Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| screening of different adjuvants for wastewater/wastewater sludge-based bacillus thuringiensis formulations. | screening of different adjuvants, namely, suspending agents, phagostimulants, stickers, antimicrobial agents, and uv screens to develop aqueous biopesticidal suspensions of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) variety kurstaki hd-1 fermented broths, specifically, nonhydrolyzed sludge, hydrolyzed sludge, starch industry wastewater, and soya (commercial medium), were investigated. the selected suspending agents [20% (wt:vol)] included sorbitol, sodium monophosphate, and sodium metabisulfite with correspond ... | 2006 | 16937657 |
| effect of corn hybrids expressing the coleopteran-specific cry3bb1 protein for corn rootworm control on aboveground insect predators. | field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn, zea mays l. (yieldgard rootworm), expressing the cry3bb1 protein on aboveground nontarget insect predators (minute pirate bug, ladybird beetles, and carabids). visual counts of adult and immature orius insidiosus (say), coleomegilla maculata (degeer), hippodamia convergens gurin-meneville, and scymnus spp. occurring in bt corn and its non-bt isoline were made at manhattan, ks, in 2 ... | 2006 | 16937659 |
| suppression of plutella xylostella and trichoplusia ni in cole crops with attracticide formulations. | the three key lepidopteran pests of cole, brassica oleracea l., crops in north america are diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.) (lepidoptera: plutellidae); cabbage looper; trichoplusia ni (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae); and imported cabbageworm, pieris rapae (l.) (lepidoptera: pieridae). two species-specific pheromone-based experimental attracticide formulations were evaluated against these pests: lastcall dbm for p. xylostella and lastcall cl for t. ni. no lastcall formulation was avai ... | 2006 | 16937690 |
| field measures of western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) mortality caused by cry34/35ab1 proteins expressed in maize event 59122 and implications for trait durability. | maize, zea mays l., has been transformed to express the cry34ab1 and cry35ab1 proteins from bacillus thuringiensis strain ps149b1. these two proteins act together as a binary insecticidal protein that is effective against corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) species. the design of the resistance management plan to preserve the long-term durability of this trait largely depends on the level of rootworm mortality induced by cry34/35ab1 corn rootworm-protected maize (frequently referred to as ... | 2006 | 16937696 |
| discovery of bacillus thuringiensis virulence genes using signature-tagged mutagenesis in an insect model of septicaemia. | transposon tn917 was used to identify bacillus thuringiensis genes required for virulence and survival in a manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) septicaemia model. uniquely tagged transposons, n = 72, were constructed and used to generate 1152 insertion mutants. sixteen pools of 72 mutants were screened in the infection model, and 12 virulence-attenuated mutants were unable to survive the infection. analysis of the mutated dna sequences implicated an arsr family transcriptional regulator, a histone- ... | 2006 | 16941243 |
| hemolytic and nonhemolytic enterotoxin genes are broadly distributed among bacillus thuringiensis isolated from wild mammals. | the presence of cytotoxin k (cytk), nonhemolytic (nhe), and hemolytic (hbl) enterotoxin genes was investigated in 74 bacillus thuringiensis strains recovered from the intestines of wild mammals from northeast poland, using polymerase chain reaction amplification and southern hybridization. all the isolates harbored genes coding for toxin(s) that could cause diarrhea. the b. thuringiensis strains containing the nhe genes were found more frequently (nhea 100%, nheb 77%, nhec 96%) than those with t ... | 2006 | 16944343 |
| degradation of plasmid and plant dna in water microcosms monitored by natural transformation and real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | extracellular dna exists in the environment and can be taken up by competent bacterial cells, leading to horizontal gene transfer. the persistence of extracellular plasmid and plant dna in water microcosms was monitored in this study. water samples were two groundwater (gw1 and gw2) and one river water (rw) samples. three treatments included: (1) intact, (2) 0.22 microm filter-sterilized, and (3) autoclaved water. dna from a plasmid (pns1) and a transgenic bt (bacillus thuringiensis) corn line, ... | 2006 | 16945402 |
| cyt1ca from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis: production in escherichia coli and comparison of its biological activities with those of other cyt-like proteins. | the larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis against dipteran larvae is determined by four major polypeptides of the parasporal crystalline body produced during sporulation. cyt1aa shows the lowest toxicity when used alone but is the most synergistic with any of the other proteins. the sequence of the plasmid pbtoxis, which contains all the toxin genes in this subspecies, revealed a new cyt-like coding sequence named cyt1ca. in addition to the cyt-like region, the predict ... | 2006 | 16946260 |
| evidence of dna rearrangements in the 128-kilobase pbtoxis plasmid of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. | bupm97 is a novel tunisian isolate of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis presenting insecticidal activity against culex pipiens larvae. the delta-endotoxins pattern of this strain was different from that of the reference strain b. thuringiensis israelensis h14. therefore, the study of its cry genes content was carried out by restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism (rflp) using specific cry genes probes and by dna sequencing. it was clearly demonstrated that in the strain bupm97 the cry4a and cr ... | 2006 | 16946449 |
| proteomic profiling and identification of immunodominant spore antigens of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis. | differentially expressed and immunogenic spore proteins of the bacillus cereus group of bacteria, which includes bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis, were identified. comparative proteomic profiling of their spore proteins distinguished the three species from each other as well as the virulent from the avirulent strains. a total of 458 proteins encoded by 232 open reading frames were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectro ... | 2006 | 16957262 |
| molecular identification of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis to trace its fate after application as a biological insecticide in wetland ecosystems. | to determine the fate of viable bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) spores dispersed in the environment, using a universally applicable molecular detection methodology. | 2006 | 17032222 |
| phage displayed bacillus thuringiensis cry1ba4 toxin is toxic to plutella xylostella. | we constructed recombinant phage particles displaying the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ba4 active toxin using the pfuse5 and pcomb3x phagemid vectors. the recombinant phage particles were screened and evaluated for displayed biologically active cry1ba4 toxin against the target insect larvae. concurrent expression of cry1ba4 protoxin was carried out using the petblue -2 plasmid expression vector in escherichia coli tuner (de3)placi and the protoxin was successfully expressed at a size of 129 kda. i ... | 2006 | 17036210 |
