Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| geographic genetic variation in populations of the dengue virus vector aedes aegypti. | isoenzyme variation was assessed in 79 mosquito samples of aedes aegypti, and susceptibility to a dengue 2 virus strain was evaluated in 83 samples. analysis of fst values, differentiation indexes, and geographic distances separating populations revealed that genetic differences between populations depended on the species' history of migration and colonization. three major clusters were identified: (1). the sylvan form, ae. ae. formosus, from west africa and some islands in the indian ocean; (2) ... | 2002 | 12486524 |
| evaluation of the residual effect of temephos on aedes aegypti (diptera, culicidae) larvae in artificial containers in manaus, amazonas state, brazil. | trial tests and container observations were conducted in households to verify the residual effect of temephos in manaus, amazonas state, brazil. three plastic buckets, three tin cans, and three tires filled with water from an artesian well and larvicide were used in the experiment, with twenty-five third-instar larvae, which remained exposed for 24h, followed by mortality readings. the same types of containers were selected from common households. collection and counts followed by chemical treat ... | 2002 | 12488878 |
| cross-resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides induced by selection with temephos in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) from cuba. | a sample of aedes aegypti (l.) from santiago de cuba, cuba, with a high level of temephos resistance (19.58x at the 50% lethal concentration [lc50]), was subjected to temephos selection to evaluate the utility of this organophosphate insecticide for mosquito control. high resistance developed after six generations of selection (200.00x). little or no cross-resistance was observed to the organophosphates, malathion and fenitrothion, but high cross-resistance was observed for the pyrethroid deltam ... | 2002 | 12495187 |
| completion of the sequence of the nuclear ribosomal dna subunit of simulium sanctipauli, with descriptions of the 18s, 28s genes and the igs. | we describe the igs-ets, 18s and 28s ribosomal gene sequences of simulium sanctipauli vajime & dunbar, a member of the s. damnosum theobald (diptera: simuliidae) complex of blackflies (diptera: simuliidae). these regions, together with the its-1, its-2 and 5.8s rdna presented elsewhere (accession number u36206), constitute the composite sequence of the entire rdna unit, making s. sanctipauli the second dipteran species of medical importance for which the entire rdna has been sequenced. despite t ... | 2002 | 12510891 |
| isoenzyme variation in aedes aegypti correlated with dirofilaria immitis infectability. | from the vero beach strain of the mosquito aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae), substrains were selected for susceptibility (ss) and refractoriness (rr) to the dog heartworm dirofilaria immitis (leidy) (filarioidea: onchocercidae). these two lines and their reciprocal f1 hybrids were analysed for genetic variation at 14 enzyme loci, using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. six of the enzyme loci showed variation (sample size 48 alleles/locus/line). three of these were monomorphi ... | 2002 | 12510895 |
| isoenzyme differentiation of aedes aegypti populations in french guiana. | population genetics of peri-domestic aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae), vector of dengue and yellow fever, were investigated by gel electrophoresis of 10 enzyme loci in 14 samples of mosquito larvae collected in 1997-1998 from localities separated by distances of 3-275 km in french guiana. genetic differentiation between geographical populations was generally high (mean fst = +0.111, p < 10(-5)) even among seven sites <30 km apart (fst = +0.137, p < 0.05), but not positively correlated with dis ... | 2002 | 12510901 |
| host-specific cues cause differential attractiveness of kenyan men to the african malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | many studies have suggested that variability in the attractiveness of humans to host-seeking mosquitoes is caused by differences in the make-up of body emanations, and olfactory signals in particular. most investigations have either been laboratory-based, utilising odour obtained from sections of the body, or have been done in the field with sampling methods that do not discriminate between visual, physical and chemical cues of the host. accordingly, evidence for differential attractiveness base ... | 2002 | 12513703 |
| laboratory evaluation of vectobac as against aedes aegypti in monterrey, nuevo león, mexico. | intensive use of the organophosphate insecticide malathion against adults and temephos against larvae of aedes aegypti in mexico over the past 30 years has led to problems requiring the use of new larvicides. toward this objective, bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti), a target-specific and environmentally safer control agent, was evaluated. laboratory bioassays were done to determine the susceptibility of 2nd- and 3rd-stage larvae of ae. aegypti to vectobac 12 as (aqueous suspension, 6 ... | 2002 | 12545970 |
| fast and slow blood-feeding durations of aedes aegypti mosquitoes in trinidad. | the duration of blood feeding by similar-sized aedes aegypti (l.) was determined under laboratory conditions in trinidad, west indies. ae. aegypti from the f0 generation contained individuals that fed quickly (106.2 seconds) as well as slowly (330.0 seconds). among the fast feeders (<2 min), the time taken for blood feeding during the first gonotrophic cycle was much shorter than that observed for the 2nd, 3rd and 4th gonotrophic cycles. in contrast, among the slow feeders the time taken was muc ... | 2002 | 12546453 |
| larvicidal activity of isobutylamides identified in piper nigrum fruits against three mosquito species. | the insecticidal activity of materials derived from the fruits of piper nigrum against third instar larvae of culex pipiens pallens, aedes aegypti, and a. togoi was examined and compared with that of commercially available piperine, a known insecticidal compound from piper species. the biologically active constituents of p. nigrum fruits were characterized as the isobutylamide alkaloids pellitorine, guineensine, pipercide, and retrofractamide a by spectroscopic analysis. retrofractamide a was is ... | 2002 | 11902925 |
| microsatellite markers for population genetic studies in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) from côte d'ivoire: evidence for a microgeographic genetic differentiation of mosquitoes from bouaké. | in west africa, aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) (linnaeus, c., 1762. zweyter theil, enhalt beschreibungen veschiedener wichtiger naturalien. in: hasselquist, f. (ed.), reise nach palastina in den jahren von 1749 bis 1752, rostock, germany, pp. 267-606) represents the principal vector of yellow fever. this study reports the use of microsatellite markers to characterise various a. aegypti populations from côte d'ivoire according to a north-south transect, and to perform a temporal genetic surve ... | 2002 | 11904102 |
