Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| mechanism of reduced t-cell effector functions and class-switched antibody responses to herpes simplex virus type 2 in the absence of b7 costimulation. | t-cell costimulation molecules b7-1 and b7-2 play an important role in activation of t cells to cytolytic effector function and production of cytokines. interaction with b7 also causes t cells to upregulate surface molecules, such as cd40l, that effectively stimulate antibody responses in conjunction with cytokines. we have shown that mice lacking both b7-1 and b7-2 (b7ko mice), when infected intravaginally with virulent herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), developed more severe disease and high ... | 2003 | 12551980 |
| synthesis of novel apionucleosides: a short and concise synthesis of 2-deoxyapio-l-furanosyl acetate from d-lactose. | a series of 2'-deoxyapio-l-furanosyl pyrimidine nucleosides were efficiently synthesized starting from d-lactose via condensation of lactitor acetates with silylated pyrimidine bases under standard vorbrüggen conditions. their structures were determined by 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy. all the synthesized nucleosides were assayed against several viruses such as hiv-1, hbv, hsv-1, hsv-2, and hcmv. however, none of these compounds had any significant antiviral activity at concentrations up to 100 mi ... | 2003 | 12668089 |
| co-immunization with plasmids coding the full length and a soluble form of glycoprotein d of hsv-2 induces protective cellular and humoral immune response in mice. | at present, the significance of antibody for protection of the female genital tract against infection with hsv-2 remains controversial. in the present study, the ability of a dna vaccine encoding different forms of glycoprotein d (gd) of herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) to induce simultaneously cellular and humoral responses was evaluated. mice immunized with a plasmid encoding full length gd (pgd) developed a strong cellular immune response but weak antibody titers in serum and vaginal washings. ... | 2003 | 12559804 |
| time course of seroconversion by herpeselect elisa after acquisition of genital herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) or hsv-2. | herpeselect hsv-1 and hsv-2 elisas are glycoprotein g-based, type-specific antibody detection tests that are approved by the us food and drug administration for diagnosis of genital herpes. | 2003 | 12671550 |
| incidence and prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in persons seeking repeat hiv counseling and testing. | voluntary hiv testing sites provide an opportunity to identify and counsel persons with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection, thereby enhancing the prevention of hsv-2 and hiv infections. goal and study design: using serologic specimens left over from hiv testing, we measured hsv-2 prevalence and incidence among persons who had repeatedly tested for hiv at anonymous counseling and testing sites in san francisco during the period october 1997 through march 2000. | 2003 | 12671554 |
| structure-activity relationships of (s,z)-2-aminopurine methylenecyclopropane analogues of nucleosides. variation of purine-6 substituents and activity against herpesviruses and hepatitis b virus. | a series of 13 new (s,z)-2-aminopurine methylenecyclopropane analogues was synthesized, and their antiviral activity was investigated. the nucleophilic displacement of chlorine of 2-amino-6-chloropurine derivative 5 with allyl-, propargyl-, cyclopropylmethyl-, isopropyl-, benzyl-, cyclohexyl-, and 2-hydroxyethylamine gave n(6)-alkyl compounds 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e,2f, and 2g. a similar reaction of 5 with allyl, cyclopropylmethyl, propyl, or pentyl alcohol catalyzed by k(2)co(3) afforded o(6)-alkyl ... | 2003 | 12672254 |
| synthesis of 3'- and 5'-nitrooxy pyrimidine nucleoside nitrate esters: "nitric oxide donor" agents for evaluation as anticancer and antiviral agents. | a group of 3'-o-nitro-2'-deoxyuridines, 3'-o-nitro-2'-deoxycytidines, and 5'-o-nitro-2'-deoxyuridines possessing a variety of substituents (h, me, f, i) at the c-5 position were synthesized for evaluation as anticancer/antiviral agents that have the ability to concomitantly release cytotoxic nitric oxide (*no). although these compounds generally released a greater percent of *no than the reference drug isosorbide dinitrate upon incubation in the presence of l-cysteine, or serum, their cytotoxici ... | 2003 | 12620076 |
| viral and bacterial dna in carotid atherosclerotic lesions. | atherosclerosis is a major health problem in industrialised countries. several studies have suggested an association exists between certain microorganisms and the development of atherosclerosis. the aim of the study presented here was to assess the presence of viral or bacterial dna in carotid atherosclerotic lesions. nucleic acids were extracted from 18 carotid atherosclerotic lesions that had been collected surgically. polymerase chain reaction was used to screen for specific genomic dna from ... | 2003 | 12627283 |
| imaging of the varicella zoster virion in the viral highways: comparison with herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, pseudorabies virus, and human herpes viruses 6 and 7. | imaging by scanning electron microscopy (sem) can provide insight into viral egress. at a low magnification level, varicella zoster virions (vzv) emerge from an infected cell surface in a distinctive pattern previously described as "viral highways." viral highways consist of thousands of particles arranged in linear pathways across the syncytial surface. this egress pattern has not been described with other herpesviruses, but a systematic analysis has not been performed. therefore, the character ... | 2003 | 12627497 |
| the relationship between abuse, sexually transmitted diseases, & group b streptococcus in childbearing women. | to examine the relationship between abuse, sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and group b (gbs) infection among childbearing women using selye's (1978) stress response theory. | 2003 | 12629316 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 acute retinal necrosis in an immunocompetent patient. | to report a case of acute retinal necrosis caused by herpes simplex virus 2 in an otherwise healthy patient. | 2003 | 12635685 |