| tasa-tasb, a new putative toxin-antitoxin (ta) system from bacillus thuringiensis pgi1 plasmid is a widely distributed composite maze-doc ta system. | post-segregational killing systems are present in a large variety of microorganisms. when found on plasmids, they are described as addiction systems that act to maintain the plasmid during the partitioning of the cell. the plasmid to be maintained through the generations harbours a group of two genes, one coding for a stable toxin and the other coding for an unstable antitoxin that inhibits the effects of the toxin. if, during cell division, the plasmid is lost, the toxin and antitoxin proteins ... | 2006 | 17038198 |
| assays for toxicity studies in c. elegans with bt crystal proteins. | caenorhabditis elegans is well suited for toxicological studies owing to its established biology, short generation time, large brood size, and readily scorable life traits. quantitative parameters of c. elegans that can be assayed include growth, size, progeny production, behavior, and mortality. qualitative parameters of toxicity, such as changes in appearance or movement, can also be determined. this chapter describes four assays we have used for analyzing the toxic effects of bacillus thuring ... | 2006 | 16988432 |
| field evaluation of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 against aedes mosquitoes. | studies were carried out on the residual efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 (water dispersible granule, vectobac abg 6511) as direct application in the control of aedes larvae in the field. field aedes sp populations in the earthen and glass jars were predetermined before initiation of the trial. on confirmation of the presence of aedes species in the designated area, sungai nibong kecil, penang island, malaysia, bti was introduced in the 55l earthen and 3l glass jars). two test designs wer ... | 2006 | 17041550 |
| suppression of exposure to malaria vectors by an order of magnitude using microbial larvicides in rural kenya. | to determine the contribution larviciding could make to reduce the burden of malaria, by conducting a trial of microbial larvicides in a 4.5 km2 area in and around a large village in rural western kenya. | 2006 | 17054742 |
| molecular characterization of a dna fragment harboring the replicon of pbmb165 from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis. | bacillus thuringiensis belongs to the bacillus cereus sensu lato group of gram-positive and spore-forming bacteria. most isolates of b. thuringiensis can bear many endogenous plasmids, and the number and size of these plasmids can vary widely among strains or subspecies. as far as we know, the replicon of the plasmid pbmb165 is the first instance of a plasmid replicon being isolated from subsp. tenebrionis and characterized. | 2006 | 17059605 |
| dna screening reveals pink bollworm resistance to bt cotton remains rare after a decade of exposure. | transgenic crops producing toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) kill insect pests and can reduce reliance on insecticide sprays. although bt cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and bt corn (zea mays l.) covered 26 million ha worldwide in 2005, their success could be cut short by evolution of pest resistance. monitoring the early phases of pest resistance to bt crops is crucial, but it has been extremely difficult because bioassays usually cannot detect heterozygotes harboring one all ... | 2006 | 17066779 |
| integrating biological and chemical controls in decision making: european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) control in sweet corn as an example. | as growers switch to transgenic crops and selective insecticides that are less toxic to natural enemies, natural enemies can become more important in agricultural pest management. current decision-making guides are generally based on pest abundance and do not address pest and natural enemy toxicity differences among insecticides or the impact of natural enemies on pest survival. a refined approach to making pest management decisions is to include the impact of natural enemies and insecticides, t ... | 2006 | 17066781 |
| long-lasting effects of a bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis experimental tablet formulation for aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) control. | dengue is a growing public health problem in many tropical and subtropical countries worldwide. at present, the only method of controlling or preventing the disease is to eliminate its vector, aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae). in the current study, an experimental larvicide tablet formulation xl-47 based on bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (bti) and containing 4.8% of technical powder was developed. this formulation was evaluated against ae. aegypti in three different sets of ex ... | 2006 | 17066787 |
| dispersal of newly eclosed european corn borer adults (lepidoptera: crambidae) from corn into small-grain aggregation plots. | genetically modified, insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn, zea mays l., hybrids are used throughout the corn belt for european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), control. to slow development of bt corn resistance, the environmental protection agency requires growers to plant a refuge. determining the appropriate distance between a refuge and bt corn, and development of mitigation-remediation strategies such as mass releases of susceptible moths, requires ... | 2006 | 17066794 |
| monitoring the cry1ab susceptibility of european corn borer in germany. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), is one of the most important insect pests in corn, zea mays l. transgenic corn cultivars expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin provide a promising crop protection strategy against european corn borer; however, management is needed to avoid resistance development of the target pest species. the aim of this work was to establish the baseline susceptibility of different european corn borer populations in germany to be able to forecast a p ... | 2006 | 17066811 |
| genetic variation for resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxins in helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in eastern north carolina. | to evaluate resistance to bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) toxins, adult female bollworms, helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), were collected from four light trap locations in two eastern north carolina counties from august to october during 2001 and 2002. females were allowed to oviposit, and upon hatching, 24 neonates from each female (f1 lines) were screened for survival and growth rate on each of three diets: non-bt diet, diet containing 5.0 microg/ml cry1ac toxin, or diet ... | 2006 | 17066814 |
| selecting for efficacy of bollgard cotton cultivars against various lepidoptera using forward breeding techniques. | studies during the past 5 yr have shown that the overall level of protein (cry1ac) produced from the cry1ac transgene (monsanto co., st. louis, mo) differ among commercial bollgard cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., cultivars. these differences between cultivars are under genetic control and have been correlated with efficacy of certain lepidopteran pests. previous studies have shown that the parental background (i.e., non-cry1ac conventional cultivar) has a significant influence on the amount of cr ... | 2006 | 17066820 |
| inhibition of bacillus anthracis and potential surrogate bacilli growth from spore inocula by nisin and other antimicrobial peptides. | the ability of nisin, synthetic temporin analogs, magainins, defensins, and cecropins to inhibit bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, and bacillus subtilis growth from spore inocula was determined using well diffusion assays. nisin, magainin ii amide, and defensins were inhibitory in screening against b. anthracis sterne or b. cereus atcc 7004, but only nisin inhibited virulent b. anthracis strains. the mics of nisin against the 10 bacillus strains exam ... | 2006 | 17066940 |
