Publications

anaerobic bacteremia in a general hospital: retrospective five-year analysis.	anaerobic bacteremia (116 cases) represented 5.4% of the total cases of bacteremia in the hospital nuestra señora de covadonga of oviedo, spain, during a five-year period (1981-1985). microbiologic data for all 116 cases and clinical data for 63 patients were analyzed. a total of 129 isolates were identified as gram-negative bacilli (45.7%), gram-positive bacilli (38.0%), gram-positive cocci (14.0%), and gram-negative cocci (2.3%). bacteroides fragilis and clostridium perfringens were the most f ...	1987	3685759
interferon pretreatment enhances the sensitivity of vero cells to clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin.	treatment of vero (african green monkey kidney) cells with interferon (ifn) before the addition of clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin (cpe) significantly increased the sensitivity of these cells to cpe. ifn pretreatment caused a subsequent two- to four-fold increase in cpe-induced membrane permeability alterations and also decreased the time of cpe treatment required before the onset of permeability alterations and morphologic damage. enhancement of cpe activity was dependent on the amou ...	1987	3143038
bacterial meningitis and diseases caused by bacterial toxins.	bacterial meningitis most commonly occurs in young calves secondary to septicemia. clinical signs of hyperirritability are usually seen. meningitis can be confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid analysis and culture or by necropsy. intoxications by the exotoxins of clostridium perfringens types c and d, c. botulinum, and c. tetani are difficult to confirm. the clinical signs of these intoxications vary from flaccid paralysis (botulism) to muscular rigidity (tetanus). treatment of affected cattle has be ...	1987	3552152
massive acute hemolysis secondary to clostridium perfringens sepsis in a recently transfused oncology patient with multiple alloantibodies.	sepsis with clostridia species is seen infrequently in oncology patients, and the massive acute intravascular hemolysis known to be associated with these organisms is rare. the urgency of making the diagnosis of clostridial sepsis is imperative since the course is rapidly fatal if untreated. we describe a patient with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, known to have recent transfusions as well as multiple red cell alloantibodies, who developed massive nonimmunologic hemolysis associated ...	1987	3561329
clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin induces release of noradrenaline from the neurosecretory pc12 cell line.	clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin(500 ng/ml) induced extensive release of noradrenaline (1/3-2/3 of the total cell content) from pc12 cells in 2-4 min in the presence, but not the absence of extracellular ca2+. cells treated with toxin in the absence of ca2+ released noradrenaline promptly on subsequent addition of ca2+ to the medium. the amount of noradrenaline released depended on the concentrations of both ca2+ and toxin in the medium (ed50, 0.3 mm and 420 ng/ml respectively). ca2+ c ...	1987	3579904
effect of water coagulation by seeds of moringa oleifera on bacterial concentrations.	the effects of a sudanese water purification method traditionally used in sudan to treat turbid waters were studied with respect to turbidity reduction and removal of faecal indicator bacteria as well as selected enteric bacterial pathogens. water treatment was performed at 30 degrees c with moringa oleifera seed material as a coagulant, and the technique employed corresponded closely to that used to clarify turbid water in sudanese villages. a turbidity reduction of 80.0-99.5% paralleled by a p ...	1987	3586089
phospholipase c and the physical states of polar head groups of lipids.	activity of phospholipase c from clostridium perfringens on liposomes made from sn-3-phosphatidylcholine, dimyristoyl (dmpc), dipalmitoyl (dppc) or distearoyl (dspc) was measured at various temperatures and was correlated with their gel/liquid-crystalline phase transitions (tc:23, 41.5, 52 degrees c for dmpc, dppc, dspc, respectively). in all cases, the activity of phospholipase c was high in the gel phases of the substrates and was almost zero in their liquid-crystalline phases. fluorescence de ...	1987	3599067
bacterial survey of well water--tehran, iran.	one hundred twenty-one wells throughout the city of tehran were monitored during the four seasons of the year for the presence of bacterial indicators of fecal pollution. none of the sites monitored was connected to tehran's main water distribution system but represented drinking water sources for small communities, individual factories, hospitals, etc. only 17 samples showed no indication of fecal bacterial contamination throughout the study. the remaining sites were positive for at least one o ...	1987	3608933
epizootic necrotic enteritis in wild geese.	outbreaks of a disease characterized by severe necrotic enteritis occurred among canada geese (branta canadensis), lesser snow geese (anser caerulescens), ross' geese (a. rossi), and white-fronted geese (a. albifrons) on lakes in saskatchewan and manitoba during the autumn of 1983, 1984 and 1985. ducks using the lakes were apparently not affected. lesions in the geese closely resembled those described in enteritides in other species associated with the proliferation of clostridium perfringens in ...	1987	3625893
delayed postbacteremic prosthetic joint infection.	deep infection of a prosthetic joint is a devastating complication. one proposed mechanism of late prosthetic joint infection involves hematogenous spread from an extraarticular focus of infection. two cases clearly demonstrate hematogenously acquired prosthetic joint infections, one caused by clostridium perfringens and the other by streptococcus pneumoniae. these cases were unusual in that a long asymptomatic period intervened between the primary bacteremic illness and the subsequent prostheti ...	1987	3652575
