 healthy chinese people more than 3 years old were enrolled in a hemagglutination inhibition (hi) assay before vaccination, 641 were screened by hi assay negative, 437 of which received one dose of aleph inactivated split influenza vaccine and 204 of which received one dose of control vaccine (recombinant hepatitis b). after vaccination, the receivers were collected blood at 1st month, 3rd month, 6th month and 12t ... | 2015 | 26083828 |
| boosted influenza-specific t cell responses after h5n1 pandemic live attenuated influenza virus vaccination. | in a phase i clinical trial, a h5n1 pandemic live attenuated influenza virus (plaiv) vn2004 vaccine bearing avian influenza h5n1 hemagglutinin (ha) and na genes on the a/ann arbor cold-adapted vaccine backbone displayed very restricted replication. we evaluated t cell responses to h5n1 plaiv vaccination and assessed pre-existing t cell responses to determine whether they were associated with restricted replication of the h5n1 plaiv. | 2015 | 26082783 |
| determination of predominance of influenza virus strains in the americas. | during 2001-2014, predominant influenza a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) strains in south america predominated in all or most subsequent influenza seasons in central and north america. predominant a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) strains in north america predominated in most subsequent seasons in central and south america. sharing data between these subregions may improve influenza season preparedness. | 2015 | 26079140 |
| optimization of a micro-neutralisation assay and its application in antigenic characterisation of influenza viruses. | the identification of antigenic variants and the selection of influenza viruses for vaccine production are based largely on antigenic characterisation of the haemagglutinin (ha) of circulating viruses using the haemagglutination inhibition (hi) assay. however, additional to evolution related to escape from host immunity, variants emerging as a result of propagation in different cell substrates can complicate interpretation of hi results. | 2015 | 26073976 |
| viral subpopulation diversity in influenza virus isolates compared to clinical specimens. | influenza virus (ifv) isolates obtained from mammalian cell cultures are valuable reagents used for vaccine production, antigenic characterization, laboratory assays, and epidemiological and evolutionary studies. complete genomic comparison of ifv isolates with their original clinical specimens provides insight into cell culture-driven genomic changes which may sequentially alter the virus phenotype. | 2015 | 26071329 |
| global circulation patterns of seasonal influenza viruses vary with antigenic drift. | understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of emergence and circulation of new human seasonal influenza virus variants is a key scientific and public health challenge. the global circulation patterns of influenza a/h3n2 viruses are well characterized, but the patterns of a/h1n1 and b viruses have remained largely unexplored. here we show that the global circulation patterns of a/h1n1 (up to 2009), b/victoria, and b/yamagata viruses differ substantially from those of a/h3n2 viruses, on the basis o ... | 2015 | 26053121 |
| the intranasal application of zanamivir and carrageenan is synergistically active against influenza a virus in the murine model. | carrageenan is a clinically proven and marketed compound for the treatment of viral upper respiratory tract infections. as infections caused by influenza virus are often accompanied by infections with other respiratory viruses the combination of a specific anti-influenza compound with the broadly active antiviral polymer has huge potential for the treatment of respiratory infections. thus, the combination of the specific anti-influenza drug zanamivir together with carrageenan in a formulation su ... | 2015 | 26053018 |
| evaluation of the zoonotic potential of a novel reassortant h1n2 swine influenza virus with gene constellation derived from multiple viral sources. | in 2011-2012, contemporary north american-like h3n2 swine influenza viruses (sivs) possessing the 2009 pandemic h1n1 matrix gene (h3n2pm-like virus) were detected in domestic pigs of south korea where h1n2 siv strains are endemic. more recently, we isolated novel reassortant h1n2 sivs bearing the eurasian avian-like swine h1-like hemagglutinin and korean swine h1n2-like neuraminidase in the internal gene backbone of the h3n2pm-like virus. in the present study, we clearly provide evidence on the ... | 2015 | 26051886 |
| [on-microchip pcr for detection of influenza a viruses subtypes, circulating in the human population]. | a oligonucleotide microchip was developed for revealing influenza a viruses subtypes, circulating in human population: pandemic h1n1 swine influenza viruses, seasonal h1n1, h2n2, h3n2, h5n1, h9n2, h7n9. typing of influenza virus was performed by on-microchip pcr. we used immobilized primers-probes selected for the neuraminidase gene that allows determining both subtype of neuraminidase and subtype of hemagglutinin. | 2015 | 26050481 |
| influenza a virus infection in brazilian swine herds following the introduction of pandemic 2009 h1n1. | influenza a virus (fluav) infections are endemic in pork producing countries worldwide but in brazil it was not considered an important pathogen in pigs. since the emergence of 2009 pandemic h1n1 (h1n1pdm) fluav, many outbreaks of respiratory disease were observed in pig herds. the aim of this study was to evaluate fluav infection in swine in 48 pig farms located in seven brazilian states with previous reports of influenza-like signs by clinical, serological and virological cross-sectional studi ... | 2015 | 26345257 |
| viral dominance of reassortants between canine influenza h3n2 and pandemic (2009) h1n1 viruses from a naturally co-infected dog. | since avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza virus (civ) was first identified in south korea in 2008, the novel influenza virus has been reported in several countries in asia. reverse zoonotic transmission of pandemic h1n1 (2009) influenza virus (ph1n1) has been observed in a broad range of animal species. viral dominance and characterization of the reassortants of both viruses was undertaken in the present study. | 2015 | 26336880 |
| development of high-yield influenza a virus vaccine viruses. | vaccination is one of the most cost-effective ways to prevent infection. influenza vaccines propagated in cultured cells are approved for use in humans, but their yields are often suboptimal. here, we screened a/puerto rico/8/34 (pr8) virus mutant libraries to develop vaccine backbones (defined here as the six viral rna segments not encoding haemagglutinin and neuraminidase) that support high yield in cell culture. we also tested mutations in the coding and regulatory regions of the virus, and c ... | 2015 | 26334134 |
| reconstruction of the evolutionary dynamics of a(h3n2) influenza viruses circulating in italy from 2004 to 2012. | influenza a viruses are characterised by their rapid evolution, and the appearance of point mutations in the viral hemagglutinin (ha) domain causes seasonal epidemics. the a(h3n2) virus has higher mutation rate than the a(h1n1) virus. the aim of this study was to reconstruct the evolutionary dynamics of the a(h3n2) viruses circulating in italy between 2004 and 2012 in the light of the forces driving viral evolution. | 2015 | 26331945 |
