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orf260cra, a novel mitochondrial gene, is associated with the homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures (pistillody) in alloplasmic wheat.homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures (pistillody) can occur in cytoplasmic substitution (alloplasmic) lines of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) that have the cytoplasm of the related species, aegilops crassa. previously we showed that pistillody results from altered patterns of expression of class b mads-box genes mediated by mitochondrial gene(s) in the ae. crassa cytoplasm. the wheat cultivar chinese spring does not show pistillody when ae. crassa cytoplasm is introduc ...200818794174
co-ordinated expression of amino acid metabolism in response to n and s deficiency during wheat grain filling.increasing demands for productivity together with environmental concerns about fertilizer use dictate that the future sustainability of agricultural systems will depend on improving fertilizer use efficiency. characterization of the biological processes responsible for efficient fertilizer use will provide tools for crop improvement under reduced inputs. transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches were used to study the impact of nitrogen (n) and sulphur (s) deficiency on n and s remobilization fr ...200818791197
transforming wheat vacuolar invertase into a high affinity sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase.vacuolar invertases (vis) degrade sucrose to glucose and fructose. additionally, the fructan plant wheat (triticum aestivum) contains different fructosyltransferases (fts), which have evolved from vis by developing the capacity to bind sucrose or fructans as acceptor substrates. modelling studies revealed a hydrogen bonding network in the conserved wmndpng motif of vis, which is absent in fts. in this study, the hydrogen bonding network of wheat vi was disrupted by site-directed mutagenesis in t ...200818721162
effects on genome constitution and novel cell wall formation caused by the addition of 5rs rye chromosome to common wheat.the cytological instability of common wheat-rye addition lines was investigated in the present study. the chromosome numbers of almost all addition lines were considerably stable, but those of cs + 5r were very variable. the rye chromosome added in this line was found to be much shorter than expected. fluorescent in situ hybridization with 5s rdna and the centromere-specific probes clearly revealed that the short rye chromosome contains only a short arm of chromosome 5r (5rs). in this line, chro ...200818713385
discrimination of repetitive sequences polymorphism in secale cereale by genomic in situ hybridization-banding.genomic in situ hybridization banding (gish-banding), a technique slightly modified from conventional gish, was used to probe the chinese native rye (secale cereale l.) dna, and enabled us to visualize the individual rye chromosomes and create a universal reference karyotype of the s. cereale chromosome 1r to 7r. the gish-banding approach used in the present study was able to discriminate s. cereale chromosomes or segments in the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) background, including the triticale, ...200818713379
isolation and molecular characterization of high molecular weight glutenin subunit genes 1bx13 and 1by16 from hexaploid wheat.the high molecular weight glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) pair 1bx13 + 1by16are recognized to positively correlate with bread-making quality; however, their molecular data remain unknown. in order to reveal the mechanism by which 1by16 and 1bx13 creates high quality, their open reading frames (orfs) were amplified from common wheat atlas66 and jimai 20 using primers that were designed based on published sequences of hmw glutenin genes. the orf of 1by16 was 2,220 bp, deduced into 738 amino acid residue ...200818713365
relationship between homoeologous regulatory and structural genes in allopolyploid genome - a case study in bread wheat.the patterns of expression of homoeologous genes in hexaploid bread wheat have been intensively studied in recent years, but the interaction between structural genes and their homoeologous regulatory genes remained unclear. the question was as to whether, in an allopolyploid, this interaction is genome-specific, or whether regulation cuts across genomes. the aim of the present study was cloning, sequence analysis, mapping and expression analysis of f3h (flavanone 3-hydroxylase - one of the key e ...200818700978
[mapping of quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with activity of disulfide reductase and lipoxygenase in grains of durum wheat triticum aestivum l. seeds].activity of two enzymes of thiol-disulfide cell metabolism, lipoxygenase (lox, ec 1.13.11.12) and disulfide-reductase (tpdo, ec 1.8.4.2) was studied in recombinant inbred lines of common wheat itmi. their activity in the caryopsis may be connected with the gluten quality, one of the most important traits significant for selection. the activity of lipoxygenase under favorable and droughty environmental conditions was shown to be associated with the quantitative trait locus (qtl) located on chromo ...200818672799
[ph and ion balance in wheat-wheatgrass under salt- or alkali stress].different intensities of salt- or alkali stress were established by mixing different concentrations of nacl and na2so4 or nahco3 and na2co3, respectively, and wheat-wheatgrass (triticum aestivum l. -agropyron intermedium) seedlings were grown under the stresses for 12 days. the ph value and the na(+), k(+), free ca(2+), cl(-), so4(2-), no3(-), h2po4(-), and organic acid concentrations in the fresh shoots of stressed wheat-wheatgrass seedlings were determined, aimed to approach the characteristic ...200818655584
comparative proteomic and transcriptional profiling of a bread wheat cultivar and its derived transgenic line overexpressing a low molecular weight glutenin subunit gene in the endosperm.we carried out a parallel transcriptional and proteomic comparison of seeds from a transformed bread wheat line that overexpresses a transgenic low molecular weight glutenin subunit gene relative to the corresponding nontransformed genotype. proteomic analyses showed that, during seed development, several classes of endosperm proteins were differentially accumulated in the transformed endosperm. as a result of the strong increase in the amount of the transgenic protein, the endogenous glutenin s ...200818655071
earthworms, collembola and residue management change wheat (triticum aestivum) and herbivore pest performance (aphidina: rhophalosiphum padi).management practices of arable systems determine the distribution of soil organic matter thereby changing decomposer animal activity and their impact on nutrient mineralization, plant growth and plant-herbivore interactions. decomposer-mediated changes in plant growth and insect pest performance were investigated in wheat-aphid model systems in the greenhouse. three types of litter distribution were established: litter patch at the soil surface (simulating mulching), litter patch deeper in soil ...200818654802
heterologous expression of a plastid ef-tu reduces protein thermal aggregation and enhances co2 fixation in wheat (triticum aestivum) following heat stress.heat stress is a major constraint to wheat production and negatively impacts grain quality, causing tremendous economic losses, and may become a more troublesome factor due to global warming. at the cellular level, heat stress causes denaturation and aggregation of proteins and injury to membranes leading to alterations in metabolic fluxes. protein aggregation is irreversible, and protection of proteins from thermal aggregation is a strategy a cell uses to tolerate heat stress. here we report on ...200818622733
