Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| reprint of the herbal alternatives for menopause (halt) study: background and study design. | we designed a randomized double-blind randomized trial to examine the short and long-term effects of alternative approaches commonly used to manage menopause symptoms. women were randomly assigned to: (1) black cohosh 160 mg daily; (2) multibotanical (50 mg black cohosh, alfalfa, chaste tree, dong quai, false unicorn, licorice, oats, pomegranate, siberian ginseng, boron) four capsules daily; (3) multibotanical plus telephone counseling to increase dietary soy; (4) conjugated equine estrogen 0.62 ... | 2008 | 19434890 |
| animal performance and meat quality in cull cows with early weaned calves in argentina. | early weaning of calves (60 days old) is adopted in cow-calf operations for its high reproductive response. the objective of this research work was to find how age classes are related to beef quality in early weaning cull cows. twenty four cows were grouped in four different age classes (teeth and number of calves produced) from two teeth and no calf produced, up to 12 years and 7 calves produced. all cows grazed a perennial pasture based on alfalfa and fescue. there were differences (p<0.05) in ... | 2008 | 22062912 |
| influence of finishing systems on hydrophilic and lipophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) in beef. | the aim of this research was to: (1) develop a reliable extraction procedure and assay to determine antioxidant activity in meat products, and (2) assess the effect of beef finishing system (forage-finished: alfalfa, pearl millet or mixed pastures vs. concentrate-finished) on longissimus muscle antioxidant activity. the effect of extraction method (ethanol concentration and extraction time), protein removal, and sample preparation method (pulverization or freeze drying) were first evaluated to d ... | 2008 | 22063579 |
| effect of dietary oregano oil supplementation on lamb meat characteristics. | the effect of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on lamb meat characteristics was investigated. eight male and eight female chios lambs were divided into two equal groups. the first group was fed with the control diet consisting of concentrated feed and alfalfa hay, whereas the second group consumed the same diet, the only difference being that the concentrated feed was uniformly sprayed with oregano essential oil (1ml/kg). duration of the experimental period was two months. no differ ... | 2008 | 22062749 |
| meat quality of lambs produced in the mesopotamia region of argentina finished on different diets. | the meat quality of corriedale lambs (40kg live weight) produced in the mesopotamia region (argentina) was assessed. these lambs had different finishing diets: only native grass pasture, ground alfalfa and alfalfa-linseed pellet (70/30). carcass yield, longissimus dorsi area, backfat thickness, marbling, ph, meat and subcutaneous fat color, cooking loss, warner-bratzler shear force, fat, protein and moisture content were determined. lambs finished on alfalfa-linseed pellet had the highest carcas ... | 2008 | 22062919 |
| meat and fat colour as a tool to trace grass-feeding systems in light lamb production. | ninety-five lambs were fed as follows: lambs and dams grazing alfalfa (gr); as gr but lambs had access to concentrate (gr+s); ewes grazed and lambs received milk and concentrate until weaning and thereafter concentrate and straw (rat-gr); ewes and lambs were stall-fed (ind). lambs were slaughtered at 22-24 kg of live-weight and fat and m. rectus abdominis colour measured. visual appraisal scores of gr and ind were significantly different. the absolute value of the integral of the translated spec ... | 2008 | 22063328 |
| effects of cis-beta-ocimene, cis-sabinene hydrate, and monoterpene and sesquiterpene mixtures on alfalfa pellet intake by lambs. | the transition of grasslands to shrub-dominated scrubland reduces livestock productivity and contributes to impoverished conditions for humans in arid and semiarid regions worldwide. many shrubs that are increasing in dominance contain secondary compounds that deter browsing by herbivores. knowledge concerning the effects of specific compounds in herbivore diets is limited but may provide useful insights into desertification. flourensia cernua is a dominant shrub in the northern chihuahuan deser ... | 2008 | 18272857 |
| uv-b effects on the nutritional chemistry of plants and the responses of a mammalian herbivore. | stratospheric ozone depletion has caused ground-level ultraviolet-b (uv-b) radiation to rise in temperate latitudes of both hemispheres. because the effects of enhanced uv-b radiation on the nutrition of food consumed by mammalian herbivores are unknown, we measured nutritional and chemical constituents of 18 forages and related changes to in vitro dry matter digestibility. we also measured intake and in vivo digestibility of pacific willow (salix lasiandra) and alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) by b ... | 2008 | 18274780 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti mutants lacking phosphotransferase system enzyme hpr or eiia are altered in diverse processes, including carbon metabolism, cobalt requirements, and succinoglycan production. | sinorhizobium meliloti is a member of the alphaproteobacteria that fixes nitrogen when it is in a symbiotic relationship. genes for an incomplete phosphotransferase system (pts) have been found in the genome of s. meliloti. the genes present code for hpr and manx (an eiia(man)-type enzyme). hpr and eiia regulate carbon utilization in other bacteria. hpr and manx in-frame deletion mutants exhibited altered carbon metabolism and other phenotypes. loss of hpr resulted in partial relief of succinate ... | 2008 | 18281401 |
| effect of supplementing rumen-protected methionine on production and nitrogen excretion in lactating dairy cows. | two 4 x 4 latin square trials (4-wk periods; 16 wk total) were conducted to see whether supplementing rumen-protected met (rpm; fed as mepron) would allow feeding less crude protein (cp), thereby reducing urinary n excretion, but without losing production. in trial 1, 24 holsteins were fed 4 diets as total mixed rations containing [dry matter (dm) basis]: 18.6% cp and 0 g of rpm/d; 17.3% cp and 5 g of rpm/d; 16.1% cp and 10 g of rpm/d; or 14.8% cp and 15 g of rpm/d. dietary cp was reduced by rep ... | 2008 | 18292265 |
| olfactory conditioning in mate searching by the parasitoid aphidius ervi (hymenoptera: braconidae). | despite the fact that insect learning capacity has been broadly demonstrated, the role that this process plays during mate searching has been scarcely explored. we studied whether the sexual behaviour of a male parasitic wasp can be conditioned to the odours from two alternative host plant complexes (hpcs) present during its first copulation. the experimental subjects were newly emerged males of the aphid parasitoid, aphidius ervi, and two alternative hpcs (alfalfa or wheat). in the training pro ... | 2008 | 18294417 |
| bacterial citrate synthase expression and soil aluminum tolerance in transgenic alfalfa. | alfalfa is very sensitive to soil acidity and its yield and stand duration are compromised due to inhibited root growth and reduced nitrogen fixation caused by al toxicity. soil improvement by liming is expensive and only partially effective, and conventional plant breeding for al tolerance has had limited success. because tobacco and papaya plants overexpressing pseudomonas aeruginosa citrate synthase (cs) have been reported to exhibit enhanced tolerance to al, alfalfa was engineered by introdu ... | 2008 | 18305942 |