| mutation of the protein tyrosine kinase consensus site in the herpes simplex virus 1 alpha22 gene alters icp22 posttranslational modification. | we previously reported that at least eight hsv-1 and five hsv-2 proteins were tyrosine phosphorylated in infected human and mouse cells and the first phosphotyrosine-modified gene product identified was the icp22 regulatory protein (blaho, j. a., zong, c. s., and mortimer, k. a., 1997, j. virol. 71, 9828-9832). all electrophoretic forms of icp22 are tyrosine phosphorylated with the exception of the fastest migrating (unmodified) isoform. we now report the following. (i) icp22 that reacted with a ... | 2003 | 12504549 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 infection as a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus acquisition in men who have sex with men. | the association of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) acquisition with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) was assessed among men who have sex with men (msm) in a nested case-control study of 116 case subjects who seroconverted to hiv during follow-up and 342 control subjects who remained hiv seronegative, frequency-matched by follow-up duration and report of hiv-infected sex partner and unprotected anal sex. the baseline hsv-2 seroprevalence was higher among case (46%) than control (34%) subjec ... | 2003 | 12508142 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among bar and hotel workers in northern tanzania: prevalence and risk factors. | type-specific serological tests have allowed for a better understanding of the epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection in africa. | 2003 | 12616132 |
| mollaret's meningitis: cytopathologic analysis of fourteen cases. | mollaret's meningitis (mm) is a rare disease of benign nature characterized by recurrent episodes of aseptic meningitis. cerebrospinal fluid (csf) examination remains the sole diagnostic modality. eighteen csf samples from 14 patients were studied along with the clinical data. specimens were prepared by cytocentrifugation and millipore filtration and were stained with diff-quik and papanicolaou stains. eight patients were men and six were women, with an age range of 17-74 yr (mean age 37 yr). mo ... | 2003 | 12722116 |
| cervicovaginal neutralizing antibodies to herpes simplex virus (hsv) in women seropositive for hsv types 1 and 2. | antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 of the immunoglobulin g (igg) and iga isotypes were detected in the cervicovaginal secretions (cvs) of 77 hsv-1- and hsv-2-seropositive but clinically asymptomatic african women by type-specific enhanced chemiluminescence western blotting (ecl-wb). of the 77 subjects, 34 were hiv negative, shedding hsv-2 dna in their genital secretions; 20 were hiv positive, shedding hsv-2 dna; and 23 were hiv negative, not shedding hsv-2 dna. hsv-speci ... | 2003 | 12738636 |
| lactoferrin and lactoferricin inhibit herpes simplex 1 and 2 infection and exhibit synergy when combined with acyclovir. | lactoferrin (lf) is a multifunctional glycoprotein, which plays an important role in immune regulation and defense mechanisms against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. upon peptic digestion of lf, a peptide called lactoferricin (lfcin) is generated. lfcin corresponds to the n-terminal part of the protein. in this study we investigated the antiviral activity of bovine and human lfcin against herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1 and hsv-2. the 50% effective concentrations (ec(50)) for lf and lfcin against sev ... | 2003 | 12767468 |
| transplacental transfer and subsequent neonate utilization of herpes simplex virus-specific immunity are resilient to acute maternal stress. | neonates are severely compromised in the ability to generate an immune response to pathogens and thus rely heavily on maternally derived immunity that is acquired by transplacental and transmammary means. the passive transfer of maternal herpes simplex virus (hsv)-specific antibody is critical in determining the outcome of neonatal hsv infection. in adults, psychological stress alters immune responsiveness via the increased level of corticosterone that is produced as a result of hypothalamic-pit ... | 2003 | 12767981 |
| vaginal submucosal dendritic cells, but not langerhans cells, induce protective th1 responses to herpes simplex virus-2. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 infection occurs primarily at the genital mucosal surfaces and is a leading cause of ulcerative lesions. despite the availability of animal models for hsv-2 infection, little is known regarding the mechanism of immune induction within the vaginal mucosa. here, we examined the cell types responsible for the initiation of protective th1 immunity to hsv-2. intravaginal inoculation of hsv-2 led to a rapid recruitment of submucosal dendritic cells (dcs) to the infect ... | 2003 | 12538655 |
| [herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2]. | 2003 | 12718030 | |
| genital herpes serotesting: a study of the epidemiology and patients' knowledge and attitude among std clinic attenders in coventry, uk. | to examine the seroprevalence and correlates of antibodies to herpes simplex viruses type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2), and to assess patients' knowledge and attitude towards genital herpes infection and its serotesting, before and after counselling. | 2003 | 12576612 |
| estimating the costs and benefits of screening monogamous, heterosexual couples for unrecognised infection with herpes simplex virus type 2. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is the most common cause of ulcerative genital disease in the united states, but infection is commonly unrecognised. serological screening tests could identify discordantly infected couples and permit targeted interventions to limit hsv-2 transmission. our objective was to evaluate the projected cost effectiveness of strategies to prevent hsv-2 transmission in couples with no history of hsv-2 infection. | 2003 | 12576614 |
| progesterone increases susceptibility and decreases immune responses to genital herpes infection. | depo-provera, a long-acting progestational formulation, is widely used to facilitate infection of sexually transmitted diseases in animal models. we have previously reported that hormone treatments change susceptibility and immune responses to genital tract infections. in this study we compared the changes in susceptibility of mice to genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) after depo-provera or a saline suspension of progesterone (p-sal). we found that following depo-provera-treatment, mice ... | 2003 | 12663762 |
| comparison of std prevalences in the mwanza, rakai, and masaka trial populations: the role of selection bias and diagnostic errors. | to assess bias in estimates of std prevalence in population based surveys resulting from diagnostic error and selection bias. to evaluate the effects of such biases on std prevalence estimates from three community randomised trials of std treatment for hiv prevention in masaka and rakai, uganda and mwanza, tanzania. | 2003 | 12690128 |
