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the opportunistic pathogen propionibacterium acnes: insights into typing, human disease, clonal diversification and camp factor evolution.we previously described a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme based on eight genes that facilitates population genetic and evolutionary analysis of p. acnes. while mlst is a portable method for unambiguous typing of bacteria, it is expensive and labour intensive. against this background, we now describe a refined version of this scheme based on two housekeeping (aroe; guaa) and two putative virulence (tly; camp2) genes (mlst4) that correctly predicted the phylogroup (ia1, ia2, ib, ic, ii, i ...201324058439
propionibacterium acnes induces il-1β secretion via the nlrp3 inflammasome in human monocytes.propionibacterium acnes induction of inflammatory responses is a major etiological factor contributing to the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. in particular, the il-1 family of cytokines has a critical role in both initiation of acne lesions and in the inflammatory response in acne. in this study, we demonstrated that human monocytes respond to p. acnes and secrete mature il-1β partially via the nlrp3-mediated pathway. when monocytes were stimulated with live p. acnes, caspase-1 and caspase-5 gene ...201323884315
the microbiome of the middle meatus in healthy adults.rhinitis and rhinosinusitis are multifactorial disease processes in which bacteria may play a role either in infection or stimulation of the inflammatory process. rhinosinusitis has been historically studied with culture-based techniques, which have implicated several common pathogens in disease states. more recently, the nih human microbiome project has examined the microbiome at a number of accessible body sites, and demonstrated differences among healthy and diseased patients. recent dna-base ...201324386477
calcarides a-e, antibacterial macrocyclic and linear polyesters from a calcarisporium strain.bioactive compounds were detected in crude extracts of the fungus, calcarisporium sp. kf525, which was isolated from german wadden sea water samples. purification of the metabolites from the extracts yielded the five known polyesters, 15g256α, α-2, β, β-2 and π (1-5), and five new derivatives thereof, named calcarides a-e (6-10). the chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of one- and two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy supported by uv and hresims data. the compou ...201323994907
the in vitro anti-acne activity of two unani drugs.acne is the most common disorder treated by dermatologists. as many as 80-90% of all adolescents have some type of acne and 30% of them require medical treatment. it is an inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by the formation of open and closed comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts.201325161328
brain abscess induced by propionibacterium acnes in a patient with severe chronic sinusitis.propionibacterium acnes has long been considered a contaminant organism. however, recently the isolation of this emerging pathogen has become a more difficult clinical challenge. infections of the central nervous system caused by p. acnes have been strongly associated with neurosurgical procedures. we describe a patient with propionibacterium acnes cerebral abscess developed as consequence of a severe chronic sinus disease.201323912875
clinical meaning of unexpected positive cultures (upc) in revision shoulder arthroplasty.this study analyzed the prevalence and clinical meaning of unexpected positive cultures (upcs) in revision shoulder arthroplasty for causes different than infection.201322981448
propionibacterium acnes: an underestimated etiology in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis?propionibacterium acnes is a common pathogen in infections after shoulder surgery. recent reports found positive p acnes cultures in a high percentage of patients who had revision shoulder arthroplasty for "aseptic loosening" without any overt signs of infection. isolation of p acnes is difficult, and by use of conventional microbiological protocols of 48-hour incubation, a considerable proportion of patients with possible p acnes infection may remain unidentified. we recently noted p acnes in s ...201322981447
microbial contamination assessment of cryostored autogenous cranial bone flaps: should bone biopsies or swabs be performed?autogenous cranioplasty infection requiring bone flap removal is under-recognised as a major complication causing significant morbidity. microbial contamination of stored bone flaps may be a significant contributing factor. current infection control practices and storage procedures vary. it is not known whether 'superficial' swabs or bone cultures provide a more accurate assessment.201323053290
in vitro emergence of rifampicin resistance in propionibacterium acnes and molecular characterization of mutations in the rpob gene.activity of rifampicin against propionibacterium acnes biofilms was recently demonstrated, but rifampicin resistance has not yet been described in this organism. we investigated the in vitro emergence of rifampicin resistance in p. acnes and characterized its molecular background.201323115111
epigallocatechin-3-gallate improves acne in humans by modulating intracellular molecular targets and inhibiting p. acnes.acne vulgaris is a highly prevalent skin disorder characterized by hyperseborrhea, inflammation, and propionibacterium acnes overgrowth. only isotretinoin and hormonal therapy reduce sebum production. to identify a new drug candidate that modulates sebum, we examined the effects of egcg, the major polyphenol in green tea, on human seb-1 sebocytes and in patients with acne. in seb-1 sebocytes, we found that egcg reduced sebum by modulating the ampk-srebp-1 signaling pathway. egcg also reduces inf ...201323096708
antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of chitosan-alginate nanoparticles: a targeted therapy for cutaneous pathogens.advances in nanotechnology have demonstrated potential application of nanoparticles (nps) for effective and targeted drug delivery. here we investigated the antimicrobial and immunological properties and the feasibility of using nps to deliver antimicrobial agents to treat a cutaneous pathogen. nps synthesized with chitosan and alginate demonstrated a direct antimicrobial activity in vitro against propionibacterium acnes, the bacterium linked to the pathogenesis of acne. by electron microscopy ( ...201323190896
