Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| lapita diet in remote oceania: new stable isotope evidence from the 3000-year-old teouma site, efate island, vanuatu. | remote oceania was colonized ca. 3000 bp by populations associated with the lapita cultural complex, marking a major event in the prehistoric settlement of the pacific islands. although over 250 lapita sites have been found throughout the western pacific, human remains associated with lapita period sites are rare. the site of teouma, on efate island, vanuatu has yielded the largest burial assemblage (n=68 inhumations) of lapita period humans ever discovered, providing a unique opportunity for as ... | 2014 | 24598939 |
| assessment of regional ventilation distribution: comparison of vibration response imaging (vri) with electrical impedance tomography (eit). | vibration response imaging (vri) is a bedside technology to monitor ventilation by detecting lung sound vibrations. it is currently unknown whether vri is able to accurately monitor the local distribution of ventilation within the lungs. we therefore compared vri to electrical impedance tomography (eit), an established technique used for the assessment of regional ventilation. | 2014 | 24475160 |
| the role of viral and host micrornas in the aujeszky's disease virus during the infection process. | porcine production is a primary market in the world economy. controlling swine diseases in the farm is essential in order to achieve the sector necessities. aujeszky's disease is a viral condition affecting pigs and is endemic in many countries of the world, causing important economic losses in the swine industry. micrornas (mirnas) are non-coding rnas which modulates gene expression in animals, plants and viruses. with the aim of understanding mirna roles during the aujeszky's disease virus [ad ... | 2014 | 24475202 |
| a novel strain of porcine adenovirus detected in urinary bladder urothelial cell culture. | contamination of cell cultures is the most common problem encountered in cell culture laboratories. besides the secondary cell contaminations often occurring in the cell laboratories, the contaminations originating from donor animal or human tissue are equally as common, but usually harder to recognize and as such require special attention. the present study describes the detection of porcine adenovirus (padv), strain padv-svn1 in cultures of normal porcine urothelial (npu) cells isolated from u ... | 2014 | 24960273 |
| targeting the ion channel kv1.3 with scorpion venom peptides engineered for potency, selectivity, and half-life. | ion channels are an attractive class of drug targets, but progress in developing inhibitors for therapeutic use has been limited largely due to challenges in identifying subtype selective small molecules. animal venoms provide an alternative source of ion channel modulators, and the venoms of several species, such as scorpions, spiders and snails, are known to be rich sources of ion channel modulating peptides. importantly, these peptides often bind to hyper-variable extracellular loops, creatin ... | 2014 | 24939846 |
| untangling the hybrid nature of modern pig genomes: a mosaic derived from biogeographically distinct and highly divergent sus scrofa populations. | the merging of populations after an extended period of isolation and divergence is a common phenomenon, in natural settings as well as due to human interference. individuals with such hybrid origins contain genomes that essentially form a mosaic of different histories and demographies. pigs are an excellent model species to study hybridization because european and asian wild boars diverged ~1.2 mya, and pigs were domesticated independently in europe and asia. during the industrial revolution in ... | 2014 | 24863459 |
| meiotic recombination analyses of individual chromosomes in male domestic pigs (sus scrofa domestica). | for the first time in the domestic pig, meiotic recombination along the 18 porcine autosomes was directly studied by immunolocalization of mlh1 protein. in total, 7,848 synaptonemal complexes from 436 spermatocytes were analyzed, and 13,969 recombination sites were mapped. individual chromosomes for 113 of the 436 cells (representing 2,034 synaptonemal complexes) were identified by immunostaining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). the average total length of autosomal synaptonemal co ... | 2014 | 24919066 |
| genome-wide identification of long intergenic noncoding rna genes and their potential association with domestication in pigs. | thousands of long intergenic noncoding rnas (lincrnas) have been identified in the human and mouse genomes, some of which play important roles in fundamental biological processes. the pig is an important domesticated animal, however, pig lincrnas remain poorly characterized and it is unknown if they were involved in the domestication of the pig. here, we used available rna-seq resources derived from 93 samples and expressed sequence tag data sets, and identified 6,621 lincrna transcripts from 4, ... | 2014 | 24891613 |
| using biplanar fluoroscopy to guide radiopaque vascular injections: a new method for vascular imaging. | studying vascular anatomy, especially in the context of relationships with hard tissues, is of great interest to biologists. vascular studies have provided significant insight into physiology, function, phylogenetic relationships, and evolutionary patterns. injection of resin or latex into the vascular system has been a standard technique for decades. there has been a recent surge in popularity of more modern methods, especially radiopaque latex vascular injection followed by ct scanning and dig ... | 2014 | 24835249 |
| repeated evolution of chimeric fusion genes in the β-globin gene family of laurasiatherian mammals. | the evolutionary fate of chimeric fusion genes may be strongly influenced by their recombinational mode of origin and the nature of functional divergence between the parental genes. in the β-globin gene family of placental mammals, the two postnatally expressed δ- and β-globin genes (hbd and hbb, respectively) have a propensity for recombinational exchange via gene conversion and unequal crossing-over. in the latter case, there are good reasons to expect differences in retention rates for the re ... | 2014 | 24814285 |
| lateral geniculate body evoked potentials elicited by visual and electrical stimulation. | blind individuals who have photoreceptor loss are known to perceive phosphenes with electrical stimulation of their remaining retinal ganglion cells. we proposed that implantable lateral geniculate body (lgb) stimulus electrode arrays could be used to generate phosphene vision. we attempted to refine the basic reference of the electrical evoked potentials (eeps) elicited by microelectrical stimulations of the optic nerve, optic tract and lgb of a domestic pig, and then compared it to visual evok ... | 2014 | 25120343 |
| genetic structure of wild boar (sus scrofa) populations from east asia based on microsatellite loci analyses. | wild boar, sus scrofa, is an extant wild ancestor of the domestic pig as an agro-economically important mammal. wild boar has a worldwide distribution with its geographic origin in southeast asia, but genetic diversity and genetic structure of wild boar in east asia are poorly understood. to characterize the pattern and amount of genetic variation and population structure of wild boar in east asia, we genotyped and analyzed microsatellite loci for a total of 238 wild boar specimens from ten loca ... | 2014 | 25034725 |