| clinical characteristics are similar across type a and b influenza virus infections. | studies that aimed at comparing the clinical presentation of influenza patients across virus types and subtypes/lineages found divergent results, but this was never investigated using data collected over several years in a countrywide, primary care practitioners-based influenza surveillance system. | 2015 | 26325069 |
| antiviral activity of an aqueous extract derived from aloe arborescens mill. against a broad panel of viruses causing infections of the upper respiratory tract. | a number of antiviral therapies have evolved that may be effectively administered to treat respiratory viral diseases. but these therapies are very often of limited efficacy or have severe side effects. therefore there is great interest in developing new efficacious and safe antiviral compounds e.g. based on the identification of compounds of herbal origin. | 2015 | 26321740 |
| novel reassortant human-like h3n2 and h3n1 influenza a viruses detected in pigs are virulent and antigenically distinct from swine viruses endemic to the united states. | human-like swine h3 influenza a viruses (iav) were detected by the usda surveillance system. we characterized two novel swine human-like h3n2 and h3n1 viruses with hemagglutinin (ha) genes similar to those in human seasonal h3 strains and internal genes closely related to those of 2009 h1n1 pandemic viruses. the h3n2 neuraminidase (na) was of the contemporary human n2 lineage, while the h3n1 na was of the classical swine n1 lineage. both viruses were antigenically distant from swine h3 viruses t ... | 2015 | 26311895 |
| incidence of medically attended influenza during pandemic and post-pandemic seasons through the influenza incidence surveillance project, 2009-13. | since the introduction of pandemic influenza a (h1n1) to the usa in 2009, the influenza incidence surveillance project has monitored the burden of influenza in the outpatient setting through population-based surveillance. | 2015 | 26300111 |
| sialic acid-dependent interactions between influenza viruses and streptococcus suis affect the infection of porcine tracheal cells. | bacterial co-infections are a major complication in influenza-virus-induced disease in both humans and animals. either of the pathogens may induce a host response that affects the infection by the other pathogen. a unique feature in the co-infection by swine influenza viruses (siv) and streptococcus suis serotype 2 is the direct interaction between the two pathogens. it is mediated by the haemagglutinin of siv that recognizes the α2,6-linked sialic acid present in the capsular polysaccharide of ... | 2015 | 26297001 |
| establishment of functional influenza virus-specific cd8(+) t cell memory pools after intramuscular immunization. | the emergence of the avian-origin influenza h7n9 virus and its pandemic potential has highlighted the ever-present need to develop vaccination approaches to induce cross-protective immunity. in this study, we examined the establishment of cross-reactive cd8(+) t cell immunity in mice following immunization with live a/puerto rico/8/1934 (pr8; h1n1) influenza virus via two non-productive inoculation routes. we found that immunization via the intramuscular (im) route established functional influen ... | 2015 | 26277069 |
| [child and adolescent interepydemic immunity to influenza viruses]. | our aim was to evaluate the child and adolescent population immunity to influenza a viruses (iav) and influenza b virus (ibv). | 2015 | 26495719 |
| identification of a novel viral protein expressed from the pb2 segment of influenza a virus. | over the past 2 decades, several novel influenza virus proteins have been identified that modulate viral infections in vitro and/or in vivo. the pb2 segment, which is one of the longest influenza a virus segments, is known to encode only one viral protein, pb2. in the present study, we used reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) targeting viral mrnas transcribed from the pb2 segment to look for novel viral proteins encoded by spliced mrnas. we identified a new viral protein, pb2-s1, encoded by a nov ... | 2015 | 26491155 |
| genetic characterization of h1n1 and h1n2 influenza a viruses circulating in ontario pigs in 2012. | the objective of this study was to characterize h1n1 and h1n2 influenza a virus isolates detected during outbreaks of respiratory disease in pig herds in ontario (canada) in 2012. six influenza viruses were included in analysis using full genome sequencing based on the 454 platform. in five h1n1 isolates, all eight segments were genetically related to 2009 pandemic virus (a(h1n1)pdm09). one h1n2 isolate had hemagglutinin (ha), polymerase a (pa) and non-structural (ns) genes closely related to a( ... | 2015 | 26030614 |
| low-ph stability of influenza a virus sialidase contributing to virus replication and pandemic. | the spike glycoprotein neuraminidase (na) of influenza a virus (iav) has sialidase activity that cleaves the terminal sialic acids (viral receptors) from oligosaccharide chains of glycoconjugates. a new antigenicity of viral surface glycoproteins for humans has pandemic potential. we found "low-ph stability of sialidase activity" in na. the low-ph stability can maintain sialidase activity under acidic conditions of ph 4-5. for human iavs, nas of all pandemic viruses were low-ph-stable, whereas t ... | 2015 | 26027822 |
| natural t cell-mediated protection against seasonal and pandemic influenza. results of the flu watch cohort study. | a high proportion of influenza infections are asymptomatic. animal and human challenge studies and observational studies suggest t cells protect against disease among those infected, but the impact of t-cell immunity at the population level is unknown. | 2015 | 25844934 |
| electrochemical dna biosensor based on a tetrahedral nanostructure probe for the detection of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus. | a dna tetrahedral nanostructure-based electrochemical biosensor was developed to detect avian influenza a (h7n9) virus through recognizing a fragment of the hemagglutinin gene sequence. the dna tetrahedral probe was immobilized onto a gold electrode surface based on self-assembly between three thiolated nucleotide sequences and a longer nucleotide sequence containing complementary dna to hybridize with the target single-stranded (ss)dna. the captured target sequence was hybridized with a biotiny ... | 2015 | 25844798 |
| protective efficacy of the conserved np, pb1, and m1 proteins as immunogens in dna- and vaccinia virus-based universal influenza a virus vaccines in mice. | the conventional hemagglutinin (ha)- and neuraminidase (na)-based influenza vaccines need to be updated most years and are ineffective if the glycoprotein ha of the vaccine strains is a mismatch with that of the epidemic strain. universal vaccines targeting conserved viral components might provide cross-protection and thus complement and improve conventional vaccines. in this study, we generated dna plasmids and recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the conserved proteins nucleoprotein (np), p ... | 2015 | 25834017 |