| community participation and appropriate technologies for dengue vector control at transmission foci in thailand. | a community-based dengue vector control trial was conducted at transmission foci in plaeng yao district, chachoengsao province, eastern thailand. implementation was done by the local community in collaboration with local administration, public health, and school authorities. our cost-effective approaches combined a source reduction campaign with appropriate vector control technologies applied within the foci (within 100 m around the foci) and also within schools attended by children from the tre ... | 2006 | 17067059 |
| the quorum-quenching metallo-gamma-lactonase from bacillus thuringiensis exhibits a leaving group thio effect. | lactone-hydrolyzing enzymes derived from some bacillus species are capable of disrupting quorum sensing in bacteria that use n-acyl-l-homoserine lactones (ahls) as intercellular signaling molecules. despite the promise of these quorum-quenching enzymes as therapeutic and anti-biofouling agents, the ring opening mechanism and the role of metal ions in catalysis have not been elucidated. labeling studies using (18)o, (2)h, and the ahl lactonase from bacillus thuringiensis implicate an addition-eli ... | 2006 | 17073460 |
| an indigenous drought-tolerant strain of glomus intraradices associated with a native bacterium improves water transport and root development in retama sphaerocarpa. | the effects of interactions between bacillus thuringiensis, a drought-adapted bacterium, and two isolates of glomus intraradices, an arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus, on retama sphaerocarpa, a drought-adapted legume, were investigated. the fungal isolates were an indigenous drought-tolerant and a nonindigenous drought-sensitive isolate. shoot length and root growth, symbiotic parameters, water transport (in terms of percent relative plant water uptake), and volumetric soil moisture and soil en ... | 2006 | 17075734 |
| [characterization of crystal-forming bacteria bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tohokuensis toxic to mosquitos]. | distribution study of bacillus thuringiensis strains in western siberian soils allowed us to isolate crystal-forming bacteria assigned to a new pathovar of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. tohokuensis with a toxic effect on mosquito larvae. a description of this bacterial pathovar is presented. | 2006 | 17086974 |
| effects of disulfide bridges in domain i of bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa delta-endotoxin on ion-channel formation in biological membranes. | the delta-endotoxin family of toxic proteins represents the major component of the insecticidal capability of the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. domain i of the toxins, which is largely alpha-helical, has been proposed to unfold at protein entry into the membrane of a target insect, following models known as the penknife and umbrella models. we extended the analysis of a previous work in which four disulfide bridges were constructed in domain i of the cry1aa delta-endotoxin that putatively pr ... | 2006 | 17087513 |
| persistence of bacillus thuringiensis bioinsecticides in the gut of human-flora-associated rats. | the capability of two bioinsecticide strains of bacillus thuringiensis (ssp. israelensis and ssp. kurstaki) to germinate and persist in vivo in the gastrointestinal tract of human-flora-associated rats was studied. rats were dosed either with vegetative cells or spores of the bacteria for 4 consecutive days. in animals fed spores, b. thuringiensis cells were detected in faecal and intestinal samples of all animals, whereas vegetative cells only poorly survived the gastric passage. heat-treatment ... | 2006 | 17087815 |
| status of eldana saccharina (lepidoptera: pyralidae), its host plants and natural enemies in ethiopia. | surveys for sugarcane stem borers were undertaken in ethiopia to determine the prevalence and distribution of these and their natural enemies in crops and indigenous host plants. eldana saccharina walker was not recovered from sugarcane, but was present in three indigenous wetland sedges, cyperus papyrus, c. fastigiatus and c. dives in the southern, central and northern part of the country. the latter indigenous host plant was present in waterways adjacent to sugarcane on the commercial sugar es ... | 2006 | 17092361 |
| identification and characterization of a polysaccharide deacetylase gene from bacillus thuringiensis. | one polysaccharide deacetylase gene was cloned from bacillus thuringiensis and designated pdaa. disruption of pdaa did not affect vegetative growth and sporulation but obviously affected spore germination. when l-alanine was added into the spore suspension, the spores of the pdaa disruption mutant showed a slow and partial reduction in absorbance at od600 and became phase pale gray compared with phase dark of the wild-type strain. in contrast with the outgrowing of wild-type spores after germina ... | 2006 | 17110961 |
| [genes of insecticidal crystal proteins with dual specificity in bacillus thuringiensis strains, isolated in the crimea territory]. | the insecticidal crystal proteins of 15 b. thuringiensis strains, isolated in the crimea territory that are toxical for some lepidoptera and colorado potato beetle larvae were identified by page electrophoresis. ten strains produced the crystal proteins with high molecular weight (> 120 kd). pcr with use of broad specificity primers and dna of these b. thuringiensis strains as template demonstrated the specific pcr products (1000 bp). amplified dna fragments were cloned and sequenced. the nucleo ... | 2006 | 17388118 |
| combining steinernema carpocapsae and bacillus thuringienis strains for control of diamondback moth (plutella xylostella). | the diamondback moth (dbm), plutella xylostella, is a major pest of crucifers and has developed resistance against all chemical insecticides, even against the biological insecticide bacillus thuringiensis (bt). entomopathogenic nematodes (epn) as novel biological insecticide were successfully used against dbm. we investigated the potential of bt to enhance the virulence of epn and the possibility to reduce the application density by exploiting synergistic effects. the interaction between differe ... | 2006 | 17390802 |
| generation of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide in insect hemolymph in the course of immune response. | 2006 | 17425046 | |
| fees or refuges: which is better for the sustainable management of insect resistance to transgenic bt corn? | the evolution of resistance in insect pests will imperil the efficiency of transgenic insect-resistant crops. the currently advised strategy to delay resistance evolution is to plant non-toxic crops (refuges) in close proximity to plants engineered to express the toxic protein of the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt). we seek answers to the question of how to induce growers to plant non-toxic crops. a first strategy, applied in the united states, is to require bt growers to plant non-bt refu ... | 2006 | 17148361 |
| investigation of a novel bacillus thuringiensis gene encoding a parasporal protein, parasporin-4, that preferentially kills human leukemic t cells. | a novel gene encoding a leukemic cell-killing parasporal protein, designated parasporin-4, was cloned from an isolate of bacillus thuringiensis serovar shandongiensis. the amino acid sequence of the parasporin-4, as deduced from the gene sequence, had low-level homologies of <30% with the established b. thuringiensis cry proteins including the three known parasporins. when the gene was expressed in a recombinant of escherichia coli bl21(de3), the parasporin-4 formed intracellular inclusion bodie ... | 2006 | 17151476 |
