Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is now recognized as a significant problem in certain adult populations. these include the elderly, persons with cardiopulmonary diseases, and immunocompromised hosts. epidemiological evidence indicates that the impact of rsv in older adults may be similar to that of nonpandemic influenza. in addition, rsv has been found to cause 2 to 5% of adult community-acquired pneumonias. attack rates in nursing homes are approximately 5 to 10% per year, with significant ra ... | 2000 | 10885982 |
| pseudorabies virus glycoprotein m inhibits membrane fusion. | a transient transfection-fusion assay was established to investigate membrane fusion mediated by pseudorabies virus (prv) glycoproteins. plasmids expressing prv glycoproteins under control of the immediate-early 1 promoter-enhancer of human cytomegalovirus were transfected into rabbit kidney cells, and the extent of cell fusion was quantitated 27 to 42 h after transfection. cotransfection of plasmids encoding prv glycoproteins b (gb), gd, gh, and gl resulted in formation of polykaryocytes, as ha ... | 2000 | 10888614 |
| effect of coexpression of interleukin-2 by recombinant respiratory syncytial virus on virus replication, immunogenicity, and production of other cytokines. | we constructed rrsv/mil-2, a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (rrsv) containing the coding sequence of murine interleukin-2 (mil-2) in a transcription cassette inserted into the g-f intergenic region. the recovered virus (rrsv/mil-2) expressed high levels (up to 2.8 microg/ml) of mil-2 in cell culture. replication of rrsv/mil-2 in vitro was reduced up to 13.6-fold from that of wild-type (wt) rrsv, an effect that was due to the presence of the foreign insert but was not specific to mil-2. ... | 2000 | 10888656 |
| recombinant respiratory syncytial viruses with deletions in the ns1, ns2, sh, and m2-2 genes are attenuated in vitro and in vivo. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) encodes several proteins that lack well-defined functions; these include ns1, ns2, sh, and m2-2. previous work has demonstrated that ns2, sh, and m2-2 can each be deleted from rsv genome and thus are considered as accessory proteins. to determine whether rsv can replicate efficiently when two or more transcriptional units are deleted, we removed ns1, ns2, sh, and m2-2 genes individually and in different combinations from an infectious cdna clone derived from hum ... | 2000 | 10891423 |
| increased burden of respiratory viral associated severe lower respiratory tract infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1. | to determine the burden of viral associated severe lower respiratory tract infections (slrti) in human immunodeficiency virus-infected (hiv+) and hiv-uninfected (hiv-) urban black south african children. | 2000 | 10891826 |
| evaluation of the measurement of leukotriene b4 concentrations in exhaled condensate as a noninvasive method for assessing mediators of inflammation in the lungs of calves. | to determine whether measurement of an inflammatory mediator in exhaled condensate could provide a noninvasive method for evaluating lungs of calves. | 2000 | 10895893 |
| epidemiological investigation of nine respiratory pathogens in hospitalized children in germany using multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. | the aim of this study was to generate urgently needed data on respiratory pathogens in german children using an economical and efficient tool. nasopharyngeal aspirates of hospitalized children 0-16 years of age with an acute respiratory tract infection were tested by a nine-valent multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. of 1281 children, 449 (35%) had an acute respiratory tract infection caused by at least one of the organisms studied; there were 29 cases of dual infection. at ... | 2000 | 10898133 |
| type 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitors attenuate respiratory syncytial virus-induced airway hyper-responsiveness and lung eosinophilia. | viral respiratory infections are considered one of the triggers of exacerbations of asthma. in a model of virus-induced airway hyper-responsiveness (ahr), mice infected with human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were shown to develop ahr accompanied by lung eosinophilia. inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (pde) have been shown to affect airway responsiveness and pulmonary allergic inflammation. in this study, we assessed the effects of type 4 pde (pde4) inhibitors on ahr followi ... | 2000 | 10900250 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in children hospitalised with acute lower respiratory tract infection. | data are lacking on respiratory syncytial virus. (rsv) respiratory tract infections in children from developing countries. | 2000 | 10901825 |
| ribavarin in ventilated respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. | 2000 | 10903266 | |
| hospitalisation for rsv infection in ex-preterm infants-implications for use of rsv immune globulin. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) specific immune globulin is now being marketed for prevention of rsv infection in ex-preterm infants. however, there are no published uk data on the morbidity or mortality from rsv in these infants. | 2000 | 10906017 |
| characterization of a novel respiratory syncytial virus-specific human cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitope. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a major cause of morbidity in childhood worldwide. the first human rsv-specific cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitope to be defined is described. this hla b7-restricted epitope in nucleoprotein (np) was detectable in four healthy, b7-positive adult subjects using b7-rsv-np tetrameric complexes to stain cd8(+) t cells. | 2000 | 10906229 |
| another 2-way mlv vaccine against agents of bovine respiratory disease. | 2000 | 10907573 | |
| characterization of acute interstitial pneumonia in cattle in southern alberta feedyards. | field data were collected over 2 consecutive years to characterize acute interstitial pneumonia (aip) in feedyard cattle. thirty-eight cattle with clinical symptoms of aip were examined following emergency slaughter; 31 (all heifers) were confirmed to have aip on the basis of gross and histological lung pathology. the 7 without aip, plus 17 asymptomatic penmates, were used as contemporary controls. plasma concentrations of 3-methylindole (3mi) metabolites were higher (p < 0.001) in heifers affli ... | 2000 | 10907577 |