multilocus sequence typing (mlst) analysis of propionibacterium acnes isolates from radical prostatectomy specimens.inflammation is commonly observed in radical prostatectomy specimens, and evidence suggests that inflammation may contribute to prostate carcinogenesis. multiple microorganisms have been implicated in serving as a stimulus for prostatic inflammation. the pro-inflammatory anaerobe, propionibacterium acnes, is ubiquitously found on human skin and is associated with the skin disease acne vulgaris. recent studies have shown that p. acnes can be detected in prostatectomy specimens by bacterial cultur ...201323184509
epidemiology of acne vulgaris.despite acne being an almost universal condition in younger people, relatively little is known about its epidemiology. we sought to review what is known about the distribution and causes of acne by conducting a systematic review of relevant epidemiological studies. we searched medline and embase to the end of november 2011. the role of propionibacterium acnes in pathogenesis is unclear: antibiotics have a direct antimicrobial as well as an anti-inflammatory effect. moderate-to-severe acne affect ...201323210645
the fate of elbows with unexpected positive intraoperative cultures during revision elbow arthroplasty.an intraoperative culture sample obtained during revision elbow arthroplasty that is unexpectedly positive poses a dilemma for the surgeon. the purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence of positive cultures during revision elbow arthroplasty when infection is not suspected preoperatively, and the long-term implications of these positive cultures.201323235940
porphyrin metabolisms in human skin commensal propionibacterium acnes bacteria: potential application to monitor human radiation risk.propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes), a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, is a commensal organism in human skin. like human cells, the bacteria produce porphyrins, which exhibit fluorescence properties and make bacteria visible with a wood's lamp. in this review, we compare the porphyrin biosynthesis in humans and p. acnes. also, since p. acnes living on the surface of skin receive the same radiation exposure as humans, we envision that the changes in porphyrin profiles (the absorption spectra an ...201323231351
chitosan against cutaneous pathogens.propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus aureus are cutaneous pathogens that have become increasingly resistant to antibiotics. we sought to determine if chitosan, a polymer of deacetylated chitin, could be used as a potential treatment against these bacteria. we found that higher molecular weight chitosan had superior antimicrobial properties compared to lower molecular weights, and that this activity occurred in a ph dependent manner. electron and fluorescence microscopy revealed that chitos ...201323829873
trends of sapho therapy: should we be content?the interventional studies with bone biopsy of the sapho lesions and microbiological investigation are a significant addition to a long range of publications showing an association of sapho with propionibacterium acnes. infectious agents isolated from sapho patients have merited special attention for many years. their possible etiological role is supported by the pathogen isolation from different sites: anterior chest wall, spine, synovial fluid, bone tissue, and skin pustules. a range of pathog ...201325198365
the immune response in sapho syndrome: deficiency, hyper- responsiveness, or both?the pathophysiology of sapho syndrome still remains to be determined. however, like in other forms of spondylarthritides, this rare condition seems to result from the combination of genetic, environmental and immunological factors. surely, sapho syndrome cannot be simply regarded as the adult form of the 'caricatural' dira (deficiency in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) syndrome, although this purely genetic disease also causes multiple osteomyelitis and pustular rashes. an initial bacterial t ...201325198361
c(22)-steroidal lactone glycosides from stems and leaves of paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis.further phytochemical investigation on the stems and leaves of paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis has led to the isolation of three c(22)-steroidal lactone glycosides. two of these are new compounds, designated as chonglouoside sl-7 (1) and chonglouoside sl-8 (2). their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, as well as comparison with the reported spectroscopic data. this is the first report of c(22)-steroidal lactone glycosides isolated from the paris genus. ...201323262268
a 7-year retrospective review from 2005 to 2011 of propionibacterium acnes shoulder infections in ottawa, ontario, canada.this study evaluated the clinical factors associated with propionibacterium acnes shoulder infection and the standard culture procedures for isolating p. acnes from shoulder specimens by a 7-year retrospective analysis. p. acnes was incriminated as the second most common pathogen in 17 of 80 patients with positive shoulder cultures. all of the 17 patients had prior shoulder implant. the cumulative rates for isolating p. acnes were 1.9%, 1.9%, 41.9%, 96.4%, and 100% at day 1 to day 5 of incubatio ...201323246074
primary granulomatous angiitis of the cns preferentially involving small veins with a granulomatous leukoencephalitis-like lesion in the cerebrum.we have reported an autopsy case of primary granulomatous angiitis of the cns preferentially involving the small veins with a granulomatous leukoencepalitis-like lesion in the cerebral white matter of a 48-year-old man. the latter lesion was ischemic necrosis due to circumferential multiple perivenous granulomas in the adjacent virchow-robin space. multifocal progressive involvement of venular adventitia by granulomas, leaving behind mural fibrosis and luminal stenosis, was related clinically to ...201323279573
in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns of propionibacterium acnes isolated from acne patients: an egyptian university hospital-based study.antibiotics have been used for more than 40 years against propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes), the most common agent of acne. antibiotic resistance to this bacterium becomes a worldwide problem in recent years. no studies are available on antibiotic susceptibility patterns of p. acnes among egyptian acne patients.201323279041
