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prevalence and prediction of psychotropic drug use in california developmental centers.the extent of psychotropic drug use was evaluated in california's institutionalized developmentally disabled population (n = 6,450). mean psychotropic drug use was 35.4% for the entire population (range = 13.7% to 63.6% across institutions), with antipsychotic drug use at 26.8% (range = 11.0% to 59.6%). psychotropic drug use was positively associated with aggression, iq, depression, and self-injurious behavior, ps less than .0001; it was inversely associated with cerebral palsy and epilepsy. whe ...20092719845
[immunologic studies of secretory otitis].evaluation of total serum proteins and rist immunoelectrophoresis of immunoglobulins igg, iga and igm were carried out on a group of 35 children of both sexes suffering from secretory otitis. the transudate aspirated from the middle ear was examined only by immunoelectrophoresis. the values for albumin and gammaglobulins were decreased for all the patients. the values for rist were significantly lower than those where an allergic cause was present. the values for immunoglobulins in transudate we ...20092745169
the politics of employment-based insurance in the united states.analyses of the corporatization of u.s. health care typically focus on the political struggle between corporations and traditional health care providers, e.g., physicians. a neglected area of study is the struggle between corporations and their employees over the employment-based health insurance system. yet, since this system is currently the primary mechanism for financing health care in the united states, an analysis of its historical development is critical to any understanding of the corpor ...20092666317
repeated hepatic ischemia as a treatment for carcinoid liver metastases.hepatic ischemia has been used in the treatment of bilobar malignant carcinoid tumors in the liver. hepatic artery ligation, hepatic dearterialization, and embolization with nondegradable micromaterial have been followed by collateral formation and are associated with a high complication rate. to reduce this, an implantable vascular occluder permitting intermittent occlusion of the hepatic artery was used in 3 patients with bilateral malignant carcinoid in the liver, with high urinary excretion ...20092741468
lead toxicity and iron deficiency in utah migrant children.we determined the frequency of presumptive iron deficiency and lead toxicity in 198 utah migrant children, ages 9-72 months, during the summer of 1985. there were no confirmed cases of lead toxicity. thirteen per cent of those tested and 30 per cent of the children ages 9-23 months were iron deficient. hematocrit determinations accurately predicted iron deficiency in only 35 per cent of the children confirmed to have this disorder via erythrocyte protoporphyrin screening.20092650572
lead toxicity and iron deficiency in utah migrant children.we determined the frequency of presumptive iron deficiency and lead toxicity in 198 utah migrant children, ages 9-72 months, during the summer of 1985. there were no confirmed cases of lead toxicity. thirteen per cent of those tested and 30 per cent of the children ages 9-23 months were iron deficient. hematocrit determinations accurately predicted iron deficiency in only 35 per cent of the children confirmed to have this disorder via erythrocyte protoporphyrin screening.20092650572
[tuberculosis in patients undergoing hemodialysis].the incidence of tuberculosis is very high in patients treated by hemodialysis particularly in the early stage of hemodialysis. the diagnosis of tuberculosis in dialysis patients was obscured as symptoms were nonspecific and extrapulmonary involvement was seen frequently. we investigated cell mediated immunity in dialysis patients in relation to the period of dialysis. the data indicate that dialysis patients show the following immunological impairments; 1) lymphopenia, 2) decreased b cell, 3) a ...20092811001
[tuberculosis in patients undergoing hemodialysis].the incidence of tuberculosis is very high in patients treated by hemodialysis particularly in the early stage of hemodialysis. the diagnosis of tuberculosis in dialysis patients was obscured as symptoms were nonspecific and extrapulmonary involvement was seen frequently. we investigated cell mediated immunity in dialysis patients in relation to the period of dialysis. the data indicate that dialysis patients show the following immunological impairments; 1) lymphopenia, 2) decreased b cell, 3) a ...20092811001
[on classification and symptomatology of hypochondriasis]. 20092772066
[the development of emergency medical care in east germany--a status report].after the creation of a complex system of emergency medical care in the gdr, the present task is to take further measures to improve its effectiveness, using technical means and staff rationally. this requires consequences for the further development of prehospital emergency aid--especially of the control stations--and for the systemic improvement of the clinical base. an indispensable aspect of this process is postgraduate training of the personnel involved.20092690842
latvian dentists in the 1990s: a born-again profession? 20092679989
discussion on biological and genetic identity. 20092708498
auranofin (sk&f) in early rheumatoid arthritis: results from a 24-month double-blind, placebo-controlled study. effect on clinical and biochemical assessments.in a 2-year, randomized, double-blind nordic multicentre trial, auranofin was compared with placebo in early (disease duration less than or equal to 2 years), active rheumatoid arthritis (ra). efficacy and safety were analysed in 67 patients receiving auranofin and 65 receiving placebo. life table analysis demonstrated a significantly higher withdrawal rate due to insufficient therapeutic effect in the placebo group, whereas more patients dropped out due to side effects in the auranofin group. m ...20092688083
breast volume measurement of 598 women using biostereometric analysis.a study of the volumes of the right and left breasts of 598 subjects was undertaken using biostereometric analysis. this measurement uses close-range stereophotogrammetry to characterize the shape of the breast, and is noncontact, noninvasive, accurate, and rapid with respect to the subject involvement time. using chi-square tests, volumes and volumetric differences between breast pairs were compared with handedness, perception of breast size by each subject, age, and menstrual status. no signif ...20092729845
the 'wake-up test'. a new approach using drug infusions.a case is presented in which there was a need for a 'wake-up test'. a technique is described, employing alfentanil and vecuronium given by infusion, and the problems of anaesthetic management are discussed.20092863997