| cloning and expression of the complement receptor glycoprotein c from herpesvirus simiae (herpes b virus): protection from complement-mediated cell lysis. | simian herpes b virus (shbv) is the herpes simplex virus (hsv) homologue for the species macaca: unlike in its natural host, and unlike other animal herpesviruses, shbv causes high mortality in accidentally infected humans. shbv-infected cells, like those infected with hsv-1 and equine herpesvirus types 1 and 4, express complement c3 receptor activity. to study immunoregulatory functions involved in susceptibility/resistance against interspecies transmission, the shbv glycoprotein c (gc(shbv)) g ... | 2003 | 12692273 |
| geographical variations in the prevalence of hiv and other sexually transmitted infections in rural tanzania. | the prevalence and incidence of hiv and other sexually transmitted infections (stis) were recorded in two lake-island and eight rural mainland communities in mwanza, tanzania. the prevalence and incidence of hiv and syphilis were lower on the islands, but this pattern was not seen for herpes simplex virus type-2, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, male urethritis or antenatal prevalences of trichomonas vaginalis. island men reported fewer sexual partners than mainland men but no differences were found for w ... | 2003 | 12716499 |
| enterocin crl35 inhibits late stages of hsv-1 and hsv-2 replication in vitro. | the replication of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 and 2 in vero cells is inhibited in the presence of enterocin crl35 (ecrl), a bacteriocin produced by enterococcus faecium crl35. attempts to resolve the mode of action of ecrl indicate that virus adsorption and penetration are not affected. instead, a late step of virus multiplication is hindered since the addition of 100 microg/ml of ecrl at 8h post infection still causes a 90% inhibition of virus release. the effect of ecrl on hsv antigen e ... | 2003 | 12719003 |
| an hsv-1 chimeric containing hsv-2 latency associated transcript (lat) sequences has significantly reduced adrenergic reactivation in the rabbit eye model. | both hsv-1 and hsv-2 express lat during viral latency. previous studies indicated that deletion of either lat impairs viral reactivation from latency, but that the hsv-1 lat confers the ability to reactivate efficiently from trigeminal ganglia onto hsv-2. we sought to determine whether the hsv-2 lat could function in the context of hsv-1. | 2003 | 12815550 |
| anti-herpesvirus activity of an extract of ribes nigrum l. | an extract of ribes nigrum l., known as blackcurrant in europe and kurokarin(r) in japan, has been used as an ingredient in a variety of foods and folk medicine. in this study, the anti-herpesvirus activity of this extract was examined in vitro. the extract inhibited herpes simplex virus type 1 attachment on the cell membrane completely at a 100-fold dilution, as well as the plaque formation of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and varicella-zoster virus by 50% at a 400-fold dilution or lower ... | 2003 | 12820226 |
| in vitro activities of benzimidazole d- and l-ribonucleosides against herpesviruses. | herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6), and human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) are responsible for a number of clinical manifestations in both normal and immunocompromised individuals. the parent benzimidazole ribonucleosides evaluated in this series, 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole (bdcrb) and maribavir (1263w94), are potent and selective inhibitors of hu ... | 2003 | 12821466 |
| sequence and genetic arrangement of the ul region of the monkey b virus (cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) genome and comparison with the ul region of other primate herpesviruses. | the complete dna sequence of the unique long (u(l)) region of monkey b virus (bv) was determined. based on sequence homology and the presence of transcriptional control element motifs, homologues of every open reading frame present in the u(l) region of the human herpesvirus 1 (herpes simplex virus 1, hsv-1) and human herpesvirus 2 (herpes simplex virus 2, hsv-2) genomes were identified in bv. the bv genes are arranged in the same order and orientation as in hsv. these results demonstrate that t ... | 2003 | 12721804 |
| how does herpes simplex virus type 2 influence human immunodeficiency virus infection and pathogenesis? | 2003 | 12721930 | |
| binding of a n,n'-bisheteryl derivative of dispirotripiperazine to heparan sulfate residues on the cell surface specifically prevents infection of viruses from different families. | n,n'-bisheteryl derivatives of dispirotripiperazine (dstp) are a novel class of antiviral compounds with some of their representatives very effectively inhibiting the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) in cell culture. using one representative of these compounds, the n,n'-bis(1-oxido[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3,12-diaza-6,9-diazonia(5,2,5,2)dispirohexadecane dichloride (dstp 27), we here further tried to elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the antivira ... | 2003 | 12832211 |
| acute retinal necrosis following epidural steroid injections. | to report a side effect of epidural corticosteroid injections for back pain. | 2003 | 12834695 |
| in vitro antiviral activities of caesalpinia pulcherrima and its related flavonoids. | the aim of this study was to search for new antiviral agents from chinese herbal medicine. pure flavonoids and aqueous extracts of caesalpinia pulcherrima swartz were used in experiments to test their influence on a series of viruses, namely herpesviruses (hsv-1, hsv-2) and adenoviruses (adv-3, adv-8, adv-11). the ec50 was defined as the concentration required to achieve 50% protection against virus-induced cytopathic effects, and the selectivity index (si) was determined as the ratio of cc50 (c ... | 2003 | 12837746 |
| recent herpes simplex virus type 2 infection and the risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 acquisition in india. | to estimate the impact of prevalent and incident herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection on the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), stored serum samples from a cohort of 2732 hiv-1-seronegative patients attending 3 sexually transmitted infection clinics and 1 reproductive tract infection clinic in pune, india, were screened for hsv-2-specific antibodies. incident hsv-2 infection was defined serologically as "recent" if a negative result of testing for hsv-2 could be ... | 2003 | 12721931 |
| [antiviral and anti-stress activity of the gamma-l-glutamyl-histamine and its derivatives]. | effect of gamma-l-glutamylhistamine gamma-l-glu-ha and some of its derivatives on the state of nonspecific resistance and antiviral activity was studied using experimental models of influenza virus and herpes simplex virus infections. activities of natural killer (nk) cells and interferon (ifn) system were measured. the model of physical-emotional stress in mice was used. it was shown that the gamma-l-glu-ha derivative ii can prevent totally or substantially a decrease in the nk activity. this a ... | 2003 | 12608061 |