propionibacterium acnes activates caspase-1 in human neutrophils.propionibacterium acnes is a gram-positive, slow-growing, anaerobic bacillus, predominantly found as a commensal on the skin and mucous membranes of adults. it is, however, also considered an opportunistic pathogen; mostly associated with acne vulgaris, but rarely also with severe infections such as infective endocarditis, prosthetic joint infections, and deep sternal wound infections following cardiothoracic surgery. in addition, p. acnes has recently been found in high frequency in prostate ti ...201323278288
microbial flora of cochlear implants by gene pyrosequencing.to describe the microbial flora associated with cochlear implants (cis) removed for infectious and noninfectious indications.201323921938
periprosthetic shoulder infection.shoulder arthroplasty is considered the most effective surgical procedure for endstage shoulder pain from different causes including osteoarthritis, cuff-tear arthropathy, trauma, and tumors. although uncommon and less frequent than knee or hip periprosthetic infection, periprosthetic shoulder infection represents a devastating complication and, despite treatment, is associated with unsatisfactory results. the most commonly identified microorganisms in periprosthetic shoulder infections are stap ...201323919098
topical antimicrobial protection of postoperative surgical sites at risk of infection with propionibacterium acnes: an in-vitro study.propionibacterium acnes is an increasingly recognized pathogen in surgical site infections, particularly in relation to joint replacements and spinal procedures. due to its low virulence and slow-growing nature, clinical signs of infection may be prolonged, and diagnosis is often challenging. as a consequence, appropriate presurgical skin preparation and postsurgical protection of the wound using antimicrobial dressings are important considerations in the prevention of surgical site infections c ...201323375548
prevalence of intraoperative tissue bacterial contamination in posterior pediatric spinal deformity surgery.retrospective case control study.201323370682
percutaneous absorption and antibacterial activities of lipid nanocarriers loaded with dual drugs for acne treatment.the aim of this study was to develop lipid nanocarriers that combine tretinoin and tetracycline for the efficient topical delivery to treat acne vulgaris. two different nanocarriers, nanoemulsions (nes) and nanostructured lipid carriers (nlcs), were prepared, and we examined their average size, zeta potential, drug encapsulation percentage, and drug permeation via the skin. the antibacterial activities of the nanosystems against staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and propionibacteriu ...201323370356
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis complicating propionibacterium acnes infection.propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) is a common microbe of the skin and mucosal surfaces rarely considered a true pathogen. however, it has been reported to cause serious infections. subsequent ongoing low-grade antigenaemia may, in turn, lead to an immune-mediated glomerulonephritis with various renal histologies including that of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (mpgn).201327818749
reply to "anaerobic thioglycolate broth culture for recovery of propionibacterium acnes from shoulder tissue and fluid specimens". 201323355725
anaerobic thioglycolate broth culture for recovery of propionibacterium acnes from shoulder tissue and fluid specimens. 201323355724
propionibacterium acnes strain populations in the human skin microbiome associated with acne.the human skin microbiome has important roles in skin health and disease. however, bacterial population structure and diversity at the strain level is poorly understood. we compared the skin microbiome at the strain level and genome level of propionibacterium acnes, a dominant skin commensal, between 49 acne patients and 52 healthy individuals by sampling the pilosebaceous units on their noses. metagenomic analysis demonstrated that although the relative abundances of p. acnes were similar, the ...201323337890
successful clinical use of daptomycin-impregnated bone cement in two-stage revision hip surgery for prosthetic joint infection.to describe the safe and successful use of daptomycin-impregnated polymethyl methacrylate (pmma) bone cement in the treatment of a case of recurrent prosthetic joint infection in a patient with multiple antibiotic allergies and past colonization with multiply antibiotic-resistant organisms.201323324502
characteristics of infections associated with external ventricular drains of cerebrospinal fluid.manifestations of external ventricular drain (evd) - associated infections overlap with those of the underlying neurosurgical conditions. we analyzed characteristics of evd-associated infections.201323313468
analysis of distribution patterns of propionibacterium acnes phylotypes and peptostreptococcus species from acne lesions.the precise roles of propionibacterium acnes and other anaerobic bacteria in the pathogenesis of acne are still unclear. recent studies have shown that p. acnes can be further classified into several phylotypes with distinct phenotypes and virulence. their distribution patterns in acne lesions have rarely been demonstrated.201323795647
etiologic link between sarcoidosis and propionibacterium acnes.propionibacterium acnes is the only microorganism isolated from sarcoid lesions by bacterial culture. numerous p. acnes genomes are found in lymph node samples from japanese and european patients with sarcoidosis, whereas a few genomes are found in some non-sarcoid samples. the high frequency and specificity of detecting p. acnes within sarcoid granulomas suggests that this indigenous bacterium causes granuloma formation in many patients with sarcoidosis. p. acnes is the most common commensal ba ...201323790733
response to the commentaries on the paper: propionibacterium acnes strain populations in the human skin microbiome associated with acne. 201323774528