| polysaccharides cellulose, poly-beta-1,6-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine, and colanic acid are required for optimal binding of escherichia coli o157:h7 strains to alfalfa sprouts and k-12 strains to plastic but not for binding to epithelial cells. | when escherichia coli o157:h7 bacteria are added to alfalfa sprouts growing in water, the bacteria bind tightly to the sprouts. in contrast, laboratory k-12 strains of e. coli do not bind to sprouts under similar conditions. the roles of e. coli o157:h7 lipopolysaccharide (lps), capsular polysaccharide, and exopolysaccharides in binding to sprouts were examined. an lps mutant had no effect on the binding of the pathogenic strain. cellulose synthase mutants showed a significant reduction in bindi ... | 2008 | 18310435 |
| transcriptome of aphanomyces euteiches: new oomycete putative pathogenicity factors and metabolic pathways. | aphanomyces euteiches is an oomycete pathogen that causes seedling blight and root rot of legumes, such as alfalfa and pea. the genus aphanomyces is phylogenically distinct from well-studied oomycetes such as phytophthora sp., and contains species pathogenic on plants and aquatic animals. to provide the first foray into gene diversity of a. euteiches, two cdna libraries were constructed using mrna extracted from mycelium grown in an artificial liquid medium or in contact to plant roots. a unigen ... | 2008 | 18320043 |
| expression of modified gene encoding functional human alpha-1-antitrypsin protein in transgenic tomato plants. | transgenic plants offer promising alternative for large scale, sustainable production of safe, functional, recombinant proteins of therapeutic and industrial importance. here, we report the expression of biologically active human alpha-1-antitrypsin in transgenic tomato plants. the 1,182 bp cdna sequence of human aat was strategically designed, modified and synthesized to adopt codon usage pattern of dicot plants, elimination of mrna destabilizing sequences and modifications around 5' and 3' fla ... | 2008 | 18320339 |
| functional nodfe genes are present in sinorhizobium sp. strain mus10, a symbiont of the tropical legume sesbania rostrata. | we have cloned the nodfe operon from sinorhizobium sp. strain mus10. mus10 nodf shows sequence homology to acyl carrier protein and enables an s. meliloti nodf mutant to effectively nodulate alfalfa. our results demonstrate the occurrence of nodfe in a symbiont that nodulates a legume host not belonging to the galegoid group. | 2008 | 18326678 |
| the effect of silage cutting height on the nutritive value of a normal corn silage hybrid compared with brown midrib corn silage fed to lactating cows. | a brown midrib (bmr) hybrid and a silage-specific non-bmr (7511fq) hybrid were harvested at a normal cut height leaving 10 to 15 cm of stalk in the field. the non-bmr hybrid was also cut at a greater height leaving 45 to 50 cm of stalk. cutting high increased the concentrations of dry matter (+4%), crude protein (+5%), net energy for lactation (+3%), and starch (+7%), but decreased the concentrations of acid detergent fiber (-9%), neutral detergent fiber (-8%), and acid detergent lignin (-13%) f ... | 2008 | 18349238 |
| basal expression of nucleoside transporter mrna differs among small intestinal epithelia of beef steers and is differentially altered by ruminal or abomasal infusion of starch hydrolysate. | in ruminants, microbial-derived nucleic acids are a major source of n and are absorbed as nucleosides by small intestinal epithelia. although the biochemical activities of 2 nucleoside transport systems have been described for cattle, little is known regarding the regulation of their gene expression. this study was conducted to test 2 hypotheses: (1) the small intestinal epithelia of beef cattle differentially express mrna for 3 concentrative (cnt1, 2, 3) and 2 equilibrative (ent1, 2) nucleoside ... | 2008 | 18349250 |
| excretion of polyamines in alfalfa and tobacco suspension-cultured cells and its possible role in maintenance of intracellular polyamine contents. | changes in polyamines (pas) in cells and cultivation media of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and tobacco bright yellow 2 (by-2) (nicotiana tabacum l.) cell suspension cultures were studied over their growth cycles. the total content of pas (both free and conjugated forms) was nearly 10 times higher in alfalfa, with high level of free putrescine (put) (in exponential growth phase it represented about 65-73% of the intracellular put pool). in contrast, the high content of soluble put conjugates was ... | 2008 | 18369627 |
| the sinorhizobium meliloti msba2 protein is essential for the legume symbiosis. | sinorhizobium meliloti is a beneficial legume symbiont, closely related to brucella species, which are chronic mammalian pathogens. we discovered that the s. meliloti msba2 protein is essential to ensure the symbiotic interaction with the host plant, alfalfa. s. meliloti invades plant cells via plant-derived structures known as infection threads. however, in the absence of msba2, s. meliloti remains trapped within abnormally thickened infection threads and induces a heightened plant defence resp ... | 2008 | 18375818 |
| diet and abdominal autofluorescence detected by in vivo fluorescence imaging of living mice. | we investigated the effect of diet on abdominal autofluorescence detected by in vivo fluorescence imaging (fli) of living mice. groups of mice were fed a regular, alfalfa-free, or purified diet, and whole-body fli was performed without the administration of fluorescent probes. in addition, quantum dots were injected intravenously into mice fed one of the three diets, and fli was performed 3 and 24 hours later. intense autofluorescence originating from the animals' intestinal contents was observe ... | 2008 | 18384720 |
| transfer of anthracnose resistance and pod coiling traits from medicago arborea to m. sativa by sexual reproduction. | five asymmetric hybrid plants were obtained between medicago sativa (2n = 4x = 32) and medicago arborea (2n = 4x = 32) through sexual reproduction and the use of a cytoplasmically male sterile m. sativa genotype. over 2,000 pollinations were made to obtain these hybrids. amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis showed that in the most studied hybrid (wa2273), 4% of the bands unique to the m. arborea parent were present, versus 72% for the unique m. sativa bands. this suggests that ... | 2008 | 18392799 |
| the rhizobial adhesion protein rapa1 is involved in adsorption of rhizobia to plant roots but not in nodulation. | the effect of the rhizobium adhesion protein rapa1 on rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii adsorption to trifolium pratense (red clover) roots was investigated. we altered rapa1 production by cloning its encoding gene under the plac promoter into the stable vector phc60. after introducing this plasmid in r. leguminosarum bv. trifolii, three to four times more rapa1 was produced, and two to five times higher adsorption to red clover roots was obtained, as compared with results for the empty vecto ... | 2008 | 18393991 |
| stable low molecular weight rna profiling showed variations within sinorhizobium meliloti and sinorhizobium medicae nodulating different legumes from the alfalfa cross-inoculation group. | four different low molecular weight (lmw) rna profiles, designated i-iv, among 179 isolates from medicago, melilotus and trigonella species growing in a field site in northern spain were identified. from sequence analysis of the 16s rrna, atpd and reca genes as well as dna-dna hybridization analysis with representatives of each lmw rna profile it was evident that isolates with lmw rna profiles i and ii belonged to sinorhizobium meliloti and those displaying profiles iii and iv to sinorhizobium m ... | 2008 | 18399993 |
| forage systems for cow-calf production in the appalachian region. | small cow-calf operations are common in the appalachian region. tall fescue [lolium arundinaceum (schreb.) s. j. darbyshire] is the dominant forage in these systems for direct grazing as well as for stockpiling. the present study was conducted from 2001 to 2005. a total of 108 angus and angus crossbred cows were allotted randomly to 6 forage systems and then to 3 replicates within each system. in brief, system 1 had a stocking rate of 0.91 ha/cow in a middleburg 3-paddock (a, b, and c) system. s ... | 2008 | 18407993 |
