Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| detection of verotoxigenic escherichia coli o157 and o26 in food by plating methods and lamp method: a collaborative study. | in order to establish a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of verotoxigenic escherichia coli o157 and o26, a collaborative study was conducted focusing on a comparison of the efficiency of loop-mediated amplification (lamp) assay targeting the verocytotoxin (also called shiga toxin) gene, utilizing a direct plating method and a plating method with immunomagnetic separation (ims-plating method) using various agar media. in combination with enrichment with the modified ec supplemented wi ... | 2008 | 18158196 |
| a lysr-type transcriptional regulator in burkholderia cenocepacia influences colony morphology and virulence. | burkholderia cenocepacia strain k56-2 typically has rough colony morphology on agar medium; however, shiny colony variants (shv) can appear spontaneously. these shv all had a minimum of 50% reduction in biomass formation and were generally avirulent in an alfalfa seedling infection model. three shv-k56-2 s15, k56-2 s76, and k56-2 s86-were analyzed for virulence in a chronic agar bead model of respiratory infection and, although all shv were able to establish chronic infection, they produced sign ... | 2008 | 17967860 |
| characterization of a caffeic acid 3-o-methyltransferase from wheat and its function in lignin biosynthesis. | caffeic acid 3-o-methyltransferase (comt) catalyzes the multi-step methylation reactions of hydroxylated monomeric lignin precursors, and is believed to occupy a pivotal position in the lignin biosynthetic pathway. a cdna (tacm) was identified from wheat and it was found to be expressed constitutively in stem, leaf and root tissues. the deduced amino acid sequence of tacm showed a high degree of identity with comt from other plants, particularly in sam binding motif and the residues responsible ... | 2008 | 17976886 |
| effect of live yeast culture supplementation on apparent digestibility and rate of passage in horses fed a high-fiber or high-starch diet. | eight crossbred male horses aged 12 +/- 5 yr and with bw of 305 +/- 18 kg were used in pairs in a 4 x 4 latin square design with 4 ground and pelleted diets. each pair included a cecum and right ventral colon-fistulated animal and a cecal-fistulated animal. the 4 horse diets were a high-fiber diet (hf+0) based on dehydrated alfalfa, a high-starch diet based on barley and wheat bran (hs+0), and the hf or hs diets supplemented with saccharomyces cerevisiae (sc) cbs 493.94 (hf+sc and hs+sc). the pr ... | 2008 | 17911241 |
| plant defensins and virally encoded fungal toxin kp4 inhibit plant root growth. | plant defensins are small, highly stable, cysteine-rich antimicrobial proteins that are thought to constitute an important component of plant defense against fungal pathogens. there are a number of such defensins expressed in various plant tissues with differing antifungal activity and spectrum. relatively little is known about the modes of action and biological roles of these proteins. our previous work on a virally encoded fungal toxin, kp4, from ustilago maydis and subsequently with the plant ... | 2008 | 17849147 |
| laboratory determination of compost physical parameters for modeling of airflow characteristics. | physical parameters of 12 co-compost cover materials were experimentally determined and predicted variations in airflow characteristics were evaluated under varying moisture contents. predicted air-filled porosity showed high correlation with measured air-filled porosity, facilitating development of a reliable model of air-filled porosity that makes it possible to predict the effect of varying moisture content and compost bed height on air-filled porosity and permeability. predicted air-filled p ... | 2008 | 17590325 |
| development of an in planta method for transformation of alfalfa (medicago sativa). | conventional methods in transforming alfalfa (medicago sativa) require multiple tissue culture manipulations that are time-consuming and expensive, while applicable only to a few highly regenerable genotypes. here, we describe a simple in planta method that makes it possible to transform a commercial variety without employing selectable marker genes. basically, young seedlings are cut at the apical node, cold-treated, and vigorously vortexed in an agrobacterium suspension also containing sand. a ... | 2008 | 17851774 |
| isolation and characterization of a cdna encoding a papain-like cysteine protease from alfalfa. | protein hydrolyzation is activated and involved in response to various stress signals. in the present study, a full-length cdna, named mscp1, encoding a papain-like cysteine protease was obtained by degenerated primers and 3'- and 5'-race from salt-tolerant alfalfa. the cdna contained an open reading frame encoding a deduced protein of 350 amino acids with a putative n-terminal signal peptide, npir vacuole-sorting signal sequence and potential n-linked glycosylation sites. the deduced sequence s ... | 2008 | 17896221 |
| the influence of spawn type and strain on yield, size and mushroom solids content of agaricus bisporus produced on non-composted and spent mushroom compost. | two crops of agaricus bisporus (j. lange) imbach were grown on mixtures of non-composted substrate (ncs)/spent mushroom compost (smc) or pasteurized phase ii compost (control). ncs consisted of oak sawdust (28% oven dry wt), millet (29%), rye (8%), peat (8%), ground alfalfa (4%), ground soybean (4%), wheat bran (9%), and caco3 (10%). substrates included 25/75 ncs/smc, 50/50 ncs/smc, and 75/25 ncs/smc, ncs and phase ii compost. spawn types and strains were evaluated for their effects on yield, bi ... | 2008 | 17761414 |
| immunological cell and serum metabolite response of 60-week-old commercial laying hens to an alfalfa meal molt diet. | the practice of induced molting involves the restriction of light, feed removal and optionally water for 5-14 days. however, there is growing concern regarding feed removal and animal welfare issues. with this in mind, alternative diets have been developed to produce similar molting effects as that of feed deprivation. alfalfa, which largely consists of insoluble fiber, can be used as a molting diet. in this study, heterophil and lymphocyte counts, serum chemistry, and organ weight parameters we ... | 2008 | 17336056 |
| ddt uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal alfalfa and depletion in soil as influenced by soil application of a non-ionic surfactant. | a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the colonization of alfalfa roots by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus glomus etunicatum and application of the non-ionic surfactant triton x-100 on ddt uptake by alfalfa and depletion in soil. mycorrhizal colonization led to an increase in the accumulation of ddt in roots but a decrease in shoots. the combination of am inoculation and triton x-100 application enhanced ddt uptake by both the roots and shoots. application of triton x-1 ... | 2008 | 17560700 |
| influence of papermill sludge on growth of medicago sativa, festuca rubra and agropyron trachycaulum in gold mine tailings: a greenhouse study. | a greenhouse study was undertaken to determine the suitability of adding papermill sludge to neutral/alkaline gold mine tailings to improve the establishment of festuca rubra, agropyron trachycaulum and medicago sativa. festuca rubra root and shoot biomass and a. trachycaulum shoot biomass were increased with papermill sludge amendment. the addition of papermill sludge and fertilizer drastically increased the shoot and root biomass of m. sativa (20-30 times) while a. trachycaulum and f. rubra sh ... | 2008 | 17561322 |