| caenorhabditis elegans carbohydrates in bacterial toxin resistance. | the major virulence factor produced by the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is a pore-forming toxin called crystal (cry) toxin, which targets and kills insects and nematodes. to understand how this bacterial toxin interacts with its invertebrate hosts, a genetic screen in c. elegans for nematodes resistant to bt toxin was carried out. four of the five genes that mutated to toxin resistance encode glycosyltransferases. these genes were found to participate in the biosynthesis of c. elegans g ... | 2006 | 17132513 |
| use of bacillus thuringiensis toxin as an alternative method of control against haemonchus contortus. | the biocide activity of bacillus thuringiensis (b. thuringiensis) ib-16 strain was evaluated against the blood-feeding nematode haemonchus contortus (h. contortus) in vitro and in vivo assays. twenty experimental jirds (meriones unguiculatus) and 32 sheep were infected with h. contortus by oral route. fourteen days post infection 10 jirds were treated with 0.2 mg per ml of ib-16 soluble toxin by intraperitoneal (i.p.) route and 8 sheep were treated with 0.5 mg of toxin per kg of body weight by i ... | 2006 | 17135537 |
| [adjuvant effect of the cry1ac protoxin on cellular immunity when is coadministered with a good mucosal pathogen]. | the major part of pathogens use the mucosae to penetrate into the organisms, the idea to blockade the invasion, replication, colonization and multiplication of them results attractive not only to vaccines design, but immunopharmacs design, too. the protoxin cry1ac from bacillus thuringiensis is a recent known mucosal adjuvant. | 2006 | 17137187 |
| organic mystery. pesticide may not really be an insect killer. | 2006 | 17144343 | |
| cadherin-based resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cotton in hybrid strains of pink bollworm: fitness costs and incomplete resistance. | recessive resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in laboratory-selected strains of pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders), is associated with three resistance alleles (r1, r2, and r3) of a cadherin gene. previous experiments based on measurement of fitness components in bt-resistant and bt-susceptible strains revealed that fitness costs and incomplete resistance are associated with resistance. here, we used two hybrid strains of pink bollworm, each c ... | 2006 | 17195656 |
| interactions among white spruce tannins, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, and spruce budworm (lepidoptera: tortricidae), on larval survival, growth, and development. | the interactions among white spruce, picea glauca (moench) voss, purified acetone tannin extracts (hydrolyzable and condensed tannin), bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki cry1a(c) delta-endotoxin strain hd-73 (btk), and spruce budworm, choristoneura fumiferana (clemens) (lepidoptera: tortricidae) on larval survival, growth, and development were investigated over the whole larval feeding period by using artificial diet supplemented with three concentrations of btk toxins per milliliter of diet ... | 2006 | 17195671 |
| impact of small fitness costs on pest adaptation to crop varieties with multiple toxins: a heuristic model. | a deterministic two-locus model was used to examine how small fitness costs to individuals carrying resistance alleles could impact the risk of panmictic insect pest populations adapting to crop varieties that produced two distinct toxins. parameters examined were (1) level of toxicity of each toxin, (2) initial frequencies of alleles for adaptation to the toxins, (3) percentage of population feeding on nontoxic plants, and (4) level of fitness cost associated with adaptation to each of the two ... | 2006 | 17195678 |
| modeling the impact of alternative hosts on helicoverpa zea adaptation to bollgard cotton. | for highly polyphagous cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., pests such as helicoverpa zea (boddie), a substantial portion of the larval population develops on noncotton alternative hosts. these noncotton hosts potentially provide a natural refuge for h. zea, thereby slowing the evolution of resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt)-derived cry1ac protein present in bollgard cotton. here, we demonstrate how the measured contribution of such alternative hosts can be included in estimating t ... | 2006 | 17195681 |
| high-level resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin crylac and cadherin genotype in pink bollworm. | resistance to transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., producing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin cry1ac is linked with three recessive alleles of a cadherin gene in laboratory-selected strains of pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders), a major cotton pest. here, we analyzed a strain (mov97-r) with a high frequency of cadherin resistance alleles, a high frequency of resistance to 10 microg of cry1ac per milliliter of diet, and an intermediate frequency of resistance to 1000 microg ... | 2006 | 17195682 |
| decreased whorl and ear damage in nine mon810 bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-transgenic corn hybrids compared with their non-bt counterparts. | we examined nine pairs of near-isogenic hybrids of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and non-bt corn, zea mays l., at two locations in 1999 and three locations in 2000 to compare the effects of bt toxins on damage caused by helicoverpa zea (boddie) to whorl stage field corn, and ear damage at harvest, as well as yield. we found that whorl damage was less in all bt hybrids compared with their non-bt counterparts each year and at each location. differences in ear damage between bt and non-bt hybrids, ho ... | 2006 | 17195689 |
| method modification (2004.08) to field testing of visible powders on a variety of nonporous environmental surfaces: field study. | the ramp anthrax test cartridge for detecting bacillus anthracis was validated for use in the field for detection of b. anthracis spores in visible powder residues on 7 nonporous environmental surfaces. six teams of trained first responders and civil support personnel in class c personal protective equipment sampled visible powder residues on plastic, stainless steel, ceramic tile, wood, rubber, sealed concrete, and food-grade painted wood and analyzed the samples on the ramp anthrax test system ... | 2006 | 17225611 |
| influence of parasitism by chelonus insularis cresson (hymenoptera: braconidae) on the susceptibility of spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to insecticides. | the egg-larval parasitoid chelonus insularis cresson is a key parasitoid of the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) during the second field generation in the upper magdalena river basin, colombia. in spite of selection pressure, the higher susceptibility of the second generation fall armyworm larvae to insecticides, compared with that of the first generation, suggests that the parasitism may be responsible for the apparent difference in susceptibility. parasitized and non-parasitiz ... | 2006 | 17273714 |
| biological activity of bacillus thuringiensis strains against larvae of the blowfly chrysomya putoria (wiedemann) (diptera: calliphoridae). | different strains of bacillus thuringiensis berliner were proved to be a powerful biologic insecticide against larvae of several insect orders. due to the epidemiological importance of blowflies of the chrysomya robineau-desvoidy genus in the production of secondary cutaneous myiasis and mechanic transmission of pathogenic agents, the performance of two strains of b. thuringiensis (lfb-fiocruz 907 and lfb-fiocruz 856) was tested against larvae of chrysomya putoria (wiedemann). the lfb-fiocruz 90 ... | 2006 | 17273719 |