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of t-2588, a new oral cephalosporin, compared with those of other oral beta-lactam antibiotics.	t-2588, the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of t-2525, [6r, 7r]-7-[(z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetoamido] -3- [(5-methyl-2h-tetrazol-2-yl)methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid, is a new oral cephalosporin. t-2525 had a widely expanded antibacterial spectrum against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. t-2525 was more active in vitro than cefaclor, cephalexin, and amoxicillin against members of the family enterobacteriaceae and branhamella catarrhalis. moreover, it exhibited superior in ...	1987	3499115
[effect of components of curing mixtures on the antagonistic properties of enterococci and other bacteria isolated from cured meat].	effect of sodium chloride, glucose, sodium glutamate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, sodium nitraite, ascorbic acid, sodium citrate, polyphosphates (hamine) on antagonistic activity of enterococci and various bacteria isolated from cured meat against bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, salmonella typhi-murium, salmonella cholerae-suis, staphylococcus aureus, clostridium botulinum type a, clostridium botulinum type b, clostridium botulinum type e, clostridium bifermentans, clostridium perfrin ...	1987	3506173
increased diacylglycerol levels inhibit [20-3h]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding and the glucocorticoid-mediated increase in glycerol phosphate phosphate dehydrogenase levels in c6 rat glioma cells.	i examined whether the phorbol ester-mediated inhibition of glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpdh) induction could be mimicked by raising the cellular diacylglycerol levels. phorbol ester tumor promoters and diacylglycerols activate protein kinase c. an increase in radiolabeled diacylglycerol levels in c6 rat glioma cells was observed when cells were prelabeled overnight with [3h]arachidonic acid and treated with either phospholipase c (clostridium perfringens) or 2-bromooctanoate. the increa ...	1987	3467028
surface charge of resident, elicited, and activated mouse peritoneal macrophages.	the surface charge of resident, thioglycollate-elicited, and trypanosoma cruzi-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages was analyzed using cell electrophoresis. all macrophages had a net negative surface charge. activated macrophages had a lower zeta potential and a higher isoelectrophoretic point than resident and elicited macrophages. the populations of resident, elicited, and activated macrophages were heterogeneous in terms of surface charge. the analysis of the effect of the ph of the solutio ...	1987	3468193
comparative serum bactericidal activity against test anaerobes in volunteers receiving imipenem, clindamycin, latamoxef and metronidazole.	ten healthy volunteers received on separate days the following regimens: imipenem 500 mg, clindamycin 600 mg, latamoxef 1 g, and metronidazole 500 mg. the antibiotics were given intravenously as an infusion over 15 min. blood samples were obtained before and 30 min, 1 and 6 h after the start of the infusion. serum bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities were measured against the following strains of strict anaerobes: two strains of bacteroides fragilis, one strain each of b. vulgatus, b. thet ...	1987	3471750
in vitro activity of imipenem against gram-positive anaerobic bacteria.	the in vitro activity of imipenem, a new penem antibiotic, was determined against 210 clinical gram-positive anaerobic isolates and compared with the activities of metronidazole, clindamycin, cefoxitin, moxalactam, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone and cefotiam. all investigated strains were inhibited by a 4-mg/l concentration of imipenem. cefoxitin demonstrated good activity against most strains with exception of some clostridium difficile and clostridium ramosum strains. cephalosporins were classed in ...	1987	3473047
cryptosporidiosis associated with bacterial enteritis in a goat kid.	a 7-day-old male nubian-alpine crossbred goat was examined because of listlessness, anorexia, and diarrhea. the presumptive diagnosis was severe enteritis. large numbers of clostridium perfringens and a non-pathogenic heavily encapsulated escherichia coli were isolated from the feces. cryptosporidium parvum was identified on the qualitative fecal examination. the kid improved after treatment with fluids and antibiotics.	1987	3301766
phospholipase c mimics the differential effects of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate on the colony formation and cornification of cultured normal and transformed human keratinocytes.	phorbol ester tumour promoters like phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (pma) and serum-derived factors inhibit growth and induce terminal differentiation in normal human and mouse keratinocytes but have a much reduced effect on their transformed counterparts. these observations may be relevant to potency of pma and wounding as tumour promoters in mouse epidermis. since some serum factors produced during wounding are thought to exert their effects through the production of diacylglycerol (dag-the pr ...	1987	2440613
inhibition of macromolecular synthesis by caffeine in clostridium perfringens.	caffeine (2 mg/ml) inhibited the incorporation of [14c]adenine into actively growing cells of clostridium perfringens nctc 8679 in a dose-dependent manner. also reduced by caffeine was incorporation of [14c]thymidine and 14c-labeled amino acids. no effect on guanine, uracil, adenosine, guanosine, or uridine was detected. actual incorporation of [14c]caffeine or [14c]thymine in control cultures did not occur.	1987	2444322
[creation and study of immune antigangrene preparations].		1987	2444487
comparison of clindamycin, rifampin, tetracycline, metronidazole, and penicillin for efficacy in prevention of experimental gas gangrene due to clostridium perfringens.	gas gangrene caused by clostridium perfringens is associated with significant mortality and morbidity in spite of penicillin treatment. although prompt surgical debridement has been established as the primary therapeutic objective, additional studies are needed for determination of the optimal antimicrobial therapy. in a mouse model of gas gangrene caused by clostridium perfringens, clindamycin, metronidazole, rifampin, and tetracycline were all more efficacious than penicillin (p less than .05) ...	1987	2879873