| the role of viruses in development or exacerbation of atopic asthma. | respiratory viral infections in early childhood have been linked to the development of persistent wheezing and asthma. epidemiologic data indicate that, for the majority of children, virus-induced wheezing is a self-limited condition, with no long-term consequences. for a substantial minority, however, virus-induced wheezing is associated with persistent asthma and the potential for enhanced allergic sensitization. for the most part, this subset of patients is genetically predisposed; they are a ... | 2000 | 10907588 |
| the role of respiratory viruses in acute and chronic asthma. | respiratory infections can have dual effects related to asthma. first, there is increasing evidence that severe infections with rsv and piv in infancy can alter lung development and physiology to increase the risks of subsequent wheezing and asthma. second, infections with common cold viruses and influenza commonly precipitate wheezing symptoms in children and adults who already have established asthma, and rv appears to be the most important virus in producing exacerbations of the disease. the ... | 2000 | 10907589 |
| [palivizumab--a monoclonal antibody for passive immunoprophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infections]. | rsv is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants. the humanised monoclonal antibody has been developed for prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease caused by rsv. palivizumab specifically inhibits subtypes a and b. in a large, multicenter, double-blind, randomised trial in 1502 infants at high risk of rsv infection, intramuscular palivizumab 15 mg/kg reduced the incidence of rsv-attributable hospitalization by 55% compared with placebo. palivizumab was w ... | 2000 | 10909169 |
| influenza and hospitalizations in children. | 2000 | 10858094 | |
| measuring respiratory outcome. | chronic respiratory morbidity is a common outcome of very premature birth. infants who are chronically oxygen dependent with an abnormal chest radiograph are described as suffering from chronic lung disease (cld), and those with the worst abnormalities diagnosed as having bronchopulmonary dysplasia. cld infants are very likely to be readmitted to hospital during infancy, particularly during a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) epidemic. very low birthweight, prematurity and cld are associated wit ... | 2000 | 10859706 |
| iduronic acid-containing glycosaminoglycans on target cells are required for efficient respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important human respiratory pathogen, particularly in infants. glycosaminoglycans (gags) have been implicated in the initiation of rsv infection of cultured cells, but it is not clear what type of gags and gag components are involved, whether the important gags are on the virus or the cell, or what the magnitude is of their contribution to infection. we constructed and rescued a recombinant green fluorescent protein (gfp)-expressing rsv (rgrsv) and used th ... | 2000 | 10860881 |
| role of type i ifns in the in vitro attenuation of live, temperature-sensitive vaccine strains of human respiratory syncytial virus. | the contributions of type i interferons (ifns) to the in vitro attenuation of three temperature-sensitive (ts) subgroup a and one subgroup b deletion mutant rsv strains were evaluated. the ability of these vaccine viruses to induce ifns at their permissive and restrictive temperatures and their sensitivity to the antiviral effects of exogenous i ifns were tested in human lung epithelial a549 cells. our results show that the highly attenuated and immunogenic subgroup a vaccine strain ts1c produce ... | 2000 | 10860892 |
| the fusion glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus facilitates virus attachment and infectivity via an interaction with cellular heparan sulfate. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) f glycoprotein (rsv-f) can independently interact with immobilized heparin and facilitate both attachment to and infection of cells via an interaction with cellular heparan sulfate. rsv-glycosaminoglycan (gag) interactions were evaluated using heparin-agarose affinity chromatography. rsv-f from a2- and b1/cp-52 (cp-52)-infected cell lysates, rsv-f derived from a recombinant vaccinia virus, and affinity-purified f protein all bound to and were specifically ... | 2000 | 10864656 |
| therapy for respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common viral cause of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in infancy and young children. no effective treatment for rsv lower respiratory tract infection (rsv-lrti) exists. ribavirin initially proved to be an effective anti-viral drug for rsv-ltri. however, subsequently performed trials could not reproduce these positive results and, based on the current available evidence, there is no place for ribavirin in the routine treatment of rsv-ltri. th ... | 2000 | 10867842 |
| treatment and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | this review discusses the current knowledge on treatment and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in children. unfortunately, an effective therapy is not yet available. the efficacy of corticosteroids and bronchodilators has not yet been adequately documented and the use of ribavirin is only indicated in a highly selected group of high risk patients with t-cell immunodeficiency. the results of studies on the efficacy of vitamin a, interferon and antibiotics showed disappoin ... | 2000 | 10867843 |
| electron microscopy of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein and complexes that it forms with monoclonal antibodies. | full-length fusion (f) glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and a truncated anchorless mutant lacking the c-terminal 50 amino acids were expressed from vaccinia recombinants and purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and sucrose gradient centrifugation. electron microscopy of full-length f protein in the absence of detergents revealed micelles, (i.e., rosettes) containing two distinct types of protein rods, one cone-shaped and the other lollipop-shaped. analysis of membran ... | 2000 | 10814577 |
| cd40 ligand (cd154) enhances the th1 and antibody responses to respiratory syncytial virus in the balb/c mouse. | cd40 ligand (cd40l) is a cell surface costimulatory molecule expressed mainly by activated t cells. cd40l is critically important for t-b cell and t cell-dendritic cell interactions. cd40l expression promotes th1 cytokine responses to protein ags and is responsible for ig isotype switching in b cells. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important pathogen of young children and the elderly, which causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia. studies of mice infected with rsv suggest that a th2 cytokine ... | 2000 | 10820273 |