| genomic analysis reveals selection for asian genes in european pigs following human-mediated introgression. | the independent domestication of local wild boar populations in asia and europe about 10,000 years ago led to distinct european and asian pig breeds, each with very different phenotypic characteristics. during the industrial revolution, chinese breeds were imported to europe to improve commercial traits in european breeds. here we demonstrate the presence of introgressed asian haplotypes in european domestic pigs and selection signatures on some loci in these regions, using whole genome sequence ... | 2014 | 25025832 |
| stereological estimation of total cell numbers in the human cerebral and cerebellar cortex. | our knowledge of the relationship between brain structure and cognitive function is still limited. human brains and individual cortical areas vary considerably in size and shape. studies of brain cell numbers have historically been based on biased methods, which did not always result in correct estimates and were often very time-consuming. within the last 20-30 years, it has become possible to rely on more advanced and unbiased methods. these methods have provided us with information about fetal ... | 2014 | 25076882 |
| complete genome sequences of two central european brucella suis bv. 2 haplotype 2c strains isolated from wild boars. | the brucella suis haplotype 2c is commonly isolated from wild boars and domestic pigs across central europe, though it is rarely described in the iberian peninsula. we report here the complete and annotated genome sequences of two haplotype 2c strains isolated from wild boars in the northeast region of spain, above the ebro river. | 2014 | 25013144 |
| design and development of exome capture sequencing for the domestic pig (sus scrofa). | the domestic pig (sus scrofa) is both an important livestock species and a model for biomedical research. exome sequencing has accelerated identification of protein-coding variants underlying phenotypic traits in human and mouse. we aimed to develop and validate a similar resource for the pig. | 2014 | 24988888 |
| development of a closed-artery catheter-based myocardial infarction in pigs using sponge and lidocaine hydrochloride infusion to prevent irreversible ventricular fibrillation. | the objectives of this study were to develop a robust, homogeneous, viable and inexpensive model of closed-artery catheter-based model of myocardial infarction (mi) in pigs without major cardiac dysfunction. suitable animal models that mimic human cardiovascular conditions are of paramount importance to understand the effects of novel therapeutic strategies to improve tissue perfusion and prevent cardiac deterioration post-mi. pigs (n = 21, bw = 17 ± 1 kg) receiving continuous iv lidocaine hydro ... | 2014 | 25168871 |
| crossover of the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal/interrenal, -thyroid, and -gonadal axes in testicular development. | besides the well-known function of thyroid hormones (ths) for regulating metabolism, it has recently been discovered that ths are also involved in testicular development in mammalian and non-mammalian species. ths, in combination with follicle stimulating hormone, lead to androgen synthesis in danio rerio, which results in the onset of spermatogenesis in the testis, potentially relating the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (hpt) gland to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (hpg) axes. furthermore, ... | 2014 | 25221542 |
| xenografting of testicular tissue pieces: 12 years of an in vivo spermatogenesis system. | spermatogenesis is a dynamic and complex process that involves endocrine and testicular factors. during xenotransplantation of testicular tissue fragments into immunodecifient mice, a functional communication between host brain and donor testis is established. this interaction allows for the progression of spermatogenesis and recovery of fertilisation-competent spermatozoa from a broad range of mammalian species. in the last few years, significant progress has been achieved in testis tissue xeno ... | 2014 | 25150043 |
| differential axonal conduction patterns of mechano-sensitive and mechano-insensitive nociceptors--a combined experimental and modelling study. | cutaneous pain sensations are mediated largely by c-nociceptors consisting of both mechano-sensitive (cm) and mechano-insensitive (cmi) fibres that can be distinguished from one another according to their characteristic axonal properties. in healthy skin and relative to cmi fibres, cm fibres show a higher initial conduction velocity, less activity-dependent conduction velocity slowing, and less prominent post-spike supernormality. however, after sensitization with nerve growth factor, the electr ... | 2014 | 25136824 |
| microscopy and genomic analysis of mycoplasma parvum strain indiana. | mycoplasma parvum [eperythrozoon parvum] is the second hemotrophic mycoplasma (hemoplasma) described in pigs. unlike m. suis, its closest phylogenetic relative, m. parvum, is considered a non-pathogenic bacterium in this host species. natural infection of a domestic, 6-month-old splenectomized pig with m. parvum strain indiana is described herein. light and scanning electron microscopy of the bacteria were performed in addition to whole genome sequencing, analysis, and comparison to the genome o ... | 2014 | 25113534 |
| catheter-based induction of renal ischemia/reperfusion in swine: description of an experimental model. | several techniques to induce renal ischemia have been proposed: clamp, pva particles, and catheter-balloon. we report the development of a controlled, single-insult model of unilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion (i/r) without contralateral nephrectomy, using a suitable model, the pig. this is a balloon-catheter-based model using a percutaneous, interventional radiology procedure. one angioplasty balloon-catheter was placed into the right renal artery and inflated for 120 min and reperfusion over ... | 2014 | 25263203 |
| histologic characterization of acellular dermal matrices in a porcine model of tissue expander breast reconstruction. | acellular dermal matrices (adms) have been commonly used in expander-based breast reconstruction to provide inferolateral prosthesis coverage. although the clinical performance of these biologic scaffold materials varies depending on a number of factors, an in-depth systematic characterization of the host response is yet to be performed. the present study evaluates the biochemical composition and structure of two adms, alloderm(®) regenerative tissue matrix and allomax™ surgical graft, and provi ... | 2014 | 24941900 |
| dynamics of african swine fever virus shedding and excretion in domestic pigs infected by intramuscular inoculation and contact transmission. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a highly virulent swine pathogen that has spread across eastern europe since 2007 and for which there is no effective vaccine or treatment available. the dynamics of shedding and excretion is not well known for this currently circulating asfv strain. therefore, susceptible pigs were exposed to pigs intramuscularly infected with the georgia 2007/1 asfv strain to measure those dynamics through within- and between-pen transmission scenarios. blood, oral, nasal an ... | 2014 | 25256695 |
| an in vivo three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging-based averaged brain collection of the neonatal piglet (sus scrofa). | due to the fact that morphology and perinatal growth of the piglet brain is similar to humans, use of the piglet as a translational animal model for neurodevelopmental studies is increasing. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) can be a powerful tool to study neurodevelopment in piglets, but many of the mri resources have been produced for adult humans. here, we present an average in vivo mri-based atlas specific for the 4-week-old piglet. in addition, we have developed probabilistic tissue classifi ... | 2014 | 25254955 |