detailed analysis of the expression of an alpha-gliadin promoter and the deposition of alpha-gliadin protein during wheat grain development.alpha-gliadin proteins are important for the industrial quality of bread wheat flour, but they also contain many epitopes that can trigger celiac (coeliac) disease (cd). the b-genome-encoded alpha-gliadin genes, however, contain very few epitopes. controlling alpha-gliadin gene expression in wheat requires knowledge on the processes of expression and deposition of alpha-gliadin protein during wheat grain development.200818621967
extraction of up to 95% of wheat (triticum aestivum) flour protein using warm sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) without reduction or sonication.extraction of glutenin polymers without sonication is an essential prerequisite for accurate determination of their composition and molecular size distribution. sequential fractionation of wheat flour with 0.1 m kcl and 0.25% sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) at 21 degrees c and 2% sds at 60 degrees c extracted up to 95% of total protein. we propose that 2% sds at 60 degrees c disrupts hydrogen bonds in glutenin and gliadin aggregates, reduces hydrophobic interactions, and facilitates solubilization. ...200818616274
acc homoeoloci and the evolution of wheat genomes.the dna sequences of wheat acc-1 and acc-2 loci, encoding the plastid and cytosolic forms of the enzyme acetyl-coa carboxylase, were analyzed with a view to understanding the evolution of these genes and the origin of the three genomes in modern hexaploid wheat. acc-1 and acc-2 loci from each of the wheats triticum urartu (a genome), aegilops tauschii (d genome), triticum turgidum (ab genome), and triticum aestivum (abd genome), as well as two acc-2-related pseudogenes from t. urartu were sequen ...200818599450
effects of elevated atmospheric co2 concentrations on the quantitative protein composition of wheat grain.the continuing increase in atmospheric co 2 concentration is predicted to enhance biomass production and to alter biochemical composition of plant tissues. in the present study, winter wheat ( triticum aestivum l. cv. 'batis') was grown under ambient air (blow, co 2 concentration: 385 mul l (-1)) and free-air co 2 enrichment (face, co 2 concentration: 550 mul l (-1)) and two different nitrogen (n) fertilization levels (normal n supply: n100, 50% of normal n supply: n50). mature kernels were mill ...200818598044
analysis of introgression of aegilops ventricosa tausch. genetic material in a common wheat background using c-banding.seven triticum aestivum (cv. moisson)-aegilops ventricosa addition lines and four vpm-1 lines were studied by c-banding, and compared with the parental common wheat cultivars marne-desprez (hereafter marne), moisson, and a. ventricosa lines 10 and 11. all of the vpm-1 lines had similar c-banding patterns and carried the same major 5b:7b translocation as the parental marne cultivar. according to the c-banding analysis, the vpm-1 lines carry a complete 7d(7d(v)) chromosome substitution and a trans ...200818597067
effects of as on as uptake, speciation, and nutrient uptake by winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under hydroponic conditions.a hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of arsenic (as) stress on growth, nutrition and as uptake, and speciation in shoots and roots of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). winter wheat has high tolerance to as. most as is accumulated in the roots, and an as concentration of 4,421 mg/kg was observed at a solution concentration of 20 mg/l as. arsenic concentrations in roots were approximately 40-100 times greater than those in shoots. arsenic in winter wheat roots and sh ...200818595400
a chalcone synthase-like gene is highly expressed in the tapetum of both wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and triticale (xtriticosecale wittmack).a novel anther-specific chalcone synthase-like gene, tachsl1, was isolated and characterized. the tachsl1 transcript was detected only within the tapetum during the "free" and early vacuolated microspore stages in both wheat and triticale. sequence analysis indicated that the 41.8 kda tachsl1 deduced protein belongs to a small distinct group of type iii polyketide synthases that includes angiosperm and gymnosperm orthologs shown to be anther-specific. tachsl1 sequence characteristics and conserv ...200818592248
[characterization of triticum aestivum-dasypyrum villosum germplasms shannong05078].a germplasm line shannong05078 was developed from the progenies of am3 x triticum aestivum-dasypyrum villosum amphidiploid, the purpose of this study is to ascertain the genome composition of shannong05078 and then supply wheat breeding with reference. the results showed that shannong05078 was stable in morphology characters and presenting favorable agronomic traits, it was resistant to powdery mildew and rust. its protein content was higher, and the hwm-gs of it was 7+8, 5+10. the chromosome nu ...200818567504
variation for homoeologous gene silencing in hexaploid wheat.the absence of expression of individual members of a homoeologous set of genes in a polyploid is a well-established phenomenon. however, the extent to which such 'homoeologous silencing' can vary between individual genotypes within a species is unexplored. we have used the single-strand conformation polymorphism assay to identify homoeologue non-expression at 15 single-copy genes across a panel of 16 wheat varieties, representative of the genetic diversity present in modern northern european win ...200818564382
the origin of a "zebra" chromosome in wheat suggests nonhomologous recombination as a novel mechanism for new chromosome evolution and step changes in chromosome number.an alloplasmic wheat line, ta5536, with the "zebra" chromosome z5a was isolated from an elymus trachycaulus/triticum aestivum backcross derivative. this chromosome was named "zebra" because of its striped genomic in situ hybridization pattern. its origin was traced to nonhomologous chromosome 5a of wheat and 1h(t) of elymus; four chromatin segments were derived from chromosome 1h(t) and five chromatin segments including the centromere from 5a. in this study, our objective was to determine the me ...200818562667
ferulic acid from aleurone determines the antioxidant potency of wheat grain (triticum aestivum l.).grain is an important source of phytochemicals, which have potent antioxidant capacity. they have been implicated in the beneficial health effect of whole grains in reducing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. the aim of the present study was to identify the most important antioxidant fractions of wheat grain. it was found that the aleurone content of these fractions was highly correlated with the antioxidant capacity of the fractions (r = 0.96, p < 0.0001). ferulic acid appeared to be t ...200818558703
effect of environmental stress during grain filling on the soluble proteome of wheat (triticum aestivum) dough liquor.the influence of genotype and environment on a soluble wheat dough liquor proteome was studied for four cultivars grown under field conditions and under hot/dry and cool/wet regimes by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry or quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. although the four cultivars had similar patterns, differences in the relative abundances of some components were observed. similarly, some differe ...200818553920