| effect of feeding corn, hull-less or hulled barley on fermentation by mixed cultures of ruminal microorganisms. | increased demands for corn grain warrant the evaluation of alternative grain types for ruminant production systems. this study was conducted to determine the effects of hulled and hull-less barley (hordeum vulgare l.) cultivars compared with corn (zea mays l.) as an alternative grain type on fermentation in cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms. three continuous fermentors were fed 14 g of dry feed per day (divided equally between 2 feedings) consisting of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) hay pel ... | 2008 | 18420625 |
| effects of the chop lengths of alfalfa silage and oat silage on feed intake, milk production, feeding behavior, and rumen fermentation of dairy cows. | effects of chop length (shorter: 6 mm, or longer: 19 mm) of alfalfa silage and oat silage were determined in 16 mid-lactation holstein cows, 4 of which were rumen cannulated, using a replicated 4 x 4 latin square design with a 2 x 2 arrangement of treatments. experimental periods were 21 d long and consisted of 14 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. cows received a total mixed ration containing [dry matter (dm) basis] 42.0% barley grain-based energy supplement, 10% protein supplement, and 24% o ... | 2008 | 18420626 |
| short communication: salivary secretion during meals in lactating dairy cattle. | four multiparous holstein cows in midlactation were used in a 4 x 4 latin square to evaluate whether source of forage influenced salivary secretion during eating in lactating dairy cows. the forages were allocated separately from the pelleted concentrates. cows were offered 1 of 4 forages each period: barley silage, alfalfa silage, long-stemmed alfalfa hay, or chopped barley straw. saliva secretion was measured during the morning meal by collecting masticates through the rumen cannula at the car ... | 2008 | 18420637 |
| behavior of laying hens on alfalfa crumble molt diets. | several dietary alternatives to feed withdrawal have been proposed to induce a molt in laying hens. this study compared the behavior of laying hens on an alfalfa crumble diet (alc) to hens that were either on a conventional layer diet (ff) or hens that had feed withdrawn (fw) during a 9-d trial. each treatment consisted of 24 hens (3 hens per battery cage), and treatment began after a 2-week acclimation period. video cameras connected to a digital multiplexer recorded the behavior of the hens. t ... | 2008 | 18420970 |
| evaluation of dietary and management risk factors for enterolithiasis among horses in california. | enteroliths are intestinal calculi that result in intestinal obstruction and colic in horses. equine enterolithiasis occurs worldwide, but the disease is particularly prevalent in some geographic locations, including california. the objectives of this study were to evaluate dietary and environmental risk factors for the disease. this was accomplished through a case-control study by comparing horses with colic from enterolithiasis presenting to the university of california, davis vmth, to horses ... | 2008 | 18423503 |
| expression of a modified mannheimia haemolytica gs60 outer membrane lipoprotein in transgenic alfalfa for the development of an edible vaccine against bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. | the gs60 antigen is one of the protective antigens of mannheimia haemolytica a1. gs60 contains conserved domains belonging to the lppc family of bacterial outer membrane lipoproteins. a high antibody titer to gs60 has been shown to be significantly correlated with resistance to pneumonic pasteurellosis. calves vaccinated with a commercial vaccine (presponse) and demonstrating protection against m. haemolytica a1 produced antibodies directed against gs60. alfalfa was chosen as the platform for an ... | 2008 | 18440084 |
| corn distillers grains with solubles derived from a traditional or partial fractionation process: growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing feedlot heifers. | six hundred ten crossbred-yearling heifers (347 +/- 5 kg of initial bw) were obtained and used in a randomized complete-block design finishing study. finishing diets were based on steam-flaked corn and ground alfalfa hay. the control (cont) treatment contained no distillers grains with solubles (dgs), the second diet was formulated to contained 13% (dm basis) dried corn dgs derived from a traditional dry-grind ethanol process (trad), and the third diet was formulated to contained 13% (dm basis) ... | 2008 | 18441072 |
| comparing relative feed value with degradation parameters of grass and legume forages. | relative feed value (rfv) was evaluated relative to in situ degradation parameters of grass and legume forages. early-cut alfalfa (n = 20), late-cut alfalfa (n = 26), cool-season grass (n = 11), warm-season grass (n = 4), and grass-legume (n = 20) samples were collected from duplicate hay bales submitted to the 2002 and 2003 missouri state fair hay contests. subsamples were incubated in the rumen of 2 lactating holstein cows for 0, 6 or 8, 12, 24, and 48 h to determine in situ degradation of dm, ... | 2008 | 18441075 |
| rhizobium cellulase celc2 is essential for primary symbiotic infection of legume host roots. | the rhizobia-legume, root-nodule symbiosis provides the most efficient source of biologically fixed ammonia fertilizer for agricultural crops. its development involves pathways of specificity, infectivity, and effectivity resulting from expressed traits of the bacterium and host plant. a key event of the infection process required for development of this root-nodule symbiosis is a highly localized, complete erosion of the plant cell wall through which the bacterial symbiont penetrates to establi ... | 2008 | 18458328 |
| prediction of rabbit caecal fermentation characteristics from faeces by in vitro gas production technique: roughages. | to find equations able to estimate the fermentation characteristics of the caecum from that of faeces, caecal content and faeces of 10 hybrid hyla rabbits were used as inocula for an in vitro gas production trial. about 1 g of 12 roughages, 11 hays (ryegrass, alfalfa, sulla, oat, vetch, sulla-lolium, vetch-oat, sulla-oat, clover, ryegrass-clover, sulla-vetch-oat) and a wheat straw, was weighed, in triplicate per inoculum, in 120-ml flasks; 75 ml of anaerobic medium and 4 ml of reducing solution ... | 2008 | 18477306 |
| rumen fermentation and degradability in buffalo and cattle using the in vitro gas production technique. | an in vitro trial was conducted to investigate the effect of different inoculum sources (buffalo vs. cattle) on rumen fermentation and degradability. incubations were carried out using rumen fluid obtained from buffalo or cattle fed the same diet [60% grass hay and 40% concentrate; 18 kg dry matter (dm)/day]. the fermentation kinetics of eight feeds commonly used in ruminant nutrition (alfalfa hay, barley meal, beet pulp, corn meal and silage, ryegrass hay and silage and soya bean meal s.e.) wer ... | 2008 | 18477317 |
| influence of pasture on fatty acid profile of goat milk. | the effect of pasture on the fatty acid profile of milk was evaluated using 30 pluriparous goats, which were divided into two homogeneous groups (h and p) of 15 goats each after kidding. group h (control) goats were housed in a stall and received alfalfa hay, while group p was led to pasture. the goats of both the groups received the same concentrate. average milk yield did not differ statistically between the groups. the goats of the p group had significantly higher fat content in milk than tho ... | 2008 | 18477324 |