| indirect genetic effects for growth rate in domestic pigs alter aggressive and manipulative biting behaviour. | indirect genetic effects (iges) are heritable effects of an individual on phenotypic values of others, and may result from social interactions. we determined the behavioural consequences of selection for iges for growth (igeg) in pigs in a g × e treatment design. pigs (n = 480) were selected for high versus low igeg with a contrast of 14 g average daily gain and were housed in either barren or straw-enriched pens (n = 80). high igeg pigs showed from 8 to 23 weeks age 40% less aggressive biting ( ... | 2014 | 25227986 |
| low tidal volume pressure support versus controlled ventilation in early experimental sepsis in pigs. | in moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) several studies support the usage of assisted spontaneous breathing modes. only limited data, however, focus on the application in systemic sepsis and developing lung injury. the present study examines the effects of immediate initiation of pressure support ventilation (psv) in a model of sepsis-induced ards. | 2014 | 25189285 |
| ovine β-lactoglobulin at atomic resolution. | the crystal structure of the triclinic form of the milk protein β-lactoglobulin from sheep (ovis aries) at 1.1 å resolution is described together with a comparison of the triclinic structures of the low-ph bovine and high-ph ovine proteins. all three structures are remarkably similar, despite the well known ph-dependent conformational transition described for the bovine and porcine proteins that occurs in solution. the high resolution of the present structure determination has allowed a more acc ... | 2014 | 25372816 |
| immune modulation in xenotransplantation. | the use of animals as donors of tissues and organs for xenotransplantations may help in meeting the increasing demand for organs for human transplantations. clinical studies indicate that the domestic pig best satisfies the criteria of organ suitability for xenotransplantation. however, the considerable phylogenetic distance between humans and the pig causes tremendous immunological problems after transplantation, thus genetic modifications need to be introduced to the porcine genome, with the a ... | 2014 | 25354539 |
| a genome-wide scan for selection signatures in yorkshire and landrace pigs based on sequencing data. | pigs have experienced dramatic selection due to domestication, which has led to many different phenotypes when compared to their wild counterparts, especially in the last several decades. currently, genome-wide scans in both cattle and humans showing positive selection footprints have been investigated. however, few studies have focused on porcine selection footprints, particularly on a genome-wide scale. surveying for selection footprints across porcine genomes can be quite valuable for reveali ... | 2014 | 25327778 |
| serological evidence for influenza virus infection in korean wild boars. | serum samples from 1,011 wild boars hunted in 2012 were collected for serological surveillance for 4 subtypes (pandemic a (h1n1) 2009 and classical h1n1, h1n2 and h3n2) of swine influenza virus (siv). samples from 12 of the boars were identified as positive for siv (pandemic a (h1n1) 2009, n=9; classical h1n1, n=2; and h1n2, n=1) by a hemagglutination inhibition test (hi test) and a nucleoprotein (np)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (np-elisa). although the overall seroprevalence of siv ... | 2014 | 25298239 |
| comparison of the decomposition voc profile during winter and summer in a moist, mid-latitude (cfb) climate. | the investigation of volatile organic compounds (vocs) associated with decomposition is an emerging field in forensic taphonomy due to their importance in locating human remains using biological detectors such as insects and canines. a consistent decomposition voc profile has not yet been elucidated due to the intrinsic impact of the environment on the decomposition process in different climatic zones. the study of decomposition vocs has typically occurred during the warmer months to enable chem ... | 2014 | 25412504 |
| bupivacaine mandibular nerve block affects intraoperative blood pressure and heart rate in a yucatan miniature swine mandibular condylectomy model: a pilot study. | the primary objective was to evaluate the effect of a bupivacaine mandibular nerve block on intraoperative blood pressure (bp) and heart rate (hr) in response to surgical stimulation and the need for systemic analgesics postoperatively. we hypothesized that a mandibular nerve block would decrease the need for systemic analgesics both intraoperatively and postoperatively. | 2014 | 25394295 |
| cellular scaling rules for the brain of artiodactyla include a highly folded cortex with few neurons. | quantitative analysis of the cellular composition of rodent, primate, insectivore, and afrotherian brains has shown that non-neuronal scaling rules are similar across these mammalian orders that diverged about 95 million years ago, and therefore appear to be conserved in evolution, while neuronal scaling rules appear to be free to vary in a clade-specific manner. here we analyze the cellular scaling rules that apply to the brain of artiodactyls, a group within the order cetartiodactyla, believed ... | 2014 | 25429261 |
| endothelin-a receptor antagonism after renal angioplasty enhances renal recovery in renovascular disease. | percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty/stenting (ptras) is frequently used to treat renal artery stenosis and renovascular disease (rvd); however, renal function is restored in less than one half of the cases. this study was designed to test a novel intervention that could refine ptras and enhance renal recovery in rvd. renal function was quantified in pigs after 6 weeks of chronic rvd (induced by unilateral renal artery stenosis), established renal damage, and hypertension. pigs with rvd t ... | 2014 | 25377076 |
| meat species identification using loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay targeting species-specific mitochondrial dna. | meat source fraud and adulteration scandals have led to consumer demands for accurate meat identification methods. nucleotide amplification assays have been proposed as an alternative method to protein-based assays for meat identification. in this study, we designed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assays targeting species-specific mitochondrial dna to identify and discriminate eight meat species; cattle, pig, horse, goat, sheep, chicken, duck, and turkey. the lamp primer sets were ... | 2014 | 26761677 |
| high-resolution melting of 12s rrna and cytochrome b dna sequences for discrimination of species within distinct european animal families. | the cheap and easy identification of species is necessary within multiple fields of molecular biology. the use of high-resolution melting (hrm) of dna provides a fast closed-tube method for analysis of the sequence composition of the mitochondrial genes 12s rrna and cytochrome b. we investigated the potential use of hrm for species identification within eleven different animal groups commonly found in europe by animal-group-specific dna amplification followed by dna melting. influence factors as ... | 2014 | 25531439 |
