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functional role of rice germin-like protein1 in regulation of plant height and disease resistance.the functional role of rice (oryza sativa) germin-like protein1 (osglp1) was elucidated through development of transgenic plants involving endogenous gene silencing in rice and heterologous gene expression in tobacco. usually, the single copy osglp1 gene in rice plant was found to be expressed predominantly in green vegetative tissues. the transgenic rice lines showed significant reduction in endogenous osglp1 expression due to 26nt sirna-mediated gene silencing, displayed semi-dwarfism and were ...201020188068
identification of a second major resistance gene to rice yellow mottle virus, rymv2, in the african cultivated rice species, o. glaberrima.rice yellow mottle virus (rymv) is the most damaging rice-infecting virus in africa. however, few sources of high resistance and only a single major resistance gene, rymv1, are known to date. we screened a large representative collection of african cultivated rice (oryza glaberrima) for rymv resistance. whereas high resistance is known to be very rare in asian cultivated rice (oryza sativa), we identified 29 (8%) highly resistant accessions in o. glaberrima. the mif4g domain of rymv1 was sequenc ...201020198467
northern blotting techniques for small rnas.in eukaryotes, rna silencing encompasses a range of biochemical processes mediated by approximately 20-25 nt small rnas (smrnas). this chapter describes northern blot hybridization techniques optimized for detection of such smrnas, whether extracted from plant or animal tissues. the basic protocol is described, and control blots illustrate the detection specificity and sensitivity of this method using dna oligonucleotide probes. known endogenous smrnas are analyzed in samples prepared from sever ...201020204871
expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of rice (oryza sativa l.) os4bglu12 beta-glucosidase.rice (oryza sativa l.) os4bglu12, a glycoside hydrolase family 1 beta-glucosidase (ec 3.2.1.21), was expressed as a fusion protein with an n-terminal thioredoxin/his(6) tag in escherichia coli strain origami b (de3) and purified with subsequent removal of the n-terminal tag. native os4bglu12 and its complex with 2,4-dinitrophenyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d-glucopyranoside (dnp2fg) were crystallized using 19% polyethylene glycol (3350 or 2000, respectively) in 0.1 m tris-hcl ph 8.5, 0.16 m nacl at 2 ...201020208171
the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis enhances the photosynthetic efficiency and the antioxidative response of rice plants subjected to drought stress.rice (oryza sativa) is the most important crop for human consumption, providing staple food for more than half of the world's population. rice is conventionally grown under flooded conditions for most of its growing cycle. however, about half of the rice area in the world does not have sufficient water to maintain optimal growing conditions and yield is reduced by drought. one possible way to increase rice production in order to meet the rice demand is to improve its drought tolerance by means o ...201020227134
light-induced activation of class ii cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyases.light-induced activation of class ii cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (cpd) photolyases of arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa has been examined by uv/vis and pulsed davies-type electron-nuclear double resonance (endor) spectroscopy, and the results compared with structure-known class i enzymes, cpd photolyase and (6-4) photolyase. by endor spectroscopy, the local environment of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad) cofactor is probed by virtue of proton hyperfine couplings that report on the elec ...201020227927
genetic control of phenotypic plasticity in asian cultivated and wild rice in response to nutrient and density changes.phenotypic plasticity is an adaptive mechanism adopted by plants in response to environmental heterogeneity. cultivated and wild species adapt in contrasting environments; however, it is not well understood how genetic changes responsible for phenotypic plasticity were involved in crop evolution. we investigated the genetic control of phenotypic plasticity in asian cultivated (oryza sativa) and wild rice (o. rufipogon) under 5 environmental conditions (2 nutrient and 3 density levels). quantitat ...201020237598
diel time-courses of leaf growth in monocot and dicot species: endogenous rhythms and temperature effects.diel (24 h) leaf growth patterns were differently affected by temperature variations and the circadian clock in several plant species. in the monocotyledon zea mays, leaf elongation rate closely followed changes in temperature. in the dicotyledons nicotiana tabacum, ricinus communis, and flaveria bidentis, the effect of temperature regimes was less obvious and leaf growth exhibited a clear circadian oscillation. these differences were related neither to primary metabolism nor to altered carbohyd ...201020299442
characterization of rice nucleotide sugar transporters capable of transporting udp-galactose and udp-glucose.using the basic local alignment search tool (blast) algorithm to search the oryza sativa (japanese rice) nucleotide sequence databases with the arabidopsis thaliana udp-galactose transporter sequences as queries, we found a number of sequences encoding putative o. sativa udp-galactose transporters. from these, we cloned four putative udp-galactose transporters, designated osugt1, 2, 3 and 4, which exhibited high sequence similarity with arabidopsis thaliana udp-galactose transporters. osugt1, 2, ...201020305274
heterologous expression and characterization of recombinant oscdr1, a rice aspartic proteinase involved in disease resistance.the oryza sativa constitutive disease resistance 1 (oscdr1) gene product is an aspartic proteinase that has been implicated in disease resistance signaling. this apoplastic enzyme is a member of the group of 'atypical' plant aspartic proteinases. recombinant oscdr1 expressed in escherichia coli exhibited protease activity against succinylated-casein substrate. inactivating the enzyme through modification of an aspartate residue present in the deduced active site completely abolished its proteina ...201020347986
alkylresorcinol synthases expressed in sorghum bicolor root hairs play an essential role in the biosynthesis of the allelopathic benzoquinone sorgoleone.sorghum bicolor is considered to be an allelopathic crop species, producing phytotoxins such as the lipid benzoquinone sorgoleone, which likely accounts for many of the allelopathic properties of sorghum spp. current evidence suggests that sorgoleone biosynthesis occurs exclusively in root hair cells and involves the production of an alkylresorcinolic intermediate (5-[(z,z)-8',11',14'-pentadecatrienyl]resorcinol) derived from an unusual 16:3delta(9,12,15) fatty acyl-coa starter unit. this led to ...201020348430
common genetic pathways regulate organ-specific infection-related development in the rice blast fungus.magnaporthe oryzae is the most important fungal pathogen of rice (oryza sativa). under laboratory conditions, it is able to colonize both aerial and underground plant organs using different mechanisms. here, we characterize an infection-related development in m. oryzae produced on hydrophilic polystyrene (phil-ps) and on roots. we show that fungal spores develop preinvasive hyphae (pre-ih) from hyphopodia (root penetration structures) or germ tubes and that pre-ih also enter root cells. changes ...201020348434