| electrochemical assay to detect influenza viruses and measure drug susceptibility. | an electrochemical assay has been designed to rapidly diagnose influenza viruses. exposure of a glucose-bearing substrate to influenza viruses or its enzyme, neuraminidase (na), releases glucose, which was detected amperometrically. two methods were used to detect released glucose. first, we used a standard glucose blood meter to detect two viral nas and three influenza strains. we also demonstrated drug susceptibility of two antivirals, zanamivir and oseltamivir, using the assay. finally, we us ... | 2015 | 25823546 |
| [analysis of population immunity of residents of russian federation regions against seasonal and highly pathogenic strains of influenza virus]. | determine the level of antibodies against socially significant types/serotypes of influenza virus in sera of individuals residing in various regions of russia. | 2015 | 25816528 |
| seroprotective antibodies to 2011 variant influenza a(h3n2v) and seasonal influenza a(h3n2) among three age groups of us department of defense service members. | in 2011, a new variant of influenza a(h3n2) emerged that contained a recombination of genes from swine h3n2 viruses and the matrix (m) gene of influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 virus. new combinations and variants of pre-existing influenza viruses are worrisome if there is low or nonexistent immunity in a population, which increases chances for an outbreak or pandemic. | 2015 | 25816244 |
| 14-deoxy-11,12-dehydroandrographolide exerts anti-influenza a virus activity and inhibits replication of h5n1 virus by restraining nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes. | the highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 virus has become a worldwide public health threat, and current antiviral therapies have limited activity against the emerging, resistant influenza viruses. therefore, effective drugs with novel targets against influenza a viruses, h5n1 strains in particular, should be developed. in the present study, 14-deoxy-11,12-dehydroandrographolide (dap), a major component of the traditional chinese medicine andrographis paniculata, exerted potent anti-influenza a ... | 2015 | 25800824 |
| characterization of the localized immune response in the respiratory tract of ferrets following infection with influenza a and b viruses. | the burden of infection with seasonal influenza viruses is significant. each year is typically characterized by the dominance of one (sub)type or lineage of influenza a or b virus, respectively. the incidence of disease varies annually, and while this may be attributed to a particular virus strain or subtype, the impacts of prior immunity, population differences, and variations in clinical assessment are also important. to improve our understanding of the impacts of seasonal influenza viruses, w ... | 2015 | 26719259 |
| quercetin as an antiviral agent inhibits influenza a virus (iav) entry. | influenza a viruses (iavs) cause seasonal pandemics and epidemics with high morbidity and mortality, which calls for effective anti-iav agents. the glycoprotein hemagglutinin of influenza virus plays a crucial role in the initial stage of virus infection, making it a potential target for anti-influenza therapeutics development. here we found that quercetin inhibited influenza infection with a wide spectrum of strains, including a/puerto rico/8/34 (h1n1), a/fm-1/47/1 (h1n1), and a/aichi/2/68 (h3n ... | 2015 | 26712783 |
| generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific to avian influenza h5n1 hemagglutinin protein. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 virus has in the past breached the species barrier from infected domestic poultry to humans in close contact. although human-to-human transmission has previously not been reported, hpai h5n1 virus has pandemic potential owing to gain of function mutation(s) and/or genetic reassortment with human influenza a viruses. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) have been used for diagnosis as well as specific therapeutic candidates in several disease conditions inclu ... | 2015 | 26683184 |
| prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with influenza, clinical significance, and pathophysiology of human influenza viruses in faecal samples: what do we know? | this review provides for the first time an assessment of the current understanding about the occurrence and the clinical significance of gastrointestinal (gi) symptoms in influenza patients, and their correlation with the presence of human influenza viruses in stools of patients with confirmed influenza virus infection. studies exploring how human influenza viruses spread to the patient's gi tract after a primary respiratory infection have been summarized. we conducted a systematic search of pub ... | 2015 | 26651485 |
| transcription factor runx3 is induced by influenza a virus and double-strand rna and mediates airway epithelial cell apoptosis. | influenza a virus (iav) targets airway epithelial cells and exploits the host cell machinery to replicate, causing respiratory illness in annual epidemics and pandemics of variable severity. the high rate of antigenic drift (viral mutation) and the putative antigenic shift (reassortant strains) have raised the need to find the host cell inducible factors modulating iav replication and its pathogenesis to develop more effective antiviral treatment. in this study, we found for the first time that ... | 2015 | 26643317 |
| genome-wide analysis of evolutionary markers of human influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 and a(h3n2) viruses may guide selection of vaccine strain candidates. | here we analyzed whole-genome sequences of 3,969 influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 and 4,774 a(h3n2) strains that circulated during 2009-2015 in the world. the analysis revealed changes at 481 and 533 amino acid sites in proteins of influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 and a(h3n2) strains, respectively. many of these changes were introduced as a result of random drift. however, there were 61 and 68 changes that were present in relatively large number of a(h1n1)pdm09 and a(h3n2) strains, respectively, that circulated dur ... | 2015 | 26615216 |
| distinct functional determinants of influenza hemagglutinin-mediated membrane fusion. | membrane fusion is the critical step for infectious cell penetration by enveloped viruses. we have previously used single-virion measurements of fusion kinetics to study the molecular mechanism of influenza-virus envelope fusion. published data on fusion inhibition by antibodies to the 'stem' of influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) now allow us to incorporate into simulations the provision that some has are inactive. we find that more than half of the has are unproductive even for virions with no ... | 2015 | 26613408 |