cell surface sialylation of two human tumor cell lines and its correlation with their platelet-activating activity.	the relationship between cell surface sialylation and platelet-activating activity was studied in two tumor cell lines of human origin, the sknmc neuroblastoma line and the u87mg glioblastoma line. their platelet-activating activity was evaluated in two different experimental systems, one that measures platelet aggregation and the other that quantifies platelet thrombus formation on vascular subendothelium under flow conditions. our results demonstrate that, for the sknmc line, the loss of 30% o ...	1987	2880661
[standardization and reproducibility of gas chromatographic research on the cellular fatty acids of microorganisms].		1987	2880882
molecular basis for the pathological actions of clostridium perfringens iota toxin.	clostridium perfringens type e iota toxin is composed of two separate and independent polypeptide chains that act synergistically in mouse lethal assays. the light chain is an enzyme that mono(adp-ribosyl)ates certain amino acids. the enzyme displays substantial activity when homopoly-l-arginine is used as a substrate, but it shows little activity when polyasparagine, polylysine or polyglutamic acid are used. in keeping with the properties of an adp-ribosylating enzyme, the toxin possesses the f ...	1987	2878881
identification of tn4451 and tn4452, chloramphenicol resistance transposons from clostridium perfringens.	the recombinant plasmids pjir45 and pjir97 contain the chloramphenicol resistance determinants derived from the clostridium perfringens r plasmids pip401 and pjir27, respectively. escherichia coli cultures which harbored these recombinant plasmids rapidly became chloramphenicol sensitive when grown in the absence of chloramphenicol. the loss of resistance was associated with the loss of 6.2-kilobase (kb) segments from both plasmids. detailed restriction analysis of e. coli- and c. perfringens-de ...	1987	2881919
age related variations of serum concentrations of normally occurring igg antibodies to clostridium perfringens.	in studies using indirect immunofluorescence igg antibodies to clostridium perfringens were found in sera from healthy adults. sera from 236 healthy children were examined. the normally occurring igg antibodies to c perfringens were found to have an age related variation. preliminary data suggest that they are not correlated to c perfringens alpha toxin. the antigen(s) against which the antibodies are directed is/are probably part of the cell wall, but its/their exact nature is not known.	1987	2881950
effect of antibiotics on toxin production and viability of clostridium perfringens.	we have recently reported (d.l. stevens, k.a. maier, b.m. laine, and j.e. mitten, j. infect. dis. 155:220-228, 1987) that clindamycin, rifampin, and tetracycline were more efficacious than penicillin in the treatment of fulminant gas gangrene in mice caused by clostridium perfringens. we hypothesize that antibiotic efficacy correlated with bactericidal or toxin-suppressing properties of these agents. to investigate the possibility that penicillin is only bacteriostatic against c. perfringens, we ...	1987	2882731
comparison of single and combination antimicrobial agents for prevention of experimental gas gangrene caused by clostridium perfringens.	the treatment of experimental gas gangrene caused by clostridium perfringens was investigated by using combinations of antimicrobial agents. this study demonstrated that rifampin, penicillin, metronidazole, and clindamycin were all bactericidal against standard inocula (10(5) to 10(6) cfu). these antimicrobial agents were then administered to mice beginning 30 min after intramuscular injection of 10(9) cfu of c. perfringens type a. the highest doses used produced levels of drug in blood which ex ...	1987	2882732
chemical and biological properties of acetyl derivatives of the hydroxylamino reduction products of metronidazole and dimetridazole.	metronidazole and related 5-nitroimidazoles undergo reduction of their nitro group apparently to produce such reactive species as 5-hydroxylaminoimidazoles. to define the role of these species we have sought ways to prepare them by the catalytic reduction of metronidazole, dimetridazole and flunidazole. although their respective 5-hydroxylaminoimidazoles were too unstable to be isolated directly, their o,n-diacetyl derivatives were isolable. of these, the diacetyl derivative of the hydroxylamine ...	1987	2882756
clostridium pyoarthrosis following arthroscopy.		1987	2882761
antagonistic effect exerted by three strictly anaerobic strains against various strains of clostridium perfringens in gnotobiotic rodent intestines.	our purpose was to study bacterial antagonism between a limited number of strictly anaerobic strains and clostridium perfringens in the intestinal tract of gnotobiotic rodents. gnotobiotic mice harboring a bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a fusobacterium necrogenes, and a clostridium sp. strain were protected against pathogenic b, c, and d c. perfringens serotypes. a drastic antagonistic effect of this three-strain association was also observed against a nonpathogenic c. perfringens serotype a (cpa ...	1987	2882830
clostridium perfringens brain infection following a penetration wound of the orbit.		1987	2883262
massive hemolysis in clostridium perfringens infections.	over a 14-month period at the cleveland clinic foundation, 424 strains of clostridium were isolated; of these, 52 strains were clostridium perfringens isolated from 41 patients. eight strains of c. perfringens were isolated from the blood of six patients; five of these patients had neoplastic disease and three developed massive intravascular hemolysis with rapidly developing shock and death. clinical details are given on three patients with fatal clostridium perfringens sepsis, and the nature of ...	1987	2883342
studies on nitrate reductase of clostridium perfringens. iv. identification of metals, molybdenum cofactor, and iron-sulfur cluster.	nitrate reductase of clostridium perfringens was purified by an improved method using immuno-affinity chromatography. the purified preparation contained mo, fe, and acid-labile sulfide; the mo content was 1 mol per mol and the fe 3.7 mol per mol of the enzyme. the inactive enzyme obtained from cells grown in the presence of tungstate did not hold mo but contained 1 mol of w. the content of fe was not increased. the presence of molybdenum cofactor in the nitrate reductase was indicated by the for ...	1987	2884214