genetic mapping of adult plant leaf rust resistance genes lr48 and lr49 in common wheat.hypersensitive adult plant resistance genes lr48 and lr49 were named based on their genetic independence of the known adult plant resistance genes. this study was planned to determine genomic locations of these genes. recombinant inbred line populations derived from crosses involving csp44 and vl404, sources of lr48 and lr49, respectively, and the susceptible parent wl711, were used to determine the genomic locations of these genes. bulked segregant analyses were performed using multiplex-ready ...200818542911
quantitative trait loci for resistance to pre-harvest sprouting in us hard white winter wheat rio blanco.pre-harvest sprouting (phs) of wheat is a major problem that severely limits the end-use quality of flour in many wheat-growing areas worldwide. to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) for phs resistance, a population of 171 recombinant inbred lines (rils) was developed from the cross between phs-resistant white wheat cultivar rio blanco and phs-susceptible white wheat breeding line nw97s186. the population was evaluated for phs in three greenhouse experiments and one field experiment. after ...200818542909
wheat genomics: present status and future prospects.wheat (triticum aestivum l.), with a large genome (16000 mb) and high proportion ( approximately 80%) of repetitive sequences, has been a difficult crop for genomics research. however, the availability of extensive cytogenetics stocks has been an asset, which facilitated significant progress in wheat genomic research in recent years. for instance, fairly dense molecular maps (both genetic and physical maps) and a large set of ests allowed genome-wide identification of gene-rich and gene-poor reg ...200818528518
sir charles edward saunders, dominion cerealist.charles edward saunders was born in london, ontario, in 1867. his father, sir william saunders, was the first director of the dominion experimental farms (1886-1911). charles received his b.a. with honours in science from the university of toronto in 1888 and his ph.d. in chemistry from johns hopkins university in baltimore, maryland, in 1891. he attempted a career in music, his first love, from 1893 to 1902. with his father, charles attended the 1902 international conference on plant breeding a ...200818521125
mapping of a major locus controlling seed dormancy using backcrossed progenies in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).seed dormancy is an important factor regulating preharvest sprouting (phs) but is a complex trait for genetic analysis. we previously identified a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) controlling seed dormancy on the long arm of chromosome 4a (4al) in common wheat. to transfer the qtl from the dormant lines 'os21-5' and 'leader' into the japanese elite variety 'haruyokoi', which has an insufficient level of seed dormancy, backcrossing was carried out through marker-assisted selection (mas) using ...200818521121
variations of tandem repeat, regulatory element, and promoter regions revealed by wheat-rye amphiploids.to better understand the evolution of allopolyploids, 4 different combinations between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rye (secale cereale l.) including 12 f1 hybrids and 12 derived amphiploids were analyzed and compared with their direct parental plants by pcr analysis using 150 wheat ssr (single sequence repeat) markers and by fish analysis using a rye-specific repetitive sequence (psc200) as a probe. nine ssr markers amplified rye-specific fragments whose sizes ranged from 471 bp to 1089 bp. ...200818521118
the wheat pkaba1-interacting factor taabf1 mediates both abscisic acid-suppressed and abscisic acid-induced gene expression in bombarded aleurone cells.to investigate the crosstalk of abscisic acid (aba) and gibberellin (ga) signaling in wheat (triticum aestivum), we have focused on the transcription factor taabf1. taabf1 (a member of the aba response element binding factor family) physically interacts with pkaba1, a signaling component in the aba-suppression of ga-induced gene expression in cereal grains. constitutive expression of taabf1 in aleurone cells of imbibing grains completely eliminated ga-induced expression from the amy32b promoter. ...200818516686
uptake of zn and fe by wheat (triticum aestivum var. greina) and transfer to the grains in the presence of chelating agents (ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid).a way to decrease iron and zinc deficiency in humans is to biofortify foods by increasing the bioavailable contents in these elements. the aim of this work was to study if chelating agents could be used to increase the capture of fe and zn by wheat grains. zn and/or fe in combination with the chelating agents ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (edds) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) were added at various times (i.e., at flower head formation, anthesis, and postanthesis) to spring wheat ( tr ...200818512939
quantitative expression analysis of selected cor genes reveals their differential expression in leaf and crown tissues of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) during an extended low temperature acclimation regimen.a number of cor genes (cold-regulated genes) have been implicated in the acquisition of low temperature (lt) tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). this study compared the relative expression patterns of selected cor genes in leaf and crown tissues of wheat near-isogenic lines to increase understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying lt acclimation. reciprocal near-isogenic lines were generated such that the dominant vrn-a1 and recessive vrn-a1 loci were interchanged in a spring cv. m ...200818508811
polyphenol oxidase from wheat bran is a serpin.polyphenol oxidase (ppo; ec 1.10.3.2) was isolated from wheat bran by a procedure that included ammonium sulfate fractionation, batch adsorption by deae-cellulofine, cm-cellulofine column chromatography, deae-cellulofine column chromatography, preparative isoelectric focusing, adsorption on the membrane of a vivapure q maxi h spin column, and heat treatment. these procedures led to 150-fold purification with 4.2% recovery. the ppo was homogeneous by sds/page. the relative molecular weight of the ...200818506224
identification and mapping of pm2026: a recessive powdery mildew resistance gene in an einkorn (triticum monococcum l.) accession.triticum monococcum accession ta2026 showed resistance to wheat powdery mildew. to identify the resistance gene and transfer it to common wheat, genetic analysis and molecular mapping were conducted using an f2 population and derived f3 families from the cross of ta2026xm389. the results indicated that ta2026 possessed a recessive powdery mildew resistance gene. this gene was mapped to the terminal portion of chromosome 5aml and flanked by ssr marker loci xcfd39 and xgwm126. eight rflp markers p ...200818504540
physical organisation of simple sequence repeats (ssrs) in triticeae: structural, functional and evolutionary implications.a significant fraction of the nuclear dna of all eukaryotes is occupied by simple sequence repeats (ssrs) or microsatellites. this type of sequence has sparked great interest as a means of studying genetic variation, linkage mapping, gene tagging and evolution. although ssrs at different positions in a gene help determine the regulation of expression and the function of the protein produced, little attention has been paid to the chromosomal organisation and distribution of these sequences, even ...200818504349