age-related changes in calcium metabolism. why they occur and what can be done.aging has myriad effects on calcium homeostasis and metabolism. levels of parathyroid hormone rise, making the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism more difficult. vitamin d levels decline, affecting the rate of calcium absorption from the intestine. as more and more physicians attempt to combat osteoporosis with calcium supplements, an increasing number of cases of hyperparathyroidism will likely be diagnosed. the use of supplemental calcium is probably appropriate for most elderly patients ...20092648367
[preparation of the colon for elective surgery].mechanical bowel preparation and antibiotic therapy have been conclusive to decrease morbi-mortality in elective colon surgery. two methods were compared: the traditional laxative and three days solution enemas method, and the 3-6 hours total intestinal irrigation method. we evaluated the patient's acceptance, intraoperative bowel preparation, and postoperative. we included 31 patients distributed in both groups and with similar procedures. our results showed up 80% effectiveness in colon cleani ...20092772480
[oxygen deficiency increases invasive activity and resistance of yersinia pseudotuberculosis to heat stress].to study effects of oxygen availability and presence of glucose in growth medium on adhesive and invasive properties of yersinia pseudotuberculosis as well as its resistance to heat stress during sharp rise of temperature from 8 degrees c to 37 degrees c.200919621813
structure of the o-polysaccharide of yersinia pseudotuberculosis o:2b.the o-polysaccharide was isolated by hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide of yersinia pseudotuberculosis o:2b, and studied by 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy. the following structure of the polysaccharide was established: alpha-abep. 1-->3. -->2) alpha-d-manp-(1-->3)-alpha-l-fucp-(1-->3)-beta-d-galpnac-(1-->. where abe stands for 3,6-dideoxy-d-xylo-hexose (abequose).200919084821
role of yersinia pseudotuberculosis outer proteins (yops) in murine humoral immune response.the infection of mice with the wild-type (wt) strain of y. pseudotuberculosis did not induce polyclonal activation of b lymphocytes. suppression in the production of certain isotypes of ig was observed, provoked mainly by yoph, yopj and ypka. the wt strain induced a progressive increase in the serum-specific igg, which peaked after 4 weeks after infection, igm being produced only after 1 week. autoantibodies against phosphorylcholine, myelin, thyroglobulin and cardiolipin could be detected in th ...200919649742
cell invasion of yersinia pseudotuberculosis by invasin and yada requires protein kinase c, phospholipase c-gamma1 and akt kinase.the outer membrane proteins yada and invasin of yersinia pseudotuberculosis promote invasion into mammalian cells through beta(1)-integrins and trigger the production of interleukin (il)-8. fak, c-src and the pi3 kinase were previously found to be important for both yada- and invasin-promoted uptake. here, we demonstrate that two different downstream effectors of pi3 kinase, akt and phospholipase cgamma1 are required for efficient cell invasion. inhibition of akt or phospholipase c-gamma (plc-ga ...200919681907
cell type-specific effects of yersinia pseudotuberculosis virulence effectors.one important feature of yersinia pseudotuberculosis that enables resistance against the host immune defence is delivery of the antiphagocytic effectors yoph and yope into phagocytic cells. the tyrosine phosphatase yoph influences integrin signalling, and yope impairs cytoskeletal dynamics by inactivating rho gtpases. here, we report the impact of these effectors on internalization by dendritic cells (dcs), which internalize antigens to orchestrate host immune responses. we found that this patho ...200919681909
characterisation of non-pathogenic yersinia pseudotuberculosis-like strains isolated from food and environmental samples.non-pathogenic yersinia pseudotuberculosis-like strains were recovered from finnish food and environmental samples. these strains could not be differentiated from y. pseudotuberculosis strains using api 20e or other phenotypical tests. however, all of the strains were inv-, and virf-negative with polymerase chain reaction (pcr), while all y. pseudotuberculosis strains used as controls were inv-positive and fresh y. pseudotuberculosis strains were also virf-positive, indicating that the y. pseudo ...200919095324
small molecule dnak modulators targeting the beta-domain.the molecular chaperone dnak is essential for the survival of bacterial pathogens in the hostile environment of the host. hence, it is in principle a promising target for drug design but for which no current inhibitors are available apart from certain antimicrobial peptides. to this end, we have screened libraries of small molecules for their ability to interact with the substrate-binding domain of dnak. the most promising hit from the screen was synthesized and along with its analogs subjected ...200919694756
structure of the o-antigen of yersinia pseudotuberculosis o:4a revised.the o-specific polysaccharide was isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of yersinia pseudotuberculosis o:4a and studied by nmr spectroscopy, including 2d roesy and (1)h, (13)c hmbc experiments. the following structure of the pentasaccharide repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established, which differs from the structure reported earlier [gorshkova, r. p. et al., bioorg. khim. 1983, 9, 1401-1407] in the linkage modes between the monosaccharides: [carbohydrate sequence ...200919117553
typing methods for the plague pathogen, yersinia pestis.phenotypic and genotypic methodologies have been used to differentiate the etiological agent of plague, yersinia pestis. historically, phenotypic methods were used to place isolates into one of three biovars based on nitrate reduction and glycerol fermentation. classification of y. pestis into genetic subtypes is problematic due to the relative monomorphic nature of the pathogen. resolution into groups is dependent on the number and types of loci used in the analysis. the last 5-10 years of rese ...200919714987
[the autoagglutination factor of plague pathogen--cross-reacting antigen].an antigen similar to the autoagglutination factor (af) of plague pathogen in immunochemical specificity was sought in 22 bacterial species. for this, an immunoglobulin anti-af diagnosticum that is the sheep erythrocytes sensitized with rabbit immune serum to the af preparation isolated from the plasmid-free variant of the yersinia pestis strain ev76. the bacteriological study applying a passive hemagglutination assay revealed af-like antigens not only in all study strains (n = 30) of y. pestis, ...200919718822