| specific detection of chikungunya virus using a rt-pcr/nested pcr combination. | chikungunya (chik) virus is enzootic in many countries in asia and throughout tropical africa. in asia the virus is transmitted from primates to humans almost exclusively by aedes aegypti, while various aedine mosquito species are responsible for human infections in africa. the clinical picture is characterized by a sudden onset of fever, rash and severe pain in the joints which may persist in a small proportion of cases. although not listed as a haemorrhagic fever virus, illness caused by chik ... | 2002 | 11911593 |
| epidemiological significanceof subterranean aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) breeding sites to dengue virus infection in charters towers, 1993. | the objective of this study wasto determine the epidemiological significance of subterranean mosquito breeding sites to the 1993 outbreak of dengue fever (type 2) in the northern queensland town of charters towers, australia. in recent studies on subterranean mosquito breeding, containers such as wells and service manholes have been shown to be important breeding sites to australia's only dengue vector, aedes aegypti (l.). this study demonstrates a direct epidemiological association between subt ... | 2002 | 11931248 |
| dengue in cuba: mobilisation against aedes aegypti. | 2002 | 11937420 | |
| dengue virus infection rate in field populations of female aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in singapore. | we developed a single-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) followed by a semi-nested pcr using an upstream consensus primer and four type-specific primers within the non-structural protein gene (ns3) of dengue viruses to type dengue viruses in field populations of female aedes mosquitoes. this yielded diagnostic fragments of 169, 362, 265 and 426 base pairs for dengue virus types 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. from 1997 to 2000, 54 (6.9%) of 781 aedes aegypti and 67 (2.9%) ... | 2002 | 11952948 |
| isolation of cdna clones encoding putative odourant binding proteins from the antennae of the malaria-transmitting mosquito, anopheles gambiae. | one way of controlling disease transmission by blood-feeding mosquitoes is to reduce the frequency of insect-host interaction, thus reducing the probability of parasite transmission and re-infection. a better understanding of the olfactory processes responsible for allowing mosquitoes to identify human hosts is required in order to develop methods that will interfere with host seeking. we have therefore initiated a molecular approach to isolate and characterize the genes and their products that ... | 2002 | 11966877 |
| germ line transformation of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, mediated by transpositional insertion of a piggybac vector. | mosquito-vectored diseases such as yellow fever and dengue fever continue to have a substantial impact on human populations world-wide. novel strategies for control of these mosquito vectored diseases can arise through the development of reliable systems for genetic manipulation of the insect vector. a piggybac vector marked with the drosophila melanogaster cinnabar (cn) gene was used to transform the white-eyed khw strain of aedes aegypti. microinjection of preblastoderm embryos resulted in fou ... | 2002 | 11966878 |
| the d7 family of salivary proteins in blood sucking diptera. | the d7 subfamily of salivary proteins is widespread in blood sucking diptera and belongs to the superfamily of pheromone/odourant binding proteins. although d7 proteins are among the most abundant salivary proteins in adult female mosquitoes and sand flies, their role in blood feeding remains elusive. in the present work we report the sequence of seventeen novel d7 proteins, and propose an evolutionary scenario for the appearance of the several forms of this protein, based on a total of twenty-o ... | 2002 | 11966880 |
| potential application of nonstructural protein ns1 serotype-specific immunoglobulin g enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the seroepidemiologic study of dengue virus infection: correlation of results with those of the plaque reduction neutralization test. | an ns1 serotype-specific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to differentiate primary and secondary dengue virus infections and serotypes of primary dengue virus infection. for this report, we carried out retrospective seroepidemiologic studies on serum samples collected from residents of liuchiu hsiang, pingtung county, an isolated island in southern taiwan during 1997-1998. the results demonstrated that good correlation existed between dengue virus ns1 serotype-spe ... | 2002 | 11980973 |
| hospital-based diagnosis of hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, and hepatitis in cambodian children. | surveillance was conducted for three clinical syndromes (hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, and hepatitis) in cambodian children admitted to the national pediatric hospital in phnom penh from july 1996 through september 1998. acute- and convalescent-phase sera, and cerebrospinal fluid, when applicable, underwent diagnostic evaluation for infections with dengue virus (denv), japanese encephalitis virus (jev), and hepatitis a, b, c, and e viruses. of 621 children admitted with hemorrhagic fever, 499 ... | 2002 | 11996683 |
| do plasmodium ookinetes invade a specific cell type in the mosquito midgut? | recent debate in plasmodium ookinete invasion has been centered on whether the parasite chooses a specific cell type to cross the midgut epithelium in the mosquito. a few publications have described the mosquito midgut being composed of complex surface-structures, histochemically and biochemically diverse cell types, and have proposed that plasmodium gallinaceum ookinetes prefers a specific cell type (ross cell) in aedes aegypti for crossing the midgut epithelium. two recent publications reporte ... | 2002 | 11998702 |
| an inexpensive intervention for the control of larval aedes aegypti assessed by an improved method of surveillance and analysis. | a sampling method coupled with statistical calibration factors was developed to accurately assess the numbers of larvae and pupae of aedes aegypti in large water-storage containers of variable capacities and water levels. aedes aegypti productivity in different types of breeding sites found in an urban study area in central colombia was assessed and compared. in this study, water-storage tanks and drums were found to comprise 79% of the containers positive for larval ae. aegypti, which contribut ... | 2002 | 11998929 |
| indoor thermal fogging against vector mosquitoes with two bacillus thuringiensis israelensis formulations, vectobac abg 6511 water-dispersible granules and vectobac 12as liquid. | bioefficacy of thermal fogging application of 2 bacillus thuringiensis israelensis formulations, vectobac abg 6511 water-dispersible granules (3,000 international toxic unit [itu]/mg) and vectobac 12as liquid (1,200 itu/mg), was assessed for larvicidal activities against aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, anopheles dirus, and culex quinquefasciatus. portable agrofog af35 sprayers were used to apply the 2 formulations indoors in residential premises on penang island, malaysia. vectobac abg 6511 sho ... | 2002 | 11998931 |
| an isolate of bacillus circulans toxic to mosquito larvae. | a new strain of bacillus circulans isolated from a larva of culex quinquefasciatus showed larvicidal activity on 3 mosquitoes of medical importance. compared to bacillus sphaericus strain 2362, this b. circulans isolate proved less toxic to cx. quinquefasciatus and anopheles gambiae but was 107 times more toxic to aedes aegypti. moreover, in comparison to other studies, b. circulans was at least as pathogenic as b. thuringiensis var. israelensis in ae. aegypti. the tests have showed that the tox ... | 2002 | 11998934 |