a hypothesis concerning clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin (cpe) and sudden infant death syndrome (sids).	this study identifies the presence of clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin (cpe) in some gastrointestinal and serum samples from babies who had died of the sudden infant death syndrome (sids) and other causes. on occasion antibodies to this toxin were identified in sera. cpe is parasympathomimetic in its action. in the adult food poisoning model it is produced when the organism sporulates in vivo. this leads to speculation as to whether this toxin may play an ante-mortem role in the dying ...	1987	2884556
purification of the alpha toxin of clostridium perfringens type a by ultrafiltration and gel chromatography.	clostridium perfringens type a toxin produced in jayko & lichstein medium was subjected to various concentration and purification procedures. the results obtained with 3 different ultrafiltration membranes followed by gel filtration showed that by using millipore psed ohv10 and amicon xm-100 filter membranes in combination, a three-hundred-and-fivefold purification could be achieved as against a twelvefold increase obtained with ammonium sulphate/acetone precipitation. the lecitovitelin test was ...	1987	2884611
detection of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin by elisa.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been developed as an alternative to neutralisation tests in mice to detect clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin in the intestinal contents of animals which have died from suspected enterotoxaemia. the test was sensitive and quantitative and gave excellent agreement with the mouse protection test.	1987	2884704
the inactivation of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin by treatment with tetranitromethane and n-acetylimidazole.	when one residue of tyrosine per molecule of epsilon toxin was nitrated by tetranitromethane, the modified toxin lost more than 90% of its original activity. the toxin also was inactivated by treatment with n-acetylimidazole. the lethality was restored when the inactive n-acetylimidazole-treated toxin was treated with hydroxylamine. the inactive n-acetylimidazole-treated toxin was not nitrated by tetranitromethane under conditions where one residue of tyr per molecule of the untreated toxin is n ...	1987	2884756
[gas gangrene].		1987	2884785
severe clostridium infection following perforation of the uterus in a patient with an ectopic pregnancy.	twenty-eight hours after co2 insufflation and curettage in a 26 year old, haemolysis, jaundice and anuria developed. as an ectopic pregnancy was also suspected, a diagnostic laparoscopy was done and was followed by a hysterectomy and left salpingo-oophorectomy before clostridium perfringens was grown on culture. the survival of the patient despite clostridial infection is probably due to immediate surgical treatment and intensive post-operative care.	1987	2884930
purification and kinetic properties of sialidase from clostridium perfringens.	clostridium perfringens sialidase was isolated from a culture medium of bacterial cells by ammonium sulfate precipitation (42-85%), followed by purification through sephadex g-75 gel chromatography, deae a-50 anion exchange chromatography, fplc medium pressure anion exchange chromatography and finally fplc medium pressure isochromatofocussing. from 9 l culture medium 1.17 mg sialidase was isolated with a specific activity of 295 u/mg. the enzyme appeared to be homogeneous by analytical polyacryl ...	1987	2885013
clostridium perfringens as the cause of death of a captive atlantic bottlenosed dolphin (tursiops truncatus).	a previously healthy captive female bottlenosed dolphin (tursiops truncatus) died suddenly. at necropsy, clostridium perfringens was isolated from dorsal muscle, blood, left heart ventricle, thoracic fluid, and abdominal fluid. an identical strain was recovered from pool water. a male dolphin in the same pool had inflicted several "rake" marks on the dorsal surface of the female. water-borne bacteria probably entered these lesions which served as the focus for anaerobe penetration and spread.	1987	2887668
enteritis necroticans among khmer children at an evacuation site in thailand.	a severe illness characterised by bloody diarrhoea and intestinal dysfunction was recognised at an evacuation site on the thai-kampuchean border. from june, 1985, to july, 1986, the illness occurred in 62 khmer children aged 10 months to 10 years (mean 4 years); it was characterised by bloody diarrhoea (94%), fever (90%), and abdominal pain (78%). the overall mortality rate was 58%. among 16 children who died and underwent necropsy, small-intestinal necrosis of varying severity was found; in 5 o ...	1987	2887787
effect of infection with eimeria tenella upon the cecal bacterial population in monoflora chickens.	monoflora chickens were established at 2 days of age by an oral inoculation with one of six species of bacteria (lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium thermophilum, bacteroides vulgatus, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, or streptococcus faecalis) and were infected with eimeria tenella (5 x 10(4) oocysts per bird) 2 days later. there were two experimental groups for each bacterium: birds infected with bacteria alone and birds infected with a combination of bacteria and e. tenella. ...	1987	2888103
t activation haemolysis and death after blood transfusion.	a 30 week gestation infant developed necrotising enterocolitis associated with clostridium perfringens septicaemia at 3 weeks of age. he responded to treatment with intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and blood, but his blood haemolysed. because of anaemia further blood was given, but, within minutes he died. examination of his red cells showed an increase in t activation.	1987	2888436