[beginning and duration of expression of photoperiodic response genes in winter common wheat].the influence of various ppd genes on the beginning and duration of photoperiodic responce has been investigated in near isogenic lines of winter bread wheat mironovskaya 808. during ontogenesis the photoperiodic responce is ascertained from the middle 2nd stage of ontogenesis according to kuperman (usually a week later after vernalization completion in winter genotypes) and it is completed to the late 5th stage (2-3 weeks before heading). different ppd alleles do not affect the photoreaction in ...200816865983
increased freezing tolerance in an aba-hypersensitive mutant of common wheat.to study role of abscisic acid (aba) in cold acclimation and cold/freezing tolerance in wheat, we analyzed an aba-hypersensitive mutant of triticum aestivum, named aba27. aba-hypersensitivity in aba27 was confirmed by bioassays involving germination and seedling growth and expression analysis of aba-responsive genes in comparison with the parental cultivar 'chihoku-komugi' (chihoku). aba27 showed significantly increased freezing tolerance in seedlings without cold acclimation. aba-treated seedli ...200817240477
genetic analysis of the t. aestivum/ae. sharonensis introgressive lines of common wheat for resistance to powdery mildew.results of investigation of peculiarities of common wheat hybridological analysis for a discrete character, resistance for powdery mildew, governed by the alien gene from ae. sharonensis are present. relation between genome structure of crossed introgressive lines and deviation of empirical ratios of segregation in f2 from theoretical, based on the assumption about monogenic inheritance of considered character is established. the approach to the quantitative count of influence of such connection ...200816250248
[molecular-genetic analysis of wheat (t. aestivum l.) genome with introgression of ae. cylindrica host genetic elements].wheat-aegilops hybrid plants triticum aestivum l. (2n = 42) x aegilops cylindrica host (2n = 28) were investigated with using microsatellite markers. in two bc1f9 lines some genome modifications connected with losing dna fragments of initial variety or appearing of aegilops genome elements were detected. in some investigated hybrids new amplicons lacking in parental plants were found. substitution of wheat chromosomes for aegilops chromosomes was not revealed. analysis of microsatellite loci in ...200816250247
[allele characterization of storage protein loci in the greek spring wheat cultivars].genotypes at the storage protein loci glu-a1, glu-b1, glu-d1, gli-a1, gli-b1, gli-d1, gli-a3 were identified in a group of greek spring common wheat varieties. these varieties served as the parental forms for producing dihaploid lines. heterogeneous varieties were revealed.200815067944
[inheritance of heading date in crosses of wheat cultivar responsiveness to light intensity].the inheritance of heading date has been studied in crosses of spring bread wheat cultivars differing in their reaction to various light intensities. the parental cultivars were similar in their vrn and ppd gene systems and differed in heading dates. domination of higher reaction to light intensity has been shown in f1 on duration of "ear emergence-heading" period. analysis of f2 populations has shown the identity of earliness per se genetic systems in novosibirskaya 22 and ordynskaya cultivars. ...200815131962
[resolving capacity of monosomic line analysis in cytogenetic studies of common wheat].basing on statistic analysis of the character of homologue pairing in the series of monosomic lines of wheat milturum 553 it was found that the diversions of monosomic and disomic plants from their original parent were caused by the changes in the system of actions and interrelations of genes caused by hemizygous state of chromosomes. resolving capacity of monosomic line analysis as a method of cytogenetic investigations of wheat was demonstrated. input of each chromosome in determination of mei ...200815619985
[recombination frequency in the locus gli-d1 of common wheat t. aestivum l].the recombination frequency at the gliadin locus gli-d1 of common wheat was determined by the maximum likelihood method. recombination was observed between the gene encoding the fastest omega-component of the allele gli-d1j, and the genes encoding the other omega-gliadins of this allele. the frequency of recombination was 0.65 +/- 0.18% for the cross between the near-isogenic lines of winter common wheat with respect to gliadin loci gli-d1-4 and gli-b1-3 and 0.78 +/- 0.45% for the cross between ...200814650331
[cytogenetic processes in the course of triticum aestivum and haynatricum hybridization].meiosis in hybrids obtained in direct and return crossings between haynatricum and wheat was studied. in f1 hybrids the possibility of stimulation of homoeologous pairing between the chromosomes of t. aestivum and t. dicoccum and, probably, h. villosum, if haynatricum was used as pollinator, has been shown. this process is considerably intensified when the genes regulating chromosome pairing, in particular ph1b mutation, are used. in reciprocal crosses it was shown that wheat genotypes can diffe ...200814650330
[genetic control system of the differences in duration of vernalization in winter common wheat].hypotheses of differences in genetic control on duration of vernalization for winter wheat have been considered. it has been shown that differences in this character are controlled by independent vrd gene system. monogenic dominant near-isogenic lines have been created. they differ in two non-allelic vrd1 and vrd2 genes with unequal expression. the response of created lines to photoperiodic changes and vrd genes effects on various agronomic traits have been characterized. vrd genotypes have been ...200814650328
[effect of gametocidal chromosome 4s' on the phenotype segregation ratio in genetic analysis of common wheat lines].using experimental data on genetic analysis of introgressive lines for the character "hairy leaf sheath" controlled by the "cuckoo" chromosome 4s1, the algorithm for calculation of the theoretical segregation ratio in f2 was developed. segregation distortion is caused by non-viability of the majority of gametes lacking the chromosome 4s1. the frequency of functioning gametes without the chromosome 4s1 is determined by the probability p versus the theoretically expected ratio 7 nonviable: 9 viabl ...200814650327
[hybrids of aegilops cylindrica host with triticum durum desf. and t. aestivum l].the hybrids of durum and bread wheat with ae. cylindrica have been obtained without using an embryo rescue technique. the hybrid output (of pollinated flower number) in the field conditions scored 1.0, 15.3 and 10.0% in the crosses t. durum x ae. cylindrica, ae. cylindrica x t. durum and t. aestivum x ae. cylindrica, respectively. a high level of meiotic chromosome pairing between homologous d genomes of bread wheat and aegilops has been revealed (c = 80.0-83.7%). the possibility of homoeologica ...200812741056
[detection of the introgression of genome elements of aegilops cylindrica host. into triticum aestivum l. genome with issr-analysis].comparative analysis of introgressive and parental forms of wheat was carried out to reveal the sites of donor genome with new loci of resistance to fungal diseases. by issr-method 124 issr-loci were detected in the genomes of 18 individual plants of introgressive line 5/20-91; 17 of them have been related to introgressive fragments of ae. cylindrica genome in t. aestivum. it was shown that issr-method is effective for detection of the variability caused by introgression of alien genetic materia ...200812945176