| amelioration of alkali soil using flue gas desulfurization byproducts: productivity and environmental quality. | in this study, flue gas desulfurization (fgd) byproducts are used to ameliorate alkali soil. the average application rates for soils with low exchangeable sodium percentage (esp), mid esp, and high esp are 20.9, 30.6, and 59.3 mg ha(-1), respectively. the experimental results obtained for 3 consecutive years reveal that the emergence ratios and yields of the crops were 1.1-7.6 times and 1.1-13.9 times those of the untreated control, respectively. the concentrations of cr, pb, cd, as, and hg in t ... | 2008 | 17412469 |
| meat and fat colour as a tool to trace grass-feeding systems in light lamb production. | ninety-five lambs were fed as follows: lambs and dams grazing alfalfa (gr); as gr but lambs had access to concentrate (gr+s); ewes grazed and lambs received milk and concentrate until weaning and thereafter concentrate and straw (rat-gr); ewes and lambs were stall-fed (ind). lambs were slaughtered at 22-24 kg of live-weight and fat and m. rectus abdominis colour measured. visual appraisal scores of gr and ind were significantly different. the absolute value of the integral of the translated spec ... | 2008 | 22063328 |
| beef lipids in relation to animal breed and nutrition in argentina. | fatty acid (fa) composition of intramuscular fat (imf) in m. longissimus dorsi (ld) was measured in 72 steers from angus (a), charolais×angus (cha×a) and holstein argentine (ha) breeds. the steers were allotted to four dietary treatments of six animals each: t1, steers grazed on pasture; t2, steers supplemented with cracked corn grain (0.7% of live-weight) daily and free access to pasture; t3, steers supplemented with cracked corn grain (1% of live-weight) daily and free access to pasture; and t ... | 2008 | 22062910 |
| animal performance and meat quality in cull cows with early weaned calves in argentina. | early weaning of calves (60 days old) is adopted in cow-calf operations for its high reproductive response. the objective of this research work was to find how age classes are related to beef quality in early weaning cull cows. twenty four cows were grouped in four different age classes (teeth and number of calves produced) from two teeth and no calf produced, up to 12 years and 7 calves produced. all cows grazed a perennial pasture based on alfalfa and fescue. there were differences (p<0.05) in ... | 2008 | 22062912 |
| influence of finishing systems on hydrophilic and lipophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) in beef. | the aim of this research was to: (1) develop a reliable extraction procedure and assay to determine antioxidant activity in meat products, and (2) assess the effect of beef finishing system (forage-finished: alfalfa, pearl millet or mixed pastures vs. concentrate-finished) on longissimus muscle antioxidant activity. the effect of extraction method (ethanol concentration and extraction time), protein removal, and sample preparation method (pulverization or freeze drying) were first evaluated to d ... | 2008 | 22063579 |
| effect of dietary oregano oil supplementation on lamb meat characteristics. | the effect of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on lamb meat characteristics was investigated. eight male and eight female chios lambs were divided into two equal groups. the first group was fed with the control diet consisting of concentrated feed and alfalfa hay, whereas the second group consumed the same diet, the only difference being that the concentrated feed was uniformly sprayed with oregano essential oil (1ml/kg). duration of the experimental period was two months. no differ ... | 2008 | 22062749 |
| effects of feeding forage soybean silage on milk production, nutrient digestion, and ruminal fermentation of lactating dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to determine the feeding value of forage soybean silage (ss) for dairy cows relative to a fourth-cut alfalfa silage (as). forage soybean was harvested at full pod stage. two isonitrogenous diets were formulated with a 48:52 forage:concentrate ratio. soybean silage and as constituted 72% of the forage in each diet, with corn silage constituting the remaining 28%. twenty holsteins cows in early lactation were used in a switchback design. four lactating holsteins cow ... | 2008 | 18096944 |
| expression of a modified mannheimia haemolytica gs60 outer membrane lipoprotein in transgenic alfalfa for the development of an edible vaccine against bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. | the gs60 antigen is one of the protective antigens of mannheimia haemolytica a1. gs60 contains conserved domains belonging to the lppc family of bacterial outer membrane lipoproteins. a high antibody titer to gs60 has been shown to be significantly correlated with resistance to pneumonic pasteurellosis. calves vaccinated with a commercial vaccine (presponse) and demonstrating protection against m. haemolytica a1 produced antibodies directed against gs60. alfalfa was chosen as the platform for an ... | 2008 | 18440084 |
| corn distillers grains with solubles derived from a traditional or partial fractionation process: growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing feedlot heifers. | six hundred ten crossbred-yearling heifers (347 +/- 5 kg of initial bw) were obtained and used in a randomized complete-block design finishing study. finishing diets were based on steam-flaked corn and ground alfalfa hay. the control (cont) treatment contained no distillers grains with solubles (dgs), the second diet was formulated to contained 13% (dm basis) dried corn dgs derived from a traditional dry-grind ethanol process (trad), and the third diet was formulated to contained 13% (dm basis) ... | 2008 | 18441072 |
| poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb) supports survival and reproduction in starving rhizobia. | the carbon that rhizobia in root nodules receive from their host powers both n(2) fixation, which mainly benefits the host, and rhizobium reproduction. rhizobia also store energy in the lipid poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb), which may enhance rhizobium survival when they are carbon limited, either in nodules or in the soil between hosts. there can be a conflict of interest between rhizobia and legumes over the rate of phb accumulation, due to a metabolic tradeoff between n(2) fixation and phb accum ... | 2008 | 18631180 |
| rumen fermentation and degradability in buffalo and cattle using the in vitro gas production technique. | an in vitro trial was conducted to investigate the effect of different inoculum sources (buffalo vs. cattle) on rumen fermentation and degradability. incubations were carried out using rumen fluid obtained from buffalo or cattle fed the same diet [60% grass hay and 40% concentrate; 18 kg dry matter (dm)/day]. the fermentation kinetics of eight feeds commonly used in ruminant nutrition (alfalfa hay, barley meal, beet pulp, corn meal and silage, ryegrass hay and silage and soya bean meal s.e.) wer ... | 2008 | 18477317 |
| presence and potential for horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance in oxidase-positive bacteria populating raw salad vegetables. | to assess whether domestically grown fresh salad vegetables constitute a possible reservoir of antibiotic resistance for canadian consumers, aerobic bacteria capable of forming colonies at 30 degrees c on nutrient-limited media were recovered from a single sampling of romaine lettuce, savoy spinach and alfalfa sprouts, then examined for their susceptibility to ten antibiotics and the carriage of potentially mobile r-plasmids and integrons. of the 140 isolates resistant to one or more antibiotic, ... | 2008 | 18632174 |
| prediction of rabbit caecal fermentation characteristics from faeces by in vitro gas production technique: roughages. | to find equations able to estimate the fermentation characteristics of the caecum from that of faeces, caecal content and faeces of 10 hybrid hyla rabbits were used as inocula for an in vitro gas production trial. about 1 g of 12 roughages, 11 hays (ryegrass, alfalfa, sulla, oat, vetch, sulla-lolium, vetch-oat, sulla-oat, clover, ryegrass-clover, sulla-vetch-oat) and a wheat straw, was weighed, in triplicate per inoculum, in 120-ml flasks; 75 ml of anaerobic medium and 4 ml of reducing solution ... | 2008 | 18477306 |