| zanamivir-resistant influenza viruses with q136k or q136r neuraminidase residue mutations can arise during mdck cell culture creating challenges for antiviral susceptibility monitoring. | surveillance of circulating influenza strains for antiviral susceptibility is important to ensure patient treatment guidelines remain appropriate. influenza a(h3n2) and a(h1n1)pdm09 virus isolates containing mutations at the q136 residue of the neuraminidase (na) that conferred reduced susceptibility to the na inhibitor (nai) zanamivir were detected during antiviral susceptibility monitoring. interestingly, the mutations were not detectable in the viruses from respective clinical specimens, only ... | 2015 | 26608955 |
| clinical outcome of laninamivir octanoate hydrate for influenza in the 2013-2014 japanese season. | the clinical outcome of laninamivir octanoate hydrate (laninamivir) in the japanese 2013-2014 influenza season was investigated. a total of 235 patients were enrolled, of whom 222 were evaluated for the duration of fever and other symptoms. the types/subtypes were 101 a(h1n1)pdm09 (45.5%), 37 a(h3n2) (16.7%), and 84 b (37.8%). the median durations of fever were 32.0, 41.0, and 50.0 h, and the median durations of symptoms were 74.5, 85.0, and 95.0 h for a(h1n1)pdm09, a(h3n2), and b, respectively. ... | 2015 | 26410550 |
| cross-protection against european swine influenza viruses in the context of infection immunity against the 2009 pandemic h1n1 virus: studies in the pig model of influenza. | pigs are natural hosts for the same influenza virus subtypes as humans and are a valuable model for cross-protection studies with influenza. in this study, we have used the pig model to examine the extent of virological protection between a) the 2009 pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) virus and three different european h1 swine influenza virus (siv) lineages, and b) these h1 viruses and a european h3n2 siv. pigs were inoculated intranasally with representative strains of each virus lineage with 6- and 17-wee ... | 2015 | 26404790 |
| influenza virus surveillance in coordinated swine production systems, united states. | to clarify the epidemiology of influenza a viruses in coordinated swine production systems to which no animals from outside the system are introduced, we conducted virologic surveillance during september 2012-september 2013. animal age, geographic location, and farm type were found to affect the prevalence of these viruses. | 2015 | 26402228 |
| identification of conserved peptides comprising multiple t cell epitopes of matrix 1 protein in h1n1 influenza virus. | cell mediated immune response plays a key role in combating viral infection and thus identification of new vaccine targets manifesting t cell mediated response may serve as an ideal approach for influenza vaccine. the present study involves the application of an immunoinformatics-based consensus approach for epitope prediction (three epitope prediction tools each for cd4+ and cd8+ t cell epitopes) and molecular docking to identify peptide sequences containing t cell epitopes using the conserved ... | 2015 | 26398199 |
| update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, may 24-september 5, 2015. | during may 24–september 5, 2015, the united states experienced typical low levels of seasonal influenza activity. influenza a (h1n1)pdm09 (ph1n1), influenza a (h3n2), and influenza b viruses were detected worldwide and were identified sporadically in the united states. all of the influenza viruses collected from u.s. states and other countries during that time have been characterized antigenically and/or genetically as being similar to the influenza vaccine viruses recommended for inclusion in t ... | 2015 | 26390411 |
| diagnostic potential of recombinant scfv antibodies generated against hemagglutinin protein of influenza a virus. | human influenza a viruses have been the cause of enormous socio-economic losses worldwide. in order to combat such a notorious pathogen, hemagglutinin protein (ha) has been a preferred target for generation of neutralizing-antibodies as potent therapeutic/diagnostic agents. in the present study, recombinant anti-ha single chain variable fragment antibodies were constructed using the phage-display technology to aid in diagnosis and treatment of human influenza a virus infections. spleen cells of ... | 2015 | 26388868 |
| sexual diergism in antibody response to whole virus trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in outbred mice. | an outbred mouse model was used to determine if antibody response to immunization with whole-virus trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (tiv) differs between the sexes. the antibody response was examined one (serum titer of igm antibodies), and three and six weeks post-immunization (serum titer of neutralizing and total igg antibodies and igg subclass profile). compared with male in female mice was found (i) the more robust igm response against all influenza strains included in tiv and (ii) m ... | 2015 | 26382601 |
| attenuated recombinant influenza a virus expressing hpv16 e6 and e7 as a novel therapeutic vaccine approach. | persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) types, most often hpv16 and hpv18, causes all cervical and most anal cancers, and a subset of vulvar, vaginal, penile and oropharyngeal carcinomas. two prophylactic virus-like particle (vlps)-based vaccines, are available that protect against vaccine type-associated persistent infection and associated disease, yet have no therapeutic effect on existing lesions or infections. we have generated recombinant live-attenuated influenza a v ... | 2015 | 26381401 |
| the coexistence or replacement of two subtypes of influenza. | a pandemic subtype of influenza a sometimes replaces but sometimes coexists with the previous seasonal subtype. for example, the 1957 pandemic subtype h2n2 replaced the seasonal subtype h1n1; whereas after 1977 subtypes h1n1 (from the pandemic) and h3n2 continue to coexist. in an attempt to understand these alternatives, a hybrid model for the dynamics of influenza a is formulated. during an epidemic season the model takes into account cross-immunity of strains depending on the most recent seaso ... | 2015 | 26453807 |
| lipid composition of viral envelope of three strains of influenza virus - not all viruses are created equal. | while differences in the rate of virus fusion and budding from the host cell membrane have been correlated with pathogenicity, no systematic study of the contribution of differences in viral envelope composition has previously been attempted. using rigorous virus purification, marked differences between virions and host were observed. over 125 phospholipid species have been quantitated for three strains of influenza (hkx31- h3n2, pr8- h1n1, and vn1203- h5n1) grown in eggs. the glycerophospholipi ... | 2015 | 26448476 |
| assessing antigenic drift of seasonal influenza a(h3n2) and a(h1n1)pdm09 viruses. | under selective pressure from the host immune system, antigenic epitopes of influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) have continually evolved to escape antibody recognition, termed antigenic drift. we analyzed the genomes of influenza a(h3n2) and a(h1n1)pdm09 virus strains circulating in thailand between 2010 and 2014 and assessed how well the yearly vaccine strains recommended for the southern hemisphere matched them. we amplified and sequenced the ha gene of 120 a(h3n2) and 81 a(h1n1)pdm09 influenza ... | 2015 | 26440103 |