| utility of cell viability assays for use with ex vivo vocal fold epithelial tissue. | ex vivo models are routinely used to investigate the barrier function of the vocal fold epithelium. however, there are limited reports on assays that can be used to investigate the effect of clinically relevant challenges on vocal fold epithelial tissue viability. our objective was to determine the utility of two assays routinely used in cell culture-a cellular metabolic activity assay and a cell membrane integrity assay-to investigate the viability of ex vivo porcine vocal fold epithelium. | 2014 | 25511412 |
| activation of intervertebral disc cells by co-culture with notochordal cells, conditioned medium and hypoxia. | notochordal cells (nc) remain in the focus of research for regenerative therapy for the degenerated intervertebral disc (ivd) due to their progenitor status. recent findings suggested their regenerative action on more mature disc cells, presumably by the secretion of specific factors, which has been described as notochordal cell conditioned medium (nccm). the aim of this study was to determine nc culture conditions (2d/3d, fetal calf serum, oxygen level) that lead to significant ivd cell activat ... | 2014 | 25496082 |
| hepadnavirus detected in bile and liver samples from domestic pigs of commercial abattoirs. | preliminary studies showed the prevalence of a virus similar to human hepatitis b virus (hbv-like) in swine from farms in china and the molecular evidence of hepadnavirus infection in domestic pigs herds in brazil. in this study, we genetically characterize the swine hepadnavirus strains in swine from slaughterhouses located in certified abattoirs from rio de janeiro state, brazil and evaluate its hepatotropic potential. | 2014 | 25495746 |
| biomechanical evaluation of three fixation modalities for preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair: a 24-hour postoperative study in pigs. | tacks and sutures ensure a strong fixation of meshes, but they can be associated with pain and discomfort. less invasive methods are now available. three fixation modalities were compared: the progrip™ laparoscopic self-fixating mesh; the fibrin glue tisseel™ with bard™ soft mesh; and the sorbafix™ absorbable fixation system with bard™ soft mesh. | 2014 | 25525396 |
| epidemiology of pathogenic enterobacteria in humans, livestock, and peridomestic rodents in rural madagascar. | among the families of enteric bacteria are globally important diarrheal agents. despite their potential for zoonotic and environmental transmission, few studies have examined the epidemiology of these pathogens in rural systems characterized by extensive overlap among humans, domesticated and peridomestic animals. we investigated patterns of infection with enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, shigella spp., salmonella enterica, vibrio cholerae, and yersinia spp. (enterocolitica, and pseudotuberculo ... | 2014 | 24983990 |
| characterisation of the active/de-active transition of mitochondrial complex i. | oxidation of nadh in the mitochondrial matrix of aerobic cells is catalysed by mitochondrial complex i. the regulation of this mitochondrial enzyme is not completely understood. an interesting characteristic of complex i from some organisms is the ability to adopt two distinct states: the so-called catalytically active (a) and the de-active, dormant state (d). the a-form in situ can undergo de-activation when the activity of the respiratory chain is limited (i.e. in the absence of oxygen). the m ... | 2014 | 24569053 |
| effect of gaseous ozone exposure on the bacteria counts and oxidative properties of ground hanwoo beef at refrigeration temperature. | this study was designed to elucidate the effect of ozone exposure on the bacteria counts and oxidative properties of ground hanwoo beef contaminated with escherichia coli o157:h7 at refrigeration temperature. ground beef was inoculated with 7 log cfu/g of e. coli o157:h7 isolated from domestic pigs and was then subjected to ozone exposure (10×10(-6) kg o3 h(-1)) at 4℃ for 3 d. e. coli o157:h7, total aerobic and anaerobic bacterial growth and oxidative properties including instrumental color chan ... | 2014 | 26761291 |
| decomposition odour profiling in the air and soil surrounding vertebrate carrion. | chemical profiling of decomposition odour is conducted in the environmental sciences to detect malodourous target sources in air, water or soil. more recently decomposition odour profiling has been employed in the forensic sciences to generate a profile of the volatile organic compounds (vocs) produced by decomposed remains. the chemical profile of decomposition odour is still being debated with variations in the voc profile attributed to the sample collection technique, method of chemical analy ... | 2014 | 24740412 |
| first report of corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis from caseous lymphadenitis lesions in black alentejano pig (sus scrofa domesticus). | corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the etiologic agent of caseous lymphadenitis, a common disease in small ruminant populations throughout the world and responsible for a significant economic impact for producers. | 2014 | 25240511 |
| direct detection and differentiation of pathogenic leptospira species using a multi-gene targeted real time pcr approach. | leptospirosis is a growing public and veterinary health concern caused by pathogenic species of leptospira. rapid and reliable laboratory tests for the direct detection of leptospiral infections in animals are in high demand not only to improve diagnosis but also for understanding the epidemiology of the disease. in this work we describe a novel and simple taqman-based multi-gene targeted real-time pcr approach able to detect and differentiate leptospira interrogans, l. kirschneri, l. borgpetere ... | 2014 | 25398140 |
| 'black sheep' that don't leave the double-stranded rna-binding domain fold. | the canonical double-stranded rna (dsrna)-binding domain (dsrbd) is composed of an α1-β1-β2-β3-α2 secondary structure that folds in three dimensions to recognize dsrna. recently, structural and functional studies of divergent dsrbds revealed adaptations that include intra- and/or intermolecular protein interactions, sometimes in the absence of detectable dsrna-binding ability. we describe here how discrete dsrbd components can accommodate pronounced amino-acid sequence changes while maintaining ... | 2014 | 24954387 |
| a quantitative prioritisation of human and domestic animal pathogens in europe. | disease or pathogen risk prioritisations aid understanding of infectious agent impact within surveillance or mitigation and biosecurity work, but take significant development. previous work has shown the h-(hirsch-)index as an alternative proxy. we present a weighted risk analysis describing infectious pathogen impact for human health (human pathogens) and well-being (domestic animal pathogens) using an objective, evidence-based, repeatable approach; the h-index. this study established the highe ... | 2014 | 25136810 |
| epidemiology of leptospirosis in africa: a systematic review of a neglected zoonosis and a paradigm for 'one health' in africa. | leptospirosis is an important but neglected bacterial zoonosis that has been largely overlooked in africa. in this systematic review, we aimed to summarise and compare current knowledge of: (1) the geographic distribution, prevalence, incidence and diversity of acute human leptospirosis in africa; and (2) the geographic distribution, host range, prevalence and diversity of leptospira spp. infection in animal hosts in africa. | 2015 | 26368568 |