| root-microbe communication through protein secretion. | biotic interactions in the rhizosphere are biologically important, and although many of those interactions have been well studied, the role of secreted proteins in the cross-talk between microbes and roots has not been investigated. here, protein secretion was studied during the communication between the roots of two plants (medicago sativa and arabidopsis thaliana) and the bacterial symbiont of one of these species (sinorhizobium meliloti strain rm1021) and an opportunistic bacterial pathogen o ... | 2008 | 18635546 |
| role of plants in the vegetative and reproductive growth of saprobic basidiomycetous ground fungi. | non-symbiotic microorganisms engineered or expensively selected to degrade xenobiotic hydrocarbons or modify heavy-metal uptake of plants in soil remediations die back after their introduction into the target soils. mycelia of saprobic basidiomycetes were therefore inoculated into soil samples of 1 l in glass vessels to record mycelial growth and reproduction in the immediate rhizosphere of up to 11 herbaceous plant species, or to study their responses to the separate volatiles from whole plant ... | 2008 | 18506502 |
| impact of beef cattle diets containing corn or sorghum distillers grains on beef color, fatty acid profiles, and sensory attributes. | strip loins from 236 carcasses from crossbred yearling steers were collected on each of 2 slaughter dates (slaughter 1 or 2) to determine the effects of feeding corn or sorghum distillers grains (dg) on beef color, fatty acid profiles, lipid oxidation, tenderness, and sensory attributes. dietary treatments consisted of a steam-flaked corn (sfc) diet without (control) or with 15% (dm basis) corn dry or wet dg (cddg and cwdg) or sorghum dry or wet dg (sddg and swdg) and alfalfa hay (r). additional ... | 2008 | 18192556 |
| virulence determinants from a cystic fibrosis isolate of pseudomonas aeruginosa include isocitrate lyase. | chronic lung infections caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. adaptation of p. aeruginosa to the cf lung results in the loss of acute virulence determinants and appears to activate chronic virulence strategies in this pathogen. in order to identify such strategies, a random transposon mutagenesis was performed and 18 genes that were required for optimal infection of alfalfa seedlings by frd1, a cf isolate of p. aerugi ... | 2008 | 18524916 |
| plant response to heavy metal toxicity: comparative study between the hyperaccumulator thlaspi caerulescens (ecotype ganges) and nonaccumulator plants: lettuce, radish, and alfalfa. | thlaspi caerulescens (alpine pennycress) is one of the best-known heavy metal (hm) hyperaccumulating plant species. it exhibits the ability to extract and accumulate various hm at extremely high concentrations. in this hydroponic study, the performance of t. caerulescens (ecotype ganges) to accumulate cd, zn, and cu was compared with that of three nonaccumulator plants: alfalfa (medicago sativa), radish (raphanus sativus), and lettuce (lactuca sativa). plants were exposed to the separately disso ... | 2008 | 18528911 |
| [effects of cutting on the population dynamics of main insect pests on alfalfa]. | a systematic investigation was made on the effects of cutting on the population dynamics of main insect pests on alfalfa in dingxi of gansu province. the results showed that the effects of cutting varied significantly with the kinds of insect pests. the seasonal average population densities of therioaphis trifolii, acyrthosiphon pisum and thrips decreased significantly and maintained at a low level under the first cutting in early june, but less variation was observed under the second cutting in ... | 2008 | 18533546 |
| the outer membrane protein tolc from sinorhizobium meliloti affects protein secretion, polysaccharide biosynthesis, antimicrobial resistance, and symbiosis. | sinorhizobium meliloti is capable of establishing a symbiotic nitrogen fixation relationship with medicago sativa. during this process, it must cope with diverse environments and has evolved different types of transport systems that help its propagation in the plant roots. tolc protein family members are the outer-membrane components of several transport systems involved in the export of diverse molecules, playing an important role in bacterial survival. in this work, we have characterized the p ... | 2008 | 18533835 |
| mutational analysis of the sinorhizobium meliloti short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family reveals substantial contribution to symbiosis and catabolic diversity. | the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (sdr) family is one of the largest and most ubiquitous protein families in bacterial genomes. despite there being a few well-characterized examples, the substrate specificities or functions of most members of the family are unknown. in this study, we carried out a large-scale mutagenesis of the sdr gene family in the alfalfa root nodule symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti. subsequent phenotypic analysis revealed phenotypes for mutants of 21 of the sdr-encoding ... | 2008 | 18533838 |
| milk fatty acid composition of grazing dairy cows when supplemented with linseed oil. | the effects of varying amounts of linseed oil (lso) in grazing dairy cows' diet on milk conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11 cla) were investigated in this study. twelve holstein cows in midlactation (150 +/- 19 dim) were placed on alfalfa-based pasture and assigned to 4 treatments using a 4 x 4 latin square design with 3-wk periods. treatments were: 1) control grain supplement; 2) control grain supplement containing 170 g of lso (lso1); 3) control grain supplement containing 340 g of lso ( ... | 2008 | 18218760 |
| olfactory conditioning in mate searching by the parasitoid aphidius ervi (hymenoptera: braconidae). | despite the fact that insect learning capacity has been broadly demonstrated, the role that this process plays during mate searching has been scarcely explored. we studied whether the sexual behaviour of a male parasitic wasp can be conditioned to the odours from two alternative host plant complexes (hpcs) present during its first copulation. the experimental subjects were newly emerged males of the aphid parasitoid, aphidius ervi, and two alternative hpcs (alfalfa or wheat). in the training pro ... | 2008 | 18294417 |
| transcriptome of aphanomyces euteiches: new oomycete putative pathogenicity factors and metabolic pathways. | aphanomyces euteiches is an oomycete pathogen that causes seedling blight and root rot of legumes, such as alfalfa and pea. the genus aphanomyces is phylogenically distinct from well-studied oomycetes such as phytophthora sp., and contains species pathogenic on plants and aquatic animals. to provide the first foray into gene diversity of a. euteiches, two cdna libraries were constructed using mrna extracted from mycelium grown in an artificial liquid medium or in contact to plant roots. a unigen ... | 2008 | 18320043 |
| effect of a preparation containing lactic fermentation bacteria on the hygienic status and aerobic stability of silages. | the objective of this study was to determine the influence of biological silage additive (bonsilage) on the hygiene quality and nutritive value of maize and grass-legume silages. the experiments were conducted on fao 240 maize (zea mays l.) and a mixture of italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum l.), 50% with alfalfa (medicago media pers.), 50%. group 1 was a control and comprised silage without any additives, group 2 was ensiled with the addition of 4 cm3 kg(-1) biological silage additive. after ... | 2008 | 18540206 |