analysis of complete genomes of propionibacterium acnes reveals a novel plasmid and increased pseudogenes in an acne associated strain.the human skin harbors a diverse community of bacteria, including the gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium propionibacterium acnes. p. acnes has historically been linked to the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris, a common skin disease affecting over 80% of all adolescents in the us. to gain insight into potential p. acnes pathogenic mechanisms, we previously sequenced the complete genome of a p. acnes strain hl096pa1 that is highly associated with acne. in this study, we compared its genome to the firs ...201323762865
a honey trap for the treatment of acne: manipulating the follicular microenvironment to control propionibacterium acnes.today, as 40 years ago, we still rely on a limited number of antibiotics and benzoyl peroxide to treat inflammatory acne. an alternative way of suppressing the growth of propionibacterium acnes is to target the environment in which it thrives. we conjecture that p. acnes colonises a relatively "extreme" habitat especially in relation to the availability of water and possibly related factors such as ionic strength and osmolarity. we hypothesise that the limiting "nutrient" within pilosebaceous fo ...201323762853
a novel topical ingredient derived from seaweed significantly reduces symptoms of acne vulgaris: a general literature review.currently, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, and retinoids are the mainstay topical treatments for acne vulgaris. however, potential benefits may be offered by natural, marine-derived ingredients, such as those derived from brown seaweed (laminaria digitata). this article will review the available literature on two ingredients; "seaweed oligosaccharides," which are those derived from the polysaccharide membrane of laminaria digitata, and a novel seaweed oligosaccharide-zinc complex (sozc) (phycosac ...201323752036
cutaneous sarcoidosis with livedoid lesions: evidence of the involvement of propionibacterium acnes. 201323731481
clinical and bacteriological evaluation of adapalene 0.1% gel plus nadifloxacin 1% cream versus adapalene 0.1% gel in patients with acne vulgaris.this multicenter, randomized parallel group study investigated the efficacy and tolerability of adapalene 0.1% gel plus nadifloxacin 1% cream (combination therapy) compared with adapalene gel (monotherapy) during 12-week treatment of acne vulgaris. a total of 184 japanese patients aged above 12 years with moderate to severe acne as indicated by the japanese severity grading criteria were randomized to combination therapy (n = 84) and monotherapy (n = 100) groups, both having comparable demograph ...201323724808
what is the role of antimicrobial peptides (amp) in acne vulgaris?acne vulgaris is the most common disorder of the pilosebaceous unit leading to inflamed skin characterized by the formation of comedones, papules, pustules and scarring. there is increasing evidence that the abundance of propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) in the inflamed acne lesions triggers inflammation. therefore, in addition to treatment with retinoids, the use of antimicrobial agents has been established as a treatment option for acne. this indicates that antimicrobial mechanisms to control ...201323711061
efficacy of ozone on microorganisms in the tooth root canal.the aim of this study was to examine the effect of ozone gas on the remaining bacteria after chemomechanical instrumentation of tooth root canal. the study was carried out at the department of endodontics and restorative dentistry, school of dental medicine, university of zagreb. a total of 37 tooth root canals from 23 teeth (10 incisors, 2 canines, 8 premolars and 3 molars) with a diagnosis of chronic apical periodontitis (17 untreated teeth and 6 retreatments) from 20 adult patients (11 female ...201323697257
bacteriophages infecting propionibacterium acnes.viruses specifically infecting bacteria, or bacteriophages, are the most common biological entity in the biosphere. as such, they greatly influence bacteria, both in terms of enhancing their virulence and in terms of killing them. since the first identification of bacteriophages in the beginning of the 20th century, researchers have been fascinated by these microorganisms and their ability to eradicate bacteria. in this review, we will cover the history of the propionibacterium acnes bacteriopha ...201323691509
intracerebral abscess with dissecting pneumocephalus caused by a gas-producing gram-positive rod following craniotomy for glioblastoma multiforme resection.propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes), an indolent and slow-growing anaerobic gram-positive bacterium, has largely been known as a commensal organism of the normal skin flora. however, p. acnes is increasingly being recognized as the causative infectious organism complicating craniotomies and shunt insertions. to our knowledge, we present the first reported patient with an intracerebral abscess with dissecting pneumocephalus caused by p. acnes. a 58-year-old woman who was immunocompetent presented ...201323688444
surgery for abdominal wall pain caused by cutaneous nerve entrapment in children-a single institution experience in the last 5 years.chronic abdominal pain (cap) is a serious medical condition which needs to be approached with great attention. chronic abdominal pain may be caused by entrapment of cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves (acnes).201323682329
disordered toll-like receptor 2 responses in the pathogenesis of pulmonary sarcoidosis.in this study, we hypothesized that the granulomatous disorder sarcoidosis is not caused by a single pathogen, but rather results from abnormal responses of toll-like receptors (tlrs) to conserved bacterial elements. unsorted bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) cells from patients with suspected pulmonary sarcoidosis and healthy non-smoking control subjects were stimulated with representative ligands of tlr-2 (in both tlr-2/1 and tlr-2/6 heterodimers) and tlr-4. responses were determined by assessing r ...201323668840
in vivo treatment of propionibacterium acnes infection with liposomal lauric acids.propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) is a gram-positive bacterium strongly associated with acne infection. while many antimicrobial agents have been used in clinic to treat acne infection by targeting p. acnes, these existing anti-acne agents usually produce considerable side effects. herein, the development and evaluation of liposomal lauric acids (lipola) is reported as a new, effective and safe therapeutic agent for the treatment of acne infection. by incorporating lauric acids into the lipid b ...201323495239