[the chromosomal localization of the major genes for the quantitative traits (qtl) of wheat by using d chromosome gene markers].the possibility of biochemical and morphological marker genes application for qtl and determination of their association with definite d chromosomes was shown on f2 populations of bread wheat from crossing of hexaploids aabbdd with different d subgenomes and the same genome ab part. algorithm for calculation of the theoretical means for evaluation of differences according t-criterion was proposed and examined. the results of biometrical genetic analysis of the quantitative traits obtained by joi ...200810857198
amino acid composition of the endosperm free amino acids and proteins from a maturing common wheat and its extracted tetraploid. 20081270689
[additional limitations of the shrikhande method and their verification].shrikhande's method was checked on linear-variety common wheat lutescens 62. two causes for a distortion of the ratio of genotypic and paratypic components of the variance were established: parameter b of smith's law is not constant for a given field and depends on the method of parcelling: smith's law is not confirmed at all. a two-stage test of shrikhande's method correctness is suggested for checking its limitations in practice. the analysis of variance for any given parcelling is done at the ...2008356360
[inheritance of frost resistance and winter hardiness in distant hybrids of wheat and amphiploids].the data on inheritance of frost resistance and winter hardiness of bread wheat lines obtained as a result of distant hybridization of wheat-rye and wheat-elymus amphiploids with durum and bread wheat were presented. it was shown that selection of the donors of valuable traits is sensible to make in later progenies of hybrids (f6-f7). so, it is possible to obtain the new initial breeding material for winter bread wheat selection with high frost tolerance, winter hardiness and early maturity. hyp ...200811391895
[chromosomal localization of a gamete-killing gene in a wheat line].monosomic analysis revealed that a gametocidal gene in a common wheat line derivative from aegilops speltoides is located on chromosome 2b. this gene induces semisterility, low level of chromosome breaks, shriveled seeds, and endosperm degeneration. the obtained data indicate that the localized gene is allelic to well known gametocidal genes gc1a and gc1b.200811944309
trace elements in western canadian hard red spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.): levels and quality assurance.a monitoring program was conducted for trace elements in western canadian hard red spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.). samples were selected from harvest survey samples submitted by producers from crop districts in manitoba, saskatchewan, and alberta for 1996, 1997, and 1998 crops. the analytical quality control measures used in these surveys are described along with the results for cd, cu, fe, mn, se, and zn. accuracy and precision for the analyses fell within the acceptable control limits. ye ...200811767168
[use of genomic in situ hybridization for the genetic study of common wheat triticum aestivum l. and its close relatives].the literature data on use of genomic in situ hybridization (gish) for genetic studying of common wheat and its close relatives are reviewed. the conclusions as to the necessity of complex investigation of genetic material using gish and other modern methods are drawn.200811589060
[new morphological marker for chromosomes of the fourth homologous group of triticinae].the character "hairy leaf sheath" was studied in two groups of introgressive common wheat lines. the first group involves lines containing genetic material of aegilops sharonensis, the second one includes lines with chromatin of triticum miguschovae. the gene controlling hairy leaf sheath, hs, was located by us on chromosomes 4s1 (ae. sharonensis) and 4d (t. miguschovae) due to its joint transfer with beta-amy-s(1)1, beta-amy-d1, acph-s(1)1 and acph-d1 genes situated on the and 4d chromosomes. t ...200811589040
diallel analysis of four agronomic traits in common wheat.the common wheat cultivars aköz, florence, mentana, jaral, and siete cerros were crossed in 1972 in all possible combinations excluding reciprocals. in 1972--1973 the f1 hybrids and the five parents were field grown at bornova in randomized complete blocks. the characters studied were plant height, spike length, 1000-kernel weight, and plant yield. the analysis of data showed that (a) with respect to plant height and 1000-kernel weight all f1 combinations deviated from the corresponding midparen ...20081032104
heritability estimates from four generations of a diallel cross of common wheat.the heritabilities of 10 quantitative characters were studied on f1, f2, backcross, and selfed backcross generations of a five-parent diallel cross of common wheat grown at two locations. from this study it was found that (a) most of the characters in question were highly heritable, (b) the heritabilities estimated by regression and variance component methods were more or less the same (r=0.84** to 0.95**), and (c) the heritability of some characters was affected by location or by generation; in ...20081032103
optimization of agrobacterium-mediated transformation conditions in mature embryos of elite wheat.immature embryos have been used frequently as target tissues in the genetical transformation of wheat. however, obtaining a large number of high quality immature embryos throughout the year is a laborious and delicate process, because of the need to cultivate the plants under controlled conditions. to circumvent this, we have employed mature embryos rather than immature ones as starter explants for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of an elite wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar em12. the ...200917906943
effect of wheat forage maturity and preservation method on forage chemical composition and performance of growing calves fed mixed diets.three 2.4-ha wheat (triticum aestivum l.) fields were used to test the effects of maturity at harvest (boot vs. dough) and preservation method (hay vs. silage) on forage yield, chemical composition, and animal performance when fed in mixed diets. forages were incorporated into 4 diets in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with hominy feed, soybean hulls, and cottonseed meal as the primary concentrate ingredients. in exp. 1 diets contained 20% wheat forage (dm basis) and were fed to 96 b ...200919717767
involvement of s-adenosylmethionine-dependent halide/thiol methyltransferase (htmt) in methyl halide emissions from agricultural plants: isolation and characterization of an htmt-coding gene from raphanus sativus (daikon radish).biogenic emissions of methyl halides (ch3cl, ch3br and ch3i) are the major source of these compounds in the atmosphere; however, there are few reports about the halide profiles and strengths of these emissions. halide ion methyltransferase (hmt) and halide/thiol methyltransferase (htmt) enzymes concerning these emissions have been purified and characterized from several organisms including marine algae, fungi, and higher plants; however, the correlation between emission profiles of methyl halide ...200919723322
development of wheat-lophopyrum elongatum recombinant lines for enhanced sodium 'exclusion' during salinity stress.lophopyrum elongatum (tall wheatgrass), a wild relative of wheat, can be used as a source of novel genes for improving salt tolerance of bread wheat. sodium 'exclusion' is a major physiological mechanism for salt tolerance in a wheat-tall wheatgrass amphiploid, and a large proportion ( approximately 50%) for reduced na(+) accumulation in the xag leaf, as compared to wheat, was earlier shown to be contributed by genetic effects from substitution of chromosome 3e from tall wheatgrass for wheat chr ...200919727655