| the majority of in vitro macrophage activation exhibited by extracts of some immune enhancing botanicals is due to bacterial lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides. | we have identified potent monocyte/macrophage activating bacterial lipoproteins within commonly used immune enhancing botanicals such as echinacea, american ginseng and alfalfa sprouts. these bacterial lipoproteins, along with lipopolysaccharides, were substantially more potent than other bacterially derived components when tested in in vitro monocyte/macrophage activation systems. in experiments using raw 264.7 and mouse peritoneal macrophages the majority (85-98%) of the activity within extrac ... | 2008 | 18486914 |
| hot topic: application of support vector machine method in prediction of alfalfa protein fractions by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. | the object of this study was to explore the potential for support vector machine (svm) to improve the precision of predicting protein fractions by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (nirs). generally, most protein fractions determined in cornell net carbohydrate and protein system (cncps), especially the neutral detergent insoluble protein (ndfcp) and acid detergent insoluble protein (adfcp), could not be accurately predicted by the commonly used partial least squares (pls) method. a recentl ... | 2008 | 18487658 |
| feeding soybean oil to dairy goats increases conjugated linoleic acid in milk. | a total of 24 murciano-granadina dairy goats milked once daily throughout lactation were used to study the effects of including soybean oil (sbo) in the diet on lactational performance and milk fatty acid (fa) content, particularly conjugated linoleic acid (cla) and trans-vaccenic acid (trans-11 c18:1, tva). three weeks after parturition, goats were allocated to 2 balanced groups according to lactation number, body weight, and daily milk yield, and were kept in separate pens. the experiment cons ... | 2008 | 18487662 |
| behavioral responses of laying hens to different alfalfa-layer ration combinations fed during molting. | induced molting by feed withdrawal has been a common practice in the commercial layer industry and usually involves the removal of feed for a period of up to 14 d. however, this is a practice that is believed to adversely influence the welfare of the hens and there is a need to examine behavioral responses to alternative molt regimens. the behavioral patterns of hens on 90% alfalfa:10% layer ration, 80% alfalfa:20% layer ration, and 70% alfalfa:30% layer ration molt diets were compared with feed ... | 2008 | 18492986 |
| nutrient net absorption across the portal-drained viscera of forage-fed beef steers: quantitative assessment and application to a nutritional prediction model. | this study aimed to establish the relationship between me intake and energy and nutrient absorption across the portal-drained viscera (pdv) of forage-fed beef steers. eight angus (328 +/- 40 kg of bw) steers were surgically fitted with portal, mesenteric arterial, and mesenteric venous catheters, and were fed alfalfa cubes in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square design with 4 levels of energy intake between 1 and 2 times maintenance energy requirements. on d 28 of each experimental period, p-aminohip ... | 2008 | 18502889 |
| role of plants in the vegetative and reproductive growth of saprobic basidiomycetous ground fungi. | non-symbiotic microorganisms engineered or expensively selected to degrade xenobiotic hydrocarbons or modify heavy-metal uptake of plants in soil remediations die back after their introduction into the target soils. mycelia of saprobic basidiomycetes were therefore inoculated into soil samples of 1 l in glass vessels to record mycelial growth and reproduction in the immediate rhizosphere of up to 11 herbaceous plant species, or to study their responses to the separate volatiles from whole plant ... | 2008 | 18506502 |
| factors influencing the growth of salmonella during sprouting of naturally contaminated alfalfa seeds. | in this study, the factors that affect salmonella growth during sprouting of naturally contaminated alfalfa seeds associated with two previous outbreaks of salmonellosis were examined. a minidrum sprouter equipped with automatic irrigation and rotation systems was built to allow sprouting to be conducted under conditions similar to those used commercially. the growth of salmonella during sprouting in the minidrum was compared with that observed in sprouts grown in glass jars under conditions com ... | 2008 | 18522019 |
| [effects of cutting on the population dynamics of main insect pests on alfalfa]. | a systematic investigation was made on the effects of cutting on the population dynamics of main insect pests on alfalfa in dingxi of gansu province. the results showed that the effects of cutting varied significantly with the kinds of insect pests. the seasonal average population densities of therioaphis trifolii, acyrthosiphon pisum and thrips decreased significantly and maintained at a low level under the first cutting in early june, but less variation was observed under the second cutting in ... | 2008 | 18533546 |
| the outer membrane protein tolc from sinorhizobium meliloti affects protein secretion, polysaccharide biosynthesis, antimicrobial resistance, and symbiosis. | sinorhizobium meliloti is capable of establishing a symbiotic nitrogen fixation relationship with medicago sativa. during this process, it must cope with diverse environments and has evolved different types of transport systems that help its propagation in the plant roots. tolc protein family members are the outer-membrane components of several transport systems involved in the export of diverse molecules, playing an important role in bacterial survival. in this work, we have characterized the p ... | 2008 | 18533835 |
| mutational analysis of the sinorhizobium meliloti short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family reveals substantial contribution to symbiosis and catabolic diversity. | the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (sdr) family is one of the largest and most ubiquitous protein families in bacterial genomes. despite there being a few well-characterized examples, the substrate specificities or functions of most members of the family are unknown. in this study, we carried out a large-scale mutagenesis of the sdr gene family in the alfalfa root nodule symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti. subsequent phenotypic analysis revealed phenotypes for mutants of 21 of the sdr-encoding ... | 2008 | 18533838 |
| plasma amino acid profile and expression of the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pathway in lambs with induced metabolic acidosis. | metabolic acidosis is a condition often induced by ruminal acidosis. identification of the specific proteolytic pathways affected by metabolic acidosis and characterization of aa concentration changes induced by metabolic acidosis in ruminants has yet to be confirmed. the objective of this study was to examine the effect of nutritionally induced metabolic acidosis on lamb plasma aa and tissue variables, including mrna and protein expression of components of the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pat ... | 2008 | 18539839 |
| influence of slice baling on feeding value of alfalfa hay in receiving and finishing diets for feedlot cattle. | three studies were conducted to evaluate the feeding value of slice alfalfa hay in feedlot diets. in exp. 1, 108 steer calves (183.1 +/- 1.2 kg initial bw; 6 pens/treatment) were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effect of baling method on performance and morbidity of newly received calves. the study lasted 28 d. treatments consisted of a 65% concentrate receiving diet containing 1) ground or 2) slice alfalfa hay. steer calves were fed daily at 0800 h. animals also received ... | 2008 | 18539841 |
| effect of a preparation containing lactic fermentation bacteria on the hygienic status and aerobic stability of silages. | the objective of this study was to determine the influence of biological silage additive (bonsilage) on the hygiene quality and nutritive value of maize and grass-legume silages. the experiments were conducted on fao 240 maize (zea mays l.) and a mixture of italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum l.), 50% with alfalfa (medicago media pers.), 50%. group 1 was a control and comprised silage without any additives, group 2 was ensiled with the addition of 4 cm3 kg(-1) biological silage additive. after ... | 2008 | 18540206 |