purification and properties of cysteine protease from rhizomes of curcuma longa (linn.).turmeric rhizome (curcuma domestica linn.) contains proteases and has proteolytic activity. curcumin from turmeric rhizomes has been used for healing many ailments, including cancer. the purpose of this study was to purify turmeric protease and to research their biochemical characteristics [corrected].201020355018
regulation of microbe-associated molecular pattern-induced hypersensitive cell death, phytoalexin production, and defense gene expression by calcineurin b-like protein-interacting protein kinases, oscipk14/15, in rice cultured cells.although cytosolic free ca(2+) mobilization induced by microbe/pathogen-associated molecular patterns is postulated to play a pivotal role in innate immunity in plants, the molecular links between ca(2+) and downstream defense responses still remain largely unknown. calcineurin b-like proteins (cbls) act as ca(2+) sensors to activate specific protein kinases, cbl-interacting protein kinases (cipks). we here identified two cipks, oscipk14 and oscipk15, rapidly induced by microbe-associated molecu ...201020357140
genomic organization of plant aminopropyl transferases.aminopropyl transferases like spermidine synthase (spds; ec 2.5.1.16), spermine synthase and thermospermine synthase (spms, tspms; ec 2.5.1.22) belong to a class of widely distributed enzymes that use decarboxylated s-adenosylmethionine as an aminopropyl donor and putrescine or spermidine as an amino acceptor to form in that order spermidine, spermine or thermospermine. we describe the analysis of plant genomic sequences encoding spds, spms, tspms and pmt (putrescine n-methyltransferase; ec 2.1. ...201020381365
the sepallata-like gene osmads34 is required for rice inflorescence and spikelet development.grass plants develop distinct inflorescences and spikelets that determine grain yields. however, the mechanisms underlying the specification of inflorescences and spikelets in grasses remain largely unknown. here, we report the biological role of one sepallata (sep)-like gene, osmads34, in controlling the development of inflorescences and spikelets in rice (oryza sativa). osmads34 encodes a mads box protein containing a short carboxyl terminus without transcriptional activation activity in yeast ...201020395452
a new species of harpophora (magnaporthaceae) recovered from healthy wild rice (oryza granulata) roots, representing a novel member of a beneficial dark septate endophyte.a survey of the endophytic fungal community of wild rice (oryza granulata) in china was conducted. two isolates recovered from healthy roots are assumed to be dark septate endophytes (dses). they are morphologically similar to species from the genus harpophora and are identified as a new species, harpophora oryzae, based on the molecular phylogeny and morphological characteristics. a neighbor-joining tree constructed from its-5.8s rrna gene regions reveals that h. oryzae forms a distinctive subc ...201020402786
protocol: a simple gel-free method for snp genotyping using allele-specific primers in rice and other plant species.abstract:201020409329
development and application of gene-based markers for the major rice qtl phosphorus uptake 1.marker-assisted breeding is a very useful tool for breeders but still lags behind its potential because information on the effect of quantitative trait loci (qtls) in different genetic backgrounds and ideal molecular markers are unavailable. here, we report on some first steps toward the validation and application of the major rice qtl phosphate uptake 1 (pup1) that confers tolerance of phosphorus (p) deficiency in rice (oryza sativa l.). based on the pup1 genomic sequence of the tolerant donor ...201020035315
apc-targeted raa1 degradation mediates the cell cycle and root development in plants.protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is necessary for a normal cell cycle. as compared with knowledge of the mechanism in animals and yeast, that in plants is less known. here we summarize research into the regulatory mechanism of protein degradation in the cell cycle in plants. anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (apc), in the e3 family of enzymes, plays an important role in maintaining normal mitosis. apc activation and substrate specificity is determined by its activators, ...201020037474
identity, diversity, and molecular phylogeny of the endophytic mycobiota in the roots of rare wild rice (oryza granulate) from a nature reserve in yunnan, china.rice (oryza sativa l.) is, on a global scale, one of the most important food crops. although endophytic fungi and bacteria associated with rice have been investigated, little is known about the endophytic fungi of wild rice (oryza granulate) in china. here we studied the root endophytic mycobiota residing in roots of o. granulate by the use of an integrated approach consisting of microscopy, cultivation, ecological indices, and direct pcr. microscopy confirmed the ubiquitousness of dark septate ...201020038691
cadmium content of commercial and contaminated rice, oryza sativa, in thailand and potential health implications.thailand is the number one global exporter and among the top five producers of rice in the world. a significant increase in anthropogenic contamination in agricultural soils over the past few decades has lead to concerns with cadmium and its uptake in rice. the cadmium levels in thai rice from different sources/areas were determined and used to estimate the potential health risks to consumers. the cadmium concentration in the commercial rice samples ranged from below the detection limit to 0.016 ...201020039016
the bzip transcription factor osabf1 is an aba responsive element binding factor that enhances abiotic stress signaling in rice.a number of basic leucine zipper (bzip) transcription factors are known to function in stress signaling in plants but few have thus far been functionally characterized in rice. in our current study in rice, we have newly isolated and characterized the osabf1 (oryza sativa aba responsive element binding factor 1) gene that encodes a bzip transcription factor. its expression in seedling shoots and roots was found to be induced by various abiotic stress treatments such as anoxia, salinity, drought, ...201020039193
arsenic accumulation and phosphorus status in two rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars surveyed from fields in south china.the consumption of paddy rice (oryza sativa l.) is a major inorganic arsenic exposure pathway in s.e. asia. a multi-location survey was undertaken in guangdong province, south china to assess arsenic accumulation and speciation in 2 rice cultivars, one an indica and the other a hybrid indica. the results showed that arsenic concentrations in rice tissue increased in the order grain < husk < straw < root. rice grain arsenic content of 2 rice cultivars was significant different and correlated with ...201020045585
complete genomic structure of the cultivated rice endophyte azospirillum sp. b510.we determined the nucleotide sequence of the entire genome of a diazotrophic endophyte, azospirillum sp. b510. strain b510 is an endophytic bacterium isolated from stems of rice plants (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare). the genome of b510 consisted of a single chromosome (3,311,395 bp) and six plasmids, designated as pab510a (1,455,109 bp), pab510b (723,779 bp), pab510c (681,723 bp), pab510d (628,837 bp), pab510e (537,299 bp), and pab510f (261,596 bp). the chromosome bears 2893 potential protein-enc ...201020047946