| ecdysteroids and oocyte development in the black fly simulium vittatum. | oocyte development was studied in the autogenous black fly, simulium vittatum (diptera, nematocera), a vector of onchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of onchocerciasis. | 2002 | 12015816 |
| vector infection determinants of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus reside within the e2 envelope glycoprotein. | epizootic subtype iab and ic venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses (veev) readily infect the epizootic mosquito vector aedes taeniorhynchus. the inability of enzootic subtype ie viruses to infect this mosquito species provides a model system for the identification of natural viral determinants of vector infectivity. to map mosquito infection determinants, reciprocal chimeric viruses generated from epizootic subtype iab and enzootic ie veev were tested for mosquito infectivity. chimeras containi ... | 2002 | 12021373 |
| detection of west nile virus antigen in mosquitoes and avian tissues by a monoclonal antibody-based capture enzyme immunoassay. | an antigen capture immunoassay to detect west nile (wn) virus antigen in infected mosquitoes and avian tissues has been developed. with this assay purified wn virus was detected at a concentration of 32 pg/0.1 ml, and antigen in infected suckling mouse brain and laboratory-infected mosquito pools could be detected when the wn virus titer was 10(2.1) to 10(3.7) pfu/0.1 ml. in a blindly coded set of field-collected mosquito pools (n = 100), this assay detected wn virus antigen in 12 of 18 (66.7%) ... | 2002 | 12037058 |
| cloning and molecular characterization of two mosquito iron regulatory proteins. | iron regulatory proteins (irps) control the synthesis of various proteins at the translational level by binding to iron responsive elements (ires) in the mrnas. iron, infection, and stress can alter irp/ire binding activity. insect messenger rnas for ferritin and succinate dehydrogenase subunit b have ires that are active translational control sites. we have cloned and sequenced cdnas encoding proteins from the irp1 family for the mosquitoes, aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae. both deduced ami ... | 2002 | 11891134 |
| dengue: an update. | this review is an update of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) based on international and cuban experience. we describe the virus characteristics and risk factors for dengue and dhf, and compare incidence and the case fatality rates in endemic regions (southeast asia, western pacific, and the americas). the clinical picture and the pathogenesis of the severe disease are explained. we also discuss the viral, individual, and environmental factors that determine severe disease. much more re ... | 2002 | 11892494 |
| nk t cells are a source of early interleukin-4 following infection with third-stage larvae of the filarial nematode brugia pahangi. | infection of c57bl/6 mice with the third-stage larvae of brugia pahangi results in a rapid expansion of nk1.1(+) t cells in the spleen and draining lymph nodes. nk t cells produced interleukin-4 in the spleen within 24 h of infection, and these cells were cd4(-). | 2002 | 11895990 |
| characterization of cyt2bc toxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin. | we cloned and sequenced a new cytolysin gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin. three is240-like insertion sequence elements and the previously cloned cyt1ab and p21 genes were found in the vicinity of the cytolysin gene. the cytolysin gene encodes a protein 29.7 kda in size that is 91.5% identical to cyt2ba from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and has been designated cyt2bc. inclusions containing cyt2bc were purified from the crystal-negative strain spl407 of b. thuringiensi ... | 2002 | 11872472 |
| transfer rna-dependent amino acid biosynthesis: an essential route to asparagine formation. | biochemical experiments and genomic sequence analysis showed that deinococcus radiodurans and thermus thermophilus do not possess asparagine synthetase (encoded by asna or asnb), the enzyme forming asparagine from aspartate. instead these organisms derive asparagine from asparaginyl-trna, which is made from aspartate in the trna-dependent transamidation pathway [becker, h. d. & kern, d. (1998) proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 95, 12832-12837; and curnow, a. w., tumbula, d. l., pelaschier, j. t., min, ... | 2002 | 11880622 |
| dengue virus infections. | dengue is the most important arthropod-borne viral disease of public health significance. its geographic distribution includes more than 100 countries worldwide, where more than 2.5 billion people are at risk for dengue infections. most people will have asymptomatic infections, but the disease manifestations range from an influenza-like disease known as dengue fever to a severe, sometimes fatal disease characterized by hemorrhage and shock, known as dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome ... | 2002 | 11880737 |
| [epidemiology of dengue infection in ribeirão preto, sp, brazil]. | to assess dengue transmission in a correctional facility for juvenile delinquents in ribeirão preto, state of são paulo, brazil. | 2002 | 12045796 |
| [presence of aedes aegypti in bromeliaceae and plant breeding places in brazil]. | the frequency of bromeliaceae and other plant breeding places where aedes aegypti can be found is reported during two consecutive operational cycles (focal treatment) in the city of rio de janeiro. these cycles took place from november 12 2000 to march 9 2001 and from march 12 2001 to june 15 2001. this study concentrates on the epidemiological implications resulting from the growing use of these plants as decorative living objects. | 2002 | 12045807 |
| education in primary school as a strategy to control dengue. | the proliferation of aedes aegypti, a species of mosquito that is the vector of the dengue pathogen, is being augmented by the population's lack of care in allowing the formation of larval habitats. one form of controlling dengue is the distribution of information on the mosquito to improve awareness and to provide the means necessary for the elimination of its reproductive habitats. to evaluate a teaching method concerning the vector and dengue, students from the 5th and 6th years of primary ed ... | 2002 | 12045814 |
| oral susceptibility to yellow fever virus of aedes aegypti from brazil. | the oral susceptibility to yellow fever virus was evaluated in 23 aedes aegypti samples from brazil. six ae. aegypti samples from africa, america and asia were also tested for comparison. mosquito samples from asia showed the highest infection rates. infection rates for the brazilian ae. aegypti reached 48.6%, but were under 13% in 60% of sample tested. we concluded that although the low infection rates estimated for some brazilian mosquito samples may not favor the establishment of urban cycle ... | 2002 | 12048581 |