| chelation of molybdenum in medicago sativa (alfalfa) grown on reclaimed mine tailings. | extraction and analytical procedures were developed from 1999 to 2005 for the chemical investigation of molybdenum (mo) in aerial portions of alfalfa ( medicago sativa l.) grown on a reclaimed mine tailings site at the highland valley copper mine in british columbia, canada. the purification procedures were guided by colorimetric analyses specific for mo. the mo levels in freeze-dried plant samples exceeded 100 ppm, which is more than 20 times the maximum level recommended for livestock feed. in ... | 2008 | 18543934 |
| effects of chromium picolinate on micronucleus frequency and morphology of lymphocytes in calves. | we report the effects of chromium picolinate (crpic) on micronucleus frequency, morphology of lymphocytes, and lipid peroxidation in calves. twenty-four holstein calves were selected for the study. they were kept in a farm and were fed a commercially available calf diet and alfalfa, ad libitum. the animals were divided into three groups of eight subjects each and were treated as follows: the first group was supplemented with a daily dose of 200 microg cr as chromium picolinate; a second group re ... | 2008 | 18545946 |
| the gntr-type regulators gtra and gtrb affect cell growth and nodulation of sinorhizobium meliloti. | gntr-type transcriptional regulators are involved in the regulation of various biological processes in bacteria, but little is known about their functions in sinorhizobium meliloti. here, we identified two gntr-type transcriptional regulator genes, gtra and gtrb, from s. meliloti strain 1021. both the gtra1 mutant and the gtrb1 mutant had lower growth rates and maximal cell yields on rich and minimal media, as well as lower cell motility on swimming plates, than did the wild-type strain. both mu ... | 2008 | 18545962 |
| regulation and characterization of thermobifida fusca carbohydrate-binding module proteins e7 and e8. | e7, a single domain family 33 cellulose binding module (cbm) protein, and e8, a non-catalytic, three-domain protein consisting of a family 33 cbm, a fniii domain, followed by a family 2 cbm, were cloned, expressed, purified, and characterized. western blots showed that e7 and e8 were induced and secreted when thermobifida fusca was grown on cellobiose, solka floc, switchgrass, or alfalfa as well as on beta-1,3 linked glucose molecules such as laminaribiose or pachyman. e8 bound well to alpha- an ... | 2008 | 18553392 |
| perchlorate in the feed-dairy continuum of the southwestern united states. | perchlorate has the potential to cause thyroid dysfunction by inhibiting iodide uptake by the sodium iodide symporter. perchlorate-contaminated waters may lead to human exposure through drinking water and food chain transfer in crops by way of irrigation water. perchlorate has been found in dairy milk collected nationally and internationally. this study was conducted to evaluate perchlorate in the feed-dairy continuum in the southwestern united states. all feed products collected at dairies in t ... | 2008 | 18553887 |
| the promiscuous evolutionary history of the family bromoviridae. | recombination and segment reassortment are important contributors to the standing genetic variation of rna viruses and are often involved in the genesis of new, emerging viruses. this study explored the role played by these two processes in the evolutionary radiation of the plant virus family bromoviridae. the evolutionary history of this family has been explored previously using standard molecular phylogenetic methods, but incongruences have been found among the trees inferred from different ge ... | 2008 | 18559945 |
| nutrient demand interacts with forage family to affect intake and digestion responses in dairy cows. | the effect of feed intake in the preliminary period on responses to diets containing alfalfa silage or orchardgrass silage was evaluated using 8 ruminally and duodenally cannulated holstein cows in a crossover design experiment with a 14-d preliminary period and two 15-d treatment periods. responses measured were dmi, rates of fiber digestion and passage, and milk production. cows were 139 +/- 83 (mean +/- sd) d in milk at the beginning of the preliminary period. during the preliminary period, 3 ... | 2008 | 18565928 |
| influence of carbohydrate source on ruminal fermentation characteristics, performance, and microbial protein synthesis in dairy cows. | eight multiparous holstein cows (676 +/- 57 kg of body weight; 121 +/- 17 d-in-milk) were used in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square design to determine the effects of 4 sources of carbohydrate on milk yield and composition, ruminal fermentation, and microbial n flow to the duodenum. four cows in one of the latin squares were fitted with permanent ruminal cannulae. diets contained (dm basis) 50% forage in combinations of alfalfa hay and barley silage, and 50% concentrate. the concentrate portion of ... | 2008 | 18565931 |
| effects of non-feed removal molting methods on egg quality traits in commercial brown egg laying hens in turkey. | non-feed removal molting programme in commercial brown laying hens and its influence on pre-molting, post-molting and end of cycle egg quality traits were investigated. overall 54 birds were randomly divided into three treatment groups and each group was fed with one of the following diets during 10 days of molting period: (i) grain barley, (ii) alfalfa meal, or (iii) commercial layer ration (non-molted control group). eggs obtained from groups in pre-molting, post-molting and end of cycle perio ... | 2008 | 18575968 |
| in vitro fermentation response of laying hen cecal bacteria to combinations of fructooligosaccharide prebiotics with alfalfa or a layer ration. | the objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of combining a prebiotic with alfalfa on fermentation by laying hen cecal bacteria. cecal contents from laying hens were diluted to a 1:3,000 concentration with an anaerobic dilution solution and added to serum tubes filled with ground alfalfa or a layer ration with or without fructooligosaccharide (fos) prebiotic. samples were processed in an anaerobic hood, pressurized by using a pressure manifold, and incubated at 37 degrees c. ... | 2008 | 18577604 |
| rhizobium multihospitium sp. nov., isolated from multiple legume species native of xinjiang, china. | thirty-one rhizobial strains isolated from nodules of legumes native of xinjiang, china, were characterized. these strains were classified as belonging to the genus rhizobium based on amplified 16s rdna restriction analysis (ardra). the strains were distinguished from recognized rhizobium species using analysis of 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacers (igs-rflp), sds-page analysis of whole proteins and box-pcr; the test strains always formed a distinct cluster with patterns that were quite different f ... | 2008 | 18599718 |
| accumulation of overproduced ferritin in the chloroplast provides protection against photoinhibition induced by low temperature in tobacco plants. | wild-type tobacco plants (nicotiana tabacum l. cv. petit havanna line sr1) and plants transformed with full-length alfalfa ferritin cdna with the chloroplast transit peptide under the control of a rubisco small subunit gene promoter (c3 and c8) were cold-treated at 0 degrees c with continuous light (250 micromol m(-2)s(-1)). these transgenic plants had higher chlorophyll content and higher f(v)/f(m) chlorophyll-a fluorescence induction parameters than wild-type plants after 2 or 3d of cold treat ... | 2008 | 18602722 |