| chelation of molybdenum in medicago sativa (alfalfa) grown on reclaimed mine tailings. | extraction and analytical procedures were developed from 1999 to 2005 for the chemical investigation of molybdenum (mo) in aerial portions of alfalfa ( medicago sativa l.) grown on a reclaimed mine tailings site at the highland valley copper mine in british columbia, canada. the purification procedures were guided by colorimetric analyses specific for mo. the mo levels in freeze-dried plant samples exceeded 100 ppm, which is more than 20 times the maximum level recommended for livestock feed. in ... | 2008 | 18543934 |
| basal expression of nucleoside transporter mrna differs among small intestinal epithelia of beef steers and is differentially altered by ruminal or abomasal infusion of starch hydrolysate. | in ruminants, microbial-derived nucleic acids are a major source of n and are absorbed as nucleosides by small intestinal epithelia. although the biochemical activities of 2 nucleoside transport systems have been described for cattle, little is known regarding the regulation of their gene expression. this study was conducted to test 2 hypotheses: (1) the small intestinal epithelia of beef cattle differentially express mrna for 3 concentrative (cnt1, 2, 3) and 2 equilibrative (ent1, 2) nucleoside ... | 2008 | 18349250 |
| the gntr-type regulators gtra and gtrb affect cell growth and nodulation of sinorhizobium meliloti. | gntr-type transcriptional regulators are involved in the regulation of various biological processes in bacteria, but little is known about their functions in sinorhizobium meliloti. here, we identified two gntr-type transcriptional regulator genes, gtra and gtrb, from s. meliloti strain 1021. both the gtra1 mutant and the gtrb1 mutant had lower growth rates and maximal cell yields on rich and minimal media, as well as lower cell motility on swimming plates, than did the wild-type strain. both mu ... | 2008 | 18545962 |
| diet and abdominal autofluorescence detected by in vivo fluorescence imaging of living mice. | we investigated the effect of diet on abdominal autofluorescence detected by in vivo fluorescence imaging (fli) of living mice. groups of mice were fed a regular, alfalfa-free, or purified diet, and whole-body fli was performed without the administration of fluorescent probes. in addition, quantum dots were injected intravenously into mice fed one of the three diets, and fli was performed 3 and 24 hours later. intense autofluorescence originating from the animals' intestinal contents was observe ... | 2008 | 18384720 |
| transfer of anthracnose resistance and pod coiling traits from medicago arborea to m. sativa by sexual reproduction. | five asymmetric hybrid plants were obtained between medicago sativa (2n = 4x = 32) and medicago arborea (2n = 4x = 32) through sexual reproduction and the use of a cytoplasmically male sterile m. sativa genotype. over 2,000 pollinations were made to obtain these hybrids. amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis showed that in the most studied hybrid (wa2273), 4% of the bands unique to the m. arborea parent were present, versus 72% for the unique m. sativa bands. this suggests that ... | 2008 | 18392799 |
| the promiscuous evolutionary history of the family bromoviridae. | recombination and segment reassortment are important contributors to the standing genetic variation of rna viruses and are often involved in the genesis of new, emerging viruses. this study explored the role played by these two processes in the evolutionary radiation of the plant virus family bromoviridae. the evolutionary history of this family has been explored previously using standard molecular phylogenetic methods, but incongruences have been found among the trees inferred from different ge ... | 2008 | 18559945 |
| the rhizobial adhesion protein rapa1 is involved in adsorption of rhizobia to plant roots but not in nodulation. | the effect of the rhizobium adhesion protein rapa1 on rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii adsorption to trifolium pratense (red clover) roots was investigated. we altered rapa1 production by cloning its encoding gene under the plac promoter into the stable vector phc60. after introducing this plasmid in r. leguminosarum bv. trifolii, three to four times more rapa1 was produced, and two to five times higher adsorption to red clover roots was obtained, as compared with results for the empty vecto ... | 2008 | 18393991 |
| forage systems for cow-calf production in the appalachian region. | small cow-calf operations are common in the appalachian region. tall fescue [lolium arundinaceum (schreb.) s. j. darbyshire] is the dominant forage in these systems for direct grazing as well as for stockpiling. the present study was conducted from 2001 to 2005. a total of 108 angus and angus crossbred cows were allotted randomly to 6 forage systems and then to 3 replicates within each system. in brief, system 1 had a stocking rate of 0.91 ha/cow in a middleburg 3-paddock (a, b, and c) system. s ... | 2008 | 18407993 |
| effects of the chop lengths of alfalfa silage and oat silage on feed intake, milk production, feeding behavior, and rumen fermentation of dairy cows. | effects of chop length (shorter: 6 mm, or longer: 19 mm) of alfalfa silage and oat silage were determined in 16 mid-lactation holstein cows, 4 of which were rumen cannulated, using a replicated 4 x 4 latin square design with a 2 x 2 arrangement of treatments. experimental periods were 21 d long and consisted of 14 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. cows received a total mixed ration containing [dry matter (dm) basis] 42.0% barley grain-based energy supplement, 10% protein supplement, and 24% o ... | 2008 | 18420626 |
| short communication: salivary secretion during meals in lactating dairy cattle. | four multiparous holstein cows in midlactation were used in a 4 x 4 latin square to evaluate whether source of forage influenced salivary secretion during eating in lactating dairy cows. the forages were allocated separately from the pelleted concentrates. cows were offered 1 of 4 forages each period: barley silage, alfalfa silage, long-stemmed alfalfa hay, or chopped barley straw. saliva secretion was measured during the morning meal by collecting masticates through the rumen cannula at the car ... | 2008 | 18420637 |
| comparing relative feed value with degradation parameters of grass and legume forages. | relative feed value (rfv) was evaluated relative to in situ degradation parameters of grass and legume forages. early-cut alfalfa (n = 20), late-cut alfalfa (n = 26), cool-season grass (n = 11), warm-season grass (n = 4), and grass-legume (n = 20) samples were collected from duplicate hay bales submitted to the 2002 and 2003 missouri state fair hay contests. subsamples were incubated in the rumen of 2 lactating holstein cows for 0, 6 or 8, 12, 24, and 48 h to determine in situ degradation of dm, ... | 2008 | 18441075 |
| rhizobium multihospitium sp. nov., isolated from multiple legume species native of xinjiang, china. | thirty-one rhizobial strains isolated from nodules of legumes native of xinjiang, china, were characterized. these strains were classified as belonging to the genus rhizobium based on amplified 16s rdna restriction analysis (ardra). the strains were distinguished from recognized rhizobium species using analysis of 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacers (igs-rflp), sds-page analysis of whole proteins and box-pcr; the test strains always formed a distinct cluster with patterns that were quite different f ... | 2008 | 18599718 |
| accumulation of overproduced ferritin in the chloroplast provides protection against photoinhibition induced by low temperature in tobacco plants. | wild-type tobacco plants (nicotiana tabacum l. cv. petit havanna line sr1) and plants transformed with full-length alfalfa ferritin cdna with the chloroplast transit peptide under the control of a rubisco small subunit gene promoter (c3 and c8) were cold-treated at 0 degrees c with continuous light (250 micromol m(-2)s(-1)). these transgenic plants had higher chlorophyll content and higher f(v)/f(m) chlorophyll-a fluorescence induction parameters than wild-type plants after 2 or 3d of cold treat ... | 2008 | 18602722 |