| epidemiology of influenza viruses from 2009 to 2013 - a sentinel surveillance report from union territory of puducherry, india. | to report the findings of influenza surveillance programme from union territory of puducherry and to document the clinical and epidemiological data of influenza viruses over a five year period from 2009 to 2013. | 2015 | 26433657 |
| detection and isolation of swine influenza a virus in spiked oral fluid and samples from individually housed, experimentally infected pigs: potential role of porcine oral fluid in active influenza a virus surveillance in swine. | the lack of seasonality of swine influenza a virus (swiav) in combination with the capacity of swine to harbor a large number of co-circulating iav lineages, resulting in the risk for the emergence of influenza viruses with pandemic potential, stress the importance of swiav surveillance. to date, active surveillance of swiav worldwide is barely done because of the short detection period in nasal swab samples. therefore, more sensitive diagnostic methods to monitor circulating virus strains are r ... | 2015 | 26431039 |
| cross protection against influenza a virus by yeast-expressed heterologous tandem repeat m2 extracellular proteins. | the influenza m2 ectodomain (m2e) is well conserved across human influenza a subtypes, but there are few residue changes among avian and swine origin influenza a viruses. we expressed a tandem repeat construct of heterologous m2e sequences (m2e5x) derived from human, swine, and avian origin influenza a viruses using the yeast expression system. intramuscular immunization of mice with as04-adjuvanted m2e5x protein vaccines was effective in inducing m2e-specific antibodies reactive to m2e peptide ... | 2015 | 26366729 |
| evaluation of commercial diagnostic assays for the specific detection of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus rna using a quality-control panel and clinical specimens in china. | a novel avian influenza a h7n9-subtype virus emerged in china in 2013 and threatened global public health. commercial kits that specifically detect avian influenza a (h7n9) virus rna are urgently required to prepare for the emergence and potential pandemic of this novel influenza virus. the safety and effectiveness of three commercial molecular diagnostic assays were evaluated using a quality-control panel and clinical specimens collected from over 90 patients with confirmed avian influenza a (h ... | 2015 | 26361351 |
| recommendations for prevention and control of influenza in children, 2015-2016. | the purpose of this statement is to update recommendations for routine use of seasonal influenza vaccine and antiviral medications for the prevention and treatment of influenza in children. the american academy of pediatrics recommends annual seasonal influenza immunization for all people 6 months and older, including all children and adolescents. highlights for the upcoming 2015-2016 season include the following: 1. annual universal influenza immunization is indicated with either a trivalent or ... | 2015 | 26347430 |
| in silico identification of highly conserved epitopes of influenza a h1n1, h2n2, h3n2, and h5n1 with diagnostic and vaccination potential. | the unpredictable, evolutionary nature of the influenza a virus (iav) is the primary problem when generating a vaccine and when designing diagnostic strategies; thus, it is necessary to determine the constant regions in viral proteins. in this study, we completed an in silico analysis of the reported epitopes of the 4 iav proteins that are antigenically most significant (ha, na, np, and m2) in the 3 strains with the greatest world circulation in the last century (h1n1, h2n2, and h3n2) and in one ... | 2015 | 26346523 |
| novel human-like influenza a viruses circulate in swine in mexico and chile. | further understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of influenza a viruses circulating in swine (iav-s) is important for the development of effective vaccines and our knowledge of pandemic threats. until recently, very little was known of iav-s diversity in latin america, owing to a lack of surveillance. | 2015 | 26345598 |
| mouse lung slices: an ex vivo model for the evaluation of antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents against influenza viruses. | the influenza a virus is notoriously known for its ability to cause recurrent epidemics and global pandemics. antiviral therapy is effective when treatment is initiated within 48h of symptom onset, and delaying treatment beyond this time frame is associated with decreased efficacy. research on anti-inflammatory therapy to ameliorate influenza-induced inflammation is currently underway and seems important to the impact on the clinical outcome. both antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs with novel ... | 2015 | 26022197 |
| serological evidence and risk factors for swine influenza infections among chinese swine workers in guangdong province. | during july to september 2014, we performed a controlled, cross-sectional, seroepidemiologic study among 203 swine workers and 115 control subjects in guangdong province. sera were tested using a hemagglutination inhibition assay against locally-isolated swine h3n2 and h1n1 viruses and commercially-obtained human influenza viral antigens. we found swine workers had a greater prevalence and odds of seropositivity against the swine h3n2 virus (17.3% vs. 7.0%; adjusted or, 3.4; 95% ci, 1.1 -10.7). ... | 2015 | 26016740 |
| [monitoring of influenza and other respiratory diseases causative agents in children, hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia in 2012-2013 epidemic season]. | study the circulation of respiratory viruses in children with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) during the period from october 2012 to may 2013. | 2015 | 26016346 |
| microneedle patch delivery to the skin of virus-like particles containing heterologous m2e extracellular domains of influenza virus induces broad heterosubtypic cross-protection. | a broadly cross-protective influenza vaccine that can be administrated by a painless self-immunization method would be a value as a potential universal mass vaccination strategy. this study developed a minimally-invasive microneedle (mn) patch for skin vaccination with virus-like particles containing influenza virus heterologous m2 extracellular (m2e) domains (m2e5x vlps) as a universal vaccine candidate without adjuvants. the stability of m2e5x vlp-coated microneedles was maintained for 8weeks ... | 2015 | 26003039 |
| egg-adaptive mutations in h3n2v vaccine virus enhance egg-based production without loss of antigenicity or immunogenicity. | the recently detected zoonotic h3n2 variant influenza a (h3n2v) viruses have caused 343 documented cases of human infection linked to contact with swine. an effective vaccine is needed for these viruses, which may acquire transmissibility among humans. however, viruses isolated from human cases do not replicate well in embryonated chicken eggs, posing an obstacle to egg-based vaccine production. to address this issue, we sought to identify egg-adaptive mutations in surface proteins that increase ... | 2015 | 25999284 |