dandruff is associated with disequilibrium in the proportion of the major bacterial and fungal populations colonizing the scalp.the bacterial and fungal communities associated with dandruff were investigated using culture-independent methodologies in the french subjects. the major bacterial and fungal species inhabiting the scalp subject's were identified by cloning and sequencing of the conserved ribosomal unit regions (16s for bacterial and 28s-its for fungal) and were further quantified by quantitative pcr. the two main bacterial species found on the scalp surface were propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus epider ...201323483996
a systematic review of the immune-modulators parapoxvirus ovis and propionibacterium acnes for the prevention of respiratory disease and other infections in the horse.inactivated parapoxvirus ovis (ippvo) and propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) are currently used in equine medicine as immune-modulators for prophylactic treatment or adjunct to conventional therapy in order to improve immune defences, to prevent or treat infectious diseases. their mode of action relies on a non-antigen specific interaction with the innate and/or adaptive immune responses. ippvo stimulates and regulates cytokine secretion by leucocytes, while p. acnes acts primarily through the a ...201323481655
shooting at skin propionibacterium acnes: to be or not to be on target. 201323474945
cyanoacrylate microbial sealant may reduce the prevalence of positive cultures in revision shoulder arthroplasty.cyanoacrylate-based, microbial sealant is an adhesive skin barrier designed to prevent bacterial contamination in surgical wounds. this type of adhesive barrier could have use in decreasing the incidence of positive cultures and subsequent infection in shoulder arthroplasty.201323471553
bacterial biofilms and capsular contracture in patients with breast implants.it has been hypothesized that bacterial biofilms on breast implants may cause chronic inflammation leading to capsular contracture. the association between bacterial biofilms of removed implants and capsular contracture was investigated.201323468161
microbial contamination of hematopoietic progenitor and other regenerative cells used in transplantation and regenerative medicine.microbial contamination of hematopoietic progenitor cells (hpcs) and other regenerative cells used in transplantation and regenerative medicine can occur during collection and after in vitro manipulation, including purging, cryopreservation, thawing, and infusion.201323461309
antimicrobial susceptibility of propionibacterium acnes isolates from acne patients in colombia.the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in propionibacterium acnes poses a significant challenge to successful treatment outcomes in acne patients. although p. acnes resistance has been demonstrated throughout the world, no previous data regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility of p. acnes in colombia are available.201323451873
single-stage revision for peri-prosthetic shoulder infection: outcomes and results.there have been only a few small studies of patients with an infected shoulder replacement treated with a single-stage exchange procedure. we retrospectively reviewed 35 patients (19 men and 16 women) with a peri-prosthetic infection of the shoulder who were treated in this way. a total of 26 were available for clinical examination; three had died, two were lost to follow-up and four patients had undergone revision surgery. the mean follow-up time was 4.7 years (1.1 to 13.25), with an infection- ...201323450026
enzymatically generated hydrogen peroxide reduces the number of acne lesions in acne vulgaris.a major component to the etiology of acne is the growth and invasion by propionibacterium acnes. hydrogen peroxide is an excellent antimicrobial agent but is unstable in most formulations. we have developed a hydrogen peroxide generation system using the enzyme glucose oxidase and glucose. this system is stable in a simple formulation and nonirritating. in a short-term clinical study (4 days), this formulation was effective in reducing the individual lesion size and total number of inflammatory ...201323449126
comparative evaluation of uniplex, nested, semi-nested, multiplex and nested multiplex pcr methods in the identification of microbial etiology of clinically suspected infectious endophthalmitis.this study is aimed to determine the utility of various polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods in vitreous fluids (vfs) for detecting the infectious genomes in the diagnosis of infectious endophthalmitis in terms of sensitivity and specificity.201323448514
antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of propionibacterium acnes isolated from patients with acne.propionibacterium acnes is an important target in acne management. antibiotic resistance has increased, reducing its clinical efficiency.201323432195
[endocarditis caused by propionibacterium acnes -- a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge].a 77-year-old man suffered from recurrent peripheral cerebral embolisms five months after aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis (sjm epic 25 mm).201323423937
complete genome sequence of a propionibacterium acnes isolate from a sarcoidosis patient.propionibacterium acnes is a human skin commensal that resides preferentially within sebaceous follicles and is the only microorganism that has been isolated from sarcoid lesions. we report the complete genome sequence of p. acnes, which was isolated from a japanese patient with sarcoidosis.201323405284
fermentation of propionibacterium acnes, a commensal bacterium in the human skin microbiome, as skin probiotics against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.bacterial interference creates an ecological competition between commensal and pathogenic bacteria. through fermentation of milk with gut-friendly bacteria, yogurt is an excellent aid to balance the bacteriological ecosystem in the human intestine. here, we demonstrate that fermentation of glycerol with propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes), a skin commensal bacterium, can function as a skin probiotic for in vitro and in vivo growth suppression of usa300, the most prevalent community-acquired methi ...201323405142