| [critical aspects of dengue control in brazil]. | dengue is now the main reemerging disease in the world. in the absence of an efficacious preventive vaccine and effective etiologic treatment and chemoprophylaxis, the only vulnerable link for reducing dengue transmission is the mosquito aedes aegypti, its principal vector. there are many difficulties in combating this mosquito in large and medium-sized cities. the complexity of contemporary urban life generates factors that facilitate the mosquito's proliferation and constraints on the reductio ... | 2002 | 12048612 |
| a theoretical approach to predicting the success of genetic manipulation of malaria mosquitoes in malaria control. | mosquitoes that have been genetically modified to better encapsulate the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum are being considered as a possible tool in the control of malaria. hopes for this have been raised with the identification of genes involved in the encapsulation response and with advances in the tools required to transform mosquitoes. however, we have only very little understanding of the conditions that would allow such genes to spread in natural populations. | 2002 | 12057019 |
| interaction of 65- and 62-kd proteins from the apical membranes of the aedes aegypti larvae midgut epithelium with cry4b and cry11a endotoxins of bacillus thuringiensis. | a protein with the molecular weight of 65 kd is the only component of aedes aegypti larvae bbm capable to specifically bind mosquitocidal toxins cry4b and cry11a of bacillus thuringiensis. this protein lacks the leucine aminopeptidase activity which is characteristic for the toxin-binding proteins from the membranes of caterpillars. cry-toxins inactive against a. aegypti larvae either fail to bind to the 65-kd protein and to a putative product of its proteolysis with the molecular weight of 62 k ... | 2002 | 12059773 |
| mating alters the cuticular hydrocarbons of female anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | the cuticular hydrocarbons of female anopheles gambiae giles sensu stricto and aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes were analyzed before and after they mated. in an. gambiae, the proportions of the two cuticular hydrocarbon components, n-heneicosane and n-tricosane, were significantly reduced as the female aged and after it mated. there were no changes in the hydrocarbon composition of males after they mated. hydrocarbon extracts from mated and unmated an. gambiae females as well as those from males ca ... | 2002 | 12061454 |
| temporal genetic variation in aedes aegypti populations in ho chi minh city (vietnam). | aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue viruses in asia, displays variation in population density over time. the larval habitats of this species being unevenly distributed and transient (depending on cycles of drought and flood), the forces generating temporal variation in gene frequencies in populations are studied. we sampled seven mosquito populations from ho chi minh city (vietnam) and its suburbs on five occasions between april 1999 and august 2000. we investigated genetic variation by stu ... | 2002 | 12080364 |
| educational campaign versus malathion spraying for the control of aedes aegypti in colima, mexico. | to evaluate the effect of an educational campaign for reducing the breeding places of aedes aegypti, the principal vector of dengue; and to compare its effects with the ones obtained by spraying of malathion at ultralow volume. | 2002 | 11812816 |
| identification of novel plasmodium gallinaceum zygote- and ookinete-expressed proteins as targets for blocking malaria transmission. | the development of transmission-blocking vaccines is one approach to malaria control. to identify novel plasmodium zygote- and ookinete-secreted proteins as targets of blocking malaria transmission, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced against parasite-secreted proteins found in plasmodium gallinaceum ookinete culture supernatants. four mabs-1a6, 2a5, 2b5, and 4b6-were identified that bound to p. gallinaceum zygotes and ookinetes in diverse patterns in terms of spatial localization on para ... | 2002 | 11748169 |
| cloning and characterization of the crystal protein-encoding gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. yunnanensis. | molecular cloning and characterization of a novel cry gene, cry32aa, of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. yunnanensis was carried out. the cry32aa protein was predicted to have a molecular mass of 139.2 kda and was found to have an unusual 42-amino-acid-long tail at the c terminus. the cry32aa gene was localized on the 103-mda plasmid of the organism. bioassays showed no toxicity against several moths and mosquitoes. however, it exhibited weak toxicity against larvae of the diamondback moth, plutell ... | 2002 | 11772653 |
| a comparative genomic analysis of two distant diptera, the fruit fly, drosophila melanogaster, and the malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae. | genome evolution entails changes in the dna sequence of genes and intergenic regions, changes in gene numbers, and also changes in gene order along the chromosomes. genes are reshuffled by chromosomal rearrangements such as deletions/insertions, inversions, translocations, and transpositions. here we report a comparative study of genome organization in the main african malaria vector, anopheles gambiae, relative to the recently determined sequence of the drosophila melanogaster genome. the ances ... | 2002 | 11779831 |
| a cluster of four d7-related genes is expressed in the salivary glands of the african malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | four genes expressed in the anopheles gambiae adult female salivary glands and similar in sequence to the aedes aegypti d7 gene were identified. the genes, called d7-related (d7r), are included in a single cluster encompassing approximately six kilobases on chromosome arm 3r. the deduced proteins contain secretory signals and they are probably injected by the mosquito into the host with the saliva during blood feeding. the region of similarity to d7 encompasses the carboxy-terminal part of the a ... | 2002 | 11841502 |
| naturally exposed populations differ in their t1 and t2 responses to the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium falciparum. | t-cell responses directed against the circumsporozoite protein (cs) of plasmodium falciparum can mediate protection against malaria. we determined the frequency of t cells reactive to different regions of the cs in the blood of donors naturally exposed to p. falciparum by examining t1 (gamma interferon [ifn-gamma] elispot assay), t2 (interleukin 4 [il-4] elispot assay), and proliferative t-cell responses. the proliferative responses were weak, which confirmed previous observations. the responses ... | 2002 | 11854234 |
| monoclonal antibody against the plasmodium falciparum chitinase, pfcht1, recognizes a malaria transmission-blocking epitope in plasmodium gallinaceum ookinetes unrelated to the chitinase pgcht1. | to initiate invasion of the mosquito midgut, plasmodium ookinetes secrete chitinases that are necessary to cross the chitin-containing peritrophic matrix en route to invading the epithelial cell surface. to investigate chitinases as potential immunological targets of blocking malaria parasite transmission to mosquitoes, a monoclonal antibody (mab) was identified that neutralized the enzymatic activity of the sole chitinase of plasmodium falciparum, pfcht1, identified to date. this mab, designate ... | 2002 | 11854247 |