| stress as a predictor of symptomatic genital herpes virus recurrence in women with human immunodeficiency virus. | genital herpes (herpes simplex virus type 2, hsv-2) is a significant public health problem for hiv+ women, who have high rates of hsv-2 seropositivity and elevated risk for hsv-2 associated morbidity and mortality. life stress has been identified as a co-factor in genital herpes recurrence. however, no research has evaluated the relationship between stress and genital herpes recurrences in hiv+ women. the purpose of this study was to determine whether stress was associated with symptomatic genit ... | 2003 | 12614833 |
| testing for hsv-2 infection among pregnant teens: implications for clinical practice. | to pilot test the feasibility of screening pregnant teens for hsv-2 infection during their first prenatal visit. | 2003 | 12604145 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 and heterosexual spread of human immunodeficiency virus infection in developing countries: hypotheses and research priorities. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection is almost always sexually transmitted, and causes genital ulceration. significant progress in our understanding of hsv infection has occurred over the last decade, in part related to the development of accurate and sensitive laboratory tests to study hsv-2. the application of pcr and type-specific serology to individual cases and in population-based studies has enabled the identification of a potentially important role for hsv-2 infection as a cofact ... | 2003 | 12667248 |
| multiplex polymerase chain reaction for detection of herpes simplex virus type 1, type 2, cytomegalovirus, and varicella-zoster virus in ocular viral infections. | to detect simultaneously herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), type 2 (hsv-2), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in ocular specimens suspected of indicating viral infection, and to compare the results of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with those of uniplex pcr. | 2003 | 12782161 |
| current and potential therapies for the treatment of herpes-virus infections. | human herpesviruses are found worldwide and are among the most frequent causes of viral infections in immunocompetent as well as in immunocompromised patients. during the past decade and a half a better understanding of the replication and disease-causing state of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), varicella zoster virus (vzv), and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) has been achieved due in part to the development of potent antiviral compounds that target these viruses. while some o ... | 2003 | 12790345 |
| [acyclovir-resistant herpes exulcerans et persistens. type ii]. | immunocompromised patients are developing in an increasing frequency acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex infections. different treatment options need to be evaluated considering the possible side effects in regard to the patients' immunocompromised status. a 73-year-old woman with b-cell lymphatic leukemia with a secondary antibody deficiency syndrome and anemia suffered for one year with perianal ulcerations caused by acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex infection type ii. based on previous report ... | 2003 | 12669211 |
| genotyping of dna using sequence-specific methyltransferases followed by immunochemical detection. | modern molecular genetics relies on the ability to map the positions of genes on chromosomes, relative to known dna markers. the first such dna markers described were restriction fragment length polymorphisms, but any restriction endonuclease used for rflp mapping is just one member of a restriction-modification pair. for each restriction endonuclease, there is a companion methyltransferase (mtase) that has the same dna sequence specificity. therefore, in principle, it should be possible to use ... | 2003 | 12680604 |
| plasma versus serum for detection of herpes simplex virus type 2-specific immunoglobulin g antibodies with a glycoprotein g2-based enzyme immunoassay. | to evaluate the consonance between plasma and serum for the detection of herpes simplex virus type 2-specific immunoglobulin g antibodies, we compared results from concurrently obtained plasma and sera in 710 sexually active women by using a glycoprotein g2-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (focus technologies, cypress, calif.) and found 98.9% agreement between the two specimen types. plasma appears to be an acceptable matrix for use with this assay. | 2003 | 12791924 |
| isolation and characterization of a sulfated polysaccharide from the brown alga sargassum patens and determination of its anti-herpes activity. | bioactivity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract from the brown alga sargassun patens led to the isolation of a polysaccharide as an antiviral component against herpes simplex viruses which are the cause of cold sores (hsv-1) and genital herpes (hsv-2). the polysaccharide contained a sulfur group that could be present as a sulfate ester. it is thus a sulfated polysaccharide with a molecular mass of about 424 kda, and is designated sp-2a. gas chromatographic assay showed that the polysac ... | 2003 | 12683633 |
| [use of the nested polymerase chain reaction in the differential diagnosis of human herpes simplex virus]. | herpes is one of the most widespread human viral pathologies. the article depicts a special modification of polymerized chain reaction--(pcr)--(referred to as "nested"), which has a higher sensitivity, specificity and reliability as compared to the ordinary pcr, and which is designed to detect the herpes viruses. the method was initially tested at purified preparation of viral dna, and later--at clinical materials obtained from patients and healthy donors. secretions from the urogenital tract (s ... | 2003 | 12688217 |
| type-specific serologic testing for herpes simplex virus-2. | genital herpes due to infection with herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) affects an estimated 60 million adults in the united states. over 90% are unaware of their infection but are at risk of transmitting hsv to partners. this ongoing "silent" disease is responsible for the continued increase in hsv prevalence. the recent advent of type-specific serologic tests has allowed accurate differentiation of hsv-1 and hsv-2 infection. screening of at-risk populations will allow identification of individuals ... | 2003 | 12642003 |
| rapid detection of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus infections by real-time pcr. | the herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) can cause life-threatening infections of the central nervous system and lead to severe infections in immunocompromised subjects and newborns. in these cases, rapid diagnosis is crucial. we developed three different real-time pcr assays based on taqman chemistry for the lightcycler instrument to detect hsv-1, hsv-2, and vzv. when the taqman assays were compared to our in-house nested pcr assays, the test s ... | 2003 | 12682146 |