| [domain swapping of cry1aa and cry1ca from bacillus thuringiensis influence crystal formation and toxicity]. | bacillus thuringiensis has been successfully used for agricultural pest and medical insect control with its significant benefits based on environmental and safety considerations. however, the deficiency of this pesticide, such as limited spectrum of insecticidal activity, low toxicity to the targets and the inducement of insect resistance, results in the urgent need to exploit new resources of b. thuringiensis or to modify known strains by genetic engineering. in this study, six recombinant baci ... | 2006 | 17302152 |
| particle distributional behavior of a spray-dried technical concentrate and a water-dispersible granule formulation of bacillus sphaericus in an aqueous column. | bacillus sphaericus is a bacterium that is specifically pathogenic to mosquitoes. the current study investigated the particle behavior of a spray-dried technical concentrate and a water-dispersible granule (wdg) formulation of b. sphaericus in an aqueous column. the objective was to determine the distributional behavior (minus any extraneous environmental factors) of b. sphaericus within a water column over time. studies showed a homogenous distribution of particles over a 16-h period for the te ... | 2006 | 17304942 |
| a gpi-anchored alkaline phosphatase is a functional midgut receptor of cry11aa toxin in aedes aegypti larvae. | a 65 kda gpi (glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol)-anchored alp (alkaline phosphatase) was characterized as a functional receptor of the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cry11aa toxin in aedes aegypti midgut cells. two (a 100 kda and a 65 kda) gpi-anchored proteins that bound cry11aa toxin were preferentially extracted after treatment of bbmv (brush boder membrane vesicles) from ae. aegypti midgut epithelia with phospholipase c. the 65 kda protein was further purified by toxin affinity chroma ... | 2006 | 16255715 |
| bioconversion of industrial wastewater and wastewater sludge into bacillus thuringiensis based biopesticides in pilot fermentor. | starch industry wastewater (sww), slaughterhouse wastewater (shww) and secondary sludges from three different wastewater treatment plants (jonquière--jqs, communauté urbaine de québec--cuqs and black lake-bls) were used as raw materials for the production of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) based biopesticides in a pilot scale fermentor (100 l working volume). the slaughterhouse wastewater exhibited the lowest bt growth and entomotoxcity (tx) potential (measured against spruce budworm) due to low ava ... | 2006 | 16242319 |
| decolourisation and detoxification of synthetic molasses melanoidins by individual and mixed cultures of bacillus spp. | the decolourisation of synthetic melanoidins (i.e., gga, gaa, sga, and saa) by three bacillus isolates (bacillus thuringiensis (mtcc 4714), bacillus brevis (mtcc 4716) and bacillus sp. (mtcc 6506)) was studied. significant reduction in the values of physicochemical parameters was noticed alongwith the decolourisation of all four melanoidins (10% v/v). b. thuringiensis (mtcc 4714) caused maximum decolourisation followed by b. brevis (mtcc 4716) and bacillus sp. (mtcc 6506). a mixed culture compri ... | 2006 | 16321521 |
| efficient solubilization, activation, and purification of recombinant cry45aa of bacillus thuringiensis expressed as inclusion bodies in escherichia coli. | a cytotoxic protein cry45aa of bacillus thuringiensis expressed as inclusion bodies in escherichia coli was solubilized in 10 mm hcl. protein concentration of saturated solution of the recombinant cry45aa in 10 mm hcl was about 25 times higher than that in the buffer of previous method (in 50 mm sodium carbonate buffer, ph 10.5, containing 1 mm edta, and 10 mm dithiothreitol). the cry45aa solubilized in the acidic solution was activated by pepsin as an alternative to proteinase k in the previous ... | 2006 | 16307894 |
| characterization of a cry4ba-type gene of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and evidence of the synergistic larvicidal activity of its encoded protein with cry2a delta-endotoxin of b. thuringiensis kurstaki on culex pipiens (common house mosquito). | a newly isolated strain of bacillus thuringiensis, named bupm97, was identified as affiliated to the israelensis subspecies. this strain was selected for its insecticidal activity against larvae of several dipteran insects, such as the common house mosquito (culex pipiens). a 5 kb ecori fragment, containing a cry4ba-type gene, named cry4blb, was cloned from bupm97. the sequencing of this gene revealed an open reading frame of 3411 bp encoding a protein of 1136 amino acid residues. similarity ana ... | 2006 | 16309381 |
| consequences for protaphorura armata (collembola: onychiuridae) following exposure to genetically modified bacillus thuringiensis (bt) maize and non-bt maize. | studies on the effect of genetically modified bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crops on true soil dwelling non-target arthropods are scarce. the objective of this study was to assess the influence of a 4-week exposure to two bt maize varieties (cry1ab) cascade and meb307 on the collembolan protaphorura armata. for comparison three non-bt maize varieties, rivaldo (isogenic to cascade), monumental (isogenic to meb307) and dk242, and two control diets based on baker's yeast (uncontaminated and contamina ... | 2006 | 16310913 |
| asn183 in alpha5 is essential for oligomerisation and toxicity of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin. | the proposed toxicity mechanism of the bacillus thuringiensis cry insecticidal proteins involves membrane penetration and lytic pore formation of the alpha4-alpha5 hairpins in the target larval midgut cell membranes. in this study, alanine substitutions of selected polar residues (tyr(178), gln(180), asn(183), asn(185), and asn(195)) in the hydrophobic helix-alpha5 of the cry4ba mosquito-larvicidal protein were initially conducted via pcr-based directed mutagenesis. upon iptg induction, all the ... | 2006 | 16356469 |
| toxicological effect of indole and its azo dye derivatives on some microorganisms under aerobic conditions. | azo dyes are ubiquitous commercial chemicals that present unique environmental problems. the azo dyes in particular can undergo natural anaerobic degradation to potentially carcinogenic amines. they pose a major problem for water-treatment plants downstream. one strategy to remidate polluted surface contaminants is to make use of the degradative capacity of bacteria rather than using destructive chemical reactions. therefore, pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms namely; bacillus thuringi ... | 2006 | 16165191 |
| piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever (pemc) sensors detect bacillus anthracis at 300 spores/ml. | piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever (pemc) sensors consisting of a piezoelectric and a borosilicate glass layer with a sensing area of 2.48 mm2 were fabricated. antibody specific to bacillus anthracis (ba, sterne strain 7702) spores was immobilized on pemc sensors, and exposed to spores (300 to 3x10(6) spores/ml). the resonant frequency decreased at a rate proportional to the spore concentration and reached a steady state frequency change of 5+/-5 hz (n=3), 92+/-7 hz (n=3), 500+/-1 ... | 2006 | 16169715 |
| results of a 90-day safety assurance study with rats fed grain from corn rootworm-protected corn. | the results of a 90-day rat feeding study with yieldgard (yieldgard rootworm corn is a registered trademark of monsanto technology, llc.) rootworm corn (mon 863) grain that is protected against feeding damage caused by corn rootworm larvae are presented. corn rootworm-protection was accomplished through the introduction of a cry3bb1 coding sequence into the corn genome for in planta production of a modified cry3bb1 protein from bacillus thuringiensis. grain from mon 863 and its near isogenic con ... | 2006 | 16084637 |