| humoral and cellular immune responses after influenza vaccination in patients with postcancer fatigue. | the aim of this study was to compare humoral and cellular immune responses to influenza vaccination in cancer survivors with and without severe symptoms of fatigue. severely fatigued (n = 15) and non-fatigued (n = 12) disease-free cancer survivors were vaccinated against seasonal influenza. humoral immunity was evaluated at baseline and post-vaccination by a hemagglutination inhibition assay. cellular immunity was evaluated at baseline and post-vaccination by lymphocyte proliferation and activat ... | 2015 | 25996472 |
| influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing inpatient and outpatient cases in a season dominated by vaccine-matched influenza b virus. | studies that have evaluated the influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve) to prevent laboratory-confirmed influenza b cases are uncommon, and few have analyzed the effect in preventing hospitalized cases. we have evaluated the influenza ve in preventing outpatient and hospitalized cases with laboratory-confirmed influenza in the 2012-2013 season, which was dominated by a vaccine-matched influenza b virus. in the population covered by the navarra health service, all hospitalized patients with influenz ... | 2015 | 25996366 |
| haemagglutinin mutations and glycosylation changes shaped the 2012/13 influenza a(h3n2) epidemic, houston, texas. | while the early start and higher intensity of the 2012/13 influenza a virus (iav) epidemic was not unprecedented, it was the first iav epidemic season since the 2009 h1n1 influenza pandemic where the h3n2 subtype predominated. we directly sequenced the genomes of 154 h3n2 clinical specimens collected throughout the epidemic to better understand the evolution of h3n2 strains and to inform the h3n2 vaccine selection process. phylogenetic analyses indicated that multiple co-circulating clades and c ... | 2015 | 25990233 |
| age-specific epidemic waves of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in a subtropical city. | both influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are active throughout the year in subtropical or tropical regions, but few studies have reported on age-specific seasonal patterns of these viruses. we examined the age-specific epidemic curves of laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza a (subtyped into seasonal a(h1n1), a(h3n2), and pandemic virus a(h1n1)pdm09), influenza b and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), in subtropical city hong kong from 2004 to 2013. we found that different types an ... | 2015 | 25981824 |
| computational identification of antigenicity-associated sites in the hemagglutinin protein of a/h1n1 seasonal influenza virus. | the antigenic variability of influenza viruses has always made influenza vaccine development challenging. the punctuated nature of antigenic drift of influenza virus suggests that a relatively small number of genetic changes or combinations of genetic changes may drive changes in antigenic phenotype. the present study aimed to identify antigenicity-associated sites in the hemagglutinin protein of a/h1n1 seasonal influenza virus using computational approaches. random forest regression (rfr) and s ... | 2015 | 25978416 |
| [estimation of hospitalization rate of laboratory confirmed influenza cases in jingzhou city, hubei province, 2010-2012]. | to estimate the hospitalization rate of severe acute respiratory infection (sari) cases attributable to influenza in jingzhou city, hubei province from 2010 to 2012. | 2015 | 25975397 |
| genetic variation in the hemagglutinin of a(h1n1) 09pdm and a(h3n2) influenza viruses in the beijing area from 2009 to 2014. | a(h1n1) 09pdm and a(h3n2) influenza viruses are the main cause of occasional influenza pandemics and seasonal influenza epidemics around the world. unfortunately, the understanding of long-term genetic variation in these viruses remains limited. | 2015 | 25974995 |
| etiological role of ortho- and paramyxoviruses in acute respiratory tract infections among children aged < 4 years in bulgaria. | influenza viruses (family orthomyxoviridae); respiratory-syncytial virus (rsv), human metapneumovirus (hmpv), and parainfluenza viruses (hpiv) type 1, 2 and 3 (family paramyxoviridae) are among the most common causes of acute respiratory tract infections (arti) in infants and young children. the aim of this study was to determine the contribution of these viruses in cases of arti requiring medical attention among children aged < 4 years during the 2012/13 and 2013/14 winter seasons in bulgaria. | 2015 | 25974986 |
| sesquiterpenes from the roots of illicium oligandrum. | two new sesquiterpenes, oligandrin (1) and oligandric acid (2), together with three analogues, tashironin a (3), tashironin (4), and oplodiol (5), were isolated from the roots of illicium oligandrum. the structures of new compounds were determined based on 1d and 2d nmr experiments and x-ray diffraction. compound 1 represents a presumed biosynthetic precursor of seco-prezizaane sesquiterpenes which consists of a novel 6/6/5 tricarbocyclic skeleton. compound 2 is the first example of chamipinene- ... | 2015 | 25966312 |
| cross-reactive neuraminidase-inhibiting antibodies elicited by immunization with recombinant neuraminidase proteins of h5n1 and pandemic h1n1 influenza a viruses. | neuraminidase (na), an influenza virus envelope glycoprotein, removes sialic acid from receptors for virus release from infected cells. for this study, we used a baculovirus-insect cell expression system to construct and purify recombinant na (rna) proteins of h5n1 (a/vietnam/1203/2004) and pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) (a/texas/05/2009) influenza viruses. balb/c mice immunized with these proteins had high titers of na-specific igg and na-inhibiting (ni) antibodies against h5n1, ph1n1, h3n2, and h7n9 vi ... | 2015 | 25948745 |
| interval between infections and viral hierarchy are determinants of viral interference following influenza virus infection in a ferret model. | epidemiological studies suggest that, following infection with influenza virus, there is a short period during which a host experiences a lower susceptibility to infection with other influenza viruses. this viral interference appears to be independent of any antigenic similarities between the viruses. we used the ferret model of human influenza to systematically investigate viral interference. | 2015 | 25943206 |
| characterization of a novel oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant for swine influenza virus and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines. | vaccines consisting of subunit or inactivated bacteria/virus and potent adjuvants are widely used to control and prevent infectious diseases. because inactivated and subunit antigens are often less antigenic than live microbes, a growing need exists for the development of new and improved vaccine adjuvants that can elicit rapid and long-lasting immunity. here we describe the development and characterization of a novel oil-in-water emulsion, ow-14. ow-14 contains low-cost plant-based emulsifiers ... | 2015 | 25936722 |
| impact of the 2009 h1n1 pandemic on age-specific epidemic curves of other respiratory viruses: a comparison of pre-pandemic, pandemic and post-pandemic periods in a subtropical city. | the 2009 h1n1 influenza pandemic caused offseason peaks in temperate regions but coincided with the summer epidemic of seasonal influenza and other common respiratory viruses in subtropical hong kong. this study was aimed to investigate the impact of the pandemic on age-specific epidemic curves of other respiratory viruses. | 2015 | 25928217 |