| serosurvey of smooth brucella, leptospira spp. and toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging jaguars (panthera onca) and domestic animals from brazil. | this study investigated the exposure of jaguar populations and domestic animals to smooth brucella, leptospira spp. and toxoplasma gondii in the cerrado, pantanal and amazon biomes of brazil. between february 2000 and january 2010, serum samples from 31 jaguars (panthera onca), 1,245 cattle (bos taurus), 168 domestic dogs (canis lupus familiaris) and 29 domestic cats (felis catus) were collected and analysed by rose bengal test for smooth brucella, microscopic agglutination test for leptospira s ... | 2015 | 26605787 |
| novel real-time pcr detection assay for brucella suis. | brucella suis is the causative agent of brucellosis in suidae and is differentiated into five biovars (bv). biovars 1 and 3 possess zoonotic potential and can infect humans, whereas biovar 2 represents the main source of brucellosis in feral and domestic pigs in europe. both aspects, the zoonotic threat and the economic loss, emphasize the necessity to monitor feral and domestic pig populations. available serological or pcr based methods lack sensitivity and specificity. | 2015 | 26392898 |
| redox state of flavin adenine dinucleotide drives substrate binding and product release in escherichia coli succinate dehydrogenase. | the complex ii family of enzymes, comprising respiratory succinate dehydrogenases and fumarate reductases, catalyzes reversible interconversion of succinate and fumarate. in contrast to the covalent flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad) cofactor assembled in these enzymes, soluble fumarate reductases (e.g., those from shewanella frigidimarina) that assemble a noncovalent fad cannot catalyze succinate oxidation but retain the ability to reduce fumarate. in this study, an sdha-h45a variant that elimin ... | 2015 | 25569225 |
| pbmc transcriptomic responses to primary and secondary vaccination differ due to divergent lean growth and antibody titers in a pig model. | the genetic relationship between immune responsiveness and performance is not well understood, but a major topic of the evolution of resource allocation and of relevance in human medicine and livestock breeding, for instance. this study aims to show differences of transcript abundance changes during the time intervals before and after two tetanus toxoid (tt) vaccinations in domestic pigs differing in lean growth (lg) and anti-tt-antibody titers (ab) parameters of performance and immunocompetence ... | 2015 | 26175500 |
| standardization of the experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (eamg) model by immunization of rats with torpedo californica acetylcholine receptors--recommendations for methods and experimental designs. | myasthenia gravis (mg) with antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (achr) is characterized by a chronic, fatigable weakness of voluntary muscles. the production of autoantibodies involves the dysregulation of t cells which provide the environment for the development of autoreactive b cells. the symptoms are caused by destruction of the postsynaptic membrane and degradation of the achr by igg autoantibodies, predominantly of the g1 and g3 subclasses. active immunization of animals with ach ... | 2015 | 25796590 |
| a lentiviral vector expressing japanese encephalitis virus-like particles elicits broad neutralizing antibody response in pigs. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is the major cause of viral encephalitis in southeast asia. vaccination of domestic pigs has been suggested as a "one health" strategy to reduce viral disease transmission to humans. the efficiency of two lentiviral trip/jev vectors expressing the jev envelope prm and e glycoproteins at eliciting protective humoral response was assessed in a mouse model and piglets. | 2015 | 26437302 |
| increased b and t cell responses in m. bovis bacille calmette-guérin vaccinated pigs co-immunized with plasmid dna encoding a prototype tuberculosis antigen. | the only tuberculosis vaccine currently available, bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) is a poor inducer of cd8(+) t cells, which are particularly important for the control of latent tuberculosis and protection against reactivation. as the induction of strong cd8(+) t cell responses is a hallmark of dna vaccines, a combination of bcg with plasmid dna encoding a prototype tb antigen (ag85a) was tested. as an alternative animal model, pigs were primed with bcg mixed with empty vector or codon-optimized ... | 2015 | 26172261 |
| genome wide distributions and functional characterization of copy number variations between chinese and western pigs. | copy number variations (cnvs) refer to large insertions, deletions and duplications in the genomic structure ranging from one thousand to several million bases in size. since the development of next generation sequencing technology, several methods have been well built for detection of copy number variations with high credibility and accuracy. evidence has shown that cnv occurring in gene region could lead to phenotypic changes due to the alteration in gene structure and dosage. however, it stil ... | 2015 | 26154170 |
| alpha-crystallin-derived peptides as therapeutic chaperones. | the demonstration of chaperone-like activity in peptides (mini-chaperones) derived from α-crystallin's chaperone region has generated significant interest in exploring the therapeutic potential of peptide chaperones in diseases of protein aggregation. recent studies in experimental animals show that mini-chaperones could reach intended targets and alter the disease phenotype. although mini-chaperones show potential benefits against protein aggregation diseases, they do tend to form aggregates on ... | 2015 | 26141743 |
| using genome-wide measures of coancestry to maintain diversity and fitness in endangered and domestic pig populations. | conservation and breeding programs aim at maintaining the most diversity, thereby avoiding deleterious effects of inbreeding while maintaining enough variation from which traits of interest can be selected. theoretically, the most diversity is maintained using optimal contributions based on many markers to calculate coancestries, but this can decrease fitness by maintaining linked deleterious variants. the heterogeneous patterns of coancestry displayed in pigs make them an excellent model to tes ... | 2015 | 26063737 |
| comparisons and uncertainty in fat and adipose tissue estimation techniques: the northern elephant seal as a case study. | fat mass and body condition are important metrics in bioenergetics and physiological studies. they can also link foraging success with demographic rates, making them key components of models that predict population-level outcomes of environmental change. therefore, it is important to incorporate uncertainty in physiological indicators if results will lead to species management decisions. maternal fat mass in elephant seals (mirounga spp) can predict reproductive rate and pup survival, but no one ... | 2015 | 26121044 |
| chemical and metabolic profiling of si-ni decoction analogous formulae by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. | along with an indispensable role in healthcare system of china for centuries, traditional chinese medicine (tcm) shows increasing usages as complementary therapy in western countries. to improve our understanding on their therapeutic effects, it's critical to unveil chemical compositions of tcm formula, the predominant form of therapy in tcm. however, intrinsic chemical complexity makes it a challenging task to perform analysis on each individual tcm formula even with most current state-of-art a ... | 2015 | 26118924 |