presence of three mycorrhizal genes in the common ancestor of land plants suggests a key role of mycorrhizas in the colonization of land by plants.*the colonization of land by plants fundamentally altered environmental conditions on earth. plant-mycorrhizal fungus symbiosis likely played a key role in this process by assisting plants to absorb water and nutrients from soil. *here, in a diverse set of land plants, we investigated the evolutionary histories and functional conservation of three genes required for mycorrhiza formation in legumes and rice (oryza sativa), dmi1, dmi3 and ipd3. *the genes were isolated from nearly all major plant ...201020059702
identification of a rice stripe necrosis virus resistance locus and yield component qtls using oryza sativa x o. glaberrima introgression lines.developing new population types based on interspecific introgressions has been suggested by several authors to facilitate the discovery of novel allelic sources for traits of agronomic importance. chromosome segment substitution lines from interspecific crosses represent a powerful and useful genetic resource for qtl detection and breeding programs.201020064202
agricultural wetlands as potential hotspots for mercury bioaccumulation: experimental evidence using caged fish.wetlands provide numerous ecosystem services, but also can be sources of methylmercury (mehg) production and export. rice agricultural wetlands in particular may be important sites for mehg bioaccumulation due to their worldwide ubiquity, periodic flooding schedules, and high use by wildlife. we assessed mehg bioaccumulation within agricultural and perennial wetlands common to california's central valley during summer, when the majority of wetland habitats are shallowly flooded rice fields. we i ...201020067279
cytochrome p450 family member cyp704b2 catalyzes the {omega}-hydroxylation of fatty acids and is required for anther cutin biosynthesis and pollen exine formation in rice.the anther cuticle and microspore exine act as protective barriers for the male gametophyte and pollen grain, but relatively little is known about the mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of the monomers of which they are composed. we report here the isolation and characterization of a rice (oryza sativa) male sterile mutant, cyp704b2, which exhibits a swollen sporophytic tapetal layer, aborted pollen grains without detectable exine, and undeveloped anther cuticle. in addition, chemical compos ...201020086189
zinc finger-containing glycine-rich rna-binding protein in oryza sativa has an rna chaperone activity under cold stress conditions.the rice (oryza sativa) genome harbours three genes encoding cyscyshiscys (cchc)-type zinc finger-containing glycine-rich rna-binding proteins, designated osrz proteins, but their importance and physiological functions remain largely unknown. here, the stress-responsive expression patterns of osrzs were assessed, and the biological and cellular functions of osrzs were evaluated under low temperature conditions. the expression levels of the three osrzs were up-regulated by cold stress, whereas dr ...201020088860
a candidate gene osapc6 of anaphase-promoting complex of rice identified through t-dna insertion.a dwarf mutant (oryza sativa anaphase-promoting complex 6 (osapc6)) of rice cultivar basmati 370 with 50% reduced plant height as compared to the wild type was isolated by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation using hm(r) ds cassette. this mutant was found to be insensitive to exogenous gibberellic acid (ga(3)) application. homozygous mutant plants showed incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity for plant height and pleiotropic effects including gibberellic acid insensitivity, ...201020091079
abscisic acid-induced resistance against the brown spot pathogen cochliobolus miyabeanus in rice involves map kinase-mediated repression of ethylene signaling.the plant hormone abscisic acid (aba) is involved in an array of plant processes, including the regulation of gene expression during adaptive responses to various environmental cues. apart from its well-established role in abiotic stress adaptation, emerging evidence indicates that aba is also prominently involved in the regulation and integration of pathogen defense responses. here, we demonstrate that exogenously administered aba enhances basal resistance of rice (oryza sativa) against the bro ...201020130100
a rare sugar, d-allose, confers resistance to rice bacterial blight with upregulation of defense-related genes in oryza sativa.we investigated responses of rice plant to three rare sugars, d-altrose, d-sorbose, and d-allose, due to establishment of mass production methods for these rare sugars. root growth and shoot growth were significantly inhibited by d-allose but not by the other rare sugars. a large-scale gene expression analysis using a rice microarray revealed that d-allose treatment causes a high upregulation of many defense-related, pathogenesis-related (pr) protein genes in rice. the pr protein genes were not ...201019968553
structural differences among alkali-soluble arabinoxylans from maize (zea mays), rice (oryza sativa), and wheat (triticum aestivum) brans influence human fecal fermentation profiles.human fecal fermentation profiles of maize, rice, and wheat bran and their dietary fiber fractions released by alkaline-hydrogen peroxide treatment (principally arabinoxylan) were obtained with the aim of identifying and characterizing fractions associated with high production of short chain fatty acids and a linear fermentation profile for possible application as a slowly fermentable dietary fiber. the alkali-soluble fraction from maize bran resulted in the highest short chain fatty acid produc ...201020000566
the role of casein kinase ii in flowering time regulation has diversified during evolution.casein kinase ii (ck2) is a protein kinase with an evolutionarily conserved function as a circadian clock component in several organisms, including the long-day plant arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). the circadian clock component circadian clock associated1 (cca1) is a ck2 target in arabidopsis, where it influences photoperiodic flowering. in rice (oryza sativa), a short-day plant, heading date6 (hd6) encodes a ck2alpha subunit that delays flowering time under long-day conditions. here, we de ...201020007447
isolation, identification and characterization of soil microbes which degrade phenolic allelochemicals.to isolate and characterize microbes in the soils containing high contents of phenolics and to dissolve the allelopathic inhibition of plants through microbial degradation.201019912433
osku70 is associated with developmental growth and genome stability in rice.the cellular functions of ku70 in repair of dna double-stranded breaks and telomere regulation have been described in a wide range of organisms. in this study, we identified the rice (oryza sativa) ku70 homolog (osku70) from the rice genome database. osku70 transcript was detected constitutively in every tissue and developmental stage examined and also in undifferentiated callus cells in rice. yeast two-hybrid and in vitro pull-down experiments revealed that osku70 physically interacts with osku ...201019923234
genomic diversity and introgression in o. sativa reveal the impact of domestication and breeding on the rice genome.the domestication of asian rice (oryza sativa) was a complex process punctuated by episodes of introgressive hybridization among and between subpopulations. deep genetic divergence between the two main varietal groups (indica and japonica) suggests domestication from at least two distinct wild populations. however, genetic uniformity surrounding key domestication genes across divergent subpopulations suggests cultural exchange of genetic material among ancient farmers.201020520727