| strain discrimination among b. anthracis and related organisms by characterization of bcla polymorphisms using pcr coupled with agarose gel or microchannel fluidics electrophoresis. | the bcla gene codes for the protein backbone of the exosporium glycoprotein bcla of b. anthracis. bcla has a central collagen-like region formed by polymorphic gxx repeats and conserved amino- and carboxy-termini. it is noted here that the bcla gene is also present in the genome of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis. there is considerable size heterogeneity among the bcla proteins, both for species and strains, due to different numbers of gpt repeats and [gpt]5gdtgtt repeats (bcla repeat ... | 2006 | 15992950 |
| effect of biopesticides on the lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) of the rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (insecta: lepidoptera: pyralidae). | the effects of bacterial toxins (bacillus thuringiensis) and botanical insecticides (azadirachta indica and vitex negundo) on lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) activity in cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (the rice leaffolder) were evaluated. bacterial toxins and botanical insecticides affected the ldh activity individually and in combination. when they were combined, the effect was more severe at low concentration. there was a decrease in enzyme activity over controls at all concentrations tested. t ... | 2006 | 16033698 |
| transgenic crops expressing bacillus thuringiensis toxins and biological control. | the area devoted to growing transgenic plants expressing insecticidal cry proteins derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is increasing worldwide. a major concern with the adoption of bt crops is their potential impact on nontarget organisms including biological control organisms. regulatory frameworks should advocate a step-wise (tiered) approach to assess possible nontarget effects of bt crops. laboratory and glasshouse studies have revealed effects on natural enemies only when bt-susceptibl ... | 2006 | 16404399 |
| mass spectrometric sequencing of endotoxin proteins of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. konkukian extracted from polyacrylamide gels. | the amino acid sequences of the crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. konkukian strain hl-47 are unknown. we used 1-d denaturing polyacrylamide electrophoresis, nano-esi-q-tof-ms, and protein database searching to analyze these proteins. on sds-page gels, a preparation of purified crystal proteins exhibited 110, 102, 76, 55, 37, and 30 kda protein bands. immunoblotting of the gel with antiserum raised to this preparation revealed that four crystal proteins, of 110, 102, 55, and 37 kda, ... | 2006 | 16404726 |
| a novel index for analysing the response of a microbial culture to changes in the environmental variables during cultivation. | to analyse the sensitivity of a microbial culture to variations in the cultivation conditions by using the motile intensity of the cells. | 2006 | 16405701 |
| lack of cross-reactivity between the bacillus thuringiensis derived protein cry1f in maize grain and dust mite der p7 protein with human sera positive for der p7-ige. | cry1f protein, derived from bacillus thuringiensis, is effective at controlling lepidopteran pests and a synthetic cry1f transgene was transferred into maize. for the safety assessment of genetically modified food crops, the allergenic potential of the introduced novel trait(s) is evaluated. because no single parameter is currently predictive of allergic potential, a 'weight of evidence' approach has been proposed. as part of this assessment, the amino acid (aa) sequence of the cry1f protein was ... | 2006 | 16406630 |
| effect of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and neonicotinoid insecticides on the fungus gnat bradysia sp nr. coprophila (lintner) (diptera: sciaridae). | the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis berliner subsp. israelensis (bti), the neonicotinoid insecticides dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin and the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen were evaluated to determine their efficacy against the larval stages of the fungus gnat bradysia sp nr. coprophila (lintner) in the laboratory. treatments were applied as a drench to the growing medium in polypropylene deli containers. the bti treatments had no effect on either instar test ... | 2006 | 16408320 |
| regeneration of sugarcane elite breeding lines and engineering of stem borer resistance. | five elite sugarcane breeding lines were tested for efficiency in embryogenesis and plant regeneration. all of them produced regenerative embryogenic calli but with varied efficiencies. to engineer strongly insect-resistant sugarcanes, the gc content of a truncated cry1ac gene, which encodes the active region of cry1ac insecticidal delta-endotoxin, was increased from the original 37.4 to 47.5% following the sugarcane codon usage pattern. the synthetic cry1ac gene (s-cry1ac) was placed under the ... | 2006 | 16408322 |
| a new black fly isolate of bacillus thuringiensis autoagglutinating strain highly toxic to simulium pertinax (kollar) (diptera, simuliidae) larvae. | formulations containing the entomopathogenic bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis strain ips-82 has been widely applied for mosquito control around the world. strain ips-82 is highly active against aedes aegypti but less active against other well-known vectors such as culex quinquefasciatus and simulium spp. larvae. eighteen strains of b. thuringiensis were isolated from simulium pertinax larvae naturally occurring in rivers of southeast brazil with one demonstrating special toxic effects. ... | 2006 | 16410971 |
| evidence of oral toxicity of photorhabdus temperata strain k122 against prays oleae and its improvement by heterologous expression of bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa and cry1ia genes. | photorhabdus temperata strain k122 exhibited oral toxicity against prays oleae with an lc50 of 58.1 x 10(6) cells ml(-1). recombinant p. temperata strains expressing the cry1aa and/or cry1ia genes of bacillus thuringiensis have been constructed. the two cry genes, encoding delta-endotoxins, were placed under the control of the lac promoter and iptg dependent expression in p. temperata was demonstrated. the presence of the cry genes in k122 resulted in a clear improvement of oral toxicity. this i ... | 2006 | 16413572 |
| in situ studies on the time-dependent degradation of recombinant corn dna and protein in the bovine rumen. | an in situ technique was adopted to investigate the time-dependent ruminal degradation of chloroplast compared with recombinant dna of bt176 corn using conventional and quantitative pcr assays. in parallel, the cry1ab protein content and fragment sizes were determined by elisa and immunoblotting techniques. triplicate nylon bags filled with 5 g of each substrate (whole-plant isogenic, whole-plant transgenic, ensiled isogenic, and ensiled transgenic corn) were positioned within the rumen of 5 rum ... | 2006 | 16361500 |
| improved elisa method for screening human antigen-specific ige and its application for monitoring specific ige for novel proteins in genetically modified foods. | for monitoring the occurrence of ige antibody specific for novel proteins in genetically modified (gm) foods, elisa is the most convenient method. the levels of ige specific for recombinant proteins, phosphinothricin-n-acetyltransferase (pat), cp4-epsps, and cry9c were determined by elisa using the sera from patients allergic to known allergens. ovalbumin (ova) and ova-positive patient sera were used as positive control. in the elisa, 20-fold-diluted sera tested were mostly negative for the spec ... | 2006 | 16364525 |