yersinia pseudotuberculosis virulence determinants invasin, yope, and yopt modulate rhog activity and localization.the yersinia pseudotuberculosis surface protein invasin binds to multiple beta1 integrins with high affinity, leading to misregulation of rac1 activity. upon host cell binding, alteration of rho gtpase activity results from the action of several yersinia outer proteins (yops) that are translocated into the cytoplasm. we report here that three virulence determinants encoded by y. pseudotuberculosis manipulate the rho gtpase rhog. y. pseudotuberculosis binding to cells caused robust recruitment of ...200919720752
prevalence of pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis in wild boars in switzerland.between october 2007 and march 2008, 153 wild boars shot in the canton of geneva in switzerland were sampled. fifty-one percent of the animals were males and 49% were females. the age of most (81%) animals varied between 6months and 2years. prevalence of enteropathogenic yersinia in tonsils and faeces was studied using culture and pcr methods and in tissue fluid of tonsils using an elisa system. prevalence of anti-yersinia antibodies in tissue fluid was 65%. detection rate of enteropathogenic ye ...200919723600
characterization of the specific o-polysaccharide structure and biosynthetic gene cluster of yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype o:15.yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotyping scheme contains 21 serotypes based on the distribution of about 30 different o-factors within the species. the chemical structures of lpss and the genetic basis of their biosynthesis has been determined for a number of y. pseudotuberculosis strains representing different serotypes; thus, an overall picture of the relationship between genetics and structures is emerging. in this work, we have performed a structural and genetic analysis of the y. pseudotuberc ...200919723831
attenuated enzootic (pestoides) isolates of yersinia pestis express active aspartase.it is established that yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic plague, recently evolved from enteropathogenic yersinia pseudotuberculosis by undergoing chromosomal degeneration while acquiring two unique plasmids that facilitate tissue invasion (ppcp) and dissemination by fleabite (pmt). thereafter, plague bacilli spread from central asia to sylvatic foci throughout the world. these epidemic isolates exhibit a broad host range including man as opposed to enzootic (pestoides) variants tha ...200919118360
cd8(+) t cells restrict yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection: bypass of anti-phagocytosis by targeting antigen-presenting cells.all yersinia species target and bind to phagocytic cells, but uptake and destruction of bacteria are prevented by injection of anti-phagocytic yop proteins into the host cell. here we provide evidence that cd8(+) t cells, which canonically eliminate intracellular pathogens, are important for restricting yersinia, even though bacteria are primarily found in an extracellular locale during the course of disease. in a model of infection with attenuated y. pseudotuberculosis, mice deficient for cd8(+ ...200919730693
species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative aerobic bacteria in hospitalized cancer patients.nosocomial infections pose significant threats to hospitalized patients, especially the immunocompromised ones, such as cancer patients.200919228413
an iron-regulated lysr-type element mediates antimicrobial peptide resistance and virulence in yersinia pseudotuberculosis.during the course of its infection of the mammalian digestive tract, the entero-invasive, gram-negative bacterium yersinia pseudotuberculosis must overcome various hostile living conditions (notably, iron starvation and the presence of antimicrobial compounds produced in situ). we have previously reported that in vitro bacterial growth during iron deprivation raises resistance to the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin b; here, we show that this phenotype is mediated by a chromosomal gene (yptb0333) ...200919389764
autoproteolysis of yscu of yersinia pseudotuberculosis is important for regulation of expression and secretion of yop proteins.yscu of yersinia can be autoproteolysed to generate a 10-kda c-terminal polypeptide designated yscu(cc). autoproteolysis occurs at the conserved n downward arrowpth motif of yscu. the specific in-cis-generated point mutants n263a and p264a were found to be defective in proteolysis. both mutants expressed and secreted yop proteins (yops) in calcium-containing medium (+ca(2+) conditions) and calcium-depleted medium (-ca(2+) conditions). the level of yop and lcrv secretion by the n263a mutant was a ...200919395493
the yersinia pseudotuberculosis ypla phospholipase differs in its activity, regulation and secretion from that of the yersinia enterocolitica ypla.analysis of the yersinia pseudotuberculosis and yersinia pestis genomes indicates that both species carry an identical copy of a gene that is predicted to encode a protein which shares 80% similarity to the yersinia enterocolitica ypla, a secreted phospholipase that has been shown to contribute to virulence. in contrast to well tolerated production of the y. enterocolitica ypla in escherichia coli, y. pseudotuberculosis ypla expression was found to be toxic; however, cell viability could be rest ...200919397992
oculoglandular syndrome caused by yersinia pseudotuberculosis in a dairy goat.an outbreak of ocular disease in a herd of housed dairy goats was characterized by severe granulomatous conjunctivitis and ipsilateral parotid and submandibular lymphadenopathy. in one case submitted for post-mortem examination, yersinia pseudotuberculosis was isolated from both the conjunctiva and submandibular lymph node. histopathological examination identified severe chronic active suppurative and lymphoplasmacytic conjunctivitis and suppurative and necrotizing lymphadenitis associated with ...200919410261
cycle inhibiting factors (cifs) are a growing family of functional cyclomodulins present in invertebrate and mammal bacterial pathogens.the cycle inhibiting factor (cif) produced by enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli was the first cyclomodulin to be identified that is injected into host cells via the type iii secretion machinery. cif provokes cytopathic effects characterized by g(1) and g(2) cell cycle arrests, accumulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (ckis) p21(waf1/cip1) and p27(kip1) and formation of actin stress fibres. the x-ray crystal structure of cif revealed it to be a divergent member ...200919308257