| cross-reactivity between aeroallergens and food allergens. | in patients with respiratory allergy, cross-reactivity between aeroallergens and foods may induce food allergy, symptoms ranging from oral allergy syndrome to severe anaphylaxis. clinical entities due to ige sensitization to cross-reactive aeroallergen and food allergen components are described for many sources of plant origin (pollen-food syndromes and associations, such as birch-apple, cypress-peach and celery-mugwort-spice syndromes, and mugwort-peach, mugwort-chamomile, mugwort-mustard, ragw ... | 2015 | 26140270 |
| epitope recognition in the human-pig comparison model on fixed and embedded material. | the conditions and the specificity by which an antibody binds to its target protein in routinely fixed and embedded tissues are unknown. direct methods, such as staining in a knock-out animal or in vitro peptide scanning of the epitope, are costly and impractical. we aimed to elucidate antibody specificity and binding conditions using tissue staining and public genomic and immunological databases by comparing human and pig-the farmed mammal evolutionarily closest to humans besides apes. we used ... | 2015 | 26209082 |
| yersinia enterocolitica isolates from wild boars hunted in lower saxony, germany. | yersiniosis is strongly associated with the consumption of pork contaminated with enteropathogenic yersinia enterocolitica, which is harbored by domestic pigs without showing clinical signs of disease. in contrast to data on y. enterocolitica isolated from conventionally reared swine, investigations into the occurrence of y. enterocolitica in wild boars in germany are rare. the objectives of the study were to get knowledge about these bacteria and their occurrence in wild boars hunted in norther ... | 2015 | 25956779 |
| expansion of the hsfy gene family in pig lineages : hsfy expansion in suids. | amplified gene families on sex chromosomes can harbour genes with important biological functions, especially relating to fertility. the y-linked heat shock transcription factor (hsfy) family has become amplified on the y chromosome of the domestic pig (sus scrofa), in an apparently independent event to an hsfy expansion on the y chromosome of cattle (bos taurus). although the biological functions of hsfy genes are poorly understood, they appear to be involved in gametogenesis in a number of mamm ... | 2015 | 26055083 |
| serologic and molecular survey for hepatitis e virus in wild boar (sus scrofa) in central italy. | the aim of this study was to further investigate the role of wild boar (sus scrofa) as a reservoir for hepatitis e virus (hev). sixty-four blood and faecal samples collected from wild boar hunted in central italy in 2011-2012 were examined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rt-pcr analysis. positive rt-pcr samples were further examined by nucleotide sequence determination and subsequent phylogenetic analysis. thirty-six sera (56.2%) were positive for hev-specific antibodies, and s ... | 2015 | 26199731 |
| hybrid origin of european commercial pigs examined by an in-depth haplotype analysis on chromosome 1. | although all farm animals have an original source of domestication, a large variety of modern breeds exist that are phenotypically highly distinct from the ancestral wild population. this phenomenon can be the result of artificial selection or gene flow from other sources into the domesticated population. the eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) has been domesticated at least twice in two geographically distinct regions during the neolithic revolution when hunting shifted to farming. prior to the est ... | 2015 | 25601878 |
| pharmacokinetics of 1-methyl-l-tryptophan after single and repeated subcutaneous application in a porcine model. | increased activity of the tryptophan-metabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) is associated with immunological and neurological disorders, and inhibition of its enzyme activity could be a therapeutic approach for treatment of these disorders. the aim of the present study was to establish a large animal model to study the accumulation of the potential ido inhibitor 1-methyltryptophan (1-mt) in blood and different organs of domestic pigs (sus scrofa domestica). because 1-mt has not be ... | 2015 | 26725587 |
| evidence for adaptation of porcine toll-like receptors. | naturally endemic infectious diseases provide selective pressures for pig populations. toll-like receptors (tlrs) represent the first line of immune defense against pathogens and are likely to play a crucial adaptive role for pig populations. this study was done to determine whether wild and domestic pig populations representing diverse global environments demonstrate local tlr adaptation. the genomic sequence encoding the ectodomain, responsible for interacting with pathogen ligands of bacteria ... | 2015 | 26701185 |
| cumulative stress in research animals: telomere attrition as a biomarker in a welfare context? | progress in improving animal welfare is currently limited by the lack of objective methods for assessing lifetime experience. i propose that telomere attrition, a cellular biomarker of biological age, provides a molecular measure of cumulative experience that could be used to assess the welfare impact of husbandry regimes and/or experimental procedures on non-human animals. i review evidence from humans that telomere attrition is accelerated by negative experiences in a cumulative and dose-depen ... | 2015 | 26645576 |
| controlling of csfv in european wild boar using oral vaccination: a review. | classical swine fever (csf) is among the most detrimental diseases for the swine industry worldwide. infected wild boar populations can play a crucial role in csf epidemiology and controlling wild reservoirs is of utmost importance for preventing domestic outbreaks. oral mass vaccination (omv) has been implemented to control csf in wild boars and limit the spill over to domestic pigs. this retrospective overview of vaccination experiences illustrates the potential for that option. the c-strain l ... | 2015 | 26557109 |
| a novel colonoscope with panoramic visualization detected more simulated polyps than conventional colonoscopy in a live swine model. | the aer-o-scope™ colonoscope system (aos) combines panoramic 360° view with standard forward view. we assessed the aos's ability to identify lesions implanted in live swine, compared to conventional colonoscopy (cc). | 2015 | 26716128 |
| use of fish scale-derived biocornea to seal full-thickness corneal perforations in pig models. | the aim of this study was to test the use of biocornea, a fish scale-derived collagen matrix for sealing full-thickness corneal perforations in mini-pigs. two series of experiments were carried out in 8 lan-yu and 3 göttingen mini-pigs, respectively. a 2mm central full thickness corneal perforation was made with surgical scissors and 2mm trephines. the perforations were sealed immediately by suturing biocornea to the wounded cornea. the conditions of each patched cornea were followed-up daily fo ... | 2015 | 26599018 |
| simulating the distribution of individual livestock farms and their populations in the united states: an example using domestic swine (sus scrofa domesticus) farms. | livestock distribution in the united states (u.s.) can only be mapped at a county-level or worse resolution. we developed a spatial microsimulation model called the farm location and agricultural production simulator (flaps) that simulated the distribution and populations of individual livestock farms throughout the conterminous u.s. using domestic pigs (sus scrofa domesticus) as an example species, we customized iterative proportional-fitting algorithms for the hierarchical structure of the u.s ... | 2015 | 26571497 |