| dynamic virus-bacterium interactions in a porcine precision-cut lung slice coinfection model: swine influenza virus paves the way for streptococcus suis infection in a two-step process. | swine influenza virus (siv) and streptococcus suis are common pathogens of the respiratory tract in pigs, with both being associated with pneumonia. the interactions of both pathogens and their contribution to copathogenesis are only poorly understood. in the present study, we established a porcine precision-cut lung slice (pcls) coinfection model and analyzed the effects of a primary siv infection on secondary infection by s. suis at different time points. we found that siv promoted adherence, ... | 2015 | 25916988 |
| antiviral activity of the human cathelicidin, ll-37, and derived peptides on seasonal and pandemic influenza a viruses. | human ll-37, a cationic antimicrobial peptide, was recently shown to have antiviral activity against influenza a virus (iav) strains in vitro and in vivo. in this study we compared the anti-influenza activity of ll-37 with that of several fragments derived from ll-37. we first tested the peptides against a seasonal h3n2 strain and the mouse adapted h1n1 strain, pr-8. the n-terminal fragment, ll-23, had slight neutralizing activity against these strains. in ll-23v9 serine 9 is substituted by vali ... | 2015 | 25909853 |
| incidence of circulating antibodies against hemagglutinin of influenza viruses in the epidemic season 2013/2014 in poland. | the aim of this study was to determine the level of antibodies against hemagglutinin of influenza viruses in the sera of people in different age groups in the epidemic season 2013/2014 in poland. the level of anti-hemagglutinin antibodies was determined by hemagglutination inhibition test (hai). a total number of 1,050 randomly selected sera was tested in seven age groups. the level of antibodies against influenza viruses was very low, which indicates that the people have not been vaccinated aga ... | 2015 | 25904002 |
| influenza b virus-specific cd8+ t-lymphocytes strongly cross-react with viruses of the opposing influenza b lineage. | influenza b viruses fall in two antigenically distinct lineages (b/victoria/2/1987 and b/yamagata/16/1988 lineage) that co-circulate with influenza a viruses of the h3n2 and h1n1 subtypes during seasonal epidemics. infections with influenza b viruses contribute considerably to morbidity and mortality in the human population. influenza b virus neutralizing antibodies, elicited by natural infections or vaccination, poorly cross-react with viruses of the opposing influenza b lineage. therefore, the ... | 2015 | 25900135 |
| serum strain-specific or cross-reactive neuraminidase inhibiting antibodies against pandemic а/california/07/2009(h1n1) influenza in healthy volunteers. | pre-existing antibodies to influenza virus neuraminidase may provide protection against infection influenza viruses containing novel hemagglutinin (ha). the aim of our study was to evaluate serum neuraminidase-inhibiting (ni) antibodies against а/california/07/2009(h1n1) [h1n1/2009pdm] and а/new caledonia/20/1999(h1n1) [h1n1/1999] influenza viruses in relation with the age of participants and hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibody levels. anti-h1n1/2009pdm neuraminidase and anti-h1n1/1999 neu ... | 2015 | 25889924 |
| serological survey of canine h3n2, pandemic h1n1/09, and human seasonal h3n2 influenza viruses in cats in northern china, 2010-2014. | the close contact between cats and humans poses a threat to public health because of the potential zoonotic transmission of influenza viruses to humans. therefore, we examined the seroprevalence of pandemic h1n1/09, canine h3n2, and human h3n2 viruses in pet cats in northern china from 2010 to 2014. | 2015 | 25889762 |
| molecular characterization of influenza viruses collected from young children in uberlandia, brazil - from 2001 to 2010. | influenza remains a major health problem due to the seasonal epidemics that occur every year caused by the emergence of new influenza virus strains. hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) glycoproteins are under selective pressure and subjected to frequent changes by antigenic drift. therefore, our main objective was to investigate the influenza cases in uberlândia city, midwestern brazil, in order to monitor the appearance of new viral strains, despite the availability of a prophylactic vacc ... | 2015 | 25886886 |
| a multiplex pcr assay for the detection of five influenza viruses using a dual priming oligonucleotide system. | a cost-effective, accurate and rapid simultaneous multiplex assay is required for testing and diagnoses of conventional and emerging viruses in clinical virology laboratories. we developed and optimized a dual priming oligonucleotide (dpo) multiplex pcr assay for detecting influenza viruses including seasonal h1n1, 2009 pandemic h1n1, h3n2, influenza b and h5n1. | 2015 | 25886516 |
| effectiveness of the 2012/13 trivalent live and inactivated influenza vaccines in children and adolescents in saxony-anhalt, germany: a test-negative case-control study. | a live attenuated influenza vaccine has been available in germany since the influenza season 2012/13, which is approved for children aged 2-17 years. using data from our laboratory-based surveillance system, we described the circulation of influenza and non-influenza respiratory viruses during the influenza season 2012/13 in saxony-anhalt. we estimated the effectiveness of live and inactivated trivalent influenza vaccines in preventing laboratory-confirmed cases among children and adolescents. f ... | 2015 | 25885063 |
| comparison of serum hemagglutinin and neuraminidase inhibition antibodies after 2010-2011 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccination in healthcare personnel. | background. most inactivated influenza vaccines contain purified and standardized hemagglutinin (ha) and residual neuraminidase (na) antigens. vaccine-associated ha antibody responses (hemagglutination inhibition [hai]) are well described, but less is known about the immune response to the na. methods. serum of 1349 healthcare personnel (hcp) electing or declining the 2010-2011 trivalent-inactivated influenza vaccine ([iiv3], containing a/california/7/2009 p(h1n1), a/perth/16/2009 [h3n2], b/br ... | 2015 | 25884004 |
| influenza a virus shedding and infectivity in households. | viral shedding is often considered to correlate with the infectivity of influenza, but the evidence for this is limited. | 2015 | 25883385 |
| an outbreak of influenza a(h3n2) in alappuzha district, kerala, india, in 2011. | influenza is an rna virus that belongs to the orthomyxoviridae family. it causes a highly contagious acute respiratory illness, has been recognized since ancient times, and is a major health threat throughout the world. an outbreak of influenza-like illness (ili) was reported from alappuzha district of kerala state between late june and july 2011. this investigation was conducted to determine the clinical picture, causative agents, and epidemiological characteristics of the illness. | 2015 | 25881524 |