| effect of feeding corn, hull-less or hulled barley on fermentation by mixed cultures of ruminal microorganisms. | increased demands for corn grain warrant the evaluation of alternative grain types for ruminant production systems. this study was conducted to determine the effects of hulled and hull-less barley (hordeum vulgare l.) cultivars compared with corn (zea mays l.) as an alternative grain type on fermentation in cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms. three continuous fermentors were fed 14 g of dry feed per day (divided equally between 2 feedings) consisting of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) hay pel ... | 2008 | 18420625 |
| behavior of laying hens on alfalfa crumble molt diets. | several dietary alternatives to feed withdrawal have been proposed to induce a molt in laying hens. this study compared the behavior of laying hens on an alfalfa crumble diet (alc) to hens that were either on a conventional layer diet (ff) or hens that had feed withdrawn (fw) during a 9-d trial. each treatment consisted of 24 hens (3 hens per battery cage), and treatment began after a 2-week acclimation period. video cameras connected to a digital multiplexer recorded the behavior of the hens. t ... | 2008 | 18420970 |
| inhibition of bacillus cereus and bacillus weihenstephanensis in raw vegetables by application of washing solutions containing enterocin as-48 alone and in combination with other antimicrobials. | enterocin as-48 is a broad-spectrum cyclic antimicrobial peptide produced by enterococcus faecalis. in the present study, the bacteriocin was tested alone and in combination with other antimicrobials for decontamination of bacillus inoculated on alfalfa, soybean sprouts and green asparagus. washing with enterocin as-48 solutions reduced viable cell counts of bacillus cereus and bacillus weihenstephanensis by 1.0-1.5 and by 1.5-2.38 log units right after application of treatment, respectively. in ... | 2008 | 18620967 |
| ntp multigenerational reproductive study of genistein (cas no. 446-72-0) in sprague-dawley rats (feed study). | genistein is a naturally occurring isoflavone that interacts with estrogen receptors and multiple other molecular targets. human exposure to genistein is predominantly through consumption of soy products, including soy-based infant formula and dietary supplements. consumption of soy and genistein has been associated with a variety of beneficial effects in animals and humans, but concerns have also been raised concerning potential adverse effects of genistein, particularly with regard to reproduc ... | 2008 | 18685713 |
| characterization of brucella abortus sigma factor sigma54 (rpon): genetic complementation of sinorhizobium meliloti ntra mutant. | the intracellular pathogen brucella abortus has an alternative sigma factor sigma54 (rpon) highly similar to sinorhizobium meliloti ntra. rpon was described to be required for the transcription of a wide range of genes involved in diverse physiological functions including the regulation of virulence-related factors in both plants and animal pathogens. b. abortus rpon gene restored the normal growth of an s. meliloti ntra mutant in minimal media with succinic acid as a sole carbon source as well ... | 2008 | 18926896 |
| factors influencing the growth of salmonella during sprouting of naturally contaminated alfalfa seeds. | in this study, the factors that affect salmonella growth during sprouting of naturally contaminated alfalfa seeds associated with two previous outbreaks of salmonellosis were examined. a minidrum sprouter equipped with automatic irrigation and rotation systems was built to allow sprouting to be conducted under conditions similar to those used commercially. the growth of salmonella during sprouting in the minidrum was compared with that observed in sprouts grown in glass jars under conditions com ... | 2008 | 18522019 |
| influence of pasture on fatty acid profile of goat milk. | the effect of pasture on the fatty acid profile of milk was evaluated using 30 pluriparous goats, which were divided into two homogeneous groups (h and p) of 15 goats each after kidding. group h (control) goats were housed in a stall and received alfalfa hay, while group p was led to pasture. the goats of both the groups received the same concentrate. average milk yield did not differ statistically between the groups. the goats of the p group had significantly higher fat content in milk than tho ... | 2008 | 18477324 |
| hot topic: application of support vector machine method in prediction of alfalfa protein fractions by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. | the object of this study was to explore the potential for support vector machine (svm) to improve the precision of predicting protein fractions by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (nirs). generally, most protein fractions determined in cornell net carbohydrate and protein system (cncps), especially the neutral detergent insoluble protein (ndfcp) and acid detergent insoluble protein (adfcp), could not be accurately predicted by the commonly used partial least squares (pls) method. a recentl ... | 2008 | 18487658 |
| diversity of sinorhizobium strains nodulating medicago sativa from different iranian regions. | alfalfa is believed to have originated in north-western iran and has a long history of coexistence with its bacterial symbiont sinorhizobium in soils of iran. however, little is known about the diversity of sinorhizobium strains nodulating iranian alfalfa genotypes. in this study, sinorhizobium populations were sampled from eight different iranian sites using three cultivars of medicago sativa as trap host plants. a total of 982 rhizobial strains were isolated and species were identified showing ... | 2008 | 18783438 |
| plasma amino acid profile and expression of the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pathway in lambs with induced metabolic acidosis. | metabolic acidosis is a condition often induced by ruminal acidosis. identification of the specific proteolytic pathways affected by metabolic acidosis and characterization of aa concentration changes induced by metabolic acidosis in ruminants has yet to be confirmed. the objective of this study was to examine the effect of nutritionally induced metabolic acidosis on lamb plasma aa and tissue variables, including mrna and protein expression of components of the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pat ... | 2008 | 18539839 |
| nutrient net absorption across the portal-drained viscera of forage-fed beef steers: quantitative assessment and application to a nutritional prediction model. | this study aimed to establish the relationship between me intake and energy and nutrient absorption across the portal-drained viscera (pdv) of forage-fed beef steers. eight angus (328 +/- 40 kg of bw) steers were surgically fitted with portal, mesenteric arterial, and mesenteric venous catheters, and were fed alfalfa cubes in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square design with 4 levels of energy intake between 1 and 2 times maintenance energy requirements. on d 28 of each experimental period, p-aminohip ... | 2008 | 18502889 |
| effects of chromium picolinate on micronucleus frequency and morphology of lymphocytes in calves. | we report the effects of chromium picolinate (crpic) on micronucleus frequency, morphology of lymphocytes, and lipid peroxidation in calves. twenty-four holstein calves were selected for the study. they were kept in a farm and were fed a commercially available calf diet and alfalfa, ad libitum. the animals were divided into three groups of eight subjects each and were treated as follows: the first group was supplemented with a daily dose of 200 microg cr as chromium picolinate; a second group re ... | 2008 | 18545946 |
| influence of slice baling on feeding value of alfalfa hay in receiving and finishing diets for feedlot cattle. | three studies were conducted to evaluate the feeding value of slice alfalfa hay in feedlot diets. in exp. 1, 108 steer calves (183.1 +/- 1.2 kg initial bw; 6 pens/treatment) were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effect of baling method on performance and morbidity of newly received calves. the study lasted 28 d. treatments consisted of a 65% concentrate receiving diet containing 1) ground or 2) slice alfalfa hay. steer calves were fed daily at 0800 h. animals also received ... | 2008 | 18539841 |