predicting stored grain insect population densities using an electronic probe trap.manual sampling of insects in stored grain is a laborious and time-consuming process. automation of grain sampling should help to increase the adoption of stored grain integrated pest management. a new commercial electronic grain probe trap (opi insector) has recently been marketed. we field tested opi insector electronic grain probes in two bins, each containing 32.6 tonnes of wheat, triticum aestivum l., over a 2-yr period. we developed new statistical models to convert insector catch into ins ...200919736786
molecular mapping of a stripe rust resistance gene in spring wheat cultivar zak.stripe rust (yellow rust), caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. growing resistant cultivars is the best approach for control of the disease. although the stripe rust resistance in spring wheat cv. zak has been circumvented by a group of races of the pathogen predominant in the united states since 2000, the resistance genes in zak were unknown. to identify and map the genes for resistance to stripe ru ...200919740035
phosphorylation at s384 regulates the activity of the taalmt1 malate transporter that underlies aluminum resistance in wheat.in this study we examined the role of protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in the transport properties of the wheat (triticum aestivum) root malate efflux transporter underlying al resistance, taalmt1. pre-incubation of xenopus laevis oocytes expressing taalmt1 with protein kinase inhibitors (k252a and staurosporine) strongly inhibited both basal and al(3+)-enhanced taalmt1-mediated inward currents (malate efflux). pre-incubation with phosphatase inhibitors (okadaic acid and cyclosporine a) ...200919563436
comparison of bloat potential between a variety of soft-red versus a variety of hard-red winter wheat forage.some aspects of wheat pasture bloat have been researched extensively, but few studies have evaluated the effect of wheat type or variety on bloat. eight gelbvieh x angus ruminally cannulated heifers (515 +/- 49 kg of bw) and 48 angus heifers (238 +/- 12 kg of bw) grazed 1-ha pastures of hard-red or soft-red winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to evaluate the effect of wheat variety on bloat potential. in exp. 1, cattle grazed from november 11 to 22 and from november 26 to december 7, 2006, in a ...200919574572
genetic transformation of nepalese spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars with ipt gene under the regulation of a senescence enhanced promoter from maize.two nepalese spring wheat cultivars were transformed with an ipt gene from agrobacterium tumefaciens under the control of the senescence inducible promoter psee1 from maize using biolistic method. the resulting transgenic lines, one from pasang lahmu and seven from annapurna-1, were studied for the expression of the transgene and the phenotype characters like chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a/b ratio, ps ii quantum yield and other parameters of agronomic importance. analysis of transgene expres ...200919579929
stolbur phytoplasma transmission to maize by reptalus panzeri and the disease cycle of maize redness in serbia.maize redness (mr), induced by stolbur phytoplasma ('candidatus phytoplasma solani', subgroup 16srxii-a), is characterized by midrib, leaf, and stalk reddening and abnormal ear development. mr has been reported from serbia, romania, and bulgaria for 50 years, and recent epiphytotics reduced yields by 40 to 90% in south banat district, serbia. potential vectors including leafhoppers and planthoppers in the order hemiptera, suborder auchenorrhyncha, were surveyed in mr-affected and low-mr-incidenc ...200919671007
the mediator complex subunit pft1 is a key regulator of jasmonate-dependent defense in arabidopsis.jasmonate signaling plays an important role in both plant defense and development. here, we have identified a subunit of the mediator complex as a regulator of the jasmonate signaling pathway in arabidopsis thaliana. the mediator complex is a conserved multiprotein complex that acts as a universal adaptor between transcription factors and the rna polymerase ii transcriptional machinery. we report that the phytochrome and flowering time1 (pft1) gene, which encodes the mediator25 subunit of mediat ...200919671879
short-term foraging dynamics of cattle grazing swards with different canopy structures.the objective of the present experiment was to describe the sward canopy structures of 3 different wheat (triticum aestivum l.) pastures and relate them to short-term herbage intake rate and foraging dynamics by steers. pastures were sampled for leaf and stem fractions at the bottom, middle, and top canopy strata. sward surface heights and tiller and bulk densities were measured. herbage was separated into stem and leaf, and leaves were then ranked phenologically. three steers grazed (grazing se ...200919684258
rapid evolution of simple sequence repeat induced by allopolyploidization.microsatellite evolution normally occurs in diploids. until now, there has been a lack of direct experimental evidence for microsatellite evolution following allopolyploidization. in the present study, f(1) hybrids and newly synthesized allopolyploids were derived from triticum aestivum chinese spring x secale cereale jinzhou-heimai. one hundred and sixty-three wheat simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers were used to investigate the variation of wheat microsatellites after allopolyploidization an ...200919688286
expression of phytoene synthase1 and carotene desaturase crti genes result in an increase in the total carotenoids content in transgenic elite wheat (triticum aestivum l.).dietary micronutrient deficiencies, such as the lack of vitamin a, are a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. carotenoids in food can function as provitamin a in humans, while grains of chinese elite wheat cultivars generally have low carotenoid contents. to increase the carotenoid contents in common wheat endosperm, transgenic wheat has been generated by expressing the maize y1 gene encoding phytoene synthase driven by a endosperm-specific 1dx5 promoter in the elite wheat (triticu ...200919694433
[hydrogen peroxide production in wheat leaves infected with the fungus septoria nodorum berk. strains with different virulence].the effect of two strains of the phytopathogenic fungus septoria nodorum berk. of different virulence on the intensity of local generation of hydrogen peroxide in common wheat leaves and the role of oxidoreductases in this process was studied. differences in the pattern of hydrogen peroxide production in wheat plants infected with high- and low-virulence pathogen strains have been found. the low-virulent s. nodorum strain caused a long-term hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) generation in the infection zo ...200919764620
identification of structural determinants for inhibition strength and specificity of wheat xylanase inhibitors taxi-ia and taxi-iia.triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi)-type inhibitors are active against microbial xylanases from glycoside hydrolase family 11, but the inhibition strength and the specificity towards different xylanases differ between taxi isoforms. mutational and biochemical analyses of taxi-i, taxi-iia and bacillus subtilis xylanase a showed that inhibition strength and specificity depend on the identity of only a few key residues of inhibitor and xylanase [fierens k et al. (2005) febs j 272, 5872-5882 ...200919769747