| invasions by insect vectors of human disease. | nonindigenous vectors that arrive, establish, and spread in new areas have fomented throughout recorded history epidemics of human diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, typhus, and plague. although some vagile vectors, such as adults of black flies, biting midges, and tsetse flies, have dispersed into new habitats by flight or wind, human-aided transport is responsible for the arrival and spread of most invasive vectors, such as anthropophilic fleas, lice, kissing bugs, and mosquitoes. from th ... | 2002 | 11729075 |
| outlook of dengue in malaysia: a century later. | dengue continues to be a major health threat to malaysia a century after its first reported outbreak in 1902. examination of the available outbreak data suggested that a major df/dhf outbreak occurred in malaysia in a cyclical pattern of approximately every 8 years. all four dengue virus serotypes are found co-circulating in malaysia, but after the first and only major outbreak involving den-4 in 1960's, only den-1, den-2 and den-3 were associated with df/dhf outbreaks. it is argued that perhaps ... | 2002 | 16329552 |
| triacylglycerol-rich lipophorins are found in the dipteran infraorder culicomorpha, not just in mosquitoes. | lipophorin is the major hemolymph protein responsible for lipid transport between tissues of insects. lipophorins from several insect species in order diptera (the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster from the suborder brachycera, the mosquito aedes aegypti; the phantom midges chaoborus maximus and minimus; the black fly simulium vittatum; the crane fly nephrotoma abbreviata, all from the suborder nematocera) were isolated and characterized. all lipophorins consisted of two protein subunits of appr ... | 2002 | 15455049 |
| decreased survival of mosquito cells after stable transfection with a drosophila ecdysteroid response element: possible involvement of a 40 kda dna binding protein. | homologous transfection systems provide a useful tool for characterizing promoters and other regulatory elements from cloned genes. we have used cultured aedes albopictus c7-10 mosquito cells to evaluate expression of 20-hydroxyecdysone-inducible genes. although this cell line has previously been shown to synthesize components of the ecdysteroid receptor and ecdysone-inducible proteins, the well-characterized ecdysteroid response element (ecre) from the drosophilahsp27 promoter failed to confer ... | 2002 | 15455055 |
| structure-based analysis of the ultraspiracle protein and docking studies of putative ligands. | the ultraspiracle protein (usp) is the insect ortholog of the mammalian retinoid x receptor (rxr). fundamental questions concern the functional role of usp as the heterodimerization partner of insect nuclear receptors such as the ecdysone receptor. the crystallographic structures of the ligand binding domain of usps of heliothis virescens and drosophila melanogaster solved recently show that helix 12 is locked in an antagonist conformation raising the question whether usps could adopt an agonist ... | 2002 | 15455059 |
| chemosterilant (apholate)-induced ultrastructural changes during oogenesis in aedes aegypti. | the effect of chemosterilant, apholate, on-oogenesis has been studied in aedes aegypti. treatment of larvae to 20 ppm of the chemical induced ultrastural changes in the presumptive and primary follicles of the adult ovary. these changes comprised condensation of chromatin, disruption of nuclear envelope and extensive degeneration as evidenced by numerous myelin figures and residual bodies. in some primary follicles, where cellular degeneration was restricted to epithelial cells, no arrest in dev ... | 2002 | 126140 |
| abstracts of the fourth international symposium on molecular insect science. may 28-june 2, 2002. tucson, arizona, usa. | 2002 | 15455051 | |
| characterization of three alternatively spliced isoforms of the rel/nf-kappa b transcription factor relish from the mosquito aedes aegypti. | the rel/nf-kappa b transcription factor relish performs a central role in the acute-phase response to microbial challenge by activating immune antibacterial peptides. we cloned and molecularly characterized the gene homologous to drosophila relish from the mosquito aedes aegypti. unlike drosophila relish, aedes relish has three alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different proteins. first, the predominant aedes relish transcript of 3.9 kb contains both the rel-homology domains and the inh ... | 2002 | 12119421 |
| transfer of plasmid pbc16 between bacillus thuringiensis strains in non-susceptible larvae. | plasmid transfer was investigated in larvae of insects of the orders coleoptera, diptera, and lepidoptera. the effects of introducing bacillus thuringiensis strains in live non-susceptible larvae, and in the presence of added insecticidal toxins to kill the larvae, were examined. plasmid transfer was not detected as the strains passed through non-susceptible live larvae, but was detected when the larvae were toxin-killed. the results indicate that growth of b. thuringiensis and plasmid transfer ... | 2002 | 19709226 |
| central projections of olfactory receptor neurons from single antennal and palpal sensilla in mosquitoes. | in insects, olfactory receptor neurons (orns) are located in cuticular sensilla, that are present on the antennae and on the maxillary palps. their axons project into spherical neuropil, the glomeruli, which are characteristic structures in the primary olfactory center throughout the animal kingdom. orns in insects often respond specifically to single odor compounds. the projection patterns of these neurons within the primary olfactory center, the antennal lobe, are, however, largely unknown. we ... | 2003 | 18089015 |
| susceptibility and transovarial transmission of dengue virus in aedes aegypti: a preliminary study of morphological variations. | two types of morphological variants, the dark form and the pale form of aedes aegypti were selected from wild-caught mosquitos. ascertaining any differences between the two forms for susceptibility to dengue type 2 virus was performed by oral feeding. transovarial transmission was further determined from the progenies of infected mosquitos by tracing them to the third generation. significant differences in oral infection were not observed between these two forms of mosquitos. transovarial transm ... | 2003 | 19230584 |
| potential development of temephos resistance in aedes aegypti related to its mechanism and susceptibility to dengue virus. | the addition of temephos to water containers as a larvicide against aedes aegypti was commonly used as a part of dhf control programs. the widespread, or long-term, application of insecticides can lead to the development of mosquito resistance to the insecticides through selection pressure. this presents a problem for disease control. therefore, this study was conducted in the laboratory to observe the potential development of resistance to temephos and the mechanism involved in ae. aegypti, and ... | 2003 | 19230585 |
| analysis of the wild-type and mutant genes encoding the enzyme kynurenine monooxygenase of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (kmo) catalyses the hydroxylation of kynurenine to 3-hydroxykynurenine. kmo has a key role in tryptophan catabolism and synthesis of ommochrome pigments in mosquitoes. the gene encoding this enzyme in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, is called kynurenine hydroxylase (kh) and a mutant allele that produces white eyes has been designated khw. a number of cdna clones representative of wild-type and mutant genes were isolated. sequence analyses of the wild-type and ... | 2003 | 12974953 |