| t cell immunity to herpes simplex viruses in seronegative subjects: silent infection or acquired immunity? | during the course of investigating t cell responses to hsv among volunteers entering trials of investigational genital herpes vaccines, 6 of the 24 immunocompetent subjects with no prior history of oral/labial or genital herpes possessed hsv-specific t cell immunity but, by multiple determinants of even the most sensitive serological assays, remained seronegative to hsv-1 and -2. of these six immune seronegative (is; hsv-seronegative with hsv-specific t cell responses) subjects, two had transien ... | 2003 | 12682275 |
| synthesis of c-17-functionalized spongiane diterpenes: diastereoselective synthesis of (-)-spongian-16-oxo-17-al, (-)-acetyldendrillol-1, and (-)-aplyroseol-14. | the diastereoselective synthesis of spongiane diterpenes (-)-spongian-16-oxo-17-al 2, (-)-acetyldendrillol-1 15, and (-)-aplyroseol-14 16 has been completed efficiently via the common intermediate 14. compound 14 was prepared in five synthetic steps from (+)-podocarp-8(14)-en-13-one 13, easily available from commercial (-)-abietic acid. the key steps in the syntheses were a regioselective reduction of a 1,4-dialdehyde unit, a one-pot acetalization-acetylation, and a translactonization. the synth ... | 2003 | 12585861 |
| mechanism of the protective effect of heteropolyoxotungstate against herpes simplex virus type 2. | the effects of heteropolyoxotungstate (k(7)[pti(2)w(10)o(40)]. 6h(2)o; pm-19) on the replication of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) were examined using a semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction of intracellular viral dna established by us and also other methods. vero cells were infected with hsv-2 strains: either the standard strain 169, or the acyclovir-resistant strain ys-4c-1. pm-19 was added at various stages during the replication of hsv-2. pm-19 strongly inhibited the synthesis of v ... | 2003 | 12566852 |
| a smallpox false alarm. | 2003 | 12496349 | |
| the acceptability of the introduction of a type specific herpes antibody screening test into a genitourinary medicine clinic in the united kingdom. | to determine the uptake of a type specific herpes simplex antibody test if it were offered as part of routine screening in a genitourinary medicine clinic in a district general hospital in the united kingdom. | 2003 | 12690134 |
| long term antiviral suppression after treatment for neonatal herpes infection. | 2003 | 12690281 | |
| a prospective study of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-seropositive women: correlations with cd4 cell count and plasma hiv-1 rna level. | a cohort of 217 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-seropositive women was observed prospectively from 1996 through 2000 to determine the frequency of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) disease (symptomatic and asymptomatic) and to correlate those findings with hiv-1-related immunosuppression (absolute cd4 cell counts and plasma hiv-1 rna levels). participants underwent twice-yearly pelvic examinations, including cultures of cervicovaginal specimens and swab specimens from genit ... | 2003 | 12522754 |
| population-based human papillomavirus prevalence in lampang and songkla, thailand. | to investigate the prevalence and determinants of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, the primary cause of cervical cancer, we studied 1741 women >/=15 years of age from lampang and songkla, thailand. exfoliated cervical cells were collected for papanicolaou smear screening and dna detection of 36 different hpv types. serum immunoglobulin g antibodies against l1 virus-like particles (anti-vlps) of hpv-16, -18, -31, -33, and -58 were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. overall, 1 ... | 2003 | 12696004 |
| the r1 subunit of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase has chaperone-like activity similar to hsp27. | hsv-2 r1, the r1 subunit of herpes simplex virus (hsv) ribonucleotide reductase, protects cells against apoptosis. here, we report the presence in hsv-2 r1 of a stretch exhibiting similarity to the alpha-crystallin domain of the small heat shock proteins, a domain known to be important for oligomerization and cytoprotective activities of these proteins. also, the hsv-2 r1 protein, which forms multimeric structures in the absence of nucleotide, displayed chaperone ability as good as hsp27 in a th ... | 2003 | 12804778 |
| virucidal effect of peppermint oil on the enveloped viruses herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in vitro. | the virucidal effect of peppermint oil, the essential oil of mentha piperita, against herpes simplex virus was examined. the inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) was tested in vitro on rc-37 cells using a plaque reduction assay. the 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) of peppermint oil for herpes simplex virus plaque formation was determined at 0.002% and 0.0008% for hsv-1 and hsv-2, respectively. peppermint oil exhibited high le ... | 2003 | 13678235 |
| [search for herpes simplex infection 1 and 2: direct diagnosis]. | 2003 | 13679713 | |
| epstein-barr virus-associated posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder after high-dose immunosuppressive therapy and autologous cd34-selected hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe autoimmune diseases. | high-dose immunosuppressive therapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) is currently being evaluated for the control of severe autoimmune diseases. the addition of antithymocyte globulin (atg) to high-dose chemoradiotherapy in the high-dose immunosuppressive therapy regimen and cd34 selection of the autologous graft may induce a higher degree of immunosuppression compared with conventional autologous hsct for malignant diseases. patients may be at higher risk of ... | 2003 | 14506660 |
| atypical herpes type 2 encephalitis associated with normal mri imaging. | we describe a case of chronic atypical herpes simplex type 2 encephalitis in an immunocompromised 68 year old man presenting with headache and cognitive changes without focal neurological or mri findings. to our knowledge this is the first described case of herpes simplex encephalitis associated with normal mri brain imaging and non-focal neurological examination. this further expands the range of clinical presentations that may be associated with herpes simplex encephalitis and emphasises the v ... | 2003 | 12810797 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 induces rapid cell death and functional impairment of murine dendritic cells in vitro. | dendritic cells (dc) are critical for stimulation of naive t cells. little is known about the effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection on dc structure or function or if the observed effects of hsv-1 on human dc are reproduced in murine dc. here, we demonstrate that by 12 h postinfection, wild-type (wt) hsv-2 (186) abortively infected murine bone marrow-derived dc and induced early cell death compared to uv-inactivated hsv-2 or mock-infected dc. hsv-2-induced loss of dc viability w ... | 2003 | 14512561 |