does nuclear tissue infected with bacteria following disc herniations lead to modic changes in the adjacent vertebrae?to investigate the prevalence of infected herniated nucleus material in lumbar disc herniations and to determine if patients with an anaerobic infected disc are more likely to develop modic change (mc) (bone oedema) in the adjacent vertebrae after the disc herniation. mcs (bone oedema) in vertebrae are observed in 6 % of the general population and in 35-40 % of people with low back pain. these changes are strongly associated with low back pain. there are probably a mechanical cause and an infect ...201323397187
bacterial infection as a likely cause of adverse reactions to polyacrylamide hydrogel fillers in cosmetic surgery.the etiology of long-lasting adverse reactions to gel fillers used in cosmetic surgery is not known. bacterial infection and immunological reaction to the product have been suggested.201323392390
a mouse model of chronic prostatic inflammation using a human prostate cancer-derived isolate of propionibacterium acnes.prostatic inflammation has been linked to a number of prostatic diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph), prostatitis syndromes, and prostate cancer. major unanswered questions include what pathogenic mechanisms, such as bacterial infections, may drive the accumulation of inflammatory infiltrates in the human prostate, and how inflammation might contribute to disease. to study this potential link in an in vivo system, we developed a mouse model of long-term bacteria-induced chronic in ...201323389852
draft genome sequences of two strains of propionibacterium acnes isolated from radical prostatectomy specimens.propionibacterium acnes is a gram-positive bacterium that is closely associated with various parts of the human body, in particular with sebaceous follicles of the skin. it has also been frequently isolated from diseased human prostates. here, we report draft genome sequences of two p. acnes strains, p6 and pa2, isolated from radical prostatectomy specimens.201324356837
role of propionibacterium acnes in sarcoidosis: a meta-analysis.to evaluate the available molecular evidence on the possible role of propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) in the development of sarcoidosis, the meta-analysis was performed.201324351617
5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol β-d-glucuronide, precursor of 5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol in human sweat.5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol (α-androstenol) is an important contributor to human axilla sweat odor. it is assumed that α-andostenol is excreted from the apocrine glands via a h2 o-soluble conjugate, and this precursor was formally characterized in this study for the first time in human sweat. the possible h2 o-soluble precursors, sulfate and glucuronide derivatives, were synthesized as analytical standards, i.e., α-androstenol, β-androstenol sulfates, 5α-androsta-5,16-dien-3β-ol (β-androstadienol) su ...201324327440
evaluation of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of less polar ginsenosides produced from polar ginsenosides by heat-transformation.ginsenosides are the major active constituents in both white and red american ginseng (ag), and their pharmacological effects on central nervous, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems have been well elucidated. however, the anti-propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) activity of them is still unknown. in this study, 5 ginsenosides enriched fractions were obtained from the total ginsenosides extract of ag roots (tag) by resin adsorption and heat-transformation. resin purification decreased the total ...201324289140
multiple splenic nodules with fever: a case of splenic abscess due to propionibacterium acnes.a 64-year-old man with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) presented in the hematology department due to remarkable leukocytosis and progressing anemia. ultrasound confirmed splenomegaly and plain computed tomography revealed multiple hypoattenuating areas in the large spleen. following a clinical diagnosis of relapse of cll, he underwent treatment with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (fc-r). after five cycles of fc-r treatment, his leukocyte count and hemoglobin level w ...201326182133
functions of the skin microbiota in health and disease.the skin, the human body's largest organ, is home to a diverse and complex variety of innate and adaptive immune functions. despite this potent immune system present at the cutaneous barrier, the skin encourages colonization by microorganisms. characterization these microbial communities has enhanced our knowledge of the ecology of organisms present in normal skin; furthermore, studies have begun to bring to light the intimate relationships shared between host and resident microbes. in particula ...201324268438
the role of the skin barrier in modulating the effects of common skin microbial species on the inflammation, differentiation and proliferation status of epidermal keratinocytes.skin resident microbial species are often thought of either as pathogenic or commensal. however, little is known about the role of the skin barrier in modulating their potential for causing disease. to investigate this question we measured the effects of three microbial species commonly found on the skin (staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus aureus, and propionibacterium acnes) on a reconstructed human epidermal model by either applying the bacteria on the model surface (intact barrier) or ...201324245826
antibacterial activity of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids against propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus aureus.new compounds are needed to treat acne and superficial infections caused by propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus aureus due to the reduced effectiveness of agents used at present. long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (lc-pufas) are attracting attention as potential new topical treatments for gram-positive infections due to their antimicrobial potency and anti-inflammatory properties. this present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of six lc-pufas against p. acnes and s. ...201324232668
bacteriological findings in radicular cyst and keratocystic odontogenic tumour fluids from asymptomatic patients.in this study the potential presence of bacteria in radicular cyst (rc) and keratocystic odontogenic tumour(kcot) fluids from clinically asymptomatic patients was investigated.201324112722