| beyond the fire-hazard mentality of medicine: the ecology of infectious diseases. | 2003 | 14624236 | |
| west nile virus: current perspectives. | 2003 | 21765766 | |
| a microfluorometric method for quantifying rna and dna in terrestrial insects. | evidence is accumulating for a mechanistic linkage between body phosphorus content and growth and reproduction of individual organisms, due in part to variation in allocation of resources to ribosomal rna. testing this connection requires reliable methods of quantifying the nucleic acid content of individual organisms. although methods for quantifying nucleic acids are available for a wide array of organisms, adaptation of such methods for study of insects has been neglected. sensitive stains an ... | 2003 | 15841218 |
| practical uses for ecdysteroids in mammals including humans: an update. | ecdysteroids are widely used as inducers for gene-switch systems based on insect ecdysteroid receptors and genes of interest placed under the control of ecdysteroid-response elements. we review here these systems, which are currently mainly used in vitro with cultured cells in order to analyse the role of a wide array of genes, but which are expected to represent the basis for future gene therapy strategies. such developments raise several questions, which are addressed in detail. first, the met ... | 2003 | 15844229 |
| [levels of resistance to insecticides and their mechanisms in 2 strains of aedes aegypti from panama]. | the levels of susceptibility and/or resistance to insecticides in larvae and adults of aedes aegypti from 2 localities of panama (rio abajo and victoriano lorenzo) were determined. among larvae, it was found resistance to methyl- pyrimifos in both localities; however, they were susceptible to the rest of the organophosphate insecticides (temephos, malathion, fenthion fenitrothion and clorpirifos) and to pyrethroids (deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and cyfluthrin. in the trials car ... | 2003 | 15849925 |
| [lethal effect of cuban myrtaceae on aedes aegypti (diptera cuilicidae)]. | the biological activity of the essential foliar oils from 2 cuban endemic myrtaceae: eugenia melanadenia and psidium rotundatum on a. aegypti larvae was evaluated for the first time at the laboratory level. the probit-log analysis of the results showed the larvicidal effect of both oils with values of cl50 = 0.0085% and cl95 = 0.0104% for e. melanadenia and cl50 = 0.0063% and cl95 = 0.0071% for o. rotundatum. besides, the diagnostic concentration for both essential oils are given and the possibl ... | 2003 | 15849965 |
| [cross resistance to pyrethroids in aedes aegypti from cuba induced by the selection with organophosphate malathion]. | a strain from aedes aegypti (l) collected in the municipality of santiago de cuba with low levels of resistance to malathion (1.79x) was subjected to selection pressure aimed at evaluating the evolution of the resistance to this organophosphate and its usefulness for control. after 5 generations of selection (san-f5) with malathion, it was not possible to increase the resistance and it was obtained a value of resistance factor (fr50) of 2.22x. none or little cross resistance to the following org ... | 2003 | 15849966 |
| efficacy of a new formulation of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis (bti) in laboratory and field conditions of kumaun foothills of uttaranchal, india. | efficacy of a new bti formulation was tested in the laboratory and small scale field trials against mosquito larvae were carried out from march to june, 2001 in different breeding habitats of kumaun foothill region of nainital and udham singh nagar districts, uttaranchal state, india. laboratory tests revealed increased efficacy against culex quinquefasciatus (lc50 = 0.035 mg/l) followed by aedes aegypti (lc50 = 0.0628 mg/l), an. culicifacies sp a (lc50 = 0.184mg/l) and an. stephensi (lc50 - 0.2 ... | 2003 | 15909759 |
| [abundance indices of larvae and pupae of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in córdoba city]. | in 1995, aedes aegypti, vector of the flavivirus dengue and yellow fever, reached the province. therefore, it is necessary to quantify the vector abundance in order to determine the level of risk and to evaluate the prevention and control actions implemented. | 2003 | 16724440 |
| isolation of a pseudomonas fluorescens metabolite/exotoxin active against both larvae and pupae of vector mosquitoes. | a formulation was developed from the metabolite(s) of a novel pseudomonas fluorescens migula strain (vcrc b426) and tested against 4th-instar larvae and pupae of three species of vector mosquitoes, anopheles stephensi liston, culex quinquefasciatus say and aedes aegypti (l). the larvae and pupae of an. stephensi were the most susceptible to the formulation, followed by those of c. quinquefasciatus and ae. aegypti, in that order, and the dosage requirement for pupal mortality was less than that r ... | 2003 | 12558096 |
| recombinant strain of bacillus thuringiensis producing cyt1a, cry11b, and the bacillus sphaericus binary toxin. | a novel recombinant bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strain that produces the b. sphaericus binary toxin, cyt1aa, and cry11ba is described. the toxicity of this strain (50% lethal concentration [lc(50)] = 1.7 ng/ml) against fourth-instar culex quinquefasciatus was higher than that of b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis ips-82 (lc(50) = 7.9 ng/ml) or b. sphaericus 2362 (lc(50) = 12.6 ng/ml). | 2003 | 12571069 |
| meliternatin: a feeding deterrent and larvicidal polyoxygenated flavone from melicope subunifoliolata. | we screened more than 60 malaysian plants against two species of insects and found that melicope subunifoliolata (stapf) t.g. hartley (rutaceae) showed strong feeding deterrent activity against sitophilus zeamais motsch. (curculionidae) and very good larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti l. (diptera). one anti-insect compound, meliternatin (3,5-dimethoxy-3',4',6,7-bismethylendioxyflavone) (6) and six other minor polyoxygenated flavones were isolated from m. subunifoliolata. | 2003 | 12591266 |
| relish-mediated immune deficiency in the transgenic mosquito aedes aegypti. | the lack of genetic means has been a serious limitation in studying mosquito immunity. we generated relish-mediated immune deficiency (rmid) by transforming aedes aegypti with the delta rel transgene driven by the vitellogenin (vg) promoter using the pbac[3xp3-egfp, afm] vector. a stable transformed line had a single copy of the vg-delta rel transgene. the vg-delta rel transgene expression was highly activated by blood feeding, and transgenic mosquitoes were extremely susceptible to the infectio ... | 2003 | 12594340 |
| vector competence of australian mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) for japanese encephalitis virus. | australian mosquitoes were evaluated for their ability to become infected with and transmit a torres strait strain of japanese encephalitis virus. mosquitoes, which were obtained from either laboratory colonies and collected using centers for disease control and prevention light traps baited with co2 and octenol or reared from larvae, were infected by feeding on a blood/sucrose solution containing 10(4.5 +/- 0.1) porcine stable-equine kidney (ps-ek) tissue culture infectious dose50/mosquito of t ... | 2003 | 12597658 |