| regulation and characterization of thermobifida fusca carbohydrate-binding module proteins e7 and e8. | e7, a single domain family 33 cellulose binding module (cbm) protein, and e8, a non-catalytic, three-domain protein consisting of a family 33 cbm, a fniii domain, followed by a family 2 cbm, were cloned, expressed, purified, and characterized. western blots showed that e7 and e8 were induced and secreted when thermobifida fusca was grown on cellobiose, solka floc, switchgrass, or alfalfa as well as on beta-1,3 linked glucose molecules such as laminaribiose or pachyman. e8 bound well to alpha- an ... | 2008 | 18553392 |
| interference of condensed tannin in lignin analyses of dry bean and forage crops. | legumes with high concentrations of condensed tannin (pinto bean [phaseolus vulgaris l.], sainfoin [onobrychis viciifolia scop.], and big trefoil [lotus uliginosus hoff.]), were compared to a selection of forages, with low or zero condensed tannin (smooth bromegrass [ bromus inermis leyss], lotus japonicus [regel] k. larsen, and alfalfa [medicago sativa l.]), using four methods to estimate fiber or lignin. protocols were validated by using semipurified condensed tannin polymers in adulteration a ... | 2008 | 18841900 |
| perchlorate in the feed-dairy continuum of the southwestern united states. | perchlorate has the potential to cause thyroid dysfunction by inhibiting iodide uptake by the sodium iodide symporter. perchlorate-contaminated waters may lead to human exposure through drinking water and food chain transfer in crops by way of irrigation water. perchlorate has been found in dairy milk collected nationally and internationally. this study was conducted to evaluate perchlorate in the feed-dairy continuum in the southwestern united states. all feed products collected at dairies in t ... | 2008 | 18553887 |
| behavioral responses of laying hens to different alfalfa-layer ration combinations fed during molting. | induced molting by feed withdrawal has been a common practice in the commercial layer industry and usually involves the removal of feed for a period of up to 14 d. however, this is a practice that is believed to adversely influence the welfare of the hens and there is a need to examine behavioral responses to alternative molt regimens. the behavioral patterns of hens on 90% alfalfa:10% layer ration, 80% alfalfa:20% layer ration, and 70% alfalfa:30% layer ration molt diets were compared with feed ... | 2008 | 18492986 |
| auxotrophy accounts for nodulation defect of most sinorhizobium meliloti mutants in the branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis pathway. | some sinorhizobium meliloti mutants in genes involved in isoleucine, valine, and leucine biosynthesis were previously described as being unable to induce nodule formation on host plants. here, we present a reappraisal of the interconnection between the branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis pathway and the nodulation process in s. meliloti. we characterized the symbiotic phenotype of seven mutants that are auxotrophic for isoleucine, valine, or leucine in two closely related s. meliloti strains, ... | 2008 | 18700827 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti mutants deficient in phosphatidylserine decarboxylase accumulate phosphatidylserine and are strongly affected during symbiosis with alfalfa. | sinorhizobium meliloti contains phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) as major membrane lipids. pe is formed in two steps. in the first step, phosphatidylserine synthase (pss) condenses serine with cdp-diglyceride to form phosphatidylserine (ps), and in the second step, ps is decarboxylated by phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (psd) to form pe. in this study we identified the sinorhizobial psd gene coding for psd. a sinorhizobial mutant deficien ... | 2008 | 18708506 |
| alfalfa benefits from medicago truncatula: the rct1 gene from m. truncatula confers broad-spectrum resistance to anthracnose in alfalfa. | alfalfa is economically the most important forage legume worldwide. a recurrent challenge to alfalfa production is the significant yield loss caused by disease. although knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying host resistance should facilitate the genetic improvement of alfalfa, the acquisition of such knowledge is hampered by alfalfa's tetrasomic inheritance and outcrossing nature. however, alfalfa is congeneric with the reference legume medicago truncatula, providing an opportunity to use ... | 2008 | 18719113 |
| comparison of the stress response of listeria monocytogenes strains with sprout colonization. | twenty-nine strains of the foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes were tested for their ability to colonize alfalfa, radish, and broccoli sprouts and their capacity to withstand acid and oxidative stress, two stresses common to the sprouting environment. wide variation in the ability of different strains to colonize alfalfa sprouts were confirmed, but the variations among radish and broccoli sprouts were not as large. with a few exceptions, strains that were poor colonizers of alfalfa tended ... | 2008 | 18724748 |
| feeding soybean oil to dairy goats increases conjugated linoleic acid in milk. | a total of 24 murciano-granadina dairy goats milked once daily throughout lactation were used to study the effects of including soybean oil (sbo) in the diet on lactational performance and milk fatty acid (fa) content, particularly conjugated linoleic acid (cla) and trans-vaccenic acid (trans-11 c18:1, tva). three weeks after parturition, goats were allocated to 2 balanced groups according to lactation number, body weight, and daily milk yield, and were kept in separate pens. the experiment cons ... | 2008 | 18487662 |
| the effects of alfalfa-based molt diets on skeletal integrity of white leghorns. | sixty white leghorn hens were assigned to 1 of 6 treatments: pretrial control (pc), full fed (ff), 9-d feed withdrawal (fw), 90% alfalfa-10% layer ration (a90), 80% alfalfa-20% layer ration (a80), and 70% alfalfa/30% layer ration (a70). for the pc, hens were killed and bones collected immediately before light restriction. the ff hens were also subjected to light restriction. after hens were fasted or fed different molting treatment diets for 9 d, they were fed a maintenance diet for 14 d. at 23 ... | 2008 | 18931166 |
| lack of trehalose catabolism in sinorhizobium species increases their nodulation competitiveness on certain host genotypes. | the role of host and bacterial genotypes in determining the competitiveness of trehalose utilization mutants of sinorhizobium meliloti and sinorhizobium medicae was investigated here. trehalose utilization mutants of s. meliloti and s. medicae were obtained by mutagenesis of their trehalose utilization gene thub. the mutant strains and the wild type were coinoculated on three cultivars of alfalfa (medicago sativa) and two cultivars of medicago truncatula and assessed for competitiveness in root ... | 2008 | 19086182 |
| utilization of kura clover-reed canarygrass silage versus alfalfa silage by lactating dairy cows. | the mixture of kura clover (trifolium ambiguum m. bieb.) and reed canarygrass (phalaris arundinacea l.) has proven to be extremely persistent in the northern united states, but information about dairy cow performance on this mixture is lacking. twenty lactating holstein cows were used in a crossover design to compare dry matter (dm) intake and milk production from diets containing kura clover-reed canarygrass silage (krs) or alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) silage (as). forages were cut, wilted, ens ... | 2008 | 18650290 |