icam-1 deficiency exacerbates sarcoid-like granulomatosis induced by propionibacterium acnes through impaired il-10 production by regulatory t cells.propionibacterium acnes has been implicated as one of the suggested causative antigens for sarcoidosis, a systemic granulomatous disease. by injecting heat-killed p. acnes into the dorsal skin of c57bl/6j mice on days 1, 3, 5, and 14, sarcoid-like granulomatosis was induced in skin and lungs of these mice on day 28. to clarify the role of cell adhesion molecules in cutaneous sarcoidosis, we induced sarcoid-like granulomatosis in mice deficient of intercellular adhesion molecule (icam)-1, l-selec ...201324103557
acute post-traumatic endophthalmitis secondary to propionibacterium acnes.propionibacterium acnes has rarely been reported as the causative organism in acute endophthalmitis following penetrating ocular trauma. we report a 53-year-old man, who presented with best corrected vision of counting fingers at 2 m, <n36, in the right eye and clinical features suggestive of endophthalmitis following penetrating trauma with a tree branch 2 days earlier. conjunctival swab, aqueous and vitreous tap were sent for aerobic, anaerobic and fungal culture. the patient was treated with ...201324096075
genotypic and antimicrobial characterisation of propionibacterium acnes isolates from surgically excised lumbar disc herniations.the anaerobic skin commensal propionibacterium acnes is an underestimated cause of human infections and clinical conditions. previous studies have suggested a role for the bacterium in lumbar disc herniation and infection. to further investigate this, five biopsy samples were surgically excised from each of 64 patients with lumbar disc herniation. p. acnes and other bacteria were detected by anaerobic culture, followed by biochemical and pcr-based identification. in total, 24/64 (38%) patients h ...201324066290
effects of cosmetics containing purified honeybee (apis mellifera l.) venom on acne vulgaris.acne vulgaris is a chronic dermatologic problem with multiple factors involved in its pathogenesis. alternative solutions to acne treatment were instigated by antibiotic resistance despite of its extensive use. purified bee venom (pbv) has been proposed as a promising candidate for that purpose. the present study was designed to confirm the antibacterial effect of pbv and access the efficacy of cosmetics containing pbv in subjects with acne vulgaris.201324063779
the role of inflammation in the pathology of acne.the conventional perspective of acne pathogenesis holds that propionibacterium acnes colonizes the duct of the sebaceous follicle, causing an innate immune response and the progression from a so-called noninflammatory comedo to an inflammatory papule, pustule, or nodule. however, this viewpoint has come under increasing scrutiny over the last decade, as evidence has emerged supporting a role for inflammation at all stages of acne lesion development, perhaps subclinically even before comedo forma ...201324062871
comparative genomics reveals distinct host-interacting traits of three major human-associated propionibacteria.propionibacteria are part of the human microbiota. many studies have addressed the predominant colonizer of sebaceous follicles of the skin, propionibacterium acnes, and investigated its association with the skin disorder acne vulgaris, and lately with prostate cancer. much less is known about two other propionibacterial species frequently found on human tissue sites, propionibacterium granulosum and propionibacterium avidum. here we analyzed two and three genomes of p. granulosum and p. avidum, ...201324053623
septic nonunions of lower limb long bones: don't neglect propionibacterium acnes!we report 3 clinical cases of septic nonunions of lower limb long bones in which the pathogenicity of propionibacterium acnes was retained after several weeks of poor outcome. the patients had fractures that were treated by internal fixation, without initially suspected infection. the diagnosis of delayed union coincided with the onset of treatment. support was performed in 2 steps, allowing for the collection of several deep samples that were referred for microbiological analysis. molecular tec ...201324043669
investigation of cultivable bacteria isolated from longstanding retreatment-resistant lesions of teeth with apical periodontitis.the objective of this research was to investigate the presence of viable bacteria in tissue samples from persistent apical lesions and to correlate the microbiological findings with the histopathological diagnosis of the lesion.201324041384
a combination of improved differential and global rna-seq reveals pervasive transcription initiation and events in all stages of the life-cycle of functional rnas in propionibacterium acnes, a major contributor to wide-spread human disease.sequencing of the genome of propionibacterium acnes produced a catalogue of genes many of which enable this organism to colonise skin and survive exposure to the elements. despite this platform, there was little understanding of the gene regulation that gives rise to an organism that has a major impact on human health and wellbeing and causes infections beyond the skin. to address this situation, we have undertaken a genome-wide study of gene regulation using a combination of improved differenti ...201324034785
primary cervical osteomyelitis.cervical osteomyelitis accounts for only 3-11% of all cases of spinal osteomyelitis, and the diagnosis may be delayed. the characteristics of different pathogens causing cervical osteomyelitis are not fully understood, and there are few established guidelines for treatment.201324025539
immunotherapy for acne vulgaris: current status and future directions.there is a high unmet clinical need for new and better treatments in acne vulgaris. propionibacterium acnes has a strong proinflammatory activity and targets molecules involved in the innate cutaneous immunity, keratinocytes and sebaceous glands of the pilosebaceous follicle. the role of p. acnes in acne confers legitimacy on the possible benefits of immunization-based approaches, which may represent a solution for limiting the development of antibiotic-resistant p. acnes. various immunization-b ...201324019180