| monoclonal antibodies to human butyrylcholinesterase reactive with butyrylcholinesterase in animal plasma. | five mouse anti-human butyrylcholinesterase (bche) monoclonal antibodies bind tightly to native human bche with nanomolar dissociation constants. pairing analysis in the octet system identified the monoclonal antibodies that bind to overlapping and independent epitopes on human bche. the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of 4 monoclonal antibodies are deposited in genbank. our goal was to determine which of the 5 monoclonal antibodies recognize bche in the plasma of animals. binding of monoclo ... | 2015 | 26585590 |
| the biarzo case in northern italy: is the temporal dynamic of swine mitochondrial dna lineages in europe related to domestication? | genetically-based reconstructions of the history of pig domestication in europe are based on two major pillars: 1) the temporal changes of mitochondrial dna lineages are related to domestication; 2) near eastern haplotypes which appeared and then disappeared in some sites across europe are genetic markers of the first near eastern domestic pigs. we typed a small but informative fragment of the mitochondrial dna in 23 sus scrofa samples from a site in north eastern italy (biarzo shelter) which pr ... | 2015 | 26549464 |
| interchangeability of electrocardiography and blood pressure measurement for determining heart rate and heart rate variability in free-moving domestic pigs in various behavioral contexts. | this study assessed the interchangeability between heart rate (hr) and heart rate variability (hrv) measures derived from a series of interbeat intervals (ibis) recorded via electrocardiogram (ecg) and intra-arterial blood pressure (bp) in various behavioral contexts. five minutes of simultaneously recorded ibis from ecg and bp signals in 11 female domestic pigs during resting, feeding, and active behavior were analyzed. comparisons were made for measures of hr, the standard deviation of ibis, a ... | 2015 | 26664979 |
| radionuclide therapy of unresectable tumors with avidinox and (90)y-biotindota: tongue cancer paradigm. | local treatment of unresectable tumors is challenging, particularly with radioactivity. current practice relies on external beam irradiation or on a variety of medical devices for brachytherapy. both approaches proved useful in controlling tumor growth, but are characterized by poor compliance of the patient, significant side-effects, high costs, and technological complexity, which hamper widespread use. the authors recently described a novel form of radionuclide therapy based on the oxidized fo ... | 2015 | 26167947 |
| urinary hepcidin levels in iron-deficient and iron-supplemented piglets correlate with hepcidin hepatic mrna and serum levels and with body iron status. | among livestock, domestic pig (sus scrofa) is a species, in which iron metabolism has been most intensively examined during last decade. the obvious reason for studying the regulation of iron homeostasis especially in young pigs is neonatal iron deficiency anemia commonly occurring in these animals. moreover, supplementation of essentially all commercially reared piglets with iron entails a need for monitoring the efficacy of this routine practice followed in the swine industry for several decad ... | 2015 | 26323096 |
| exploring evidence of positive selection reveals genetic basis of meat quality traits in berkshire pigs through whole genome sequencing. | natural and artificial selection following domestication has led to the existence of more than a hundred pig breeds, as well as incredible variation in phenotypic traits. berkshire pigs are regarded as having superior meat quality compared to other breeds. as the meat production industry seeks selective breeding approaches to improve profitable traits such as meat quality, information about genetic determinants of these traits is in high demand. however, most of the studies have been performed u ... | 2015 | 26289667 |
| effects of dietary protein/energy ratio on growth performance, carcass trait, meat quality, and plasma metabolites in pigs of different genotypes. | the protein/energy ratio is important for the production performance and utilization of available feed resources by animals. increased protein consumption by mammals leads to elevated feed costs and increased nitrogen release into the environment. this study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary protein/energy ratio on the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and plasma metabolites of pigs of different genotypes. | 2015 | 26279834 |
| increasing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation flow negatively affects left ventricular performance in a porcine model of cardiogenic shock. | the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between extracorporeal blood flow (ebf) and left ventricular (lv) performance during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (va ecmo) therapy. | 2015 | 26275717 |
| hybrid-modality ocular imaging using a clinical ultrasound system and nanosecond pulsed laser. | hybrid optical modality imaging is a special type of multimodality imaging significantly used in the recent past in order to harness the strengths of different imaging methods as well as to furnish complementary information beyond that provided by any individual method. we present a hybrid-modality imaging system based on a commercial clinical ultrasound imaging (usi) system using a linear array ultrasound transducer (ust) and a tunable nanosecond pulsed laser as the source. the integrated syste ... | 2015 | 26835487 |
| genomic diversity and differentiation of a managed island wild boar population. | the evolution of island populations in natural systems is driven by local adaptation and genetic drift. however, evolutionary pathways may be altered by humans in several ways. the wild boar (wb) (sus scrofa) is an iconic game species occurring in several islands, where it has been strongly managed since prehistoric times. we examined genomic diversity at 49 803 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 99 sardinian wbs and compared them with 196 wild specimens from mainland europe and 105 domestic pig ... | 2015 | 26243137 |
| osteochondrosis, but not lameness, is more frequent among free-range pigs than confined herd-mates. | organic pig production is expanding and amongst the objectives of organic farming are enhancing animal health and welfare. however, some studies have reported a higher prevalence of lameness and joint condemnation at slaughter in free-range/organic pigs than in conventionally raised pigs. organic slaughter pigs have free-range housing in which indoor and outdoor access is compulsory, while in conventional farming the pigs are commonly confined to indoor pens. the present study evaluated the effe ... | 2015 | 26416598 |
| the importance of the canonical wnt signaling pathway in the porcine endometrial stromal stem/progenitor cells: implications for regeneration. | the regenerative ability of the endometrium is strongly associated with the presence of adult stem/progenitor cells. purposes of the present study were (1) to establish the presence of stem/progenitor cells in porcine endometrial stroma using a clonogenic assay and (2) to investigate whether the canonical wnt pathway affects the potential of stem/progenitor cells to undergo self-renewal or differentiation. the utility of endometrial stromal clones as a model for stem/progenitor studies was evalu ... | 2015 | 26414529 |