role of the essential thiol group in the thiol-activated cytolysin from clostridium perfringens.	a hemolysin, 0-toxin, produced by clostridium perfringens has one cysteinyl residue in the free thiol form which is essential for its hemolytic activity. the cysteinyl residue was shown to be located at a position about 5 kda from the c terminus of the molecule by the method of cysteine-specific chemical cleavage. modification of the residue with a thiol-blocking agent, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), reduced the binding affinity of the toxin to sheep erythrocytes to 1/100 that of intact to ...	1987	2888650
[microbial inhibitors of phospholipase c].	inhibitors of the clostridium perfringens phospholipase c were prepared from the filtrates of the culture liquids of streptomyces saracetidus and streptomyces species using soluble and cross-linked polyelectrolytes. the technological scheme of isolation involves ultrafiltration. the inhibitors produced by the two strains had different chemical nature. the preparation obtained from str. saraceticus was proved to be a complex of inhibitors that were separated by gel-chromatography into a major pol ...	1987	2889205
[in vitro activity of mezlocillin on bacterial adhesion, phagocytosis and haemoagglutination of several anaerobic germs].		1987	2889247
comparison of faecal florae in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and controls.	the faecal flora of 25 out-patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (ra) was compared with that of 25 age- and sex-matched controls. a comprehensive survey revealed a significantly higher carriage rate of clostridium perfringens in the ra population (88%) than controls (48%) (p less than 0.01). coliform counts also tended to be higher, but there were no other significant differences between patients and controls. when the study was enlarged to include a further 113 ra patients with variable dis ...	1987	2889500
effects of sulphasalazine on faecal flora in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison with penicillamine.	twenty-six out-patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (ra) were randomly allocated to treatment with sulphasalazine (sasp) or d-penicillamine (dpa). faecal samples were collected from all patients at 4-weekly intervals and examined for changes in faecal flora during treatment. both treatment groups showed substantial clinical improvement. in the sasp-treated group this was accompanied by significant falls in counts of cl. perfringens and e. coli. no such changes were seen in the dpa-treated g ...	1987	2889501
[hygienic evaluation of the methods for utilizing wastes created in producing printed-circuit boards].		1987	2889645
modulation of granulocyte functions by bacterial exotoxin and endotoxins.	the modulation of granulocyte functions by bacterial exotoxins (streptolysin o, alveolysin, theta toxin) and endotoxins from salmonella and lipid a is described here. incubation of polymorphonuclear granulocytes with thiol-activated toxins resulted in an increased leukotriene generation. toxin-pretreated pmns revealed an increased omega oxidation of ltb4, which may explain why toxin-stimulated cells release more ltc4 than ltb4. furthermore, toxin-pretreated pmns showed a decreased leukotriene ge ...	1987	2889665
synthesis of a thiophosphate analog of dioctanoylphosphatidylcholine: a phospholipase c substrate.	dioctanoylthiophosphatidylcholine, a racemic thiophosphate analog of l-alpha-dioctanoylphosphatidylcholine, has been synthesized and isolated by flash chromatography. in contrast with the didecanoylthiophosphatidylcholine synthesized previously, the analog is easily dispersed on sonication in aqueous media and is rapidly hydrolyzed to produce a free thiol group in the presence of the extracellular phospholipase c from either bacillus cereus or clostridium perfringens. when 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitr ...	1987	2889786
[effects of gall powder on the spore-forming and enterotoxin-producing abilities of clostridium perfringens].		1987	2889836
clostridium perfringens meningitis in an infant: case report and literature review.		1987	2890135
enterotoxaemia in water buffaloes caused by clostridium perfringens type a.		1987	2890229
the stereoselectivity of the clostridium perfringens phospholipase c: hydrolysis of thiophosphate analogs of phosphatidylcholine.	thiophosphate containing analogs of phosphatidylcholine have been synthesized with varying degrees of structural complexity. these analogs have been used in a continuous spectrophotometric assay for phospholipase c from clostridium perfringens in order to examine the requirement for substrate ester functionalities and the stereoselectivity of the enzyme. the substrate analogs with ester groups in the nonpolar portion of the molecule were acceptable substrates for phospholipase c, while those ana ...	1987	2890329
isolation and function of a clostridium perfringens enterotoxin fragment.	a fragment was obtained by treating clostridium perfringens enterotoxin with 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid, a reagent which specifically cleaves the amino-terminal peptide bond of cysteine residues. the fragment (molecular weight, 15,000) was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. the fragment had no cytotoxic effect on vero cells but competitively inhibited enterotoxin-induced 51cr release. binding of 125i-labeled fragment to vero cells was comparable to that of enterotoxin. more ...	1987	2890582
enterotoxigenicity of heat-resistant and heat-sensitive strains of clostridium perfringens.		1987	2890785
influence of a wheat diet on mortality of broiler chickens associated with necrotic enteritis.	in an experiment to determine methods of incorporating soft winter wheat into broiler diets, a significant increase in mortality was observed in broilers fed wheat in crumbled diets. this increase in mortality was associated with necrotic enteritis with clostridium perfringens indicated as the causative pathogen and complicated by a coccidiosis outbreak. when yellow corn was used in the diet, mortality was 2.9%. use of all wheat, ground with a hammer mill, increased mortality to 28.9%. however, ...	1987	2891128
[use of the peroxidase method of immunoenzyme analysis for detecting clostridium perfringens cells].	the possibility of using the peroxidase method of the enzyme immunoassay for the detection of c. perfringens cells in the culture fluid of strains, as well as in affected tissues in cases of anaerobic gas gangrene infection, has been shown. this method is highly specific, convenient and takes but 1.5 hrs.	1987	2891231