| antifungal, antioxidant and larvicidal activities of compounds isolated from the heartwood of mansonia gagei. | eleven compounds isolated from the heartwood of mansonia gagei were tested for their antifungal activities against cladosporium cucumerinum and candida albicans, as well as for their larvicidal activities against aedes aegypti and radical scavenging properties in a dpph assay. mansonone c (4) was found to be the most interesting compound with antifungal activities against cladosporium cucumerinum and candida albicans as well as for its larvicidal properties against aedes aegypti. mansonone e (5) ... | 2003 | 12601687 |
| determination of 'irritant' threshold concentrations for intradermal testing with allergenic insect extracts in normal horses. | sixteen healthy horses with no history of skin or respiratory disease were used for an intradermal testing (idt) threshold study, in order to determine the concentrations of 13 commercial allergenic insect extracts most appropriate for idt. five dilutions of each extract were used, which included the manufacturer's recommended concentrations for equine idt, plus one dilution higher and three lower than these standard concentrations. allergens tested included caddisfly (trichoptera spp.), mayfly ... | 2003 | 12603683 |
| sex-specific and blood meal-induced proteins of anopheles gambiae midguts: analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. | anopheles gambiae is the main vector of plasmodium falciparum in africa. the mosquito midgut constitutes a barrier that the parasite must cross if it is to develop and be transmitted. despite the central role of the mosquito midgut in the host/parasite interaction, little is known about its protein composition. characterisation of an. gambiae midgut proteins may identify the proteins that render an. gambiae receptive to the malaria parasite. | 2003 | 12605724 |
| a potential role for phenylalanine hydroxylase in mosquito immune responses. | in mosquitoes the melanotic encapsulation immune response is an important resistance mechanism against filarial worms and malaria parasites. the rate limiting substrate for melanin production is tyrosine that is hydroxylated by phenoloxidase (po) to produce 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. the single pathway for endogenous production of tyrosine is by hydroxylation of phenylalanine by phenylalanine hydroxylase (pah). in this study we describe a potential role for pah in melanotic immune responses in ... | 2003 | 12609519 |
| beenomes to bombyx: future directions in applied insect genomics. | the recent sequencing of the anopheles gambiae genome showcases the genetic breadth of insects and a trend towards sequencing organisms directly involved with human welfare. we describe traits in other insect species that make them important candidates for genomics projects, and review several recent workshops aimed at uniting researchers working with insect species to efficiently address problems in medicine, biotechnology, and agriculture. | 2003 | 12620096 |
| texas lifestyle limits transmission of dengue virus. | urban dengue is common in most countries of the americas, but has been rare in the united states for more than half a century. in 1999 we investigated an outbreak of the disease that affected nuevo laredo, tamaulipas, mexico, and laredo, texas, united states, contiguous cities that straddle the international border. the incidence of recent cases, indicated by immunoglobulin m antibody serosurvey, was higher in nuevo laredo, although the vector, aedes aegypti, was more abundant in laredo. environ ... | 2003 | 12533286 |
| cloning and characterization of trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like proteases from the midgut of the sand fly vector phlebotomus papatasi. | trypsin and chymotrypsin serine proteases are the main digestive proteases in diptera midguts and are also involved in many aspects of the vector-parasite relationship. in sand flies, these proteases have been shown to be a potential barrier to leishmania growth and development within the midgut. here we describe the sequence and partial characterization of six phlebotomus papatasi midgut serine proteases: two chymotrypsin-like (ppchym1 and ppchym2) and four trypsin-like (pptryp1-pptryp4). all s ... | 2003 | 12535675 |
| a hat trick--plasmodium, anopheles and homo. | the genomes of the malaria parasite, its vector and its host are now sequenced. this has been a tremendous scientific achievement. but will it offer hope to the millions who die from malaria each year? yes, but only if combined with political will and social change. | 2003 | 12537542 |
| identification and molecular characterization of a chitinase from the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | a cdna encoding tick chitinase was cloned from a cdna library of mrna from haemaphysalis longicornis eggs and designated as cht1 cdna. the cht1 cdna contains an open reading frame of 2790 bp that codes for 930 amino acid residues with a coding capacity of 104 kda. the deduced amino acid sequence shows a 31% amino acid homology to aedes aegypti chitinase and a multidomain structure containing one chitin binding peritrophin a domain and two glycosyl hydrolase family 18 chitin binding domains. the ... | 2003 | 12502707 |
| molecular characterization of a hamster viscerotropic strain of yellow fever virus. | a hamster viscerotropic strain of yellow fever (yf) virus has been derived after serial passage of strain asibi through hamsters. the parental asibi/hamster p0 virus causes a mild and transient viremia in hamsters with no outward, clinical signs of illness. in contrast, the viscerotropic asibi/hamster p7 virus causes a robust viremia, severe illness, and death in subadult hamsters. the genome of the hamster viscerotropic asibi/hamster p7 virus has been sequenced and compared with the parental no ... | 2003 | 12502861 |
| a live, attenuated dengue virus type 1 vaccine candidate with a 30-nucleotide deletion in the 3' untranslated region is highly attenuated and immunogenic in monkeys. | the delta30 deletion mutation, which was originally created in dengue virus type 4 (den4) by the removal of nucleotides 172 to 143 from the 3' untranslated region (3' utr), was introduced into a homologous region of wild-type (wt) dengue virus type 1 (den1). the resulting virus, rden1delta30, was attenuated in rhesus monkeys to a level similar to that of the rden4delta30 vaccine candidate. rden1delta30 was more attenuated in rhesus monkeys than the previously described vaccine candidate, rden1mu ... | 2003 | 12502885 |
| the salivary purine nucleosidase of the mosquito, aedes aegypti. | a cdna clone originating from adult female aedes aegypti mosquitoes was found with substantial similarity to nucleosidases of the ec 3.2.2.1 enzyme class. although this type of enzyme is unusual in animals, abundant enzyme activity was found in salivary homogenates of this mosquito, but not in salivary homogenates of the mosquitoes anopheles gambiae and culex quinquefasciatus, or the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis. aedes salivary homogenate hydrolyses inosine and guanosine to hypoxanthine and xa ... | 2003 | 12459196 |