| requirement of a novel upstream response element in respiratory syncytial virus-induced il-8 gene expression. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) produces intense pulmonary inflammation, in part, through its ability to induce chemokine synthesis in infected airway epithelial cells. in this study, we compare mechanisms for induction of the cxc chemokine il-8, in human type ii alveolar (a549) cells by rsv infection and by stimulation with the cytokine tnf. promoter deletion and mutagenesis experiments indicate that although the region from -99 to -54 nt is sufficient for tnf-induced il-8 transcription, this ... | 2000 | 10820277 |
| role of viruses in the pathogenesis of acute otitis media. | to date there is ample evidence suggesting a crucial role for respiratory viruses in the pathogenesis of aom. respiratory viral infection appears to initiate the cascade of events that finally leads to development of aom (fig. 1). the pathogenesis of aom is complicated, involving a network of factors, some probably not yet identified, which affect each other in a time-dependent manner. increased knowledge of the detailed mechanisms of viral infection, the host inflammatory response during uri an ... | 2000 | 10821468 |
| genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of the g protein of subgroups a and b of respiratory syncytial viruses isolated over 9 consecutive epidemics in korea. | to study genetic variation and molecular epidemiology of the g protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), 253 strains from a children's hospital in korea over 9 consecutive epidemics were analyzed. restriction analysis of the entire g protein gene demonstrated 24 genotypes among 188 subgroup a and 6 among 65 subgroup b isolates. two to 4 dominant genotypes of subgroup a cocirculated, and different genotypes predominated in each epidemic. predominant genotypes were replaced with new genotypes ... | 2000 | 10823752 |
| serum neutralizing antibody titers of seropositive chimpanzees immunized with vaccines coformulated with natural fusion and attachment proteins of respiratory syncytial virus. | subunit vaccines formulated with purified fusion proteins from the a2 (pfp-2) or attenuated 248/404 (pfp-3) strains of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were evaluated, either alone or in combination with native attachment (g) protein, for their ability to augment serum neutralizing antibody titers in seropositive chimpanzees. the results suggested that combination vaccines enhanced serum neutralizing antibody titers against both laboratory strains and clinical isolates of rsv. when compared wit ... | 2000 | 10823781 |
| monocyte interleukin-12 production is inversely related to duration of respiratory failure in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | the correlation of clinical and immunological parameters with the duration of respiratory failure was investigated to identify factors determining the clinical outcome of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis necessitating mechanical ventilation. at initiation of mechanical ventilation in 30 patients with rsv, production of interleukin (il)-12 and il-10 was measured in 48-h peripheral blood cell cultures that were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma. the ventilation ... | 2000 | 10823782 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: recent progress towards the discovery of effective prophylactic and therapeutic agents. | although respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was discovered in 1955, the burden associated with this infectious agent on all population groups is only now beginning to be fully appreciated. the successful launch of the humanized monoclonal antibody synagis (developed by medimmune, gaithersburg, md, usa), as a prophylactic in september 1998 has helped to heighten awareness of the extent of mortality and morbidity associated with annual rsv epidemics. small, drug-like molecules that would provide th ... | 2000 | 10825730 |
| assessment of bronchodilator responsiveness in infants with bronchiolitis. a comparison of the tidal and the raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression technique. | whether bronchodilators should be used for the treatment of infants with bronchiolitis is subject to debate, partly because of the low sensitivity of the methods for assessing lung function changes in infants. in the present study, we compared the recently introduced raised volume (rvrtc) with the conventional end-tidal rapid thoracoabdominal compression (etrtc) technique in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis. in 17 infants lung function was assessed by both methods, at baseline values and a ... | 2000 | 10712319 |
| what determines asthma phenotype? respiratory infections and asthma. | 2000 | 10712377 | |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus-specific ige is associated with interleukin-2 and -4, and interferon-gamma expression in pulmonary lymph of experimentally infected calves. | to study the local immune response of calves to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection with emphasis on ige production and cytokine gene expression in pulmonary lymph. | 2000 | 10714521 |
| different expression of icam-1 and lfa-1 alpha by peripheral leukocytes during respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus infection in young children. | we compared the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (icam)-1 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen (lfa)-1 alpha (alpha) on the surfaces of peripheral immunocompetent cells of young children infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus. flow cytometric analysis revealed a significantly higher percentage of cd14 + monocytes/macrophages that were strongly icam-1-positive in the influenza group than in age-matched controls, whereas the icam-1 expression levels ... | 2000 | 10716070 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection induces expression of the anti-apoptosis gene iex-1l in human respiratory epithelial cells. | by means of differential display reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, increased expression of the mrna encoding the anti-apoptosis gene iex-1l was found in respiratory epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). iex-1l mrna expression increased 5-7-fold in rsv-infected cells at 72 h after infection but remained unchanged in cells exposed to irradiated, replication-incompetent rsv. because iex-1l is reported to protect cells from apoptosis induced by tumor necros ... | 2000 | 10720500 |
| broad-spectrum antiviral activity of the imp dehydrogenase inhibitor vx-497: a comparison with ribavirin and demonstration of antiviral additivity with alpha interferon. | the enzyme imp dehydrogenase (impdh) catalyzes an essential step in the de novo biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides, namely, the conversion of imp to xmp. the major event occurring in cells exposed to competitive impdh inhibitors such as ribavirin or uncompetitive inhibitors such as mycophenolic acid (mpa) is a depletion of the intracellular gtp and dgtp pools. ribavirin is approved as an inhaled antiviral agent for treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and orally, in combinat ... | 2000 | 10722482 |