transcriptome divergence between the hexaploid salt-marsh sister species spartina maritima and spartina alterniflora (poaceae).invasive species are ideal model systems to investigate the evolutionary processes associated with their ecological success by comparison with closely related species. in this article, we explore transcriptome evolution following divergence between two closely related salt-marsh species, the invasive spartina alterniflora (native to the east-american atlantic coast, introduced in several continents) and the declining spartina maritima (native to the euro-african atlantic coast). we have explored ...201020550634
genomic patterns of nucleotide diversity in divergent populations of u.s. weedy rice.weedy rice (red rice), a conspecific weed of cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.), is a significant problem throughout the world and an emerging threat in regions where it was previously absent. despite belonging to the same species complex as domesticated rice and its wild relatives, the evolutionary origins of weedy rice remain unclear. we use genome-wide patterns of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) variation in a broad geographic sample of weedy, domesticated, and wild oryza samples to infer ...201020550656
functional characterization of the siz/pias-type sumo e3 ligases, ossiz1 and ossiz2 in rice.sumoylation is a post-translational regulatory process in diverse cellular processes in eukaryotes, involving conjugation/deconjugation of small ubiquitin-like modifier (sumo) proteins to other proteins thus modifying their function. the pias [protein inhibitor of activated signal transducers and activators of transcription (stat)] and sap (scaffold attachment factor a/b/acinus/pias)/miz (siz) proteins exhibit sumo e3-ligase activity that facilitates the conjugation of sumo proteins to target su ...201020561251
the abre-binding bzip transcription factor osabf2 is a positive regulator of abiotic stress and aba signaling in rice.abscisic acid (aba) is an important phytohormone involved in abiotic stress tolerance in plants. the group a bzip transcription factors play important roles in the aba signaling pathway in arabidopsis but little is known about their functions in rice. in our current study, we have isolated and characterized a group a bzip transcription factor in rice, osabf2 (oryza sativa aba-responsive element binding factor 2). it was found to be expressed in various tissues in rice and induced by different ty ...201020576316
application of response surface methodology and artificial neural networks for optimization of recombinant oryza sativa non-symbiotic hemoglobin 1 production by escherichia coli in medium containing byproduct glycerol.production of recombinant oryza sativa non-symbiotic hemoglobin 1 (oshb1) by escherichia coli was maximized in shake-flask cultures in media containing tryptone, yeast extract, sodium chloride and byproduct glycerol from biodiesel production. response surface methodology (rsm) and artificial neural networks (anns), followed by multiple response optimization through a desirability function were applied to evaluate the amount of oshb1 produced. the results obtained by the application of anns were ...201020576568
application of response surface methodology and artificial neural networks for optimization of recombinant oryza sativa non-symbiotic hemoglobin 1 production by escherichia coli in medium containing byproduct glycerol.production of recombinant oryza sativa non-symbiotic hemoglobin 1 (oshb1) by escherichia coli was maximized in shake-flask cultures in media containing tryptone, yeast extract, sodium chloride and byproduct glycerol from biodiesel production. response surface methodology (rsm) and artificial neural networks (anns), followed by multiple response optimization through a desirability function were applied to evaluate the amount of oshb1 produced. the results obtained by the application of anns were ...201020578289
boron toxicity tolerance in barley through reduced expression of the multifunctional aquaporin hvnip2;1.boron (b) toxicity is a significant limitation to cereal crop production in a number of regions worldwide. here we describe the cloning of a gene from barley (hordeum vulgare), underlying the chromosome 6h b toxicity tolerance quantitative trait locus. it is the second b toxicity tolerance gene identified in barley. previously, we identified the gene bot1 that functions as an efflux transporter in b toxicity-tolerant barley to move b out of the plant. the gene identified in this work encodes hvn ...201020581256
two solanesyl diphosphate synthases with different subcellular localizations and their respective physiological roles in oryza sativa.long chain prenyl diphosphates are crucial biosynthetic precursors of ubiquinone (uq) in many organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans, as well as precursors of plastoquinone in photosynthetic organisms. the cloning and characterization of two solanesyl diphosphate synthase genes, ossps1 and ossps2, in oryza sativa is reported here. ossps1 was highly expressed in root tissue whereas ossps2 was found to be high in both leaves and roots. enzymatic characterization using recombinant proteins show ...201020421194
new regulator for energy signaling pathway in plants highlights conservation among species.the "low-energy checkpoint" snf1-related protein kinases, which are conserved in all eukaryotes, play an important role in cellular metabolic adaptation to differences in energy and oxygen availability. although the signaling pathways involved in such metabolic adaptations are well understood in yeast and mammals, they have been poorly understood in plants. a recent study revealed that calcineurin b-like interacting protein kinase 15 (cipk15) acted as a global regulator of such adaptations, link ...201020424261
identification and characterization of nagnag alternative splicing in the moss physcomitrella patens.alternative splicing (as) involving tandem acceptors that are separated by three nucleotides (nagnag) is an evolutionarily widespread class of as, which is well studied in homo sapiens (human) and mus musculus (mouse). it has also been shown to be common in the model seed plants arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa (rice). in one of the first studies involving sequence-based prediction of as in plants, we performed a genome-wide identification and characterization of nagnag as in the model plan ...201020426810
amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalitis by novel peptides: involvement of t regulatory cells.the purpose of the present study was to develop a peptide for treatment of multiple sclerosis (ms). we have tested the effect of a novel anti-inflammatory peptide (kghyaervg, termed iiim1) on experimental autoimmune encephalitis (eae), an animal model of ms. our findings demonstrate significant reduction in neurological score following oral administration of iiim1. structural studies revealed that the entire peptide is required for activity. the peptide caused significant reduction in il17, inte ...201020434883
overexpression and purification of pwl2d, a mutant of the effector protein pwl2 from magnaporthe grisea.the rice blast disease caused by the ascomycete magnaporthe grisea continues to cause a tremendous impact in rice (oryza sativa) cultures around the world. elucidating the molecular basis of the fungus interactions with its host might help increase the general understanding of the pathogen-host relationship. at the moment of invasion, the fungus secretes effectors that modify host defenses and cellular processes as they successively invade living rice cells. pwl2, an effector protein, is a known ...201020438845
expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant human transferrin from rice (oryza sativa l.).transferrin is an essential ingredient used in cell culture media due to its crucial role in regulating cellular iron uptake, transport, and utilization. it is also a promising drug carrier used to increase a drug's therapeutic index via the unique transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway. due to the high risk of contamination with blood-borne pathogens from the use of human or animal plasma-derived transferrin, recombinant transferrin is preferred for use as a replacement for native tr ...201020447458
alkylresorcylic acid synthesis by type iii polyketide synthases from rice oryza sativa.alkylresorcinols, produced by various plants, bacteria, and fungi, are bioactive compounds possessing beneficial activities for human health, such as anti-cancer activity. in rice, they accumulate in seedlings, contributing to protection against fungi. alkylresorcylic acids, which are carboxylated forms of alkylresorcinols, are unstable compounds and decarboxylate readily to yield alkylresorcinols. genome mining of the rice oryza sativa identified two type iii polyketide synthases, named aras1 ( ...201020451227
fine mapping and syntenic integration of the semi-dwarfing gene sdw3 of barley.the barley mutant allele sdw3 confers a gibberellin-insensitive, semi-dwarf phenotype with potential for breeding of new semi-dwarfed barley cultivars. towards map-based cloning, sdw3 was delimited by high-resolution genetic mapping to a 0.04 cm interval in a "cold spot" of recombination of the proximal region of the short arm of barley chromosome 2h. extensive synteny between the barley sdw3 locus (hvu_sdw3) and the orthologous regions (osa_sdw3, sbi_sdw3, bsy_sdw3) of three other grass species ...201020464438
ectopic expression of the rice lumazine synthase gene contributes to defense responses in transgenic tobacco.lumazine synthase (ls) catalyzes the penultimate reaction in the multistep riboflavin biosynthesis pathway, which is involved in plant defenses. plant defenses are often subject to synergistic effects of jasmonic acid and ethylene whereas ls is a regulator of jasmonic acid signal transduction. however, little is known about whether the enzyme contributes to defense responses. to study the role of ls in plant pathogen defenses, we generated transgenic tobacco expressing the rice (oryza sativa) ls ...201020465413
large-scale comparative phosphoproteomics identifies conserved phosphorylation sites in plants.knowledge of phosphorylation events and their regulation is crucial to understand the functional biology of plants. here, we report a large-scale phosphoproteome analysis in the model monocot rice (oryza sativa japonica 'nipponbare'), an economically important crop. using unfractionated whole-cell lysates of rice cells, we identified 6,919 phosphopeptides from 3,393 proteins. to investigate the conservation of phosphoproteomes between plant species, we developed a novel phosphorylation-site eval ...201020466843
genome-wide classification and evolutionary analysis of the bhlh family of transcription factors in arabidopsis, poplar, rice, moss, and algae.basic helix-loop-helix proteins (bhlhs) are found throughout the three eukaryotic kingdoms and constitute one of the largest families of transcription factors. a growing number of bhlh proteins have been functionally characterized in plants. however, some of these have not been previously classified. we present here an updated and comprehensive classification of the bhlhs encoded by the whole sequenced genomes of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), populus trichocarpa, oryza sativa, physcomitrel ...201020472752
bioaccumulation of methylmercury versus inorganic mercury in rice (oryza sativa l.) grain.mercury (hg) bioaccumulation in aquatic food webs has been much studied, motivated from high hg levels found in many fish species important for human consumption. hg bioaccumulation in terrestrial food chains have received little attention and assumed to be of minor importance. however, recent studies showed that rice can be an important pathway of methylmercury (mehg) exposure to inhabitants in hg mining areas in china. in this study, 59 sampling sites (including 32 sites from "heavily polluted ...201020476782
uptake, translocation, and remobilization of zinc absorbed at different growth stages by rice genotypes of different zn densities.zinc (zn) is an essential micronutrient for humans, and increasing zn density in rice ( oryza sativa l.) grains is important for improving human nutrition. the characteristics of zn translocation and remobilization were investigated in high zn density genotype ir68144, in comparison with the low zn density genotype ir64. stable isotope tracer (68)zn was supplied at various growth stages, either to the roots in nutrient solution or to the flag leaves to investigate the contribution of (68)zn abso ...201020481473
divinyl chlorophyll(ide) a can be converted to monovinyl chlorophyll(ide) a by a divinyl reductase in rice.3,8-divinyl (proto)chlorophyll(ide) a 8-vinyl reductase (dvr) catalyzes the reduction of 8-vinyl group on the tetrapyrrole to an ethyl group, which is indispensable for monovinyl chlorophyll (chl) synthesis. so far, three 8-vinyl reductase genes (dvr, bcia, and slr1923) have been characterized from arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), chlorobium tepidum, and synechocystis sp. pcc6803. however, no 8-vinyl reductase gene has yet been identified in monocotyledonous plants. in this study, we isolated ...201020484022
arsenic affects mineral nutrients in grains of various indian rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes grown on arsenic-contaminated soils of west bengal.the exposure of paddy fields to arsenic (as) through groundwater irrigation is a serious concern that may not only lead to as accumulation to unacceptable levels but also interfere with mineral nutrients in rice grains. in the present field study, profiling of the mineral nutrients (iron (fe), phosphorous, zinc, and selenium (se)) was done in various rice genotypes with respect to as accumulation. a significant genotypic variation was observed in elemental retention on root fe plaque and their a ...201020490609
involvement of silicon influx transporter osnip2;1 in selenite uptake in rice.rice (oryza sativa) as a staple food, provides a major source of dietary selenium (se) for humans, which essentially requires se, however, the molecular mechanism for se uptake is still poorly understood. herein, we show evidence that the uptake of selenite, a main bioavailable form of se in paddy soils, is mediated by a silicon (si) influx transporter lsi1 (osnip2;1) in rice. defect of osnip2;1 resulted in a significant decrease in the se concentration of the shoots and xylem sap when selenite ...201020498338
molecular evolution of shattering loci in u.s. weedy rice.cultivated rice fields worldwide are plagued with weedy rice, a conspecific weed of cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.). the persistence of weedy rice has been attributed, in part, to its ability to shatter (disperse) seed prior to crop harvesting. in the united states, separately evolved weedy rice groups have been shown to share genomic identity with exotic domesticated cultivars. here, we investigate the shattering phenotype in a collection of u.s. weedy rice accessions, as well as wild and cul ...201020584132
seeing red: the origin of grain pigmentation in us weedy rice.weedy forms of crop species infest agricultural fields worldwide and are a leading cause of crop losses, yet little is known about how these weeds evolve. red rice (oryza sativa), a major weed of cultivated rice fields in the us, is recognized by the dark-pigmented grain that gives it its common name. studies using neutral molecular markers have indicated a close relationship between us red rice and domesticated rice, suggesting that the weed may have originated through reversion of domesticated ...201020584133