inactivation of yersinia pseudotuberculosis, as a surrogate for yersinia pestis, by liquid biocides in the presence of food residue.the efficacy of liquid biocides is influenced by surface cleanliness, treatment time, and temperature. experiments were completed to measure the impact of these variables on the ability of commercial biocides to inactivate yersinia pseudotuberculosis atcc 29910, as a surrogate for yersinia pestis, in the presence of food residues. the test organism was mixed with water, milk, flour, or egg yolk and then dried onto stainless steel coupons. coupons were then exposed to sodium hypochlorite, acidifi ...200919350985
toll-like receptor 2 is critical for induction of reg3 beta expression and intestinal clearance of yersinia pseudotuberculosis.yersinia pseudotuberculosis causes ileitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis by mainly invading the peyer's patches that are positioned in the terminal ileum. whereas toll-like-receptor 2 (tlr2) controls mucosal inflammation by detecting certain microbiota-derived signals, its exact role in protecting peyer's patches against bacterial invasion has not been defined.200919174417
protochlorophyllide: a new photosensitizer for the photodynamic inactivation of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.the growing resistance against antibiotics demands the search for alternative treatment strategies. photodynamic therapy is a promising candidate. the natural intermediate of chlorophyll biosynthesis, protochlorophyllide, was produced, purified and tested as a novel photosensitizer for the inactivation of five model organisms including staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes and yersinia pseudotuberculosis, all responsible for serious clinical infections. when microorganisms were exposed t ...200919025572
[small-bowel gangrene revealing a yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection]. 200918995977
attenuation and preserved immunogenic potential of yersinia pseudotuberculosis mutant strains evidenced in oral pig model.experimental oral infection of pigs with a parental yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain pib102, serotype o:3 and two mutant isogenic strains - pib155,deltayopk and pib44,deltaypka has been carried out. clinical findings, microbiological and immunological parameters were examined in dynamics from day 7 to day 60 post-infection (p.i.). all types of infections ran asymptomatically, without hyperthermia, loss of appetite, etc. experiments on the blood parameters demonstrated a transient leucocytosis ...200918793276
structure of the o-antigen of yersinia pseudotuberculosis o:4b.the structure of the long-chain o-antigen of yersinia pseudotuberculosis o:4b containing two uncommon deoxy sugars, tyvelose (3,6-dideoxy-d-arabino-hexose, tyv) and 6-deoxy-d-manno-heptose (d-6dmanhep), was established by 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy as alpha-tyvp-(1-->3)-beta-d-6dmanhepp 1-->4 -->3)-alpha-d-galp-(1-->3)-beta-d-glcpnac-(1-->.200918950749
yersinia pseudotuberculosis causing a large outbreak associated with carrots in finland, 2006.a large outbreak of yersinia pseudotuberculosis o:1 infection affected over 400 children from 23 schools and 5 day-care centres in two municipalities in southern finland in august-september, 2006. a retrospective cohort study conducted in a large school centre showed that the outbreak was strongly associated with the consumption of grated carrots served at a school lunch. the risk of illness increased with the amount of carrots eaten. poor quality carrots grown the previous year had been deliver ...200918177523
a conserved alpha-helix essential for a type vi secretion-like system of francisella tularensis.francisella tularensis harbors genes with similarity to genes encoding components of a type vi secretion system (t6ss) recently identified in several gram-negative bacteria. these genes include igla and iglb encoding igla and iglb, homologues of which are conserved in most t6sss. we used a yeast two-hybrid system to study the interaction of the igl proteins of f. tularensis lvs. we identified a region of igla, encompassing residues 33 to 132, necessary for efficient binding to iglb, as well as f ...200919201795
galleria mellonella as an alternative infection model for yersinia pseudotuberculosis.we report that larvae of the wax moth (galleria mellonella) are susceptible to infection with the human enteropathogen yersinia pseudotuberculosis at 37 degrees c. confocal microscopy demonstrated that in the initial stages of infection the bacteria were taken up into haemocytes. to evaluate the utility of this model for screening y. pseudotuberculosis mutants we constructed and tested a superoxide dismutase c (sodc) mutant. this mutant showed increased susceptibility to superoxide, a key mechan ...200919383703
innate immune recognition of yersinia pseudotuberculosis type iii secretion.specialized protein translocation systems are used by many bacterial pathogens to deliver effector proteins into host cells that interfere with normal cellular functions. how the host immune system recognizes and responds to this intrusive event is not understood. to address these questions, we determined the mammalian cellular response to the virulence-associated type iii secretion system (t3ss) of the human pathogen yersinia pseudotuberculosis. we found that macrophages devoid of toll-like rec ...200919997504
molecular darwinian evolution of virulence in yersinia pestis. 200919289506
yersinia pseudotuberculosis in a closed colony of egyptian fruit bats (rousettus aegyptiacus).an outbreak of yersinia pseudotuberculosis (yptb) occurred in a closed colony of egyptian fruit bats (rousettus aegyptiacus) and resulted in the death of seven bats over a 6-week period. an initial survey of the remaining bats revealed visceral abscessation characteristic of pseudotuberculosis in five of the 12 bats examined (41.7%), inciting depopulation of the colony. at necropsy, 70% of the 115 bats in the colony exhibited gross evidence suggestive of yptb infection, including mesenteric lymp ...200919368235
pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica 2/o:9 and yersinia pseudotuberculosis 1/o:1 strains isolated from human and non-human sources in the plateau state of nigeria.foodborne yersiniosis, caused by enteropathogenic yersinia, especially yersinia enterocolitica, is an important cause of diarrhea in developed countries, especially in temperate zones. since studies concerning the presence of enteropathogenic yersinia in humans and foods are rare in developing countries and tropical areas, human and non-human samples were studied in plateau state of nigeria to obtain information on the epidemiology of y. enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis. surprising ...200919835774