| prevalence of herpes simplex virus antibodies in childhood and adolescence: a cross-sectional study. | the changing spectrum of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections makes it important to define the seroepidemiology of hsv. the object of this study was to determine the prevalence of hsv-1 and hsv-2 immunoglobulin g antibodies in a young swedish population by investigating 2106 serum samples from people aged 0-19 y. sera were tested in hsv type-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using glycoprotein g-1 (gg-1) and glycoprotein g-2 (gg-2) as a ... | 2003 | 14514152 |
| inactivated parapoxvirus ovis (orf virus) has antiviral activity against hepatitis b virus and herpes simplex virus. | it is known that some viruses are able to induce vigorous immune reactions. this study shows that inactivated parapoxvirus ovis (orf virus), strain d1701 (ppvo), induces an autoregulatory cytokine response that involves the upregulation of il-12, il-18, ifn-gamma and other t helper 1-type cytokines and their subsequent downregulation, which is accompanied by induction of il-4. an increase in il-10 expression was also found in the livers of ppvo-treated mice. ppvo protects mice from lethal herpes ... | 2003 | 12810878 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 is the prevailing cause of genital herpes in the tel aviv area, israel. | the changing epidemiology of genital herpes with the increasing importance of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 prompted a study on the relative prevalence of hsv-1 and hsv-2 among cases of genital herpes in the tel aviv area, israel. | 2003 | 14520180 |
| increasing proportion of herpes simplex virus type 1 as a cause of genital herpes infection in college students. | a retrospective review of genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) isolates collected in a university student health service over a 9-year period showed that an increasing proportion of isolates were hsv-1 rather than hsv-2. hsv-1 accounted for 78% of all genital isolates in this population by 2001, compared with 31% of isolates in 1993. | 2003 | 14520181 |
| is herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) now more common than hsv-2 in first episodes of genital herpes? | 2003 | 14520182 | |
| opsoclonus: an early sign of neonatal herpes encephalitis. | preferential involvement of certain central nervous systems areas by specific viruses provides a valuable guide to the selection of antiviral agents. we report a neonate that developed opsoclonus 7 days prior to the diagnosis of herpes simplex type 2 cerebellitis. the course of the opsoclonus paralleled the clinical course and radiologic evolution of the infection. the purpose of this report is to describe opsoclonus as a possible early sign of herpes simplex type 2 central nervous system infect ... | 2003 | 12822821 |
| dysregulated expression of ifn-gamma and il-10 and impaired ifn-gamma-mediated responses at different disease stages in patients with genital herpes simplex virus-2 infection. | cell-mediated t-helper type-1 (th1) responses play a vital role in the immunopathogenesis of genital infections caused by herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2). we investigated the role of th responses in hsv-2 infection at different disease stages by analysing the production of th cytokines in hsv-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). ifn-gamma production decreased over time following a recurrence, whereas levels of il-10, and to a lesser extent il-2, remained elevated during this per ... | 2003 | 12823283 |
| toll-like receptor 9-mediated recognition of herpes simplex virus-2 by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. | plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdcs) have been identified as a potent secretor of the type i interferons (ifns) in response to cpg as well as several viruses. in this study, we examined the molecular mechanism of virus recognition by pdcs. first, we demonstrated that the cd11c+gr-1intb220+ pdcs from mouse bone marrow secreted high levels of ifn-alpha in response to either live or uv-inactivated herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2). next, we identified that ifn-alpha secretion by pdcs required the expre ... | 2003 | 12900525 |
| real-time nested multiplex pcr for the detection of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and varicella zoster virus. | one hundred forty-nine specimens were tested in a lightcycler nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (lcnmpcr) for herpes simplex virus (hsv)1, hsv2, and vzv. eighty-one were from genitourinary medicine (gum) patients and the other 68 specimens were from other patients with skin lesions. the results were compared to a conventional multiplex nested pcr (nmpcr) using agarose gel electrophoresis. twenty-five specimens were positive in both assays for hsv1 and 29 were positive for vzv. for hsv2 ... | 2003 | 14556269 |
| parameters of cpg oligodeoxynucleotide-induced protection against intravaginal hsv-2 challenge. | synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) containing unmethylated cpg dinucleotides within the context of certain flanking bases (cpg motifs) have been shown to induce potent innate and adaptive immune responses. vaginal delivery of cpg odn alone protects mice from vaginal herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) challenge. here, we investigated the importance of timing of delivery, formulation, route and dose of vaginally administered cpg odn in the prevention or treatment of intravaginal (ivag) hsv-2 i ... | 2003 | 14556270 |
| secreted portion of glycoprotein g of herpes simplex virus type 2 is a novel antigen for type-discriminating serology. | the secreted portion of glycoprotein g (sgg-2) of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) was evaluated as a novel antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) format for detection of type-specific immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies in hsv-2-infected patients. the results were compared with those obtained by a commercially available assay, the herpeselect 2 elisa (the focus2 assay). five different panels of sera were analyzed: panel a consisted of 109 serum samples from patients with a cul ... | 2003 | 12904375 |