| plasmid dna encoding the respiratory syncytial virus g protein is a promising vaccine candidate. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains a major cause of severe respiratory diseases in infants, young children, and the elderly. however, development of a rsv vaccine has been hampered by the outcome of the infant trials in the 1960s with a formalin-inactivated rsv preparation. enhanced lung disease was induced by the vaccination post-rsv exposure. previous studies in mice primed with rsv g protein either formulated in adjuvants or delivered by recombinant vaccinia viruses have indicated that ... | 2000 | 10725198 |
| the c-terminal third of human respiratory syncytial virus attachment (g) protein is partially resistant to protease digestion and is glycosylated in a cell-type-specific manner. | the soluble form of the human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) attachment protein (gs) was purified from the supernatant of infected cell cultures by immunoaffinity chromatography. digestion of gs with proteases and western blot analysis identified two fragments that were partially resistant to protease degradation. reactivity with diagnostic monoclonal antibodies located these two fragments in the primary structure of the g molecule. the large fragment spanned the c-terminal third of the g pr ... | 2000 | 10725417 |
| fusion of the green fluorescent protein to amino acids 1 to 71 of bovine respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein g directs the hybrid polypeptide as a class ii membrane protein into the envelope of recombinant bovine herpesvirus-1. | it was recently shown that the class ii membrane glycoprotein g of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is integrated into the envelope of recombinant bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) virions in the correct orientation. to verify the hypothesis that the membrane anchor of brsv g might be suitable to target heterologous polypeptides into the membrane of recombinant bhv-1 particles, an open reading frame encoding a fusion protein between amino acids 1 to 71 of the brsv g glycoprotein and the gree ... | 2000 | 10725432 |
| il-4 diminishes perforin-mediated and increases fas ligand-mediated cytotoxicity in vivo. | ctl have evolved two major mechanisms for target cell killing: one mediated by perforin/granzyme secretion and the other by fas/fas ligand (l) interaction. although cytokines are integral to the development of naive ctl into cytolytic effectors, the role of cytokines on mechanisms of ctl killing is just emerging. in this study, we evaluate the effects of il-4 in fas(cd95)/fasl(cd95l)-mediated killing of fas-overexpressing target cells. recombinant vaccinia viruses (vv) were constructed to expres ... | 2000 | 10725701 |
| update: respiratory syncytial virus activity--united states, 1998-1999 season. | 2000 | 10726369 | |
| risk factors for epidemic respiratory disease in norwegian cattle herds. | an epidemic of acute respiratory disease associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) occurred during the winter and spring of 1995 in two neighbouring veterinary districts in the south-eastern part of norway. the objective of this study was to describe the time course of the outbreak associated with brsv in the cattle herds, and to determine the association between selected herd factors and the risk of experiencing a herd outbreak of acute respiratory disease. data from 431 cattle ... | 2000 | 10727746 |
| viral pneumonias. epidemic respiratory viruses. | influenza, respiratory syncytial, and parainfluenza viruses usually cause mild, self-limited illness in adults. however, elderly and immunocompromised persons are at increased risk for development of severe pneumonia. clinical and radiographic features of epidemic viral pneumonias are often nonspecific. newer and faster methods of viral culture and viral antigen detection have improved the capability for definitive diagnosis in recent years. preventive measures for influenza virus pneumonia cent ... | 2000 | 10728134 |
| caffeine in the treatment of apnea associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in neonates and infants. | the xanthines have been shown to be effective in the treatment of apnea of prematurity. limited reports are available in the literature concerning the use of these agents with apnea related to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. | 2000 | 10728517 |
| the interaction of neutrophils with respiratory epithelial cells in viral infection. | viral respiratory infection is very common. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects almost all children during the first 2 years of life. respiratory syncytial virus is the most frequent cause of bronchiolitis, which is strongly linked with asthma. however, the pathophysiology of rsv bronchiolitis is unclear. neutrophils are the predominant airway leucocytes in rsv bronchiolitis and other viral infections. neutrophils and their products are likely to play an important role in viral infection. ... | 2000 | 10728725 |
| cd4(+) t-cell-mediated antiviral protection of the upper respiratory tract in balb/c mice following parenteral immunization with a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus g protein fragment. | we analyzed the protective mechanisms induced against respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a (rsv-a) infection in the lower and upper respiratory tracts (lrt and urt) of balb/c mice after intraperitoneal immunization with a recombinant fusion protein incorporating residues 130 to 230 of rsv-a g protein (bbg2na). mother-to-offspring antibody (ab) transfer and adoptive transfer of bbg2na-primed b cells into scid mice demonstrated that abs are important for lrt protection but have no effect on urt ... | 2000 | 10729118 |
| rapid detection of respiratory viruses by centrifugation enhanced cultures from children with acute lower respiratory tract infections. | acute respiratory tract infection (ari) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children in developing countries. information on viral aetiology in ari in india is very limited. | 2000 | 10680739 |
| purification of respiratory syncytial virus f and g proteins. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections of infants in industrial nations. in addition, the participation of rsv in the genesis of asthma is under discussion. the rsv glycoproteins f and g have key positions in the viral pathogenesis. at present no satisfactory protein purification protocols are available for these proteins. the methods published for the g protein using preparative sds-page or immunoaffinity chromatography yield o ... | 2000 | 10681046 |