a small peptide with therapeutic potential for inflammatory acne vulgaris.a designed peptide named lz1 with 15 amino acid residues containing strong antimicrobial activity against bacteria pathogens of acne vulgaris including propionibacterium acnes, staphylococcus epidermidis and s. aureus. especially, it exerted strong anti-p. acnes ability. the minimal inhibitory concentration against three strains of p. acnes was only 0.6 µg/ml, which is 4 times lower than that of clindamycin. in experimental mice skin colonization model, lz1 significantly reduced the number of p. ...201324013774
prevalence of allograft contamination during intraoperative processing for spinal deformity correction surgery.prospective study.201327927391
bacterial epidemiology of osteoarticular infections in a referent center: 10-year study.management of osteoarticular infections combines surgical treatment with antibiotic therapy. for some teams the immediate postoperative regimen requires at least partly wide-spectrum probabilistic treatment while waiting for the microbiological results. this protocol exposes the patient to the selection of resistant bacteria and the hospital unit to a modification of its bacterial ecology. the objective of this study was to retrospectively describe the microbial epidemiology of the traumatology ...201323988422
tunel analysis of dna fragmentation in mouse unfertilized oocytes: the effect of microorganisms within human follicular fluid collected during ivf cycles.recently we reported the presence of bacteria within follicular fluid. previous studies have reported that dna fragmentation in human spermatozoa after in vivo or in vitro incubation with bacteria results in early embryo demise and a reduced rate of ongoing pregnancy, but the effect of bacteria on oocytes is unknown. this study examined the dna within mouse oocytes after 12 hours' incubation within human follicular fluids (n=5), which were collected from women undergoing in vitro fertilization ( ...201323972717
short communication: evidence that microbial translocation occurs in hiv-infected children in the united kingdom.microbial translocation (mt) from the gut is implicated in driving immune activation, increasing morbidity and mortality in hiv. we used bacterial 16s rdna pcr, sanger sequencing, and high-throughput sequencing to identify microbial dna in the bloodstream of hiv-infected children in london, united kingdom. blood samples were collected from sequential children attending the hiv clinic at great ormond street hospital, london. dna extraction, broad range 16s rdna pcr, and standard sanger sequencing ...201323972017
different strains of propionibacterium acnes modulate differently the cutaneous innate immunity.acne is a chronic inflammatory illness of the pilosebaceous follicle where innate immunity plays a central role. in acne, the density of propionibacterium acnes is increased in the pilosebaceous unit. we hypothesized that the severity of acne is not only dependent on the proliferation of p. acnes but also dependent on the pro-inflammatory potential of p. acnes strains and consequently constitutes potential triggering factor for acne scarring. we investigated pro-inflammatory potential of five di ...201323947673
propionibacterium acnes: an underestimated pathogen in implant-associated infections.the role of propionibacterium acnes in acne and in a wide range of inflammatory diseases is well established. however, p. acnes is also responsible for infections involving implants. prolonged aerobic and anaerobic agar cultures for 14 days and broth cultures increase the detection rate. in this paper, we review the pathogenic role of p. acnes in implant-associated infections such as prosthetic joints, cardiac devices, breast implants, intraocular lenses, neurosurgical devices, and spine implant ...201324308006
chronic propionibacterium acnes prosthesis joint infection manifesting as a large abscess with gas, without prosthesis loosening. 201324306630
prospective clinical evaluation of 1.5% levofloxacin ophthalmic solution in ophthalmic perioperative disinfection.gram-positive cocci and propionibacterium acnes are widely reported agents of infectious postoperative endophthalmitis. this multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the eradication effectiveness and safety profile of levofloxacin 1.5% ophthalmic solution (lvfx 1.5%) for use in perioperative disinfection.201324180629
should we start treating chronic low back pain with antibiotics rather than with pain medications?for those of us who have read the 2 recently published articles by a danish - british research group, it might appear that we are observing an impending paradigm shift on the origins of chronic low back pain. the results of this research indicate, that chronic low back pain associated with bone marrow edema in vertebral endplates that are adjacent to herniated intervertebral discs may be caused by infections with anaerobic bacteria of low virulence. according to these articles, treatment with ce ...201324155998
pustulotic arthro-osteitis associated with palmoplantar pustulosis.palmoplantar pustulosis (ppp) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by sterile pustules predominantly involving the palms and soles of middle-aged women. ppp frequently develops or exacerbates following focal infections, such as tonsillitis, odontogenic infection and sinusitis, either with or without arthralgia and/or extra-palmoplantar lesions. pustulotic arthro-osteitis (pao) is a joint comorbidity of ppp, most often affecting the anterior chest wall. pao is sometimes regarded as th ...201324127744
prosthesis failure within 2 years of implantation is highly predictive of infection.the outcome of revision surgery depends on accurate determination of the cause of prosthesis failure because treatment differs profoundly among aseptic loosening, mechanical failure, and prosthetic joint infections (pji).201323904245
simultaneous visualization of propionibacterium acnes and propionibacterium granulosum with immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization.propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) and propionibacterium granulosum (p. granulosum) are common skin colonizers that are implicated as possible contributing factors in acne vulgaris development. we have established direct visualization tools for the simultaneous detection of these closely related species with immunofluorescence assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). as proof of principle, we were able to distinguish p. acnes and p. granulosum bacteria in multi-species populations in ...201323896347
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