| effect of body condition on consumption of pine needles (pinus ponderosa) by beef cows. | we determined whether cows in low (lbc) or high body condition (hbc) would consume different amounts of green pine needles (pinus ponderosa). cows (mature; open hereford and hereford x angus) were fed a maintenance basal diet (alfalfa pellets) for exp. 1 and 2; during exp. 3 and 4, cows were fed high-protein and high-energy diets, respectively. experiment 5 was a grazing study on rangeland during winter in south dakota; diets were determined by using bite counts. mean bcs (1 = emaciated, 9 = obe ... | 2008 | 18641173 |
| presence and potential for horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance in oxidase-positive bacteria populating raw salad vegetables. | to assess whether domestically grown fresh salad vegetables constitute a possible reservoir of antibiotic resistance for canadian consumers, aerobic bacteria capable of forming colonies at 30 degrees c on nutrient-limited media were recovered from a single sampling of romaine lettuce, savoy spinach and alfalfa sprouts, then examined for their susceptibility to ten antibiotics and the carriage of potentially mobile r-plasmids and integrons. of the 140 isolates resistant to one or more antibiotic, ... | 2008 | 18632174 |
| poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb) supports survival and reproduction in starving rhizobia. | the carbon that rhizobia in root nodules receive from their host powers both n(2) fixation, which mainly benefits the host, and rhizobium reproduction. rhizobia also store energy in the lipid poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb), which may enhance rhizobium survival when they are carbon limited, either in nodules or in the soil between hosts. there can be a conflict of interest between rhizobia and legumes over the rate of phb accumulation, due to a metabolic tradeoff between n(2) fixation and phb accum ... | 2008 | 18631180 |
| significance of coprophagy for the fatty acid profile in body tissues of rabbits fed different diets. | four groups of eight new zealand hybrid rabbits were fattened with ad libitum access to the following pelleted experimental diets: ryegrass meal or alfalfa meal fed either alone or with oats meal in a ratio of 1:1. after 25 weeks they were slaughtered and dissected. fatty acid (fa) profiles of caecotrophs (re-ingested fermentation products of the caecum), perirenal adipose tissue and intramuscular fat in the musculus quadriceps were determined. with high proportions of branched-chain fa (bfa) an ... | 2008 | 18626678 |
| in vivo influence of cyanobacterial toxins on enzyme activity and gene expression of protein phosphatases in alfalfa (medicago sativa). | irrigation of crop plants with surface water can be a threat if cyanobacterial toxins are present in the water. cyanotoxins are known to cause adverse effects in plants. microcystin (mc), a cyclic heptapeptide, with more than 70 structural variants, is a frequently occurring toxin. mc is a specific inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatases 1 and 2a (pp1 and 2a), important regulatory enzymes in eukaryotic cells. protein phosphatases consist of a catalytic subunit and one or more regulato ... | 2008 | 18620722 |
| ntp multigenerational reproductive study of genistein (cas no. 446-72-0) in sprague-dawley rats (feed study). | genistein is a naturally occurring isoflavone that interacts with estrogen receptors and multiple other molecular targets. human exposure to genistein is predominantly through consumption of soy products, including soy-based infant formula and dietary supplements. consumption of soy and genistein has been associated with a variety of beneficial effects in animals and humans, but concerns have also been raised concerning potential adverse effects of genistein, particularly with regard to reproduc ... | 2008 | 18685713 |
| auxotrophy accounts for nodulation defect of most sinorhizobium meliloti mutants in the branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis pathway. | some sinorhizobium meliloti mutants in genes involved in isoleucine, valine, and leucine biosynthesis were previously described as being unable to induce nodule formation on host plants. here, we present a reappraisal of the interconnection between the branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis pathway and the nodulation process in s. meliloti. we characterized the symbiotic phenotype of seven mutants that are auxotrophic for isoleucine, valine, or leucine in two closely related s. meliloti strains, ... | 2008 | 18700827 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti mutants deficient in phosphatidylserine decarboxylase accumulate phosphatidylserine and are strongly affected during symbiosis with alfalfa. | sinorhizobium meliloti contains phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) as major membrane lipids. pe is formed in two steps. in the first step, phosphatidylserine synthase (pss) condenses serine with cdp-diglyceride to form phosphatidylserine (ps), and in the second step, ps is decarboxylated by phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (psd) to form pe. in this study we identified the sinorhizobial psd gene coding for psd. a sinorhizobial mutant deficien ... | 2008 | 18708506 |
| alfalfa benefits from medicago truncatula: the rct1 gene from m. truncatula confers broad-spectrum resistance to anthracnose in alfalfa. | alfalfa is economically the most important forage legume worldwide. a recurrent challenge to alfalfa production is the significant yield loss caused by disease. although knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying host resistance should facilitate the genetic improvement of alfalfa, the acquisition of such knowledge is hampered by alfalfa's tetrasomic inheritance and outcrossing nature. however, alfalfa is congeneric with the reference legume medicago truncatula, providing an opportunity to use ... | 2008 | 18719113 |
| comparison of the stress response of listeria monocytogenes strains with sprout colonization. | twenty-nine strains of the foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes were tested for their ability to colonize alfalfa, radish, and broccoli sprouts and their capacity to withstand acid and oxidative stress, two stresses common to the sprouting environment. wide variation in the ability of different strains to colonize alfalfa sprouts were confirmed, but the variations among radish and broccoli sprouts were not as large. with a few exceptions, strains that were poor colonizers of alfalfa tended ... | 2008 | 18724748 |
| a conjugated linoleic acid supplement containing trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid reduces milk fat synthesis in lactating goats. | the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (cla) supplements containing trans-10, cis-12 for reducing milk fat synthesis has been well described in dairy cows and sheep. studies on lactating goats, however, remain inconclusive. therefore, the current study investigated the efficacy of a lipid-encapsulated trans-10, cis-12 cla supplement (le-cla) on milk production and milk fatty acid profile in dairy goats. thirty multiparous alpine lactating goats in late lactation were used in a 3 x 3 latin square ... | 2008 | 18765588 |
| seasonal population dynamics of draeculacephala minerva (hemiptera: cicadellidae) and transmission of xylella fastidiosa. | the grass sharpshooter, draeculacephala minerva ball (hemiptera: cicadellidae), is a very common and often abundant grass-feeding leafhopper in california. its population dynamics and ability to transmit xylella fastidiosa were monitored over a 2-yr period in california's san joaquin valley. collections of individuals from natural populations in irrigated pastures and alfalfa, medicago savita l. fields adjacent to x. fastidiosa-infected almond (prunus spp.) orchards indicated the occurrence of t ... | 2008 | 18767716 |
| diversity of sinorhizobium strains nodulating medicago sativa from different iranian regions. | alfalfa is believed to have originated in north-western iran and has a long history of coexistence with its bacterial symbiont sinorhizobium in soils of iran. however, little is known about the diversity of sinorhizobium strains nodulating iranian alfalfa genotypes. in this study, sinorhizobium populations were sampled from eight different iranian sites using three cultivars of medicago sativa as trap host plants. a total of 982 rhizobial strains were isolated and species were identified showing ... | 2008 | 18783438 |