changes in the hydrophobic characteristics of clostridium perfringens spores and spore coats by heat.	the hydrophobic characteristics of clostridium perfringens nctc 8679 spores were demonstrated by adherence to toluene in a toluene-aqueous partition system. spores and spore coat preparations were hydrophobic. vegetative cells and spores extracted with a dithiothreitol-sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment known to remove spore coats were not hydrophobic. a heat activation treatment (75 degrees c for 20 min) which promotes more rapid spore germination increased the hydrophobicity of intact spores and ...	1987	2891427
clostridium perfringens iota toxin adp-ribosylates skeletal muscle actin in arg-177.	clostridium perfringens iota toxin adp-ribosylates actin. substrates of c. perfringens toxin are both non-muscle beta/gamma-actin and skeletal muscle actin. this finding suggests that c. perfringens iota adp-ribosylates the same amino acid in skeletal muscle and non-muscle actin as does c. botulinum c2 toxin in non-muscle actin. protein chemical analysis involving thermolysin cleavage on [32p]adp-ribosylated actin or tryptic digestion followed by a secondary thermolysin cleavage of the radiolabe ...	1987	2891567
synthesis of p-nitrophenyl 5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-alpha-d-glycero-d-galacto-2-nonulopyranosid onic acid, a chromogenic substrate for sialidases.		1987	2885090
evaluation of anaerobic microdilution mic results with the prompt inoculation system.	the prompt inoculation system (3m co.) was compared with the overnight suspension inoculation procedure used with a broth microdilution anaerobic commercial system (micro-media systems) for differences in mic. mic results from both suspension methods using six national committee for clinical laboratory standards-recommended quality control organisms were identical in 18 instances (75%) and within +/- 1 log2 dilution in 96% of the comparisons. results with 45 anaerobic clinical isolates also comp ...	1987	2885341
development and preliminary evaluation of a slide latex agglutination assay for detection of clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin.	a slide latex agglutination (sla) assay was developed for rapid screening for clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin (cpe). sla specifically detected cpe added to buffer or normal feces (sensitivity limit of 1 microgram cpe/g feces). using clinical fecal samples from c. perfringens food poisoning cases, a strong correlation was shown between sla results and results from other cpe assays and between sla results and illness status.	1987	2885377
effects of alpha and theta toxins from clostridium perfringens on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.	two toxins, alpha (phospholipase c) and theta (oxygen-labile hemolysin), were purified from clostridium perfringens type a and assayed for toxic effects on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmnls). crude preparations containing both toxins totally inhibited chemotaxis and chemiluminescence responses of pmnls and reduced pmnl viability. purified alpha toxin did not alter pmnl viability, chemotactic responsiveness, or morphology but did enhance opsonized zymosan-induced pmnl chemiluminescence ov ...	1987	2885383
[clostridium perfringens enterotoxemia. fatal form in a 5-year-old child].		1987	2885822
some bacterial diseases of spotted deer (axis axis).		1987	2885962
injection site reactions and antibody responses in sheep and goats after the use of multivalent clostridial vaccines.	uncertainty concerning the use, efficacy and possible adverse effects of clostridial vaccination in goats prompted a study of the injection site reactions and antibody responses in 40 goats and 40 sheep. the vaccines used were covexin 8, heptavac and tasvax 8. in all the animals swellings averaging 2.5 cm in diameter were present at the injection site seven days after vaccination and were still apparent 28 days after vaccination. the injection site reactions could not be attributed to faulty vac ...	1987	2885963
toxigenic characteristics of clostridium perfringens type c in enterotoxemia of domestic animals.	eleven clostridium perfringens type c strains isolated from fatal cases of hemorrhagic enterotoxemia of canadian calves, a piglet, and a foal were studied for the production of soluble antigens. all the isolates from calves and a foal failed to produce delta toxin, but were capable of producing large amounts of lethal beta toxin. a strain isolated from a piglet produced delta, but very little beta toxin. other differences were relatively minor. the results indicated that young domestic animals m ...	1987	2886206
isolation of clostridium perfringens from neonatal calves with ruminal and abomasal tympany, abomasitis, and abomasal ulceration.	eight neonatal calves (2 to 21 days old) with suspected abomasal displacement or intestinal obstruction after acute onset of abdominal tympany, colic, depression, or death were referred to kansas state university for clinical examination or for necropsy. results of routine hematologic and serum chemical analyses did not reveal consistent changes. necropsy revealed abomasal distention, with various degrees of abomasitis, hemorrhage, and ulceration, but did not reveal evidence of displaced abomasu ...	1987	2886483
a new endo-beta-galactosidase releasing gal alpha 1----3gal from carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins and from a glycolipid.	culture fluid of clostridium perfringens contained an endoglycosidase releasing a galactosyl disaccharide from glycans derived from glycoproteins of teratocarcinoma ott6050. the endoglycosidase was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, sephadex g-200 column chromatography, and deae-sephadex a-25 column chromatography. the structure of the disaccharide product was determined to be gal alpha 1----3gal. the enzyme also released the disaccharide from bovine thyroglobulin glycopeptide and from ...	1987	2886499