steps toward broad-spectrum therapeutics: discovering virulence-associated genes present in diverse human pathogens.new and improved antimicrobial countermeasures are urgently needed to counteract increased resistance to existing antimicrobial treatments and to combat currently untreatable or new emerging infectious diseases. we demonstrate that computational comparative genomics, together with experimental screening, can identify potential generic (i.e., conserved across multiple pathogen species) and novel virulence-associated genes that may serve as targets for broad-spectrum countermeasures.200919874620
yersinia pseudotuberculosis septicemia in a beaver from washington state.an emaciated, free-ranging, sub-adult, male beaver (castor canadensis) was found dead and was necropsied. microscopically, the beaver had acute necrotizing hepatitis and splenitis with florid lobulated colonies of extracellular coccobacilli. intravascular septic emboli were identified in lung, small intestine, and kidney, and discrete ulcers with scattered superficial extracellular accumulation of coccobacilli were noted on tail margins and plantar surfaces of the hind feet. yersinia pseudotuber ...200919901394
inactivation of yersinia pseudotuberculosis 197 and francisella tularensis lvs in beverages by high pressure processing.in 2003, the u.s. department of health and human services announced a new research program to develop technologies and strategies to prevent and minimize potential food safety and security threats. the threat of terrorist attacks against the nation's food supplies has created the need to study microorganisms not typically associated with foodborne illness. high-pressure processing has been proposed as a treatment to reduce yersinia pestis and francisella tularensis lvs levels in beverages. the o ...200919205479
susceptibility to yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection is linked to the pattern of macrophage activation.t helper 1 cells play a crucial role in the clearance of yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection. by producing cytokines and presenting antigens to t cells, activated macrophages can orientate the adaptive immune response. the pathway used by macrophages to metabolize arginine has been employed as an important parameter to discriminate their activation state. in this study, the pattern of macrophage activation in y. pseudotuberculosis-infected balb/c (yersinia-susceptible) and c57bl/6 (yersinia-re ...200919284495
the o-specific polysaccharide structure and biosynthetic gene cluster of yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype o:11.in the yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotyping scheme, 21 serotypes are present originating from about 30 different o-factors distributed within the species. with regard to the chemical structures of lipopolysaccharides (lpss) and the genetic basis of their biosynthesis, a number, but not all, of y. pseudotuberculosis strains representing different serotypes have been investigated. in order to present an overall picture of the relationship between genetics and structures, we have been working on ...200919505680
yersinia pseudotuberculosis causing abscesses in a 31-year-old patient in the post-immunosuppression period after allogeneic hsct. 200918978823
th1-type immune response to infection by pyv-cured phop-phoq null mutant of yersinia pseudotuberculosis is defective in mouse model.the phop-phoq two-component system of yersinia pseudotuberculosis, a gram-negative enteric pathogen which causes a variety of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal infections in humans, has been shown to be necessary for virulence. a phop-phoq null mutant of a strain of y. pseudotuberculosis cured of its native plasmid pyv was obtained and studied for generation of immune response in mouse model following intravenous inoculation. the phop-phoq null mutant elicited much weaker igg antibody respons ...200918985430
the response regulator phop negatively regulates yersinia pseudotuberculosis and yersinia pestis biofilms.a few yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains form biofilms on the head of the nematode caenorhabditis elegans, but numerous others do not. we show that a widely used y. pseudotuberculosis strain, ypiii, is biofilm positive because of a mutation in phop, which encodes the response regulator of a two-component system. for two wild-type y. pseudotuberculosis that do not make biofilms on c. elegans, deletion of phop was sufficient to produce robust biofilms. in yersinia pestis, a phop mutant made more ...200919025559
isolation of yersinia spp. from cases of diarrhoea in iraqi infants and children.all 250 children presenting with diarrhoea at 2 teaching hospitals in mosul, iraq over a 9-month period were studied for the presence of yersinia spp. in stools by cold-enrichment culture at 4 degrees c for 21 days. pathogenicity of the isolated yersinia was determined. antibodies to y. enterocolitica were raised for rapid yersinia detection in the stool. yersinia spp. were isolated from the stools of only 4 patients; 3 isolates were identified as y. enterocolitica and 1 was y. pseudotuberculosi ...200919554973
prevalence of enteropathogenic yersinia in estonian, latvian, and russian (leningrad region) pigs.tonsils of 457 fattening pigs from estonia (n = 151), latvia (n = 109), and the leningrad region of russia (n = 197) were collected between 2004 and 2007 to study the prevalence of enteropathogenic yersinia in slaughter pigs. yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis were isolated by selective and cold enrichment. pathogenic y. enterocolitica and y. pseudotuberculosis were identified by pcr targeting the chromosomal genes ail and inv, respectively. the presence of the virulence pla ...200919580449
oral vaccination with lcrv from yersinia pestis kim delivered by live attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium elicits a protective immune response against challenge with yersinia pseudotuberculosis and yersinia enterocolitica.the use of live recombinant attenuated salmonella vaccines (rasv) synthesizing yersinia proteins is a promising approach for controlling infection by yersinia species. in this study, we constructed attenuated salmonella strains which synthesize a truncated form of lcrv, lcrv196 and evaluated the immune response and protective efficacy elicited by these strains in mice against two other major species of yersinia: yersinia pseudotuberculosis and yersinia enterocolitica. surprisingly, we found that ...200919596407