ospie1, the rice ortholog of arabidopsis photoperiod-independent early flowering1, is essential for embryo development.the swr1 complex is important for the deposition of histone variant h2a.z into chromatin necessary to robustly regulate gene expression during growth and development. in arabidopsis thaliana, the catalytic subunit of the swr1-like complex, encoded by pie1 (photoperiod-independent early flowering1), has been shown to function in multiple developmental processes including flowering time pathways and petal number regulation. however, the function of the pie1 orthologs in monocots remains unknown.201020585576
production of marker-free transgenic rice expressing tissue-specific bt gene.the hybrid bacillus thuringiensis (bt) δ-endotoxin gene cry1ab/ac was used to develop a transgenic bt rice (oryza sativa l.) targeting lepidopteran insects of rice. here, we show the production of a marker-free and tissue-specific expressing transgenic bt rice line l24 using agrobacterium-mediated transformation and a chemically regulated, cre/loxp-mediated dna recombination system. l24 carries a single copy of marker-free t-dna that contains the cry1ab/ac gene driven by a maize phosphoenolpyruv ...201020593185
effects of ozone on growth, yield and leaf gas exchange rates of four bangladeshi cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.).to assess the effects of tropospheric o3 on rice cultivated in bangladesh, four bangladeshi cultivars (br11, br14, br28 and br29) of rice (oryza sativa l.) were exposed daily to charcoal-filtered air or o3 at 60 and 100 nl l(-1) (10:00-17:00) from 1 july to 28 november 2008. the whole-plant dry mass and grain yield per plant of the four cultivars were significantly reduced by the exposure to o3. the exposure to o3 significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate of the 12th and flag leaves of the f ...201020598788
lowering intercellular melatonin levels by transgenic analysis of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase from rice in tomato plants.melatonin exists in numerous living organisms including vertebrates, insects, fungi, bacteria, and plants. extensive studies have been conducted on the physiological roles of melatonin in various plant species. in plants, melatonin seems to act in antioxidant protection, as a growth promoter, and in photoperiodism. however, the mechanisms by which melatonin carries out these roles remain unclear. we manipulated the endogenous melatonin content in tomato plants by modifying the metabolic enzyme i ...201020609074
rice structural variation: a comparative analysis of structural variation between rice and three of its closest relatives in the genus oryza.rapid progress in comparative genomics among the grasses has revealed similar gene content and order despite exceptional differences in chromosome size and number. large- and small-scale genomic variations are of particular interest, especially among cultivated and wild species, as they encode rapidly evolving features that may be important in adaptation to particular environments. we present a genome-wide study of intermediate-sized structural variation (sv) among rice (oryza sativa) and three ...201020626650
identification and characterization of proteins involved in rice urea and arginine catabolism.rice (oryza sativa) production relies strongly on nitrogen (n) fertilization with urea, but the proteins involved in rice urea metabolism have not yet been characterized. coding sequences for rice arginase, urease, and the urease accessory proteins d (ured), f (uref), and g (ureg) involved in urease activation were identified and cloned. the functionality of urease and the urease accessory proteins was demonstrated by complementing corresponding arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) mutants and by ...201020631318
kinetic basis for the conjugation of auxin by a gh3 family indole-acetic acid-amido synthetase.the gh3 family of acyl-acid-amido synthetases catalyze the atp-dependent formation of amino acid conjugates to modulate levels of active plant hormones, including auxins and jasmonates. initial biochemical studies of various gh3s show that these enzymes group into three families based on sequence relationships and acyl-acid substrate preference (i, jasmonate-conjugating; ii, auxin- and salicylic acid-conjugating; iii, benzoate-conjugating); however, little is known about the kinetic and chemical ...201020639576
hemagglutinating activity of proteins from parkia speciosa seeds.proteins from parkia speciosa hassk. (fabaceae) seeds were extracted and stepwise precipitated using ammonium sulfate. proteins precipitated with 25% ammonium sulfate were separated by affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel followed by protein liquid chromatography on superdex 200. the protein gj, which was identified as a protein similar to putative aristolochene synthase, 3'-partial from oryza sativa l. (poaceae), had hemagglutinating activity of 0.39 mug/mul. moreover, fraction c2 from ...201020645760
combining machine learning and homology-based approaches to accurately predict subcellular localization in arabidopsis.a complete map of the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) proteome is clearly a major goal for the plant research community in terms of determining the function and regulation of each encoded protein. developing genome-wide prediction tools such as for localizing gene products at the subcellular level will substantially advance arabidopsis gene annotation. to this end, we performed a comprehensive study in arabidopsis and created an integrative support vector machine-based localization predictor ...201020647376
cyp93g2 is a flavanone 2-hydroxylase required for c-glycosylflavone biosynthesis in rice.c-glycosylflavones are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom, and many of them have beneficial effects on human health. they are a special group of flavonoid glycosides in which the sugars are c-linked to the flavone skeleton. it has been long presumed that c-glycosylflavones have a different biosynthetic origin from o-glycosylflavonoids. in rice (oryza sativa), a c-glucosyltransferase (oscgt) that accepts 2-hydroxyflavanone substrates and a dehydratase activity that selectively converts c-glucosyl-2- ...201020647377
involvement of tbl/duf231 proteins into cell wall biology.through map-based cloning we determined trichome birefringence (tbr) to belong to a plant-specific, yet anonymous gene family with 46 members in arabidopsis thaliana. these genes all encode the domain of unknown function 231 (duf231). tbr and its homolog trichome birefringence-like3 (tbl3) are transcriptionally coordinated with cellulose synthase (cesa) genes, and loss of tbr or tbl3 results in decreased levels of crystalline secondary wall cellulose in trichomes and stems, respectively. loss of ...201020657172
the tig1 histone deacetylase complex regulates infectious growth in the rice blast fungus magnaporthe oryzae.magnaporthe oryzae is the most damaging fungal pathogen of rice (oryza sativa). in this study, we characterized the tig1 transducin beta-like gene required for infectious growth and its interacting genes that are required for plant infection in this model phytopathogenic fungus. tig1 homologs in yeast and mammalian cells are part of a conserved histone deacetylase (hdac) transcriptional corepressor complex. the tig1 deletion mutant was nonpathogenic and defective in conidiogenesis. it had an inc ...201020675574