plasmid analysis as a means of strain differentiation in clostridium perfringens.	a total of 114 clostridium perfringens isolates were serotyped and examined for plasmids. fifty-two strains were from hospitalized patients with diarrhea or from hospital environments, and 62 epidemiologically unrelated isolates were obtained from food poisoning outbreaks. all strains were screened for bacteriocin production against a common indicator strain of c. perfringens. in the one significant hospital outbreak of c. perfringens diarrhea, three to five plasmid types were found in strains o ...	1987	2886514
[pulpy kidney in the lamb].		1987	2886662
evaluation of some commercial media for the cultivation and enumeration of clostridium perfringens from the chick intestine.	four commercial media marketed for the detection and enumeration of clostridium perfringens were found to adequately support the growth of a pure culture (atcc 13124) of this species but enumeration of colony-forming units was difficult on clostrisel and lecithin-lactose-agar base (lla) media. colonies of c. perfringens on lla had typical opalescent zones, a distinctive feature that can aid in presumptive identification. colonies on sulfite-polymyxin-sulfadiazone and tryptose-sulfite-neomycin (t ...	1987	2886986
clostridium perfringens in pelleted feed.		1987	2887055
raw beef, pork and chicken in japan contaminated with salmonella sp., campylobacter sp., yersinia enterocolitica, and clostridium perfringens--a comparative study.	one hundred and twenty samples each of raw ground beef, pork and chicken from ten local grocery stores in shimane prefecture, japan, were examined for the presence of salmonella sp. (sal), campylobacter jejuni (cj), campylobacter coli (cc), yersinia enterocolitica (ye), and clostridium perfringens (cp) from april 1984 to march 1985. a total of 205 isolates of sal (112 strains), cj (64 strains), cc (one strain), ye (7 strains) and cp (21 strains) were recovered from 17 beef (14.2%), 31 pork (25.8 ...	1987	2887078
computed tomography as the method of choice in the diagnosis of emphysematous cholecystitis.	computed tomographic (ct) findings in 4 cases of acute emphysematous cholecystitis are described. the use of ct in the diagnosis of this condition is discussed in relation to the use of sonography and plain radiography.	1987	2887479
proficiency testing of water microbiology laboratories in the netherlands.	in a 3-year period, four series of simulated water samples containing selected test strains were distributed to more than 50 laboratories in the netherlands for bacteriological testing. participating laboratories examined the samples by enrichment or membrane filtration methods, or both, for total coliform organisms, thermotolerant coliform organisms, faecal streptococci and standard plate counts (37 degrees and 22 degrees c) according to dutch standard methods. the results were quantitatively s ...	1987	2887540
bilateral abscessed orchiepididymitis associated with sepsis caused by veillonella parvula and clostridium perfringens: case report and review of the literature.	veillonella species is a gram-negative coccus which is part of the anaerobic normal flora in the oral cavity, small intestine, upper respiratory tract, vagina, and urinary tract. the role that this organism plays in infection is not well known, and it is generally associated with other bacteria. we present a case of bilateral abscessed orchiepididymitis associated with septicemia due to veillonella parvula and, later, to clostridium perfringens, with the development of severe renal insufficiency ...	1987	2887584
response of ligated rabbit ileal loop to clostridium perfringens type c strains and their toxic filtrates.	the vegetative cells and toxic filtrates of clostridium perfringens type c strains were injected into ligated rabbit ileal loops and the responses were observed. out of 12 strains examined, 2 strains showed positive reaction in this test, when the vegetative cells were injected. one of these 2 strains was an enterotoxigenic and beta-toxigenic and the other was beta- and delta-toxigenic but not enterotoxigenic. culture filtrates containing beta or delta toxin also showed fluid accumulation in the ...	1987	2892115
[anaerobic spore formers in commercial spices and ingredients for infant food].	anaerobic spore-formers can cause food intoxication. clostridium (cl.) perfringens type-a strains are mainly involved. in addition to the original contamination of food, e.g., meat or milk, ingredients such as spices or meat extracts are the main source and low numbers of clostridia are present (i.e., up to 10(2) cells/g). at present, information about the quantitative ecology of clostridia is incomplete; therefore 115 commercial food products were investigated (spices: n = 70, meat extracts: n ...	1987	2892325
growth curves of clostridium perfringens in schaedler and brain heart infusion broths.	four clostridium perfringens strains recovered from clinical specimens, four strains obtained from faecal specimens of healthy adults, and control strain atcc 13124 were inoculated into schaedler and brain heart infusion broths, respectively, and incubated anaerobically at 35 degrees c for 24 h. the exponential growth phase usually lasted from 2 to 6 h following inoculation; the generation times averaged 23 min at 2 to 4 h and 27 min between 4 and 6 h of incubation. the early stationary growth p ...	1987	2892327
[isolation of clostridium perfringens from cooked meat foods].		1987	2894047
botulinum type d toxin and clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in a bull calf.		1987	2894086
presence of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in intestinal samples from farm animals with diarrhoea of unknown origin.		1987	2894102
diffusion of metronidazole through the dentinal tubules of extracted teeth.	passing of metronidazole from the root canal of extracted gangrenous teeth through the dentinal tubules was proved by agar diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration assay. the findings explain the excellent clinical experience with metronidazole in root treatment.	1987	2894107
experimentally induced necrotic enteritis in chickens.	a 1.3 to 10% incidence of necrotic enteritis was experimentally produced in broiler-type chickens in three of five trials. the incidence range observed was considerably narrower and lower than the 5.6-37.3% range reported in the literature. clostridium perfringens was inconsistently isolated from the liver and intestine of dosed chickens.	1987	2894826