| identification and mapping of the promoter for the gene encoding the ferritin heavy-chain homologue of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. | mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of numerous human diseases. the recent development of transgenic mosquitoes provides a new tool to examine molecular interactions between insect vectors and the pathogens they transmit. one focus in generating transgenic mosquito lies on expressing anti-pathogenic proteins at primary sites of pathogenic invasions, specifically the mosquito gut. promoters that direct the expression of anti-pathogenic proteins in the mosquito gut are thus sought afte ... | 2003 | 12459200 |
| enduring toxicity of transgenic anabaena pcc 7120 expressing mosquito larvicidal genes from bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis. | persistence of biological control agents against mosquito larvae was tested under simulated field conditions. mosquito larvicidal activity of transgenic anabaena pcc 7120 expressing cry4aa, cry11aa and p20 from bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis was greater than b. thuringiensis ssp. israelensis primary powder (fun 89c06d) or wettable powder (wp) (bactimos products) when either mixed with silt or exposed to sunlight outdoors. reduction of bactimos primary powder toxicity was at least 10-fol ... | 2003 | 14510853 |
| junonia coenia densovirus-based vectors for stable transgene expression in sf9 cells: influence of the densovirus sequences on genomic integration. | the invertebrate parvovirus junonia coenia densovirus (jcdnv) shares similarities with terminal hairpins and nonstructural (ns) protein activities of adeno-associated virus (aav) despite their evolutionary divergence (b. dumas, m. jourdan, a. m. pascaud, and m. bergoin, virology, 191:202-222, 1992, and c. ding, m. urabe, m. bergoin, and r. m. kotin, j. virol. 76:338-345, 2002). we demonstrate here that persistent transgene expression in insect cells results from stable integration of transfected ... | 2003 | 14512554 |
| a targeted approach to the identification of candidate genes determining susceptibility to plasmodium gallinaceum in aedes aegypti. | the malaria parasite, plasmodium, has evolved an intricate life cycle that includes stages specific to a mosquito vector and to the vertebrate host. the mosquito midgut represents the first barrier plasmodium parasites encounter following their ingestion with a blood meal from an infected vertebrate. elucidation of the molecular interaction between the parasite and the mosquito could help identify novel approaches to preventing parasite development and subsequent transmission to vertebrates. we ... | 2003 | 14513362 |
| following in soper's footsteps: northeast brazil 63 years after eradication of anopheles gambiae. | sub-saharan africa has long suffered under the yoke of the anopheles gambiae mosquito, but for northeast brazil (figure 1) its arrival over 60 years ago was a new and horrifying experience. this african mosquito is an exceptionally effective malaria vector because it is well adapted to feeding upon people and to exploiting aquatic habitats associated with our daily activities. anopheles gambiae sensu lato probably accounts for most of the world's malaria deaths and socioeconomic burden. fortunat ... | 2003 | 14522266 |
| surveillance for the dengue vector aedes aegypti in tobago, west indies. | an island-wide house survey was conducted in january 2002 to determine the geographic distribution, container profile, and population density of the aedes aegypti in tobago, west indies. the results showed the ae. aegypti infestation levels were significantly different (p > 0.01) among the 4 districts, with greater infestation levels (p > 0.01) observed in the northern and windward districts than in the central and leeward districts. from the 50 towns in tobago, houses were found positive in del ... | 2003 | 14524540 |
| genetic differentiation of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae), the major dengue vector in brazil. | in 2000, brazil reported 180,137 cases of dengue, approximately 80% of the total in the americas. however, little is known about gene flow among the vector populations in brazil. random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) was used to study the genetic structure of aedes aegypti in 15 populations from five states, with a range extending 2,800 km. an analysis of 47 polymorphic rapd loci estimated gene flow at the macro- (different states) and micro- (different cities) geographical levels. genetic pol ... | 2003 | 14680106 |
| field evaluation of a lethal ovitrap for the control of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in thailand. | in 1999 and 2000 we evaluated a lethal ovitrap (lo) for the control of aedes aegypti (l.) in three villages in ratchaburi province, thailand. two blocks of 50 houses (a minimum of 250 m apart) served as treatment and control sites in each village, with each house in the treatment area receiving 10 los. thirty houses in the center of each treatment and control block were selected as sampling sites, with larval and adult mosquito sampling initiated when los were placed. sampling was conducted week ... | 2003 | 14680111 |
| olfactometric evaluation of spatial repellents for aedes aegypti. | the spatial repellency responses of aedes aegypti (l.) to deet, dehydrolinalool and linalool were evaluated using a dual port olfactometer. in the absence of human attractant mixture, each of the three chemicals resulted in activation and/or orientation of mosquitoes to the chemical source. linalool was the most attractive compound. in the presence of human attractant mixture, activation and/or orientation of mosquitoes to each of the three chemicals was reduced. we compared reductions in mosqui ... | 2003 | 14680112 |
| a simple parafilm m-based method for blood-feeding aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | a simple device for blood-feeding aedes (stegomyia) mosquitoes is described. parafilm m is stretched and pressed into fiberglass window screen to form a packet for holding warmed blood. the method has been used successfully to maintain aedes albopictus colonies for >2 yr. in typical blood-feeding trials, 53 +/- 0.8% (+/-se) of aedes aegypti (linnaeus) and 31 +/- 6% of ae. albopictus (skuse) fed to repletion. | 2003 | 14680132 |
| characteristics of the spatial pattern of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti, in iquitos, peru. | we determine the spatial pattern of aedes aegypti and the containers in which they develop in two neighborhoods of the amazonian city of iquitos, peru. four variables were examined: adult ae. aegypti, pupae, containers positive for larvae or pupae, and all water-holding containers. adults clustered strongly within houses and weakly to a distance of 30 meters beyond the household; clustering was not detected beyond 10 meters for positive containers or pupae. over short periods of time restricted ... | 2003 | 14695086 |
| microevolution and virulence of dengue viruses. | the evolution of dengue viruses has had a major impact on their virulence for humans and on the epidemiology of dengue disease around the world. although antigenic and genetic differences in virus strains had become evident, it is mainly due to the lack of animal models of disease that has made it difficult to detect differences in virulence of dengue viruses. however, phylogenetic studies of many different dengue virus samples have led to the association between specific genotypes (within serot ... | 2003 | 14696333 |