| evaluation of the antibody specificities of human convalescent-phase sera against the attachment (g) protein of human respiratory syncytial virus: influence of strain variation and carbohydrate side chains. | the c-terminal third of the attachment protein (g) of several human respiratory syncytial virus isolates was obtained as either a glycosylated protease-resistant fragment of the purified protein or a nonglycosylated gst fusion protein expressed in bacteria. the reactivity of human convalescent-phase sera with both forms of the protein segment was evaluated in immunoblots. while all serum samples reacted with the mature intact protein of the different isolates, only certain samples reacted with t ... | 2000 | 10686032 |
| right lung agenesis with left pulmonary artery sling. | we report on a 2-month-old infant girl who had right pulmonary agenesis and an unusual course of the left pulmonary artery. computed tomography and cardiac catheterization showed that the left pulmonary artery arose from the main pulmonary artery, crossing the midline, and reaching the left lung via an aberrant course between the esophagus and trachea. the coexistence of right pulmonary agenesis and left pulmonary sling is extremely rare. unlike in other reports, our patient remained symptom-fre ... | 2000 | 10686046 |
| [will we ever say no? for example to the rsv prophylaxis?]. | 2000 | 10687354 | |
| viral and bacterial infections in the development and progression of asthma. | viral respiratory infections produce wheezing illnesses in patients of all ages. in infancy, infections with respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus are the major cause of bronchiolitis and croup, whereas infections with common cold viruses such as rhinoviruses are the principal triggers for wheezing in older children and adults with asthma. in addition to causing increased wheezing in asthma, there is mounting evidence that infections early in childhood can affect the development of ... | 2000 | 10669531 |
| the relevance of allergen exposure to the development of asthma in childhood. | sensitization to 1 or more of the common indoor allergens has been consistently associated with asthma among children and young adults (odds ratios for asthma, 3-18). for dust mite and cockroach allergens, there is a dose response relationship between domestic exposure and sensitization. given that allergen provocation can induce many of the features of asthma, the findings strongly suggest that there is a causal relationship between allergen exposure in the home and asthma. however, it remains ... | 2000 | 10669532 |
| respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin treatment of lower respiratory tract infection in pediatric patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation - a compassionate use experience. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia in bmt recipients carries a mortality rate of approximately 50-70% despite ribavirin (virazole) treatment. in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised animal models, rsv neutralizing antibodies rapidly reduce pulmonary virus load after a single dose. rsv-igiv (respigam) is an igg immune globulin with high concentrations of rsv neutralizing antibody (>19 200 mu/ml). from june 1991 to february 1996, a compassionate-use protocol using rsv-igiv for treat ... | 2000 | 10673674 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) immune globulin and palivizumab for prevention of rsv infection. | the efficacy, safety, administration, and advantages and disadvantages of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) immune globulin and palivizumab for preventing rsv infection are discussed. prevention of rsv infection has attracted considerable attention because of its dinical and economic impact. studies have shown respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin intravenous (rsv-igiv) and palivizumab to be effective in decreasing the number of hospitalizations and hospital days attributable to rsv. the n ... | 2000 | 10674778 |
| prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus in premature infants. | 2000 | 10675148 | |
| regulated but not constitutive human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) p protein phosphorylation is essential for oligomerization. | purified human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) p phosphoprotein from transfected hep-2 cells is able to oligomerize forming tetramers. the bulk of constitutive p protein phosphorylation (99. 8%) (serine residues 116, 117, 119, 232 and 237) can be removed without affecting protein oligomerization. however, dephosphorylated p protein, produced in bacteria, is unable to oligomerize. this difference can be explained by a transient p protein phosphorylation, detected in hep-2 cells, that could be ... | 2000 | 10675554 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus infections and preventive options]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most prominent pathogen found in respiratory tract infections in children and the most important cause of bronchiolitis in the first two years of life. in the netherlands approximately 2000 children are admitted each winter season. a serious course is mostly seen in children younger than 3 months, (ex-)prematures, children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia or congenital cardiac anomalies, children with cystic fibrosis younger then 2 years and children with ... | 2000 | 10665299 |
| [low incidence of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections among children younger than 12 months in the department of pediatrics, sophia children's hospital at rotterdam]. | to investigate the occurrence of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections and to compare their clinical features with those of community-acquired rsv infections. | 2000 | 10665300 |
| synthesis and characterization of respiratory syncytial virus protein g related peptides containing two disulfide bridges. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia in infants and young children. approximately 100000 children are hospitalized in the usa each year as a result of rsv infections. during the research and development of subunit human respiratory syncytial virus vaccines (hrsv), we have produced numerous synthetic peptides and recombinant proteins containing the four cysteines of the highly conserved central region of the g attachment protein. for s ... | 2000 | 10667858 |
| simulfluor respiratory screen for rapid detection of multiple respiratory viruses in clinical specimens by immunofluorescence staining. | a new rapid direct immunofluorescence assay (dfa) respiratory screen reagent for detection of seven common respiratory viruses (respiratory syncytial virus [rsv], influenza a and b viruses, parainfluenza virus types 1 to 3, and adenovirus) was compared with standard single or dual dfa reagents and culture. in total, 1,531 respiratory samples were adequate for testing with both simulfluor respiratory screen (rs) reagent (chemicon international, temecula, calif.) and single or dual dfa reagents. t ... | 2000 | 10655371 |