| epidemiology of genital herpes (hsv-2) among brothel based female sex workers in bangladesh. | a prospective study was carried out to determine the prevalence of herpes simplex type 2 (hsv-2) in bangladeshi female sex workers. serum samples were collected from 463 female prostitutes and tested by elisa using type specific antigens (gg1 and gg2). there were 405 (87.5%) samples seropositive for both hsv-1 and hsv-2, 24 (5.2%) samples were seropositive for only hsv-1, a further 33 (7.1%) samples were seropositive for hsv-2 only and one sample was found to be negative. human immunodeficiency ... | 2003 | 14561051 |
| synthesis and fluorescent properties of 6-(4-biphenylyl)-3,9-dihydro-9-oxo-5h-imidazo[1,2-a]purine analogues of acyclovir and ganciclovir. | tricyclic (t) analogues of acyclovir (acv, 1) and ganciclovir (gcv, 2) carrying the 3,9-dihydro-9-oxo-5h-imidazo[1,2-a]purine system [i.e., 6-(4-brph)tacv, 5 and 6-(4-brph)tgcv, 6] were transformed into 6-[(4'-r2)-4-biphenylyl] derivatives of tacv (7-9) and tgcv (10-12) by suzuki cross coupling with 4-substituted phenylboronic acids. compound 11 (r2 = ch2oh) showed a high (approximately 1000) selectivity index against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) together with advantageous fluorescence pr ... | 2003 | 14565309 |
| synthesis of [1'-fluoro-2',2'-bis-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropylmethyl]purines as antiviral agents. | [1'-fluoro-2',2'-bis-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropylmethyl]purines were designed, synthesized and their antiviral activity against poliovirus, hsv and hiv was evaluated. | 2003 | 14565320 |
| metabolic and pharmacological characteristics of the bicyclic nucleoside analogues (bcnas) as highly selective inhibitors of varicella-zoster virus (vzv). | 2003 | 14565329 | |
| immunodominance among herpes simplex virus-specific cd8 t cells expressing a tissue-specific homing receptor. | the study of immunodominance within microbe-specific cd8 t cell responses has been challenging. we used a previously undescribed approach to create unbiased panels of cd8 cytotoxic t lymphocyte clones specific for herpes simplex virus type 2, a pathogen with a complex genome encoding at least 85 polypeptides. circulating herpes simplex virus type 2-specific cells were enriched and cloned after sorting for expression of the skin homing-associated receptor, cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen, ... | 2003 | 14566059 |
| herpes simplex virus triggers activation of calcium-signaling pathways. | the cellular pathways required for herpes simplex virus (hsv) invasion have not been defined. to test the hypothesis that hsv entry triggers activation of ca2+-signaling pathways, the effects on intracellular calcium concentration ([ca2+]i) after exposure of cells to hsv were examined. exposure to virus results in a rapid and transient increase in [ca2+]i. pretreatment of cells with pharmacological agents that block release of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (ip3)-sensitive endoplasmic reticulum sto ... | 2003 | 14568989 |
| association of hepatitis c virus infection with sexual exposure in southern india. | to determine the association between sexual exposure and hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in urban chennai, india, a random sample of adults who live in a slum community completed interviews and provided samples to test for hcv, herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), and other sexually transmitted infections (stis). all analyses excluded recent and current injection drug users. hcv infection was not associated with the reported number of sex partners for men or women. women were more likely to be ... | 2003 | 12905135 |
| seroprevalence and correlates of herpes simplex virus type 2 among urban tanzanian women. | data on herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) among women in the general population of developing countries are limited. | 2003 | 12838089 |
| genital ulcers in women. | women who are in a low socioeconomic status are most vulnerable to genital ulcer disease (gud). gud is recognized as an important co-factor for acquisition of hiv. gud etiology has been elucidated in the past decade, with the availability of multiplex polymerase chain reaction. worldwide, herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) is the leading cause of gud. however, mainly in women in developed countries, the incidence of gud causation by hsv-1 is rising, owing to adolescents who are hsv-1 naïve and to in ... | 2003 | 12844451 |
| genital shedding of herpes simplex virus-2 dna and hiv-1 rna and proviral dna in hiv-1- and herpes simplex virus-2-coinfected african women. | 2003 | 12794542 | |
| immunological properties of a dna plasmid encoding a chimeric protein of herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein b and glycoprotein d. | a dna plasmid containing a chimeric sequence encoding both herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) glycoprotein b (gb) and glycoprotein d (gd) external domains (pcgdb) was used to immunize balb/c mice against genital hsv-2 infection. to determine the efficacy of this vaccine, groups of mice immunized with the pcgdb plasmid were compared with animals immunized with plasmids corresponding to the individual proteins (pcgbt or pcgdt), administered separately or in combination (pcgbt + pcgdt). we studied ... | 2003 | 12922084 |
| herpes simplex virus ul14 protein blocks apoptosis. | we report that an hsv-2 ul14 protein expressing cell line (14/hep-2) was more resistant to apoptosis induced by osmotic shock and certain drugs than its parental cell line. furthermore, hsv-1 ul14 protein deletion virus (ul14d) showed weaker inhibition of apoptosis compared to the rescued virus ul14r. the protein's anti-apoptotic function may derive from its heat shock protein-like properties. | 2003 | 14584616 |
| anti-herpes simplex virus activity of substituted 1-hydroxyacridones. | 5-chloro-1,3-dihydroxyacridone, 1, is a potent and selective inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1).(1) substituted 1,3-dihydroxyacridones represent a new class of nonnucleoside hsv-1 inhibitors, and biochemical studies indicate a novel mechanism of action for 1, although the target is not yet defined.(2) with the goal of lead optimization, analogues of 1 were synthesized in an effort to describe the structure-activity relationships between 1 and its hypothetical binding site. modifica ... | 2003 | 14584951 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-substituted derivatives of the potent antiherpes agent (north)-methanocarbathymine. | the conformationally locked nucleoside, (north)-methanocarbathymine (1a), is a potent and selective anti-herpes agent effective against herpes simplex type 1 (hsv1) and type 2 (hsv2) viruses. hereby, we report on the synthesis and biological evaluation of a small set of 5-substituted pyrimidine nucleosides belonging to the same class of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane nucleosides. both the 5-bromovinyl (4) and the 5-bromo analogue (3) appeared to be exclusive substrates of hsv1 thymidine kinase (tk), contr ... | 2003 | 14584954 |