| distribution of sialic acid receptors and experimental infections with different subtypes of influenza a viruses in qinghai-tibet plateau wild pika. | the plateau pika (ochotona curzoniae) is a small rabbit-like mammal that lives at high altitudes in the qinghai-tibet plateau and is in close contact with birds. following the outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 during 2005 in the migratory birds of qinghai lake, two clades of h5n1 have been found in pikas. however, the influenza virus receptor distribution in different tissues of this animal and its susceptibility to influenza a viruses have remained unclear. | 2015 | 25880060 |
| surveillance for seasonal influenza virus prevalence in hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract infection in guangzhou, china during the post-pandemic era. | influenza a(h1n1)pdm09, a(h3n2) and b viruses have co-circulated in the human population since the swine-origin human h1n1 pandemic in 2009. while infections of these subtypes generally cause mild illnesses, lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) occurs in a portion of children and required hospitalization. the aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of these three subtypes and compare the clinical manifestations in hospitalized children with lrti in guangzhou, china during the post-pa ... | 2015 | 25867910 |
| [development of a real-time reverse transcription pcr assay system for detection of three subtypes of influenza a and influenza b viruses]. | we developed the initial real-time reverse transcription pcr assay system for seasonal influenza viruses in 2011. this prototype assay system could detect and identify specific influenza a virus subtypes[h1n1, h3n2 and (h1n1) pdm09] and influenza b virus. in the 2012-2013 season, our prototype pcr assay didn't work well because of point mutations occurred in the neuraminidase (na) gene of the a (h3n2) strain. we improved the prototype assay by changing the target gene for a (h3n2) strain (2013 i ... | 2015 | 27089652 |
| [determination of influenza virus h5n1 and h7n9 using masa technology]. | to set up a new rapid method for the rapid determination of influenza virus h5n1 and h7n9 basing on the multi-analyte suspension array (masa) technology. sequence analysis and design of degenerate primers and specific probes were set in the comparison and analysis of h5, n1, h7 and n9 genes. in combination with masa technology, these primers and probes were used for the determination of samples of h5n1 and h7n9 and other subtypes ( h1n1, ph1n1, h5n2, h3n2 and h9n2). we developed a rapid determin ... | 2015 | 26951004 |
| epidemiology of human coronavirus nl63 infection among hospitalized patients with pneumonia in taiwan. | human coronavirus (hcov) nl63 is recognized in association with upper or lower respiratory tract illnesses in children. this study surveyed the prevalence of hcov-nl63 and influenza viruses in patients with influenza-like illness in taiwan during 2010-2011. | 2015 | 26746130 |
| comparison between virus shedding and fever duration after treating children with pandemic a h1n1/09 and children with a h3n2 with a neuraminidase inhibitor. | shedding of the pandemic virus during an influenza pandemic is thought to persist longer than shedding of influenza viruses during annual influenza seasons, because people have much less immunity against a pandemic influenza. a correlation is thought to exist between the length of virus shedding and the clinical severity of influenza illness. | 2015 | 24832015 |
| live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines in children. | live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) and inactivated influenza vaccine (iiv) are available for children. local and systemic immunity induced by laiv followed a month later by laiv and iiv followed by laiv were investigated with virus recovery after laiv doses as surrogates for protection against influenza on natural exposure. | 2015 | 25165161 |
| serological and virological surveillance of avian influenza a virus h9n2 subtype in humans and poultry in shanghai, china, between 2008 and 2010. | we report the serological evidence of low-pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) h9n2 infection in an occupational poultry-exposed population and a general population. a serological survey of an occupational poultry-exposed population and a general population was conducted using a haemagglutinin-inhibiting (hi) assay in shanghai, china, from january 2008 to december 2010. evidence of higher anti-h9 antibodies was found in serum samples collected from poultry workers. during this period, 239 h9n2 avia ... | 2015 | 24803167 |
| in vitro neuraminidase inhibitory activity of four neuraminidase inhibitors against clinical isolates of influenza virus in the japanese 2012-2013 season. | the neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) oseltamivir phosphate (tamiflu(®)), zanamivir (relenza(®)), laninamivir octanoate (inavir(®)), and peramivir (rapiacta(®)) have been available for the treatment of influenza in japan since 2010. the emergence of resistant virus to any of the nais is a great concern for influenza treatment. to assess the extent of viral resistance, we measured the 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) of each nai for influenza virus isolates in the 2012-2013 influenza season and ... | 2015 | 25277670 |
| h3n2 canine influenza virus with the matrix gene from the pandemic a/h1n1 virus: infection dynamics in dogs and ferrets. | after an outbreak of pandemic influenza a/h1n1 (ph1n1) virus, we had previously reported the emergence of a recombinant canine influenza virus (civ) between the ph1n1 virus and the classic h3n2 civ. our ongoing routine surveillance isolated another reassortant h3n2 civ carrying the matrix gene of the ph1n1 virus from 2012. the infection dynamics of this h3n2 civ variant (civ/h3n2mv) were investigated in dogs and ferrets via experimental infection and transmission. the civ/h3n2mv-infected dogs an ... | 2015 | 24977303 |
| epidemiological analysis of influenza a infection in cambodian pigs and recommendations for surveillance strategies. | this study analysed the available data of seroprevalence to human influenza viruses in pigs in cambodia using generalized linear mixed models in order to improve understanding of factors underlying the spread of human influenza viruses in cambodian pigs. the associations between seroprevalence against seasonal h1n1 influenza virus in pigs and the population density of humans and pigs were not significant. however, a positive association between anti-h3 antibodies in pigs and the human population ... | 2015 | 24460959 |
| targeting the ha2 subunit of influenza a virus hemagglutinin via cd40l provides universal protection against diverse subtypes. | the influenza viral hemagglutinin (ha) is comprised of two subunits. current influenza vaccine predominantly induces neutralizing antibodies (abs) against the ha1 subunit, which is constantly evolving in unpredictable fashion. the other subunit, ha2, however, is highly conserved but largely shielded by the ha head domain. thus, enhancing immune response against ha2 could potentially elicit broadly inhibitory abs. we generated a recombinant adenovirus (rad) encoding secreted fusion protein, consi ... | 2015 | 25052763 |