| impact of respiratory virus infections on persons with chronic underlying conditions. | while hospitalization rates have declined overall, hospitalizations for acute lower respiratory tract infections have increased steadily since 1980. development of new approaches for prevention of acute respiratory tract conditions requires studies of the etiologies of infections and quantification of the risk of hospitalization for vulnerable patients. | 2000 | 10659876 |
| activation of erk2 by respiratory syncytial virus in a549 cells is linked to the production of interleukin 8. | the airway inflammation that results from respiratory syncytial virus infection is associated with a marked increase in interleukin 8 and neutrophils in the infected sites of the lung. in this study, the relationship between production of interleukin 8, infection of a549 cells by the virus, and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) was investigated. infection of a549 cells by the virus caused an increase on the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (erk2) by about ... | 2000 | 10660833 |
| the bulk of the phosphorylation of human respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein is not essential but modulates viral rna transcription and replication. | the ability of variants of the human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) phosphoprotein (p protein) to support rna transcription and replication has been studied by using hrsv-based subgenomic replicons. the serine residues normally phosphorylated in p during hrsv infection have been replaced by other residues. the results indicate that the bulk of phosphorylation of p (98%) is not essential for viral rna transcription or replication but that phosphorylation can modulate these processes. | 2000 | 10640550 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to assess respiratory syncytial virus concentration and correlate results with inflammatory mediators in tracheal secretions. | we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the quantitation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in respiratory secretions in intubated patients infected with rsv. | 2000 | 10643842 |
| bronchiolitis-associated hospitalizations among american indian and alaska native children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illness among infants and young children. respiratory system diseases account for a large proportion of hospitalizations in american indian and alaska native (ai/an) children; however, aggregate estimates of rsv-associated hospitalizations among ai/an children have not been made. | 2000 | 10643844 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection and g and/or sh protein expression contribute to substance p, which mediates inflammation and enhanced pulmonary disease in balb/c mice. | a distinct clinical presentation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection of humans is bronchiolitis, which has clinical features similar to those of asthma. substance p (sp), a tachykinin neuropeptide, has been associated with neurogenic inflammation and asthma; therefore, we chose to examine sp-induced inflammation with rsv infection. in this study, we examined the production of pulmonary sp associated with rsv infection of balb/c mice and the effect of anti-sp f(ab)(2) antibodies on the ... | 2000 | 10644330 |
| randomised placebo controlled trial of nebulised corticosteroids in acute respiratory syncytial viral bronchiolitis. | to evaluate short and long term effects of giving nebulised budesonide early in respiratory syncytial viral (rsv) bronchiolitis. | 2000 | 10648365 |
| influenza and the rates of hospitalization for respiratory disease among infants and young children. | young children may be at increased risk for serious complications from influenzavirus infection. however, in population-based studies it has been difficult to separate the effects of influenzavirus from those of respiratory syncytial virus. respiratory syncytial virus often circulates with influenzaviruses and is the most frequent cause of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. we studied the rates of hospitalization for acute respiratory-disease am ... | 2000 | 10648764 |
| is it time to give influenza vaccine to healthy infants? | 2000 | 10648771 | |
| control of an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in immunocompromised adults. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is increasingly recognized as an important pathogen in immunocompromised adults, particularly those receiving bone marrow transplants, and, given the ease with which it spreads, represents a significant nosocomial problem. we describe an outbreak of rsv infection involving eight patients on a haematology/oncology ward which was controlled by early screening of patients and staff. positive patients were cohort nursed on a separate ward and basic infection control ... | 2000 | 10633054 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and premature infants born at 32 weeks' gestation or earlier: hospitalization and economic implications of prophylaxis. | to assess the risk of hospitalization associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and to estimate the economic impact of rsv prophylaxis with either rsv immune globulin (rsv-ig) or rsv monoclonal antibody (palivizumab) on a cohort of preterm infants born at 32 weeks' gestation or earlier. | 2000 | 10632251 |
| profilin is required for optimal actin-dependent transcription of respiratory syncytial virus genome rna. | transcription of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) genome rna exhibited an obligatory need for the host cytoskeletal protein actin. optimal transcription, however, required the participation of another cellular protein that was characterized as profilin by a number of criteria. the amino acid sequence of the protein, purified on the basis of its transcription-optimizing activity in vitro, exactly matched that of profilin. rsv transcription was inhibited 60 to 80% by antiprofilin antibody o ... | 2000 | 10623728 |
| respiratory syncytial virus genetic and antigenic diversity. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of viral lower respiratory tract infections among infants and young children in both developing and developed countries. there are two major antigenic groups of rsv, a and b, and additional antigenic variability occurs within the groups. the most extensive antigenic and genetic diversity is found in the attachment glycoprotein, g. during individual epidemic periods, viruses of both antigenic groups may cocirculate or viruses of one group may pre ... | 2000 | 10627488 |