| immunostimulatory cpg treatment for genital hsv-2 infections. | 2003 | 14585849 | |
| replication and interaction of herpes simplex virus and human papillomavirus in differentiating host epithelial tissue. | we have investigated the interactions and consequences of superinfecting and coreplication of human papillomavirus (hpv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) in human epithelial organotypic (raft) culture tissues. in hpv-positive tissues, hsv infection and replication induced significant cytopathic effects (cpe), but the tissues were able to recover and maintain a certain degree of tissue integrity and architecture. hpv31b not only maintained the episomal state of its genomic dna but also maintained i ... | 2003 | 14592758 |
| herpes simplex virus dna in corneal transplants: prospective study of 38 recipients. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection of the eye can induce epithelial and stromal keratitis and may also lead to postoperative endothelial failure in keratoplasty. clinical symptoms and/or virus culture of corneal scrapings most frequently provide the basis for diagnosis of ocular hsv infection, and although hsv dna has been shown to be present in the cornea, its role in success or failure of corneal grafts remains unclear. in this study, a pcr assay was used to detect hsv dna in corneal buttons ... | 2003 | 12858411 |
| maternal herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis following cesarean section. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) encephalitis is rare especially during pregnancy. in immunocompetent patients, hsv-2 meningitis (contrary to hsv-1 meningitis) is usually mild, without encephalitis. we report a rare case of maternal hsv-2 encephalitis following cesarean section. the woman had no symptomatic genital lesion, and the infant was not infected. the route of meningeal infection (neuronal or hematogenous) is discussed. | 2003 | 12860155 |
| augmentation of b7 expression by herpes simplex virus antigen. | b7 costimulation plays a major role in herpes simplex virus (hsv) immunity. effects of immunoregulatory cytokines (interferon-gamma [ifn-gamma] and interleukin-10 [il-10]) and hsv antigens on b7-1 (cd80) and b7-2 (cd86) expression on monocytes during hsv-2 infection were investigated using flow cytometry. our results demonstrate that hsv-2 infection effects the expression of b7 isoforms (b7-1 and b7-2) on monocytes in two ways, with opposing outcomes. it abrogates the ifn-gamma upregulation of b ... | 2003 | 12878356 |
| genes, germs, and schizophrenia: an evolutionary perspective. | literature on schizophrenia and other mental illnesses has emphasized the compatibility of evidence with genetic causation without adequately considering alternative hypotheses of disease causation. although some studies from the mid-20th century reported associations between certain pathogens and schizophrenia, only recently has the possibility of infectious causation of schizophrenia again become an active focus of research. infectious causation of schizophrenia is still, however, generally re ... | 2003 | 12878806 |
| prevalence and risk factors for herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among pregnant women in israel. | although usually a nuisance to the adult patient, herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection can have devastating consequences on the infected newborn. it is thus important to document the prevalence and risk factors of this infection among pregnant women in a defined population. the availability of the new type-specific assays that provide accurate serologic results prompted us to study the seroprevalence of hsv-2 infection among pregnant women in israel. | 2003 | 14603091 |
| association between acquisition of herpes simplex virus type 2 in women and bacterial vaginosis. | a longitudinal cohort study of sexually active women 18-30 years of age was conducted to identify variables associated with the acquisition of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections. six hundred seventy hsv-2-seronegative women were followed up at 4-month intervals for 1 year; acquisition of hsv-2 antibodies was detected in 32 of these women. black race, < or =12 years of education, having a new sex partner, and bacterial vaginosis (bv) were associated with hsv-2 seroconversion on univar ... | 2003 | 12884154 |
| performance of the focus and kalon enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein g in culture-documented cases of genital herpes. | glycoprotein g-based herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays from focus and kalon were performed with specimens from 118 patients with culture-documented genital herpes episodes, and their results were compared. sensitivity was 52% by kalon and 86% by focus for first hsv-2 episodes and 100% (for each of the two tests) for recurrent hsv-2. median times to seroconversion were 120 days by the kalon assay, 21 days by the focus assay, and 68 days by western blotting ass ... | 2003 | 14605166 |
| prolonged exposure to progesterone prevents induction of protective mucosal responses following intravaginal immunization with attenuated herpes simplex virus type 2. | depo-provera (depo) is a long-acting progestational formulation that is a popular form of contraception for women. in animal models of sexually transmitted diseases, it is used to facilitate infection. here we report that treatment with depo, in a mouse model of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), altered immune responses depending on the length of time that animals were exposed to depo prior to immunization. mice immunized intravaginally (i.vag.) with an attenuated strain (tk(-)) of hs ... | 2003 | 12941893 |
| the differential requirement for cyclin-dependent kinase activities distinguishes two functions of herpes simplex virus type 1 icp0. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) icp0 directs the degradation of cellular proteins associated with nuclear structures called nd10, a function thought to be closely associated with its broad transactivating activity. roscovitine (rosco), an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), inhibits the replication of hsv-1, hsv-2, human cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by inhibiting specific steps or activities of viral regulatory proteins, indicatin ... | 2003 | 14610183 |
| [herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus infections]. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) are both human alpha-herpes viruses. they are capable of establishing latent infections in neural tissues and to reactive from these sites, determining the clinical features of the disease (primary infection versus recurrences). infections with these viruses are common; an increased number of elderly and immunocompromised individuals will likely lead to an even higher prevalence. hsv infection--in its typical form characterized by group ... | 2003 | 14610899 |