germin-like proteins (glps) in cereal genomes: gene clustering and dynamic roles in plant defence.the recent release of the genome sequences of a number of crop and model plant species has made it possible to define the genome organisation and functional characteristics of specific genes and gene families of agronomic importance. for instance, sorghum bicolor, maize (zea mays) and brachypodium distachyon genome sequences along with the model grass species rice (oryza sativa) enable the comparative analysis of genes involved in plant defence. germin-like proteins (glps) are a small, functiona ...201020683632
genetic and comparative genomics mapping reveals that a powdery mildew resistance gene ml3d232 originating from wild emmer co-segregates with an nbs-lrr analog in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).powdery mildew caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide and breeding for resistance using diversified disease resistance genes is the most promising approach to prevent outbreaks of powdery mildew. a powdery mildew resistance gene, originating from wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) accessions collected from israel, has been transferred into the hexaploid wheat line 3d232 through crossing and backcrossing. inoculation res ...201020686747
functional analysis of the structural domain of arf proteins in rice (oryza sativa l.).auxin response factors (arfs) are key regulators of plant growth and development. through interaction with auxin/indole acetic acid (aux/iaa) proteins, they influence the expression of auxin response genes. an arf gene family has been predicted in rice, but the functions of the individual structural domains of the osarfs remain obscure. bioinformatics was used to analyse the position of the dna-binding domain (dbd), middle region (mr), and c-terminal dimerization domain (ctd) of osarfs, and expe ...201020693412
expression, purification and crystallization of a plant type iii polyketide synthase that produces diarylheptanoids.curcuminoid synthase (cus) from oryza sativa is a plant-specific type iii polyketide synthase that catalyzes the one-pot formation of bisdemethoxycurcumin by the condensation of two molecules of 4-coumaroyl-coa and one molecule of malonyl-coa. recombinant cus was expressed in escherichia coli and crystallized by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. the crystals belonged to space group p2(1), with unit-cell parameters a=72.7, b=97.2, c=126.2 a, alpha=gamma=90.0, beta=103.7 degrees. a diffrac ...201020693677
multiple distinct small rnas originate from the same microrna precursors.micrornas (mirnas), which originate from precursor transcripts with stem-loop structures, are essential gene expression regulators in eukaryotes.201020696037
cultivated and weedy rice interactions and the domestication process.examining the targets of selection in crop species and their wild and weedy relatives sheds light on the evolutionary processes underlying differentiation of cultivars from progenitor lineages. on one hand, human-mediated directional selection in crops favours traits associated with the streamlining of controllable and predictable monoculture practices alongside selection for desired trait values. on the other hand, natural selection in wild and especially weedy relatives presumably favours trai ...201020701682
characterization of the molecular mechanism underlying gibberellin perception complex formation in rice.the della protein slender rice1 (slr1) is a repressor of gibberellin (ga) signaling in rice (oryza sativa), and most of the ga-associated responses are induced upon slr1 degradation. it is assumed that interaction between gibberellin insensitive dwarf1 (gid1) and the n-terminal della/tvhynp motif of slr1 triggers f-box protein gid2-mediated slr1 degradation. we identified a semidominant dwarf mutant, slr1-d4, which contains a mutation in the region encoding the c-terminal gras domain of slr1 (sl ...201020716699
generation of marker-free bt transgenic indica rice and evaluation of its yellow stem borer resistance.we report on generation of marker-free (&lsquo;clean dna&rsquo;) transgenic rice (oryza sativa), carrying minimal gene-expression-cassettes of the genes of interest, and evaluation of its resistance to yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas (lepidoptera: pyralidae). the transgenic indica rice harbours a translational fusion of 2 different bacillus thuringiensis (bt) genes, namely cry1b-1aa, driven by the green-tissue-specific phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (pepc) promoter. mature seed-derive ...201020720299
high frequency plant regeneration from mature seed of elite, recalcitrant malaysian indica rice ( oryza sativa l.) cv. mr 219.an efficient in vitro plant regeneration system was established for elite, recalcitrant malaysian indica rice, oryza sativa l. cv. mr 219 using mature seeds as explant on murashige and skoog and chu n6 media containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and kinetin either alone or in different combinations. l-proline, casein hydrolysate and l-glutamine were added to callus induction media for enhancement of embryogenic callus induction. the highest frequency of friable callus induction (84%) was ob ...201020724277
histopathology and the lethal effect of cry proteins and strains of bacillus thuringiensis berliner in spodoptera frugiperda j.e. smith caterpillars (lepidoptera, noctuidae).among the phytophagous insects which attack crops, the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith, 1797) (lepidoptera, noctuidae) is particularly harmful in the initial growth phase of rice plants. as a potential means of controlling this pest, and considering that the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis berliner demonstrates toxicity due to synthesis of the cry protein, the present study was undertaken to evaluate this toxic effect of b. thuringiensis thuringiensis 407 (ph 408) and b. t ...201020730357
transpositional reactivation of the dart transposon family in rice lines derived from introgressive hybridization with zizania latifolia.it is widely recognized that interspecific hybridization may induce "genome shock", and lead to genetic and epigenetic instabilities in the resultant hybrids and/or backcrossed introgressants. a prominent component involved in the genome shock is reactivation of cryptic transposable elements (tes) in the hybrid genome, which is often associated with alteration in the elements' epigenetic modifications like cytosine dna methylation. we have previously reported that introgressants derived from hyb ...201020796287
comparative analysis of pistil transcriptomes reveals conserved and novel genes expressed in dry, wet, and semidry stigmas.fertilization in angiosperms depends on a complex cellular "courtship" between haploid pollen and diploid pistil. these pollen-pistil interactions are regulated by a diversity of molecules, many of which remain to be identified and characterized. thus, it is unclear to what extent these processes are conserved among angiosperms, a fact confounded by limited sampling across taxa. here, we report the analysis of pistil-expressed genes in senecio squalidus (asteraceae), a species from euasterid ii, ...201020813907
production of dehydrogingerdione derivatives in escherichia coli by exploiting a curcuminoid synthase from oryza sativa and a β-oxidation pathway from saccharomyces cerevisiae.gingerol derivatives are bioactive compounds isolated from the rhizome of ginger. they possess various beneficial activities, such as anticancer and hepatoprotective activities, and are therefore attractive targets of bioengineering. however, the microbial production of gingerol derivatives has not yet been established, primarily because the biosynthetic pathway of gingerol is unknown. here, we report the production of several dehydrogingerdione (a gingerol derivative) analogues from a recombina ...201020836122