| atomic force microscopy of bacillus spore surface morphology. | bacillus spore surface morphology was imaged with atomic force microscopy (afm) to determine if characteristic surface features could be used to distinguish between four closely related species; bacillus anthracis sterne strain, bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, bacillus cereus strain 569, and bacillus globigii var. niger. afm surface height images showed an irregular topography across the curved upper surface of the spores. phase images showed a superficial grain structure with different le ... | 2006 | 16376084 |
| bacteria isolated from the different developmental stages and larval organs of the obligate parasitic fly, wohlfahrtia magnifica (diptera: sarcophagidae). | wohlfahrtia magnifica (diptera: sarcophagidae) is the major myiasis-causing fly species in the whole of eurasia for most important domestic animals. the aim of the present work was to obtain data on the culturable bacteria isolated under aerobic conditions from this fly: bacteria were isolated from all developmental stages (larvae, pupa, and imago) of wohlfahrtia magnifica, and the third-stage larval organs were also sampled. to determine the possible antagonistic effects between the dominant ba ... | 2006 | 16382282 |
| the role of a conserved histidine-tyrosine interhelical interaction in the ion channel domain of delta-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis. | the delta-endotoxin proteins are produced by bacillus thuringiensis during the sporulation phase of its life cycle. these proteins exhibit insecticidal activity through receptor-mediated ion channel formation. the mode of action of these proteins requires the conversion of the protein from a water-soluble conformation to a membrane-inserted conformation. while there is x-ray structure information for the soluble protein, no detailed structure exists for the membrane-inserted protein. however, ba ... | 2006 | 16385471 |
| vegetative insecticidal protein (vip1ac) of bacillus thuringiensis hd201: evidence for oligomer and channel formation. | the binding component (vip1ac) of the adp-ribosylating vegetative insecticidal protein (vip) of bacillus thuringiensis hd201 was isolated from the supernatant of cell cultures. vip1ac protein solubilized at room temperature ran as oligomers on sds-page. these oligomers were not resistant to heating. mass spectroscopic analysis of this high molecular mass band identified it as vip1ac. the protein formed in artificial lipid bilayer membranes channels with two conductance states of about 350 and 70 ... | 2006 | 16388604 |
| influence of cry1ac toxin on mineralization and bioavailability of glyphosate in soil. | the impact of transgenic plants containing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin on soil processes has received recent attention. in these studies, we examined the influence of the lepidopterean bt cry1ac toxin on mineralization and bioavailability of the herbicide glyphosate in two different soils. the addition of 0.25-1.0 microg g(-1) soil of purified cry1ac toxin did not significantly affect glyphosate mineralization and sorption in either a sandy loam or a sandy soil. in contrast, extractable gl ... | 2006 | 16390194 |
| a bacillus thuringiensis s-layer protein involved in toxicity against epilachna varivestis (coleoptera: coccinellidae). | the use of bacillus thuringiensis as a biopesticide is a viable alternative for insect control since the insecticidal cry proteins produced by these bacteria are highly specific; harmless to humans, vertebrates, and plants; and completely biodegradable. in addition to cry proteins, b. thuringiensis produces a number of extracellular compounds, including s-layer proteins (slp), that contribute to virulence. the s layer is an ordered structure representing a proteinaceous paracrystalline array whi ... | 2006 | 16391064 |
| use of bacillus thuringiensis toxins for control of the cotton pest earias insulana (boisd.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | thirteen of the most common lepidopteran-specific cry proteins of bacillus thuringiensis have been tested for their efficacy against newly hatched larvae of two populations of the spiny bollworm, earias insulana. at a concentration of 100 microg of toxin per milliliter of artificial diet, six cry toxins (cry1ca, cry1ea, cry1fa, cry1ja, cry2aa, and cry2ab) were not toxic at all. cry1aa, cry1ja, and cry2aa did not cause mortality but caused significant inhibition of growth. the other cry toxins (c ... | 2006 | 16391075 |
| protease inhibitors fail to prevent pore formation by the activated bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1aa in insect brush border membrane vesicles. | to investigate whether membrane proteases are involved in the activity of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxins, the rate of pore formation by trypsin-activated cry1aa was monitored in the presence of a variety of protease inhibitors with manduca sexta midgut brush border membrane vesicles and by a light-scattering assay. most of the inhibitors tested had no effect on the pore-forming ability of the toxin. however, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, a serine protease inhibitor, promoted pore fo ... | 2006 | 16391085 |
| role of tryptophan residues in toxicity of cry1ab toxin from bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis produces insecticidal proteins (cry protoxins) during the sporulation phase as parasporal crystals. during intoxication, the cry protoxins must change from insoluble crystals into membrane-inserted toxins which form ionic pores. the structural changes of cry toxins during oligomerization and insertion into the membrane are still unknown. the cry1ab toxin has nine tryptophan residues; seven are located in domain i, the pore-forming domain, and two are located in domain ii, ... | 2006 | 16391132 |
| detection and identification of cry1i genes in bacillus thuringiensis using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) method for detection and identification of cry1i genes from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) was established. based on the analysis of conserved regions of the cry1i genes, 2 oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify a 665-bp fragment of the genes. the amplification products were digested with restriction endonuclease hinfi or with rsai in addition for specific detection of different variants from the known subclas ... | 2006 | 16392002 |
| nontoxic crystal protein from bacillus thuringiensis demonstrates a remarkable structural similarity to beta-pore-forming toxins. | 2006 | 16400649 | |
| brush border membrane binding properties of bacillus thuringiensis vip3a toxin to heliothis virescens and helicoverpa zea midguts. | the binding properties of vip3a, a new family of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxins, have been examined in the major cotton pests, heliothis virescens and helicoverpa zea. vip3a bound specifically to brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) prepared from both insect larval midguts. in order to examine the cross-resistance potential of vip3a to the commercially available cry1ac and cry2ab2 toxins, the membrane binding site relationship among these toxins was investigated. competition binding ... | 2006 | 16337146 |
| an immuno-pcr method for detecting bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin. | the cry1ac toxin is an insecticidal protein produced by bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki. recently, the gene encoding the toxin was genetically transformed into crop plants. a specific and sensitive method for detecting the cry1ac toxin would facilitate monitoring for this protein in crop and non-crop plants and also in foods. the purpose of this study was to develop an immuno-pcr technique for detecting this toxin. immuno-pcr combines the specificity of an elisa reaction with the sensitivit ... | 2006 | 16337224 |