| peanut cross-reacting allergens in seeds and sprouts of a range of legumes. | recently, peanut-allergic patients have reported symptoms upon ingestion of bean sprouts produced from various legumes. | 2008 | 19016804 |
| a mutant glnd nitrogen sensor protein leads to a nitrogen-fixing but ineffective sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis with alfalfa. | the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between rhizobia and legume plants is a model of coevolved nutritional complementation. the plants reduce atmospheric co(2) by photosynthesis and provide carbon compounds to symbiotically associated bacteria; the rhizobia use these compounds to reduce (fix) atmospheric n(2) to ammonia, a form of nitrogen the plants can use. a key feature of symbiotic n(2) fixation is that n(2) fixation is uncoupled from bacterial nitrogen stress metabolism so that the rhizobia gener ... | 2008 | 19020095 |
| alfalfa cut at sundown and harvested as baleage improves milk yield of late-lactation dairy cows. | alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) cut at sundown has been shown to contain greater concentration of total nonstructural carbohydrates (tnc) than that cut at sunup. fourteen multiparous (8 ruminally cannulated) and 2 primiparous lactating dairy cows were randomly assigned to 2 treatments in a crossover design (2 periods of 24 d) to investigate the effects of alfalfa daytime cutting management on ruminal metabolism, nutrient digestibility, n balance, and milk yield. half of each alfalfa field (total of ... | 2008 | 18832221 |
| effects of gamma irradiation on ruminal dm and ndf degradation kinetics of alfalfa hay. | the effects of gamma irradiation on ruminal dry matter, neutral detergent fiber (ndf) degradation of alfalfa hay were investigated. alfalfa hay samples were irradiated by gamma irradiator at doses of 50, 100 and 150 kgy under identical conditions of temperature and humidity. nylon bags of untreated or irradiated samples were suspended in the rumen of three taleshi bulls for up to 96 h and resulting data were fitted to non-linear degradation model to calculate degradation parameters. results indi ... | 2008 | 18819559 |
| the relative merit of ruminal undegradable protein from soybean meal or soluble fiber from beet pulp to improve nitrogen utilization in dairy cows. | early lactating dairy cows were used to determine whether the replacement of solvent-extracted soybean meal [ssbm; a source of rumen-degradable protein (rdp)] with expeller soybean meal (esbm; a source of rumen-undegradable protein), or the replacement of high-moisture shelled corn (hmsc) with beet pulp (a source of soluble fiber) would be effective in improving efficiency of n usage for milk production. the study was designed as a replicated 4 x 4 latin square with 21-d periods. eight multiparo ... | 2008 | 18832219 |
| short communication: the effects of histidine-supplemented drinking water on the performance of lactating dairy cows. | an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that a sufficient proportion of histidine (his) included in the drinking water of lactating cows bypasses the rumen to have an effect on milk synthesis. eight dairy cows (45 +/- 15 d in milk) were given either 0 or 2.5 g/l of his in the drinking water in a crossover design of two 7-d periods. cows were offered a corn and alfalfa silage-based total mixed ration for ad libitum intake. water was provided ad libitum to each cow in an individual auto ... | 2008 | 18832224 |
| multiple-species natural enemy approach for biological control of alfalfa snout beetle (coleoptera: curculionidae) using entomopathogenic nematodes. | multiple-species natural enemy approach for the biological control of the alfalfa snout beetle, otiorhynchus ligustici (l.) (coleoptera: curculionidae), was compared with using single-species of natural enemies in the alfalfa ecosystem by using entomopathogenic nematodes with different dispersal and foraging behaviors. steinernema carpocapsae ny001 (ambush nematode), heterorhabditis bacteriophora oswego (cruiser nematode), and steinernema feltiae valko (intermediate nematode) were applied in sin ... | 2008 | 18950034 |
| effects of alfalfa on lipoproteins and fatty streak formation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. | alfalfa (medicago sativa) is a leguminous plant with high contents of phytoestrogen and saponin which are both useful in preventing cardiovascular disorders. this study was designed to evaluate the preventive effect of dietary alfalfa on the development and the progression of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic rabbits. twenty male rabbits were obtained and kept under standard conditions. after 2 weeks of accommodation to the new place, the animals were semi-randomly distributed into four groups o ... | 2008 | 18930871 |
| nutrient demand interacts with forage family to affect intake and digestion responses in dairy cows. | the effect of feed intake in the preliminary period on responses to diets containing alfalfa silage or orchardgrass silage was evaluated using 8 ruminally and duodenally cannulated holstein cows in a crossover design experiment with a 14-d preliminary period and two 15-d treatment periods. responses measured were dmi, rates of fiber digestion and passage, and milk production. cows were 139 +/- 83 (mean +/- sd) d in milk at the beginning of the preliminary period. during the preliminary period, 3 ... | 2008 | 18565928 |
| influence of carbohydrate source on ruminal fermentation characteristics, performance, and microbial protein synthesis in dairy cows. | eight multiparous holstein cows (676 +/- 57 kg of body weight; 121 +/- 17 d-in-milk) were used in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square design to determine the effects of 4 sources of carbohydrate on milk yield and composition, ruminal fermentation, and microbial n flow to the duodenum. four cows in one of the latin squares were fitted with permanent ruminal cannulae. diets contained (dm basis) 50% forage in combinations of alfalfa hay and barley silage, and 50% concentrate. the concentrate portion of ... | 2008 | 18565931 |
| comparative behavior of ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 in diverse plant species. | ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt in numerous plant species worldwide. although biovar 2 mostly affects solanaceous crops, identification of new hosts remains a matter of concern since there is still no clear-cut distinction between host and nonhost plants. in this work we provide data based on histological studies on the status of 20 plant species, most of them of potential interest in crop rotation. plants were watered with a beta-glucuronidase-expressing derivative of r. solanacear ... | 2008 | 18943239 |
| effects of non-feed removal molting methods on egg quality traits in commercial brown egg laying hens in turkey. | non-feed removal molting programme in commercial brown laying hens and its influence on pre-molting, post-molting and end of cycle egg quality traits were investigated. overall 54 birds were randomly divided into three treatment groups and each group was fed with one of the following diets during 10 days of molting period: (i) grain barley, (ii) alfalfa meal, or (iii) commercial layer ration (non-molted control group). eggs obtained from groups in pre-molting, post-molting and end of cycle perio ... | 2008 | 18575968 |
| in vivo influence of cyanobacterial toxins on enzyme activity and gene expression of protein phosphatases in alfalfa (medicago sativa). | irrigation of crop plants with surface water can be a threat if cyanobacterial toxins are present in the water. cyanotoxins are known to cause adverse effects in plants. microcystin (mc), a cyclic heptapeptide, with more than 70 structural variants, is a frequently occurring toxin. mc is a specific inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatases 1 and 2a (pp1 and 2a), important regulatory enzymes in eukaryotic cells. protein phosphatases consist of a catalytic subunit and one or more regulato ... | 2008 | 18620722 |