| chimeric bovine respiratory syncytial virus with glycoprotein gene substitutions from human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv): effects on host range and evaluation as a live-attenuated hrsv vaccine. | we recently developed a system for the generation of infectious bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) from cdna. here, we report the recovery of fully viable chimeric recombinant brsvs (rbrsvs) that carry human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) glycoproteins in place of their brsv counterparts, thus combining the replication machinery of brsv with the major antigenic determinants of hrsv. a cdna encoding the brsv antigenome was modified so that the complete g and f genes, including the gene ... | 2000 | 10627529 |
| alterations in apoptosis of cord and adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by in vitro infection with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a major cause of morbidity in children, results in severe lower respiratory tract infections. with an in vitro infection system of isolated cord or adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells, addition of virus to cell cultures resulted in significant reductions in cell deaths, as measured by 2 independent assays: quantitation of cells with subdiploid levels of dna and cells with dna strand breaks. decreased cell death was observed in lymphocytes and monocytes of ... | 2000 | 10608787 |
| eosinophilia at the time of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis predicts childhood reactive airway disease. | bronchiolitis in infancy is viewed as a risk factor for childhood asthma, but factors predicting which infants will have persistent wheezing have not been identified. in addition, the nature of the association between the 2 conditions is uncertain. we wished to determine whether eosinophil counts at the time of acute bronchiolitis predicted the presence of wheezing in later childhood. | 2000 | 10617708 |
| mink lung cells and mixed mink lung and a549 cells for rapid detection of influenza virus and other respiratory viruses. | mink lung cells were more sensitive than the commonly used mdck or prhmk cells for rapid detection of influenza virus a from clinical specimens. mixed mv1lu and a549 cells in a single shell vial were synergistic for detection of influenza virus a and were as sensitive as individual cells for detection of other respiratory viruses. | 2000 | 10618131 |
| primary respiratory syncytial virus infection: pathology, immune response, and evaluation of vaccine challenge strains in a new mouse model. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the primary cause of lower respiratory tract illness in young children. vaccine development has been hampered by the experience of the formalin-inactivated vaccine tested in the 1960's. currently, several vaccine candidates are under development and immune response to these candidate vaccines must be evaluated closely. we introduce a novel low-dose murine model of rsv infection and a new pathologic scoring system for the resultant pulmonary disease. we have a ... | 2000 | 10618539 |
| the cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in the elderly. | to determine if specific levels of vaccine cost and effectiveness exist that would support eventual respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine use in the elderly, a cost-effectiveness study was conducted comparing yearly administration of a hypothetical rsv vaccine among the 65-year-old us cohort to medical management of disease. using base case assumptions - including a vaccine effectiveness against rsv-related hospitalization and death of 80% and a vaccine cost of us$33 - vaccine would result i ... | 2000 | 10618546 |
| a rhoa-derived peptide inhibits syncytium formation induced by respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3. | the fusion glycoproteins of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza virus type-3 (piv-3) mediate virus entry and syncytium formation. interaction between the fusion protein of rsv and rhoa, a small gtpase, facilitates virus-induced syncytium formation. we show here a rhoa-derived peptide inhibits rsv and syncytium formation induced by rsv and piv-3, both in vitro by inhibition of cell-to-cell fusion and in vivo by reduction of peak titer by 2 log10 in rsv-infected mice. t ... | 2000 | 10613821 |
| use of monoclonal antibodies for rapid diagnosis of respiratory viruses in a community hospital. | an indirect fluorescence antibody (ifa) procedure was used for the rapid detection of respiratory viruses in direct clinical specimens and for determining the epidemiology of viruses in a community hospital setting. viral respiratory diseases were monitored for 10 consecutive respiratory seasons. the bartels viral respiratory screening and identification kit is an ifa method that contains pooled and individual monoclonal antibodies for seven common respiratory viruses. compared with 8,670 conven ... | 2000 | 10799452 |
| bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary complications of bone marrow transplant patients. | bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) has proved valuable in the diagnosis of pulmonary complications in immunosuppressed patients. we evaluated the diagnostic yield of bal in pulmonary complications in bone marrow transplantation (bmt) recipients. we reviewed sequentially the records of 89 patients during an 18-month period. bal was diagnostic in 42 patients (47%). the most common pulmonary complication diagnosed by bal was diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (n = 15); followed by bacterial pneumonia (n = 10), ... | 2000 | 10800066 |
| the pharmacologic mechanism by which inhaled epinephrine reduces airway obstruction in respiratory syncytial virus-associated bronchiolitis. | inhaled racemic epinephrine relieves airway obstruction in patients with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. the contribution of alpha- versus beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation toward this clinical effect is unknown. we describe an infant treated with propranolol for supraventricular tachycardia in whom respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis developed. inhaled racemic epinephrine improved his respiratory symptoms, whereas nebulized albuterol did not. | 2000 | 10802508 |
| subcritical endemic steady states in mathematical models for animal infections with incomplete immunity. | many classical mathematical models for animal infections assume that all infected animals transmit the infection at the same rate, all are equally susceptible, and the course of the infection is the same in all animals. however for some infections there is evidence that seropositives may still transmit the infection, albeit at a lower rate. animals can also experience more than one episode of the infection although those who have already experienced it have a partial immune resistance. animals w ... | 2000 | 10804257 |