| utilization of kura clover-reed canarygrass silage versus alfalfa silage by lactating dairy cows. | the mixture of kura clover (trifolium ambiguum m. bieb.) and reed canarygrass (phalaris arundinacea l.) has proven to be extremely persistent in the northern united states, but information about dairy cow performance on this mixture is lacking. twenty lactating holstein cows were used in a crossover design to compare dry matter (dm) intake and milk production from diets containing kura clover-reed canarygrass silage (krs) or alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) silage (as). forages were cut, wilted, ens ... | 2008 | 18650290 |
| root-microbe communication through protein secretion. | biotic interactions in the rhizosphere are biologically important, and although many of those interactions have been well studied, the role of secreted proteins in the cross-talk between microbes and roots has not been investigated. here, protein secretion was studied during the communication between the roots of two plants (medicago sativa and arabidopsis thaliana) and the bacterial symbiont of one of these species (sinorhizobium meliloti strain rm1021) and an opportunistic bacterial pathogen o ... | 2008 | 18635546 |
| comparative behavior of ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 in diverse plant species. | ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt in numerous plant species worldwide. although biovar 2 mostly affects solanaceous crops, identification of new hosts remains a matter of concern since there is still no clear-cut distinction between host and nonhost plants. in this work we provide data based on histological studies on the status of 20 plant species, most of them of potential interest in crop rotation. plants were watered with a beta-glucuronidase-expressing derivative of r. solanacear ... | 2008 | 18943239 |
| characterization of brucella abortus sigma factor sigma54 (rpon): genetic complementation of sinorhizobium meliloti ntra mutant. | the intracellular pathogen brucella abortus has an alternative sigma factor sigma54 (rpon) highly similar to sinorhizobium meliloti ntra. rpon was described to be required for the transcription of a wide range of genes involved in diverse physiological functions including the regulation of virulence-related factors in both plants and animal pathogens. b. abortus rpon gene restored the normal growth of an s. meliloti ntra mutant in minimal media with succinic acid as a sole carbon source as well ... | 2008 | 18926896 |
| effects of alfalfa on lipoproteins and fatty streak formation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. | alfalfa (medicago sativa) is a leguminous plant with high contents of phytoestrogen and saponin which are both useful in preventing cardiovascular disorders. this study was designed to evaluate the preventive effect of dietary alfalfa on the development and the progression of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic rabbits. twenty male rabbits were obtained and kept under standard conditions. after 2 weeks of accommodation to the new place, the animals were semi-randomly distributed into four groups o ... | 2008 | 18930871 |
| the effects of alfalfa-based molt diets on skeletal integrity of white leghorns. | sixty white leghorn hens were assigned to 1 of 6 treatments: pretrial control (pc), full fed (ff), 9-d feed withdrawal (fw), 90% alfalfa-10% layer ration (a90), 80% alfalfa-20% layer ration (a80), and 70% alfalfa/30% layer ration (a70). for the pc, hens were killed and bones collected immediately before light restriction. the ff hens were also subjected to light restriction. after hens were fasted or fed different molting treatment diets for 9 d, they were fed a maintenance diet for 14 d. at 23 ... | 2008 | 18931166 |
| effects of gamma irradiation on ruminal dm and ndf degradation kinetics of alfalfa hay. | the effects of gamma irradiation on ruminal dry matter, neutral detergent fiber (ndf) degradation of alfalfa hay were investigated. alfalfa hay samples were irradiated by gamma irradiator at doses of 50, 100 and 150 kgy under identical conditions of temperature and humidity. nylon bags of untreated or irradiated samples were suspended in the rumen of three taleshi bulls for up to 96 h and resulting data were fitted to non-linear degradation model to calculate degradation parameters. results indi ... | 2008 | 18819559 |
| the relative merit of ruminal undegradable protein from soybean meal or soluble fiber from beet pulp to improve nitrogen utilization in dairy cows. | early lactating dairy cows were used to determine whether the replacement of solvent-extracted soybean meal [ssbm; a source of rumen-degradable protein (rdp)] with expeller soybean meal (esbm; a source of rumen-undegradable protein), or the replacement of high-moisture shelled corn (hmsc) with beet pulp (a source of soluble fiber) would be effective in improving efficiency of n usage for milk production. the study was designed as a replicated 4 x 4 latin square with 21-d periods. eight multiparo ... | 2008 | 18832219 |
| alfalfa cut at sundown and harvested as baleage improves milk yield of late-lactation dairy cows. | alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) cut at sundown has been shown to contain greater concentration of total nonstructural carbohydrates (tnc) than that cut at sunup. fourteen multiparous (8 ruminally cannulated) and 2 primiparous lactating dairy cows were randomly assigned to 2 treatments in a crossover design (2 periods of 24 d) to investigate the effects of alfalfa daytime cutting management on ruminal metabolism, nutrient digestibility, n balance, and milk yield. half of each alfalfa field (total of ... | 2008 | 18832221 |
| short communication: the effects of histidine-supplemented drinking water on the performance of lactating dairy cows. | an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that a sufficient proportion of histidine (his) included in the drinking water of lactating cows bypasses the rumen to have an effect on milk synthesis. eight dairy cows (45 +/- 15 d in milk) were given either 0 or 2.5 g/l of his in the drinking water in a crossover design of two 7-d periods. cows were offered a corn and alfalfa silage-based total mixed ration for ad libitum intake. water was provided ad libitum to each cow in an individual auto ... | 2008 | 18832224 |
| interference of condensed tannin in lignin analyses of dry bean and forage crops. | legumes with high concentrations of condensed tannin (pinto bean [phaseolus vulgaris l.], sainfoin [onobrychis viciifolia scop.], and big trefoil [lotus uliginosus hoff.]), were compared to a selection of forages, with low or zero condensed tannin (smooth bromegrass [ bromus inermis leyss], lotus japonicus [regel] k. larsen, and alfalfa [medicago sativa l.]), using four methods to estimate fiber or lignin. protocols were validated by using semipurified condensed tannin polymers in adulteration a ... | 2008 | 18841900 |
| potential application of high hydrostatic pressure to eliminate escherichia coli o157:h7 on alfalfa sprouted seeds. | sprouts eaten raw are increasingly being perceived as hazardous foods as they have been implicated in escherichia coli o157:h7 outbreaks where the seeds were found to be the likely source of contamination. the objective of our study was to evaluate the potential of using high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) technology for alfalfa seed decontamination. alfalfa seeds inoculated with a cocktail of five strains of e. coli o157:h7 were subjected to pressures of 500 and 600 mpa for 2 min at 20 degrees c in ... | 2008 | 18954917 |