yersinia outer protein yope affects the actin cytoskeleton in dictyostelium discoideum through targeting of multiple rho family gtpases.all human pathogenic yersinia species share a virulence-associated type iii secretion system that translocates yersinia effector proteins into host cells to counteract infection-induced signaling responses and prevent phagocytosis. dictyostelium discoideum has been recently used to study the effects of bacterial virulence factors produced by internalized pathogens. in this study we explored the potential of dictyostelium as model organism for analyzing the effects of ectopically expressed yersin ...200919602247
[yersiniosis in poland in 2007].the total number of 233 yersiniosis cases were reported in 2007 in poland. the incidence rate was 0.62 per 100,000 population. in this year 182 cases of enteric yersiniosis and 51 cases of extra intestinal yersiniosis were notified. about 61% of patients were hospitalized. no death linked to yersiniosis were reported. the most frequent clinical manifestations of intestinal yersiniosis were diarrhoea (100% of cases), high temperature (79%), abdominal pain (38%) and vomits (31%). out of 51 extra i ...200919799249
real-time multiplex pcr assay for detection of yersinia pestis and yersinia pseudotuberculosis.a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for the detection of yersinia pestis and yersinia pseudotuberculosis. the assay includes four primer pairs, two of which are specific for y. pestis, one for y. pestis and y. pseudotuberculosis and one for bacteriophage lambda; the latter was used as an internal amplification control. the y. pestis-specific target genes in the assay were ypo2088, a gene coding for a putative methyltransferase, and the pla gene coding for th ...200919161535
the pathogenic properties of a novel and conserved gene product, kerv, in proteobacteria.identification of novel virulence factors is essential for understanding bacterial pathogenesis and designing antibacterial strategies. in this study, we uncover such a factor, termed kerv, in proteobacteria. experiments carried out in a variety of eukaryotic host infection models revealed that the virulence of a pseudomonas aeruginosa kerv null mutant was compromised when it interacted with amoebae, plants, flies, and mice. bioinformatics analyses indicated that kerv is a hypothetical methyltra ...200919779606
[influence of cultivation temperature of yersinia pseudotuberculosis on the immunobiological properties of lipopolysaccharide].to study relationship between yersinia pseudotuberculosis cultivation temperature and immunobiological properties of lypopolysaccharide (lps).200919459469
protection against yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection conferred by a lactococcus lactis mucosal delivery vector secreting lcrv.herein, we sought to evaluate the potential of a recombinant lactococcus lactis strain secreting the yersinia pseudotuberculosis low-calcium response v (lcrv) antigen for mucosal vaccination against yersinia infections. we showed that the recombinant strain induced specific systemic and mucosal antibody and cellular immune responses after intranasal immunization and protected mice against both oral and systemic y. pseudotuberculosis infections. this constitutes the first proof of principle for a ...200919135495
the membrane localization domain is required for intracellular localization and autoregulation of yope in yersinia pseudotuberculosis.recent work has shown that a domain of yope of yersinia pseudotuberculosis ranging from amino acids 54 to 75 (r. krall, y. zhang, and j. t. barbieri, j. biol. chem. 279:2747-2753, 2004) is required for proper localization of yope after ectopic expression in eukaryotic cells. this domain, called the membrane localization domain (mld), has not been extensively studied in yersinia. therefore, an in cis mld deletion mutant of yope was created in y. pseudotuberculosis. the mutant was found to secrete ...200919687205
retraction: wang yao, et al. the flhdc gene affects motility and biofilm formation in yersinia pseudotuberculosis. sci china ser c-life sci, 2007, 50(6): 814-821. 200919727599
superantigen-presentation by rat major histocompatibility complex class ii molecules rt1.bl and rt1.dl.rat major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii molecules rt1.b(l) (dq-like) and rt1.d(l) (dr-like) were cloned from the lew strain using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and expressed in mouse l929 cells. the transduced lines bound mhc class ii-specific monoclonal antibodies in an mhc-isotype-specific manner and presented peptide antigens and superantigens to t-cell hybridomas. the t-cell-hybridomas responded well to all superantigens presented by human mhc class ii, whereas ...200919740318
n255 is a key residue for recognition by a monoclonal antibody which protects against yersinia pestis infection.mab7.3 to yersinia pestis lcrv antigen (lcrv(ype)) protected j774a.1 macrophages in vitro from killing by a yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain expressing lcrv(ype). of 4 site-directed mutations in the coiled-coil region (148-169) and 7 mutations in the 225-255 sequence of lcrv(ype), only the mutation of n255 to d255, abrogated the binding of mab7.3 and reduced its protective capacity against plague. since the mab7.3 epitope in lcrv(ype) (135-275) encompasses a region (136-180) thought to be expo ...200919786138
innate immune response during yersinia infection: critical modulation of cell death mechanisms through phagocyte activation.yersinia pestis, the etiological agent of plague, is one of the most deadly pathogens on our planet. this organism shares important attributes with its ancestral progenitor, yersinia pseudotuberculosis, including a 70-kb virulence plasmid, lymphotropism during growth in the mammalian host, and killing of host macrophages. infections with both organisms are biphasic, where bacterial replication occurs initially with little inflammation, followed by phagocyte influx, inflammatory cytokine producti ...200919734471
revision of the o-polysaccharide structure of yersinia pseudotuberculosis o:1b.the o-polysaccharide of yersinia pseudotuberculosis o:1b was reinvestigated using (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy, and the anomeric configuration of the mannose residue at the branching point was revised. the following is the revised structure of the o-polysaccharide: [structure: see the text] where par stands for 3,6-dideoxy-d-ribo-hexose (paratose). the revised structure of the main chain is shared by the o-polysaccharide of y. pseudotuberculosis o:11, which differs in the presence of a latera ...200919800615
interaction of yersinia with the gut: mechanisms of pathogenesis and immune evasion.yersinia entercolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis are human foodborne pathogens that interact extensively with tissues of the gut and the host's immune system to cause disease. as part of their pathogenic strategies, the yersinia have evolved numerous ways to invade host tissues, gain essential nutrients, and evade host immunity. technological advances over the last 10 years have revolutionized our understanding of host-pathogen interactions. the application of these new technologies has al ...200919812980