research progress in bydv resistance genes derived from wheat and its wild relatives.barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) may cause a serious disease affecting wheat worldwide. true resistance to bydv is not naturally found in wheat. bydv resistance genes are found in more than 10 wild relative species belonging to the genera of thinopyrum, agropyron, elymus, leymus, roegneria, and psathyrostachy. through wide crosses combining with cell culture, use of ph mutants, or irradiation, 3 bydv resistance genes in th. intermedium, including bdv2, bdv3 and bdv4, were introgressed into commo ...200919782958
effects of cadmium on plant growth and physiological traits in contrast wheat recombinant inbred lines differing in cadmium tolerance.four wheat (triticum aestivum l.) lines differing in cadmium (cd) tolerance previously identified from a recombinant inbred line population were subjected to 50 microm cdcl2 from the three-leaf stage for 24 d, to investigate the responses of wheat seedlings to cd toxicity. under cd stress, most growth parameters and root morphological traits were reduced, except for secondary root numbers and average root diameter. cd enhanced leaf cell peroxidation due to increased malondialdehyde (mda) content ...200919783279
tree-based intercropping systems increase growth and nutrient status of hybrid poplar: a case study from two northeastern american experiments.tree-based intercropping is considered to be a potentially useful land use system for mitigating negative environmental impacts from intensive agriculture such as nutrient leaching and greenhouse gas emissions. rapid early growth of trees is critical for rapidly accruing environmental benefits provided by the trees. we tested the hypothesis that intercropping increases the growth and nutrient status of young hybrid poplars (populus spp.), compared to a harrowing alley treatment (i.e., no intercr ...200919783353
homoeologous recombination within bread wheat to develop novel combinations of hmw-gs genes: transfer of the glu-a1 locus to chromosome 1d.in an attempt to improve the bread-making quality within hexaploid wheat by elaborating novel high-molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) combinations useful in wheat-breeding programmes, a 1a chromosome fragment carrying the glu-a1 locus encoding the subunit ax2*, was translocated to the long arm of chromosome 1d. the partially isohomoeoallelic line, designated rr239, had a meiotic behaviour as regular as cv. courtot. it was characterised using genomic in situ hybridization and microsatell ...200919820963
genetic behavior of controlling area under disease progress curve for stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in two wheat (triticum aestivum) crosses.genetic effects on controlling resistance to stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici eriksson)were determined in two wheat crosses, bakhtawar-92 (b-92) x frontana and inqilab-91 x fakhre sarhad using area under the disease progress curve (audpc) as a measure of stripe rust resistance. the resistant and susceptible parents involved in developing genetic populations were identified by initial assessment of 45 wheat accessions for stripe rust reaction. mixed inheritance model was applied t ...200919821730
wheat antixenosis, antibiosis, and tolerance to infestation by delphacodes kuscheli (hemiptera: delphacidae), a vector of "mal de río cuarto" in argentina."mal de rio cuarto", is the most important virus disease of corn, zea mays l., in argentina. it is caused by the mal de rio cuarto virus (family reoviridae, genus fijivirus. mrcv), which is a persistent virus transmitted by delphacodes kuscheli (fennah 1955) (hemiptera: delphacidae). because corn is not a natural host of d. kuscheli, it has little protection from this pest. in contrast, wheat, triticum aestivum l., is one of the main hosts of this vector and a reservoir of mrcv. the aim of this ...200919886444
plant responses to seven russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) biotypes found in the united states.the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), is a serious wheat, triticum aestivum l., and barley, hordeum vulgare l., pest throughout the small grain-producing areas in the western united states. the virulency and classification of recently described russian wheat aphid biotypes 1-7 (rwa1-7) were clarified using 24 plant differentials. these seven biotypes had been described previously using various methods and test environments; therefore, the purpose of this st ...200919886462
evaluation of the genetic variability of homoeologous group 3 ssrs in bread wheat.thorough characterization of the genetic variability in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is important for a better improvement of this key crop and to increase cereal yield in the context of sustainable agriculture to face human needs in the next decades. to study the genetic variability of ssrs on wheat homoeologous group 3 chromosomes, we characterized 38 hexaploid and two tetraploid wheat lines using a set of 165 microsatellites that we cytogenetically assigned to the 17 deletion bins for c ...200919938624
the molecular biology of seasonal flowering-responses in arabidopsis and the cereals.in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), flowering locus t (ft) and flowering locus c (flc) play key roles in regulating seasonal flowering-responses to synchronize flowering with optimal conditions. ft is a promoter of flowering activated by long days and by warm conditions. flc represses ft to delay flowering until plants experience winter.200919304997
family-based mapping of quantitative trait loci in plant breeding populations with resistance to fusarium head blight in wheat as an illustration.traditional quantitative trait loci (qtl) mapping approaches are typically based on early or advanced generation analysis of bi-parental populations. a limitation associated with this methodology is the fact that mapping populations rarely give rise to new cultivars. additionally, markers linked to the qtl of interest are often not immediately available for use in breeding and they may not be useful within diverse genetic backgrounds. use of breeding populations for simultaneous qtl mapping, mar ...200919322557
saturation and comparative mapping of the genomic region harboring hessian fly resistance gene h26 in wheat.resistance gene h26, derived from aegilops tauschii coss., is one of the most effective r genes against the hessian fly [mayetiola destructor (say)], an important pest of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). using a limited number of pcr-based molecular markers a previous study mapped h26 to the wheat chromosomal deletion bin 3dl3-0.81-1.00. the objectives of this study were to saturate the chromosomal region harboring h26 with newly developed pcr-based markers and to investigate the collinearity of th ...200919322558
timing and biosynthetic potential for carotenoid accumulation in genetically diverse germplasm of maize.enhancement of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in food crops benefits human health and adds commercial value of natural food colorants. however, predictable metabolic engineering or breeding is limited by the incomplete understanding of endogenous pathway regulation, including rate-controlling steps and timing of expression in carotenogenic tissues. the grass family (poaceae) contains major crop staples, including maize (zea mays), wheat (triticum aestivum), rice (oryza sativa), sorghum (sor ...200919346441