| the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to acute bronchiolitis in hospitalized children in israel: a nationwide survey. | bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus is one of the major causes of hospitalization in young children, especially during the winter. recent evidence has shown that pharmacological treatment, especially nebulized epinephrine, in addition to the traditional supportive treatment, can alleviate symptoms and shorten hospitalization, but this approach is not yet widespread. | 2000 | 10804929 |
| respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy is an important risk factor for asthma and allergy at age 7. | we previously reported an increased risk for bronchial obstructive disease and allergic sensitization up to age 3 in 47 children hospitalized with a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infancy compared with 93 matched control subjects recruited during infancy. the aims of the present study were to evaluate the occurrences of bronchial obstructive disease and allergic sensitization in these children at age 7(1)/ (2). all 140 children reported for the follow-up, which included physi ... | 2000 | 10806145 |
| monocyte il-10 production during respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis is associated with recurrent wheezing in a one-year follow-up study. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is associated with subsequent recurrent wheezing episodes. to determine whether cytokine responses during infection can be of predictive value for the development of recurrent wheezing, we performed a follow-up study in 50 hospitalized children with rsv bronchiolitis. monocyte and lymphocyte cytokine responses in vitro were studied during the acute phase of disease, and again during the convalescent phase, 3 to 4 wk later. monocyte cytokine respons ... | 2000 | 10806148 |
| ct manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus infection in lung transplant recipients. | the purpose of our study was to evaluate ct findings during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in lung transplant recipients and to identify sequelae. | 2000 | 10752884 |
| pulmonary eosinophilia and production of mip-1alpha are prominent responses to infection with pneumonia virus of mice. | human eosinophils secrete two distinct ribonucleases that have antiviral activity against pathogens of the family paramyxoviridae. to examine the role of eosinophils and their ribonucleases in host defense against paramyxovirus pathogens in vivo, we have developed a mouse model involving a viral pathogen that naturally targets a rodent host. in this work we describe infection of balb/c mice with pneumonia virus of mice (pvm, strain j3666), a paramyxovirus pathogen found frequently among rodent p ... | 2000 | 10753501 |
| paramyxoviridae use distinct virus-specific mechanisms to circumvent the interferon response. | stat1 and stat2 are cellular transcription factors involved in interferon (ifn) signaling and are thus critical for the ifn-induced antiviral state. we have previously shown that the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) blocks both type i and type ii interferon (ifn) signaling by targeting stat1 for proteasome-mediated degradation. to determine whether this is a feature common to all paramyxoviridae, we examined the abilities of sv5, sendai virus (sev), human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and ... | 2000 | 10753717 |
| surfactant function affected by airway inflammation and cooling: possible impact on exercise-induced asthma. | pulmonary surfactant maintains patency of narrow conducting airways. an inflammation, with a leakage of plasma proteins into the airway lumen, causes surfactant to lose some of this ability. will a lowering of temperature aggravate the deteriorating effect of an inflammation? calf lung surfactant extract (clse) with proteins added was studied with a capillary surfactometer (cs) at temperatures of 25-42 degrees c. balb/c mice were infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). six days later th ... | 2000 | 10759448 |
| influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. update on infection, management, and prevention. | this article is an overview of the epidemiology and spectrum of clinical disease attributed to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in children. it separately discusses the pathogenesis of the two diseases and the host responses to the viruses to emphasize each infection's significance and need for a vaccine. updates on current preventive measures and a preview of potential future vaccine developments are presented. | 2000 | 10761508 |
| a step ahead. infant protection through maternal immunization. | the concept of maternal immunization to prevent infectious diseases during a period of increased vulnerability in infants is not new and is supported by historical experience and carefully conducted studies of various viral and bacterial vaccines. candidate vaccines should be minimally reactogenic, immunogenic, and safe for maternal immunization to be considered as a disease prevention strategy. the possibilities increase as more potential candidate vaccines for use during pregnancy become avail ... | 2000 | 10761514 |
| economic disadvantages of palivizumab. | 2000 | 10766708 | |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretions by 24-well plate precentrifugation assay using a monoclonal antibody against f protein. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is responsible for 50% of all bronchiolitis and 25% of pneumonia cases during the first month of life. detection of the rsv antigen by immunofluorescence in exfoliated nasal epithelium or by other methods in nasopharyngeal swabs is useful in the potentially infected patient because results are available within a few hours. in contrast, rsv antigen detection in cell culture may require as much as 3 weeks. | 2000 | 10767488 |
| prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus in premature infants. impact-rsv study group. | 2000 | 10768456 | |
| use of cotton rats to evaluate the efficacy of antivirals in treatment of measles virus infections. | no practical animal models for the testing of chemotherapeutic or biologic agents identified in cell culture assays as being active against measles virus (mv) are currently available. cotton rats may serve this purpose. to evaluate this possibility, 5-ethynyl-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (eicar) and poly(acrylamidomethyl propanesulfonate) (pamps), two compounds that have been reported to inhibit mv in vitro, and ribavirin, an established antiviral drug with mv-inhibitory activit ... | 2000 | 10770743 |