| the influence of a fructooligosaccharide prebiotic combined with alfalfa molt diets on the gastrointestinal tract fermentation, salmonella enteritidis infection, and intestinal shedding in laying hens. | molting is a natural process, which birds undergo to rejuvenate their reproductive organs. the us poultry egg production industry has used feed withdrawal to effectively induce molt; however, susceptibility of salmonella enteritidis has encouraged the development of alternative methods. previous research conducted in our laboratory showed that alfalfa is effective at molt induction and provides equivalent postmolt production numbers and quality when compared with feed withdrawal. in the attempt ... | 2008 | 18577603 |
| in vitro fermentation response of laying hen cecal bacteria to combinations of fructooligosaccharide prebiotics with alfalfa or a layer ration. | the objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of combining a prebiotic with alfalfa on fermentation by laying hen cecal bacteria. cecal contents from laying hens were diluted to a 1:3,000 concentration with an anaerobic dilution solution and added to serum tubes filled with ground alfalfa or a layer ration with or without fructooligosaccharide (fos) prebiotic. samples were processed in an anaerobic hood, pressurized by using a pressure manifold, and incubated at 37 degrees c. ... | 2008 | 18577604 |
| significance of coprophagy for the fatty acid profile in body tissues of rabbits fed different diets. | four groups of eight new zealand hybrid rabbits were fattened with ad libitum access to the following pelleted experimental diets: ryegrass meal or alfalfa meal fed either alone or with oats meal in a ratio of 1:1. after 25 weeks they were slaughtered and dissected. fatty acid (fa) profiles of caecotrophs (re-ingested fermentation products of the caecum), perirenal adipose tissue and intramuscular fat in the musculus quadriceps were determined. with high proportions of branched-chain fa (bfa) an ... | 2008 | 18626678 |
| seasonal population dynamics of draeculacephala minerva (hemiptera: cicadellidae) and transmission of xylella fastidiosa. | the grass sharpshooter, draeculacephala minerva ball (hemiptera: cicadellidae), is a very common and often abundant grass-feeding leafhopper in california. its population dynamics and ability to transmit xylella fastidiosa were monitored over a 2-yr period in california's san joaquin valley. collections of individuals from natural populations in irrigated pastures and alfalfa, medicago savita l. fields adjacent to x. fastidiosa-infected almond (prunus spp.) orchards indicated the occurrence of t ... | 2008 | 18767716 |
| engineering of plant polyketide biosynthesis. | a growing number of functionally divergent the chalcone synthase (chs) superfamily type iii polyketide synthases (pkss) have been cloned and characterized, which include recently obtained pentaketide chromone synthase (pcs) and octaketide synthase (oks) from aloe (aloe arborescens). recombinant pcs expressed in escherichia coli catalyzes iterative condensations of five molecules of malonyl-coa to produce a pentaketide, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-methylchromone, while oks carries out sequential condensation ... | 2008 | 18981598 |
| mesorhizobium gobiense sp. nov. and mesorhizobium tarimense sp. nov., isolated from wild legumes growing in desert soils of xinjiang, china. | twenty-four mesorhizobium strains were isolated from desert soils in the xinjiang region of china and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. these strains grouped into three clusters in igs-rflp, sds-page analysis of whole-cell proteins and box-pcr analysis, corresponding to genomic species v, vi and vii as found in a previous study. the results were supported by sequencing analyses of rrs, igs, atpd and reca genes. genospecies vii was most related to mesorhizobium septentrionale, while ge ... | 2008 | 18984702 |
| tobacco mosaic virus 126-kda protein increases the susceptibility of nicotiana tabacum to other viruses and its dosage affects virus-induced gene silencing. | the tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) 126-kda protein is a suppressor of rna silencing previously shown to delay the silencing of transgenes in nicotiana tabacum and n. benthamiana. here, we demonstrate that expression of a 126-kda protein-green fluorescent protein (gfp) fusion (126-gfp) in n. tabacum increases susceptibility to a broad assortment of viruses, including alfalfa mosaic virus, brome mosaic virus, tobacco rattle virus (trv), and potato virus x. given its ability to enhance trv infection in ... | 2008 | 18986250 |
| the hmuuv genes of sinorhizobium meliloti 2011 encode the permease and atpase components of an abc transport system for the utilization of both haem and the hydroxamate siderophores, ferrichrome and ferrioxamine b. | sinorhizobium meliloti, the endosymbiont of medicago sativa, can use haem compounds, including haemoglobin and leghaemoglobin, when growing in the free-living state. the components of the system involved in haem acquisition were confirmed to be shmr, an outer membrane receptor, and hmutuv, predicted to be an abc transport system comprising a periplasmic protein, a permease and an atpase respectively. the roles of hmutuv in haem transport were confirmed in a heterologous expression system in esch ... | 2008 | 18990190 |
| a conjugated linoleic acid supplement containing trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid reduces milk fat synthesis in lactating goats. | the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (cla) supplements containing trans-10, cis-12 for reducing milk fat synthesis has been well described in dairy cows and sheep. studies on lactating goats, however, remain inconclusive. therefore, the current study investigated the efficacy of a lipid-encapsulated trans-10, cis-12 cla supplement (le-cla) on milk production and milk fatty acid profile in dairy goats. thirty multiparous alpine lactating goats in late lactation were used in a 3 x 3 latin square ... | 2008 | 18765588 |
| effect of body condition on consumption of pine needles (pinus ponderosa) by beef cows. | we determined whether cows in low (lbc) or high body condition (hbc) would consume different amounts of green pine needles (pinus ponderosa). cows (mature; open hereford and hereford x angus) were fed a maintenance basal diet (alfalfa pellets) for exp. 1 and 2; during exp. 3 and 4, cows were fed high-protein and high-energy diets, respectively. experiment 5 was a grazing study on rangeland during winter in south dakota; diets were determined by using bite counts. mean bcs (1 = emaciated, 9 = obe ... | 2008 | 18641173 |
| potential application of high hydrostatic pressure to eliminate escherichia coli o157:h7 on alfalfa sprouted seeds. | sprouts eaten raw are increasingly being perceived as hazardous foods as they have been implicated in escherichia coli o157:h7 outbreaks where the seeds were found to be the likely source of contamination. the objective of our study was to evaluate the potential of using high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) technology for alfalfa seed decontamination. alfalfa seeds inoculated with a cocktail of five strains of e. coli o157:h7 were subjected to pressures of 500 and 600 mpa for 2 min at 20 degrees c in ... | 2008 | 18954917 |
| influence of different sinorhizobium meliloti inocula on abundance of genes involved in nitrogen transformations in the rhizosphere of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). | inoculation of leguminous seeds with selected rhizobial strains is practised in agriculture to ameliorate the plant yield by enhanced root nodulation and nitrogen uptake of the plant. however, effective symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia does not only depend on the capacity of nitrogen fixation but also on the entire nitrogen turnover in the rhizosphere. we investigated the influence of seed inoculation with two indigenous sinorhizobium meliloti strains exhibiting different efficiency concer ... | 2008 | 18973619 |