meiosis drives extraordinary genome plasticity in the haploid fungal plant pathogen mycosphaerella graminicola.meiosis in the haploid plant-pathogenic fungus mycosphaerella graminicola results in eight ascospores due to a mitotic division following the two meiotic divisions. the transient diploid phase allows for recombination among homologous chromosomes. however, some chromosomes of m. graminicola lack homologs and do not pair during meiosis. because these chromosomes are not present universally in the genome of the organism they can be considered to be dispensable. to analyze the meiotic transmission ...200919516898
the dawgpaws pipeline for the annotation of genes and transposable elements in plant genomes.abstract:200919545381
effects of dried distillers' grains with solubles (wheat-based) in feedlot cattle diets on feces and manure composition.the use of dried distillers' grains with solubles (ddgs) in feedlot cattle (bos taurus) diets is increasing as the bio-ethanol industry expands. this study investigated how wheat (triticum aestivum l.) ddgs-based diets impact feedlot cattle nutrient and volatile fatty acid (vfa) excretion. feedlot heifers were fed ddgs at 0 (control) 20, 40, 60% or 60% + ca (1% limestone) of dietary dry matter. feces and manure were sampled monthly over a 133-d finishing period. total nitrogen (tn) (feces only), ...200919549948
[studies on quantitative trait loci related to activity of lactate dehydrogenase in common carp (cyprinus carpio)].the reciprocal intergeneric hybrids between common wheat and roegneria kamoji were successfully obtained by means of embryo culture. morphology, chromosome pairing behavior at meiosis, fertility, and resistance to scab of the hybrid f1 and bc1 were studied. the results showed that the morphology of the reciprocal intergeneric hybrids f1 between r. kamoji and t. aestivum cv. chinese spring were intermediate type between the two parental species. the chromosome configuration at metaphase i (mi) of ...200919586894
regulation of resistance and susceptibility in wheat-powdery mildew pathosystem with exogenous cytokinins.dose-response relationship between resistance of wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum, cultivar zarya) to erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici marchal. (syn. blumeria graminis), a causal organism of wheat powdery mildew and exogenous zeatin has been investigated. two-week-old seedlings were inoculated with the pathogen. zeatin or zeatinriboside were added to the nutrient solution immediately after inoculation. the dose-response curve of cytokinin in the most cases was multiphasic, with peaks of increa ...200919592133
reevaluation of a tetraploid wheat population indicates that the tsn1-toxa interaction is the only factor governing stagonospora nodorum blotch susceptibility.the wheat tsn1 gene on chromosome 5b confers sensitivity to a host-selective toxin produced by the pathogens that cause tan spot and stagonospora nodorum blotch (snb) known as ptr toxa and sntoxa, respectively (hereafter referred to as toxa). a compatible tsn1-toxa interaction is known to play a major role in conferring susceptibility of hexaploid (common) wheat to snb. however, a recent study by another group suggested that the tsn1-toxa interaction was not relevant in conferring susceptibility ...200919594309
characterization of genetic components involved in durable resistance to stripe rust in the bread wheat 'renan'.stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. tritici, is one of the most widespread and destructive wheat diseases in areas where cool temperatures prevail. the wheat cv. renan, carrying the specific gene yr17, has shown effective resistance for a long time, even though some pathotypes overcame the yr17 gene. the objectives of this study were to locate and map genetic loci associated with adult-plant resistance (apr) to stripe rust in a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross b ...200919594316
influence of genetic and environmental factors on selected nutritional traits of triticum monococcum.to evaluate the effect of genotype, year, and location on protein, lipid, tocol, and lutein content and on fatty acids composition of wholemeal flour, five einkorns (triticum monococcum l. ssp. monococcum) and one control bread wheat were cropped in italy for two years in four different locations. genotype and year exerted major effects on protein, tocotrienol, and lutein contents, while tocopherol and lipid contents were influenced only by the genotype. the concentrations of linoleic, oleic, an ...200919601667
identification of three wheat globulin genes by screening a triticum aestivum bac genomic library with cdna from a diabetes-associated globulin.exposure to dietary wheat proteins in genetically susceptible individuals has been associated with increased risk for the development of type 1 diabetes (t1d). recently, a wheat protein encoded by cdna wp5212 has been shown to be antigenic in mice, rats and humans with autoimmune t1d. to investigate the genomic origin of the identified wheat protein cdna, a hexaploid wheat genomic library from glenlea cultivar was screened.200919615078
effects of different water availability at post-anthesis stage on grain nutrition and quality in strong-gluten winter wheat.wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most important agricultural crops worldwide. however, water is the most important limiting factor for wheat production. this study was initiated to test water stress environmental effects on grain quality and nutritional value of wheat by using single different water conditions at post-anthesis stage. further analyses were conducted to examine variations in concentrations and compositions of the bioactive compounds and nutritions in strong-gluten winter ...200919632660
genomic diversity of germinating scutellum specific gene p23k in barley and wheat.p23k is a 23 kda protein involved in sugar translocation in the scutellum of germinating barley seeds. the present study was carried out to provide the genomic characterization for p23k gene in terms of copy number, chromosome mapping, genetic mapping and expression analysis in germinating sculletum in two major triticeae crops, barley and wheat, and their relatives. southern blotting showed that a variable copy number with different restriction fragment sizes was found among 15 hordeum accessio ...200919641998
identifying qtl for high-temperature adult-plant resistance to stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in the spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar 'louise'.over time, many single, all-stage resistance genes to stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) are circumvented by race changes in the pathogen. in contrast, high-temperature, adult-plant resistance (htap), which only is expressed during the adult-plant stage and when air temperatures are warm, provides durable protection against stripe rust. our objective was to identify major quantitative trait loci (qtl) for htap resistance to stripe rust in the spring ...200919644666
mitochondrial and nuclear localization of a novel pea thioredoxin: identification of its mitochondrial target proteins.plants contain several genes encoding thioredoxins (trxs), small proteins involved in the regulation of the activity of many enzymes through dithiol-disulfide exchange. in addition to chloroplastic and cytoplasmic trx systems, plant mitochondria contain a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent trx reductase and a specific trx o, and to date, there have been no reports of a gene encoding a plant nuclear trx. we report here the presence in pea (pisum sativum) mitochondria an ...200919363090
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