| new tool for spreading proteins to the environment: cry1ab toxin immobilized to bioplastics. | a new tool to provide an environmentally friendly way to deliver active proteins to the environment has been developed, based on the use of polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha, bioplastic) granules. to illustrate this novel approach, a derived cry1ab insect-specific toxin protein was in vivo immobilized into pha granules through the polypeptide tag biof. the new toxin, named fk-bt1, was shown to be active against sesamia nonagrioides (lepidoptera: noctuidae). the dose-mortality responses of the new toxin ... | 2006 | 16333620 |
| efficient centrifugal recovery of bacillus thuringiensis biopesticides from fermented wastewater and wastewater sludge. | studies were conducted on harvesting of bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-based biopesticides from fermented broths of starch industry wastewater (siw), wastewater sludge (raw and hydrolyzed-nh and th, respectively) and semi-synthetic soyameal to enhance entomotoxicity (tx) by centrifugation. pertinent factors influencing tx, solids concentration, ph, temperature and centrifugal force were investigated. the centrifugate solids concentration beyond 100 g/l did not enhance tx, instead caused pellet form ... | 2006 | 16515801 |
| conjugal transfer of a toxin-coding megaplasmid from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to mosquitocidal strains of bacillus sphaericus. | both bacillus sphaericus and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis produce mosquitocidal toxins during sporulation and are extensively used in the field for control of mosquito populations. all the known toxins of the latter organism are known to be encoded on a large plasmid, pbtoxis. in an attempt to combine the best properties of the two bacteria, an erythromycin resistance-marked pbtoxis plasmid was transferred to b. sphaericus by a mating technique. the resulting transconjugant bacteria ... | 2006 | 16517620 |
| transcriptional analysis of the toxin-coding plasmid pbtoxis from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis all of the insecticidal toxins are encoded on a single, large plasmid, pbtoxis. sequencing of this plasmid revealed 125 potential coding sequences, many of which have predicted functions in gene regulation and physiological processes, such as germination. as a first step in understanding the possible role of pbtoxis in its host bacterium, a survey of the transcription of genes with predicted functions was carried out. whereas many coding sequences, in ... | 2006 | 16517621 |
| the phytopathogen dickeya dadantii (erwinia chrysanthemi 3937) is a pathogen of the pea aphid. | dickeya dadantii (erwinia chrysanthemi) is a phytopathogenic bacterium causing soft rot diseases on many crops. the sequencing of its genome identified four genes encoding homologues of the cyt family of insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis, which are not present in the close relative pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum. the pathogenicity of d. dadantii was tested on the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum, and the bacterium was shown to be highly virulent for this insect, either ... | 2006 | 16517643 |
| response of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae to three xenobiotic exposures: larval tolerance and detoxifying enzyme activities. | the ability of mosquito larvae to tolerate toxic compounds (temephos, bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, toxic vegetable leaf litter) was examined on a laboratory larval strain of aedes aegypti l. bioassays and detoxifying enzyme activity measurements were performed to compare tolerance/resistance capacities. the possibility of a functional plasticity of detoxifying equipment was investigated through experimental determination of the inductive effect of each xenobiotic within a given gener ... | 2006 | 16519308 |
| behavioural responses and changes in biology of rice leaffolder following treatment with a combination of bacterial toxins and botanical insecticides. | ingestion of the bacterial toxins bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) sub sp kurstaki, neem seed kernel extract and vitex negundo l. (lamiales:verbenaceae) leaf extract to the rice leaffolder (rlf), cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), resulted in altered leaf-folding behaviour and biology. in laboratory experiments, treatment with plant extracts and bacterial toxins suppressed leaf folding behaviour of c. medinalis. larvae fed lower doses moulted into progressive instars, b ... | 2006 | 16524618 |
| potato expressing beetle-specific bacillus thuringiensis cry3aa toxin reduces performance of a moth. | expression of the bacillus thuringiensis beetle-specific toxin cry3aa, which renders a genetically modified potato cultivar resistant to the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata, exerts a deleterious effect on the polyphagous moth spodoptera littoralis. the caterpillars of s. littoralis feed less and produce smaller pupae on the genetically modified cultivar (newleaf superior) than on the parental nontransgenic cultivar (superior). the conversion efficiencies of total dry matter, com ... | 2006 | 16525866 |
| activity of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins against codling moth (cydia pomonella l.) larvae. | solubilized protoxins of nine cry1 and one hybrid cry1 delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis were tested for their activity against larvae of the codling moth (cydia pomonella l). cry1da was the most toxic, followed by cry1ab, cry1ba, and cry1ac, while cry1aa, cry1fa, cry1ia, and sn19 were still less active. cry1ca and cry1cb showed no activity. in vitro trypsin activation increased activity of all eight active delta-endotoxins, and dramatically enhanced toxicity of hybrid sn19, cry1aa, cr ... | 2006 | 16530218 |
| bacillus thuringiensis protein production, signal transduction, and insect control in chemically inducible pr-1a/cry1ab broccoli plants. | in an effort to develop a chemically inducible system for insect management, we studied production of cry1ab bacillus thuringiensis (bt) protein and control of the diamondback moth (dbm), plutella xylostella l., in inducer-treated and untreated tissues of a broccoli line transformed with a pr-1a/cry1ab expression cassette. spraying leaves of these plants with the inducer acibenzolar-s-methyl (= 1,2,3 benzothiadiazole-7-thiocarboxylic acid-s-methyl-ester) (asm) triggered expression of the cry1ab ... | 2006 | 16418860 |
| fiber-optic microsphere-based arrays for multiplexed biological warfare agent detection. | we report a multiplexed high-density dna array capable of rapid, sensitive, and reliable identification of potential biological warfare agents. an optical fiber bundle containing 6000 individual 3.1-mum-diameter fibers was chemically etched to yield microwells and used as the substrate for the array. eighteen different 50-mer single-stranded dna probes were covalently attached to 3.1-mum microspheres. probe sequences were designed for bacillus anthracis, yersinia pestis, francisella tularensis, ... | 2006 | 16478092 |
| a novel bacteriocin, thuricin 17, produced by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria strain bacillus thuringiensis neb17: isolation and classification. | the aim of this study was to identify and characterize a compound produced by the plant growth promoting bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis non-bradyrhizobium endophytic bacterium 17. | 2006 | 16478494 |