diagnostic bioluminescent phage for detection of yersinia pestis.yersinia pestis is the etiological agent of the plague. because of the disease's inherent communicability, rapid clinical course, and high mortality, it is critical that an outbreak, whether it is natural or deliberate, be detected and diagnosed quickly. the objective of this research was to generate a recombinant luxab ("light")-tagged reporter phage that can detect y. pestis by rapidly and specifically conferring a bioluminescent signal response to these cells. the bacterial luxab reporter gen ...200919828743
functional characterization of flgm in the regulation of flagellar synthesis and motility in yersinia pseudotuberculosis.we describe here the functional characterization of the flgm gene in yersinia pseudotuberculosis. direct interaction of flgm with the alternative sigma factor sigma(28) (flia) was first confirmed. a conserved region in the c-terminus of flgm was found which included the sigma(28) binding domain. by site-directed mutagenesis, bacterial two-hybrid analysis and western blotting, the primary flgm binding sites with sigma(28) were shown to be ile85, ala86 and leu89. a role for flgm in swimming motili ...200919383707
[study of ability to form biofilms in main and non-main subspecies of yersinia pestis strains].to compare biofilm formation in main and non-main subspecies of yersinia pestis strains as well as in yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains and to study influence of different genes on expression of this characteristic in different subspecies of y. pestis.200920063786
ompr positively regulates urease expression to enhance acid survival of yersinia pseudotuberculosis.yersinia pseudotuberculosis is an enteric bacterium which must overcome the acidic stress in host organs for successful colonization, but how this bacterium survives in acidic conditions remains largely unknown. in the present study, the importance of ompr in acid survival of y. pseudotuberculosis ypiii was confirmed by the fact that mutation of ompr (strain deltaompr) greatly reduced cell survival at ph 4.5 or lower. to characterize the regulatory role of ompr in this acid survival process, pro ...200919443542
small rna identification in enterobacteriaceae using synteny and genomic backbone retention ii.small rnas are bacterial counterparts of noncoding rnas. increasing evidence being added in the literature indicates that these small rnas play major roles in prokaryotes both at the transcriptome and proteome levels. based on comparative genomic studies, we present manually curated small rna regions in 25 recently completed genomes from enterobacteriaceae. the study is a continuation of our earlier work that uses the presence of small rnas sandwiched between specific conserved flanking genes re ...200919445646
chaperone skp from yersinia pseudotuberculosis exhibits immunoglobulin g binding ability.a low-molecular-weight cationic protein that can bind human and rabbit immunoglobulins g has been isolated from yersinia pseudotuberculosis cells. this immunoglobulin binding protein (ibp) interacts with igg fc-fragment, the association constant of the resulting complex being 3.1 microm(-1). maldi-tof mass spectrometry analysis of ibp revealed its molecular mass of 16.1 kda, and capillary isoelectrofocusing analysis showed pi value of 9.2. n-terminal sequence determination by edman degradation r ...200919463094
inhibition of cytokinesis by clostridium difficile toxin b and cytotoxic necrotizing factors--reinforcing the critical role of rhoa in cytokinesis.low molecular weight gtp-binding proteins of the rho family control the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells. rhoa governs the formation of actin stress fibers and is responsible for the formation of the contractile ring in cytokinesis. cytokinesis completion requires rhoa inactivation resulting in disassembly of the contractile ring. cytokinesis thus requires switching of rhoa activity. this switch of rhoa activity is blocked by rho-modifying bacterial protein toxins that ...200919504561
a new member of a growing toxin family--escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor 3 (cnf3).the escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factors, cnf1, cnf2 and cnfy from yersinia pseudotuberculosis belong to a family of deamidating toxins. cnfs deamidate glutamine 63/61 in the switch ii region of rho gtpases that is essential for gtpase activity. recently, a novel member of the cnf family has been described in necrotoxigenic e. coli (ntec) from sheep and goats which shares about 70% sequence identity with cnf1. here we cloned, expressed, purified and characterized the toxin with respect ...200919520097
[comparative analysis of distribution of pseudogenes in the genome of strains of basic and supplementary species of the plague infection agent].comparative analysis of distribution of pseudogenes (ypo1582, ypo1728, ypo1967, and ypo4008) of strains of basic and supplementary species of the plague infection agent and pseudotuberculosis infection agent was performed. the genome of basic subspecies of plague infection agent species strain contains 3 different variants: intact genes, genes with is-element inserts, or individual fragments. the pseudogene profile can be used as genetic marker of the y. pestis strains of basic subspecies from n ...200919522066
the activities of the yersinia protein kinase a (ypka) and outer protein j (yopj) virulence factors converge on an eif2alpha kinase.the yersinia protein kinase a (ypka) and outer protein j (yopj) are co-expressed from a single transcript and are injected directly into eukaryotic cells by the plague bacterium yersinia pestis. when overexpressed in vertebrate or yeast cells, ypka disrupts the actin-based cytoskeletal system by an unknown mechanism, whereas yopj obstructs inductive chemokine expression by inhibiting mapk and nf-kappab signaling. previously, we showed that the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe was sensitiv ...200919553678
elucidating the formation of 6-deoxyheptose: biochemical characterization of the gdp-d-glycero-d-manno-heptose c6 dehydratase, dmha, and its associated c4 reductase, dmhb.6-deoxyheptose is found within the surface polysaccharides of several bacterial pathogens. in yersinia pseudotuberculosis, it is important for the barrier function of the o-antigen in vitro and for bacterial dissemination in vivo. the putative c6 dehydratase dmha and c4 reductase dmhb, that were identified as responsible for 6-deoxyheptose synthesis based on genetics data, represent potential therapeutical targets. their detailed biochemical characterization is presented herein. the substrate, g ...200919610666