| spatiotemporal trends in the discovery of new swine infectious agents. | a literature review was conducted to assess the spatiotemporal trend and diversity of infectious agents that were newly found in pigs between 1985 and 2010. we identified 173 new variants from 91 species, of which 73 species had not been previously described in pigs. these new species, of which one third was zoonotic, were taxonomically diverse. they were identified throughout the study period, predominantly in the main pork producing countries, with the rate of discovery of new virus variants d ... | 2015 | 26412219 |
| assessment of ttx-s and ttx-r action potential conduction along neurites of ngf and gdnf cultured porcine drg somata. | nine isoforms of voltage-gated sodium channels (nav) have been characterized and in excitable tissues they are responsible for the initiation and conduction of action potentials. for primary afferent neurons residing in dorsal root ganglia (drg), individual neurons may express multiple nav isoforms extending the neuron's functional capabilities. since expression of nav isoforms can be differentially regulated by neurotrophic factors we have examined the functional consequences of exposure to eit ... | 2015 | 26407014 |
| signaling pathways related to protein synthesis and amino acid concentration in pig skeletal muscles depend on the dietary protein level, genotype and developmental stages. | muscle growth is regulated by the homeostatic balance of the biosynthesis and degradation of muscle proteins. to elucidate the molecular interactions among diet, pig genotype, and physiological stage, we examined the effect of dietary protein concentration, pig genotype, and physiological stages on amino acid (aa) pools, protein deposition, and related signaling pathways in different types of skeletal muscles. the study used 48 landrace pigs and 48 pure-bred bama mini-pigs assigned to each of 2 ... | 2015 | 26394157 |
| mitochondrial genome analyses suggest multiple trichuris species in humans, baboons, and pigs from different geographical regions. | the whipworms trichuris trichiura and trichuris suis are two parasitic nematodes of humans and pigs, respectively. although whipworms in human and non-human primates historically have been referred to as t. trichiura, recent reports suggest that several trichuris spp. are found in primates. | 2015 | 26367282 |
| genome-wide analysis of dna methylation in pigs using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. | dna methylation plays a major role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. although a few dna methylation profiling studies of porcine genome which is one of the important biomedical models for human diseases have been reported, the available data are still limited. we tried to study methylation patterns of diverse pig tissues as a study of the international swine methylome consortium to generate the swine reference methylome map to extensively evaluate the methylation profile of the pi ... | 2015 | 26358297 |
| the genetics of deafness in domestic animals. | although deafness can be acquired throughout an animal's life from a variety of causes, hereditary deafness, especially congenital hereditary deafness, is a significant problem in several species. extensive reviews exist of the genetics of deafness in humans and mice, but not for deafness in domestic animals. hereditary deafness in many species and breeds is associated with loci for white pigmentation, where the cochlear pathology is cochleo-saccular. in other cases, there is no pigmentation ass ... | 2015 | 26664958 |
| chest compression synchronized ventilation versus intermitted positive pressure ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a pig model. | guidelines recommend mechanical ventilation with intermitted positive pressure ventilation (ippv) during resuscitation. the influence of the novel ventilator mode chest compression synchronized ventilation (ccsv) on gas exchange and arterial blood pressure compared with ippv was investigated in a pig model. | 2015 | 26011525 |
| the influence of antral ulcers on intramural gastric nerve projections supplying the pyloric sphincter in the pig (sus scrofa domestica)-neuronal tracing studies. | gastric ulcerations in the region of antrum pylori represent a serious medical problem in humans and animals. such localization of ulcers can influence the intrinsic descending nerve supply to the pyloric sphincter. the pyloric function is precisely regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic nerves. impaired neural regulation could result in pyloric sphincter dysfunction and gastric emptying malfunction. the aim of the study was to determine the effect of gastric antral ulcerations on the density and ... | 2015 | 25962176 |
| early postnatal respiratory viral infection induces structural and neurochemical changes in the neonatal piglet brain. | infections that cause inflammation during the postnatal period are common, yet little is known about their impact on brain development in gyrencephalic species. to address this issue, we investigated brain development in domestic piglets which have brain growth and morphology similar to human infants, after experimentally infecting them with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) to induce an interstitial pneumonia piglets were inoculated with prrsv on postnatal day (pd) 7 a ... | 2015 | 25967923 |
| pirnas from pig testis provide evidence for a conserved role of the piwi pathway in post-transcriptional gene regulation in mammals. | piwi-interacting (pi-) rnas guide germline-expressed piwi proteins in order to suppress the activity of transposable elements (tes). but notably, the majority of pachytene pirnas in mammalian testes is not related to tes. this raises the question of whether the piwi/pirna pathway exerts functions beyond te silencing. although gene-derived pirnas were described many times, a possible gene-regulatory function was doubted due to the absence of antisense pirnas. here we sequenced and analyzed pirnas ... | 2015 | 25950437 |
| a next generation semiconductor based sequencing approach for the identification of meat species in dna mixtures. | the identification of the species of origin of meat and meat products is an important issue to prevent and detect frauds that might have economic, ethical and health implications. in this paper we evaluated the potential of the next generation semiconductor based sequencing technology (ion torrent personal genome machine) for the identification of dna from meat species (pig, horse, cattle, sheep, rabbit, chicken, turkey, pheasant, duck, goose and pigeon) as well as from human and rat in dna mixt ... | 2015 | 25923709 |
| experimental infection with the toxoplasma gondii me-49 strain in the brazilian br-1 mini pig is a suitable animal model for human toxoplasmosis. | toxoplasma gondii causes toxoplasmosis, a worldwide disease. experimentation with pigs is necessary for the development of new therapeutic approaches to human diseases. br-1 mini pigs were intramuscularly infected with t. gondii with tachyzoites (rh strain) or orally infected with cysts (me-49 strain). haematology and serum biochemistry were analysed and buffy coat cells were inoculated in mice to determine tachyzoite circulation. no alterations were observed in erythrocyte and platelet values; ... | 2015 | 25742268 |
| effect of body mass and clothing on carrion entomofauna. | carcass mass largely affects pattern and rate of carrion decomposition. supposedly, it is similarly important for carrion entomofauna; however, most of its likely effects have not been tested experimentally. here, simultaneous effects of carcass mass and clothing are analyzed. a factorial block experiment with four levels of carcass mass (small carcasses 5-15 kg, medium carcasses 15.1-30 kg, medium/large carcasses 35-50 kg, large carcasses 55-70 kg) and two levels of carcass clothing (clothed an ... | 2015 | 25874664 |