the molecular recognition mechanism for superoxide dismutase presequence binding to the mitochondrial protein import receptor tom20 from oryza sativa involves an lrtla motif.most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized in the cytosol as precursor and imported into the mitochondria by tom complexes (translocase of outer membrane complexes). knowledge of the binding mechanism between precursor and tom20 in plants is very limited. here, computational methods are employed to improve our understanding of the interactions between both molecules. to this end, we model mitochondrial superoxide dismutase precursor (psod) in complex with tom20 in oryza sativa (ostom20). in a f ...201020936826
association between nonsynonymous mutations of starch synthase iia and starch quality in rice (oryza sativa).starch quality is one of the most important agronomic traits in asian rice, oryza sativa. starch synthase iia (ssiia) is a major candidate gene for starch quality variation. within ssiia, three nonsynonymous mutations in exon 8 have been shown to affect enzyme activity when expressed in escherichia coli. to search for the variation in ssiia that is responsible for starch quality variation in rice, we sequenced the ssiia exon 8 region and measured starch quality as starch disintegration in alkali ...201020946420
production of functional recombinant bovine trypsin in transgenic rice cell suspension cultures.a synthetic bovine trypsinogen (sbtrypsinogen) was synthesized on the basis of rice-optimized codon usage via an overlap pcr strategy, prior to being expressed under the control of the sucrose starvation-inducible rice α-amylase 3d (ramy3d) promoter. secretion of trypsin into the culture medium was achieved by using the existing signal peptide. the plant expression vector was introduced into rice calli (oryza sativa l. cv. dongjin), mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens. the integration of the s ...201020951807
niasgbdb: nias genebank databases for genetic resources and plant disease information.the national institute of agrobiological sciences (nias) is implementing the nias genebank project for conservation and promotion of agrobiological genetic resources to contribute to the development and utilization of agriculture and agricultural products. the project's databases (niasgbdb; http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/databases_en.php) consist of a genetic resource database and a plant diseases database, linked by a web retrieval database. the genetic resources database has plant and microorgani ...201020952407
molecular and functional analyses of rice nhx-type na+/h+ antiporter genes.we previously cloned a vacuolar na+/h+ antiporter gene (osnhx1) from rice (oryza sativa). here we identified four additional nhx-type antiporter genes in rice (osnhx2 through osnhx5) and performed molecular and functional analyses of those genes. the exon-intron structure of the osnhx genes and the phylogenetic tree of the osnhx proteins suggest that the osnhx proteins are categorized into two subgroups (osnhx1 through osnhx4 and osnhx5). osnhx1, osnhx2, osnhx3, and osnhx5 can suppress the na+, ...201020963607
cycloheximide-mediated superinduction of genes involves both native and foreign transcripts in rice (oryza sativa l.).rice seedlings subjected to heat shock show rapid and transient induction of oshsp17.4-ci, oshsp17.9a-ci and osclpb-cyt/hsp100 transcripts. when the seedlings were pre-treated with protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, levels of the above transcripts during heat shock were more elevated than those seen with heat shock alone. heat stress and cycloheximide co-treatment resulted in higher transcript accumulation in comparison to cycloheximide pre-treatment followed by heat stress. in transgeni ...201020980158
in silico analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements in 5' regulatory regions of sucrose transporter gene families in rice (oryza sativa japonica) and arabidopsis thaliana.the regulation of gene expression involves a multifarious regulatory system. each gene contains a unique combination of cis-acting regulatory sequence elements in the 5' regulatory region that determines its temporal and spatial expression. cis-acting regulatory elements are essential transcriptional gene regulatory units; they control many biological processes and stress responses. thus a full understanding of the transcriptional gene regulation system will depend on successful functional analy ...201021036669
subcellular localization of proteins of oryza sativa l. in the model tobacco and tomato plants.the cellular localization and molecular interactions are indicative of functions of a protein. the development of a simple and efficient method for subcellular localization of a protein is indispensable to elucidate gene function in plants. in this study, we assessed the feasibility of agrobacterium-mediated transformation (agroinfiltration) of tobacco and tomato leaf tissue to follow intracellular targeting of proteins from rice fused to green fluorescent protein (gfp). for this, a simple in pl ...201021045556
characterization of a novel rice kinesin o12 with a calponin homology domain.genomic analysis predicted that the rice (oryza sativa var. japonica) genome encodes at least 41 kinesin-like proteins including the novel kinesin o12, which is classified as a kinesin-14 family member. o12 has a calponin homology (ch) domain that is known as an actin-binding domain. in this study, we expressed the functional domains of o12 in escherichia coli and determined its enzymatic characteristics compared with other kinesins. the microtubule-dependent atpase activity of recombinant o12 c ...201021047815
anti-inflammatory effects of peptide fragments of h2a histone and oryza sativa japonica protein.anti-inflammatory drugs are often of limited use due to low efficacy and toxic effects. the present study describes the anti-inflammatory effects of a novel nonapeptide termed iiim1, using the mouse hind paw edema as an experimental model of inflammation. multiple prophylactic injections of iiim1 resulted in a significant reduction in carrageenan-induced foot pad swelling, both in mice and rats. a single prophylactic treatment of the peptide caused the maximal effect at 7-9 days between the init ...201021055433
sphingomonas oryziterrae sp. nov. and sphingomonas jinjuensis sp. nov. isolated from the rhizosphere soil of rice (oryza sativa l.).gram-negative, yellow-orange pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strains, yc6722t and yc6723t, were isolated from rhizosphere soil samples of rice fields in jinju, korea. strains yc6722t and yc6723t grew optimally at 25-30 °c and at ph 7.0-8.5. the phylogenetic analyses of 16s rrna gene sequences showed that strains yc6722t and yc6723t were most closely related to sphingomonas jaspsi tdma-16t and sphingomonas aquatilis jss7t with 96.6 % and 96.9 % similarities in 16s rrna gene sequence, respectiv ...201021057052
manipulating broad-spectrum disease resistance by suppressing pathogen-induced auxin accumulation in rice.breeding crops with the quality of broad-spectrum disease resistance using genetic resources is one of the principal goals of crop improvement. however, the molecular mechanism of broad-spectrum resistance remains largely unknown. here, we show that gh3-2, encoding an indole-3-acetic acid (iaa)-amido synthetase, mediates a broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae and xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzicola and fungal magnaporthe grisea in rice (oryza sativa). iaa, the major fo ...201021071600
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