molecular characterization of the resolvase gene, res, carried by a multicopy plasmid from clostridium perfringens: common evolutionary origin for prokaryotic site-specific recombinases.	clostridium perfringens strain cpn50 harbours a 10.2 kb plasmid known as pip404 which, in addition to a set of uv-inducible genes involved in bacteriocin production, carries res, a gene probably encoding a site-specific recombinase. the res protein is highly homologous to the resolvases of transposons from both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria as well as enzymes involved in site-specific dna inversion. a likely role for the res protein would be to stabilize pip404 by reducing the number ...	1987	2896291
cell surface sialic acid influences tumor cell recognition in the mixed lymphocyte reaction.	the ia+ b cell lymphoma, aktb-1b, fails to stimulate thymic lymphocytes in a one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction unless pretreated with sialidase or inhibitors of n-linked oligosaccharide processing. a comparison of different sialidases and sialyltransferases suggests that the removal of only a subset of total surface sialic acid, rather than net desialylation of the cell surface, is required. three sialidases were compared, including vibrio cholerae (vc) and clostridium perfringens (cp), which wi ...	1987	2953814
in vitro activity of vancomycin and teicoplanin against anaerobic bacteria.	the in vitro activity of vancomycin and teicoplanin, a new glycopeptide antimicrobial, was determined against a total of 286 anaerobic bacteria including bacteroides fragilis group (100), b. melaninogenicus (21), b. bivius (16), fusobacterium spp. (15), peptococcus spp. (20), peptostreptococcus spp. (21), clostridium perfringens (23), c. difficile (41) and propionibacterium acnes (29). minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) were determined using an antimicrobial incorporation technique in wilki ...	1987	2962846
the comparative in vitro activity of ofloxacin (ru 43 280) and other quinolone derivatives against 722 bacteria of clinical interest.		1987	2908239
enumeration of clostridium perfringens spores in human feces: comparison of four culture media.	enumeration of clostridium perfringens spores was compared using 4 culture media. duplicate 1 g portions of 35 stools (25 from c. perfringens food poisoning outbreaks and 10 from normal stools) were heat treated 20 min at 75 degrees c and tested on tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine (tsc) agar, trypticase-soy-blood (tsb) agar, lactose-sulfite (ls) medium, and iron milk (im) medium. dilutions were plated directly onto tsb and tsc, and a 3-tube most probable number determination was made with each speci ...	1987	2893783
bmy 28100, a new oral cephalosporin.	bmy 28100, a new oral cephalosporin with a (z)-propenyl side chain at the 3 position and a p-hydroxyphenylglycyl substituent at the 7 position, was evaluated in comparison with cefaclor and cephalexin and, when appropriate, ampicillin and vancomycin. in vitro, bmy 28100 was more active than the reference cephalosporins against streptococci, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, listeria monocytogenes, haemophilus influenzae, propionibacterium acnes, clostridium perfringens, and clos ...	1987	3105449
the effect of carbon dioxide on the in vitro activity of erythromycin and ru-28965 against anaerobic bacteria.	the in vitro activity of erythromycin and ru-28965 (a novel macrolide antimicrobial with improved pharmacokinetics) was determined against a variety of anaerobic bacteria in anaerobic atmospheres with and without added carbon dioxide. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) were determined using an antimicrobial incorporation technique in wilkins-chalgren agar (oxoid, uk) containing saponinlysed horse blood to a final concentration of 10%. the inoculum used was approximately 10(4) colony forming ...	1987	3113907
heterogeneity of acid beta-galactosidase from rabbit kidney.	1. rabbit kidney acid beta-galactosidase can be resolved into three peaks (named a3, a2 and a1) by gel-filtration chromatography. their estimated molecular weights were: more than 250,000, 150,000 and 17,000 respectively. 2. the purified acid form appeared as a single band of protein (mr = 28,000) on electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, suggesting that forms a3 and a2 are multimeric forms of beta-galactosidase a1. 3. treatment with neuraminidase from clostridium perfringen ...	1987	3114021
antimicrobial activity of lysozyme against bacteria involved in food spoilage and food-borne disease.	egg white lysozyme was demonstrated to have antibacterial activity against organisms of concern in food safety, including listeria monocytogenes and certain strains of clostridium botulinum. we also found that the food spoilage thermophile clostridium thermosaccharolyticum was highly susceptible to lysozyme and confirmed that the spoilage organisms bacillus stearothermophilus and clostridium tyrobutyricum were also extremely sensitive. several gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens isolated f ...	1987	3118808
mode of action of clostridium perfringens initiation protein (spore-lytic enzyme).	the extracellular initiation protein (ip; spore germination enzyme) produced by clostridium perfringens was further purified and characterized. ip hydrolysed spore cortical fragments with the release of free amino groups. end group analysis of hydrolysed fragments indicated the presence of n-terminal alanine but no reducing sugars. molecular weight analysis of ip- and lysozyme-treated fluorescamine-labelled cortical fragments indicated that ip acts only on peptidoglycan chains containing cross-l ...	1987	2900019
carboxyl groups in clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin.	the maximal number of norleucine methyl ester (nme) incorporated into carboxyl groups in epsilon toxin of clostridium perfringens by the carbodiimide-nucleophile procedure was 7 and 17 in the absence and presence of 8 m urea, respectively. the introduction of 3-4 nucleophilic modifying agents such as nme, glycine methyl ester or taurine into carboxyl groups of the toxin reduced the lethality to approximately 10% of the original activity. the incorporation of 6-7 of these agents resulted in compl ...	1987	2904641