| influence of different sinorhizobium meliloti inocula on abundance of genes involved in nitrogen transformations in the rhizosphere of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). | inoculation of leguminous seeds with selected rhizobial strains is practised in agriculture to ameliorate the plant yield by enhanced root nodulation and nitrogen uptake of the plant. however, effective symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia does not only depend on the capacity of nitrogen fixation but also on the entire nitrogen turnover in the rhizosphere. we investigated the influence of seed inoculation with two indigenous sinorhizobium meliloti strains exhibiting different efficiency concer ... | 2008 | 18973619 |
| down-regulated expression of plant-specific glycoepitopes in alfalfa. | summary: compared with other plant expression systems used for pharmaceutical protein production, alfalfa offers the advantage of very homogeneous n-glycosylation. therefore, this plant was selected for further attempts at glycoengineering. two main approaches were developed in order to humanize n-glycosylation in alfalfa. the first was a knock-down of two plant-specific n-glycan maturation enzymes, beta1,2-xylosyltransferase and alpha1,3-fucosyltransferases, using sense, antisense and rna inter ... | 2008 | 18498310 |
| evaluation of sample preparation methods for the isolation of salmonella from alfalfa and mung bean seeds with the bacteriological analytical manual's salmonella culture method. | five pre-enrichment methods were evaluated for effectiveness with the u.s. food and drug administration's bacteriological analytical manual salmonella culture method in recovering s. stanley, s. poona, and s. muenchen from artificially contaminated alfalfa seeds, and s. saintpaul, s. anatum, and s. infantis from artificially contaminated mung bean seeds. the methods included: (1) soak.--test portions were inoculated into pre-enrichment media; (2) rinse.--test portions were rinsed with pre-enrich ... | 2008 | 18980122 |
| engineering of plant polyketide biosynthesis. | a growing number of functionally divergent the chalcone synthase (chs) superfamily type iii polyketide synthases (pkss) have been cloned and characterized, which include recently obtained pentaketide chromone synthase (pcs) and octaketide synthase (oks) from aloe (aloe arborescens). recombinant pcs expressed in escherichia coli catalyzes iterative condensations of five molecules of malonyl-coa to produce a pentaketide, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-methylchromone, while oks carries out sequential condensation ... | 2008 | 18981598 |
| mesorhizobium gobiense sp. nov. and mesorhizobium tarimense sp. nov., isolated from wild legumes growing in desert soils of xinjiang, china. | twenty-four mesorhizobium strains were isolated from desert soils in the xinjiang region of china and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. these strains grouped into three clusters in igs-rflp, sds-page analysis of whole-cell proteins and box-pcr analysis, corresponding to genomic species v, vi and vii as found in a previous study. the results were supported by sequencing analyses of rrs, igs, atpd and reca genes. genospecies vii was most related to mesorhizobium septentrionale, while ge ... | 2008 | 18984702 |
| tobacco mosaic virus 126-kda protein increases the susceptibility of nicotiana tabacum to other viruses and its dosage affects virus-induced gene silencing. | the tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) 126-kda protein is a suppressor of rna silencing previously shown to delay the silencing of transgenes in nicotiana tabacum and n. benthamiana. here, we demonstrate that expression of a 126-kda protein-green fluorescent protein (gfp) fusion (126-gfp) in n. tabacum increases susceptibility to a broad assortment of viruses, including alfalfa mosaic virus, brome mosaic virus, tobacco rattle virus (trv), and potato virus x. given its ability to enhance trv infection in ... | 2008 | 18986250 |
| peanut cross-reacting allergens in seeds and sprouts of a range of legumes. | recently, peanut-allergic patients have reported symptoms upon ingestion of bean sprouts produced from various legumes. | 2008 | 19016804 |
| a mutant glnd nitrogen sensor protein leads to a nitrogen-fixing but ineffective sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis with alfalfa. | the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between rhizobia and legume plants is a model of coevolved nutritional complementation. the plants reduce atmospheric co(2) by photosynthesis and provide carbon compounds to symbiotically associated bacteria; the rhizobia use these compounds to reduce (fix) atmospheric n(2) to ammonia, a form of nitrogen the plants can use. a key feature of symbiotic n(2) fixation is that n(2) fixation is uncoupled from bacterial nitrogen stress metabolism so that the rhizobia gener ... | 2008 | 19020095 |
| multiple-species natural enemy approach for biological control of alfalfa snout beetle (coleoptera: curculionidae) using entomopathogenic nematodes. | multiple-species natural enemy approach for the biological control of the alfalfa snout beetle, otiorhynchus ligustici (l.) (coleoptera: curculionidae), was compared with using single-species of natural enemies in the alfalfa ecosystem by using entomopathogenic nematodes with different dispersal and foraging behaviors. steinernema carpocapsae ny001 (ambush nematode), heterorhabditis bacteriophora oswego (cruiser nematode), and steinernema feltiae valko (intermediate nematode) were applied in sin ... | 2008 | 18950034 |
| the effect of mushroom and pokeweed extract on salmonella, egg production, and weight loss in molting hens. | an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of mushroom and pokeweed extract alone or in combination with alfalfa meal on salmonella spp. population, egg production, and weight loss in laying hens during a 10-d molting period. the trial used 54 active laying hens approximately 77 wk of age that were naturally infected with salmonella spp. the layers were subjected to 1 of 9 treatment groups, replicated 3 times with 2 hens per replicate cage. the treatment conditions were as follows: 1) f ... | 2008 | 19038799 |
| corn silage partially replacing short alfalfa hay to optimize forage use in total mixed rations for lactating cows. | we theorized that adding corn silage to a total mixed ration with alfalfa hay as the sole dietary forage would improve nutrient intake and chewing activity and thereby improve rumen fermentation and milk production. the objective of this research was to determine the effects of partial replacement of short alfalfa [physically effective (pe) neutral detergent fiber (ndf) >1.18 mm (pendf(>1.18)) = 33.2%] with corn silage (cs, pendf(>1.18) = 51.9%) in yellow grease-supplemented total mixed rations ... | 2008 | 19038951 |
| a blend of essential plant oils used as an additive to alter silage fermentation or used as a feed additive for lactating dairy cows. | a blend of essential plant oils was evaluated for its effects on silage fermentation and animal performance. in the first experiment, the blend of essential oils was mixed with freshly chopped whole-plant corn to achieve a concentration of 0, 40, or 80 mg of active product per kilogram of fresh forage weight. whole-plant corn was also mixed with a buffered propionic acid-based product at 0.2% of fresh forage weight. the blend of essential oils did not affect the populations of yeasts, molds, lac ... | 2008 | 19038954 |
| effect on production of replacing dietary starch with sucrose in lactating dairy cows. | replacing dietary starch with sugar has been reported to improve production in dairy cows. two sets of 24 holstein cows averaging 41 kg/d of milk were fed a covariate diet, blocked by days in milk, and randomly assigned in 2 phases to 4 groups of 6 cows each. cows were fed experimental diets containing [dry matter (dm) basis]: 39% alfalfa silage, 21% corn silage, 21% rolled high-moisture shelled corn, 9% soybean meal, 2% fat, 1% vitamin-mineral supplement, 7.5% supplemental nonstructural carbohy ... | 2008 | 19038955 |