tularemia, plague, yersiniosis, and tyzzer's disease in wild rodents and lagomorphs in canada: a review.information related to infection of wild rodents or lagomorphs in canada by francisella tularensis, yersinia pestis, other yersinia spp., and clostridium piliforme was searched for this study. reports on tularemia in humans linked to these species came from diagnostic databases, literature, wildlife health specialists, and public health agencies. tularemia has been diagnosed in 8 species of wild rodent and 2 species in the genus lepus in canada. tularemia occurred in wild animals, or in humans a ...200920190973
positive regulation of flhdc expression by ompr in yersinia pseudotuberculosis.ompr has been demonstrated to negatively regulate the expression of the flagellar master operon flhdc in a wide variety of bacterial species. here we report the positive regulation of flhdc expression by ompr in yersinia pseudotuberculosis. a sigma(70)-dependent promoter was identified by primer extension analysis and an active region with two conserved ompr-binding sites around the flhdc promoter was confirmed. to confirm the regulation of flhdc expression by ompr, flhdc as well as the downstre ...200919643764
n-hydroxybenzimidazole inhibitors of the transcription factor lcrf in yersinia: novel antivirulence agents.lcrf, a multiple adaptational response (mar) transcription factor, regulates virulence in yersinia pestis and yersinia pseudotuberculosis. in a search for small molecule inhibitors of lcrf, an acrylic amide series of n-hydroxybenzimidazoles was synthesized and the sar (structure-activity relationship) was examined. selected test compounds demonstrated inhibitory activity in a primary cell-free lcrf-dna binding assay as well as in a secondary whole cell assay (type iii secretion system dependent ...200919708663
immunogenic characteristics of recombinant ompf-like porin from yersinia pseudotuberculosis outer membrane.we studied the capacity of outer membrane pore-forming recombinant protein from yersinia pseudotuberculosis to initiate the development of immune response in cba mice. immunization with the recombinant protein induces the production of igg antibodies with and without adjuvants. high-avidity immune serum was obtained as a result of immunization. bactericidal activity of peritoneal macrophages from mice immunized with recombinant protein was significantly higher than that of intact mouse macrophag ...200919902101
outbreak of erythema nodosum of unknown cause - new mexico, november 2007-january 2008.erythema nodosum (en) is a form of panniculitis, which has been associated with several infectious and noninfectious etiologies. en clusters have been associated with outbreaks of coccidioides immitis, histoplasma capsulatum, and yersinia pseudotuberculosis infections. in december 2007, a physician in a rural new mexico community of approximately 10,000 persons reported to the new mexico department of health (nmdoh) that 13 patients had been diagnosed with en since mid-november. no en outbreak h ...200920010510
[clinical and prognostic criteria for different forms and types of the course of yersinia infection].to reveal the prognostically significant symptom complexes of pseudotuberculosis/yersiniasis in their different forms and types.200920141009
[principles of speciation of the plague causative agent yersinia pestis: gradualism or saltation?].the saltation origin of the causative agent of the plague yersinia pestis from the pseudotuberculosis microbe y. pseudotuberculosis o:1b has been proclaimed in recent investigations on molecular genetics. the speciation process in this case is proposed to be connected with horizontal inclusion of exogenous genetic structures (such as specific plasmids pfra and ppst) into the genome of the ancestral form. the alternative "darwinian" model of the gradual origin of the plague agent is proposed base ...200920146413
[antimicrobial susceptibility of yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains isolated from humans in poland during 2004-2009].the number of yersiniosis has increased in the last few years in poland, especially an increase of yersinia enterocolitica bioserotype 1b/o:8 infections was observed. from 2004 to 2009 265 of y. enterocolitica 4/o:3, 108 of y. enterocolitica 1b/o:8, 8 of y. enterocolitica 2/o:9 and 4 of y. pseudotuberculosis clinical isolates were collected. to obtain basic data for resistance monitoring purpose 385 yersinia strains were tested by standard disc diffusion method for their susceptibilities to 12 a ...200920201320
spontaneous yersiniosis due to yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype 7 in a squirrel monkey.a captive male bolivian squirrel monkey (saimiri boliviensis) of less than 1 year of age died following diarrhea and debilitation on the day of death. at necropsy, necrotizing enteritis accompanied with enlarged peyer's patches, solitary lymphatic follicles and mesenteric lymph nodes, and multiple yellowish-white nodules in the spleen and liver were found. histopathologically, these lesions were necrotizing inflammation containing gram-negative bacilli. yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype 7 was ...200920046036
use of yohimbine to counteract nortriptyline-induced orthostatic hypotension. 20092708559
[changes in hemodynamic indices during perfusion with pulsatile and steady currents in aortocoronary bypass surgery].hemodynamic parameters were compared in 28 patients with ischemic heart disease subject to cardiopulmonary bypass surgery with non-pulsatile (group 1) and pulsatile flow (group 2). systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure (mbp) was assessed, total peripheral vascular resistance (tpvr) was calculated, esophageal, rectal and skin temperature was measured. volumetric perfusion rate was the same in both groups. pulse pressure was maintained at the level of 35 mmhg. mbp at the stage of hypothermia ...20092629547
factors that affect the induction of gamma glutamyltransferase in epileptic patients receiving anti-convulsant drugs.serum samples from 335 epileptic patients receiving one or more anticonvulsant drugs, phenobarbitone, primidone and phenytoin, have been analysed for biochemical liver profile (blp) and serum drug concentration. the results show that the induction of serum gamma glutamyltransferase (ggt) is affected by the sex and age of the patient, type of anti-convulsant drug prescribed and duration of treatment. it is less affected by serum drug concentration. it is suggested that these factors must be consi ...20092889417
the use of ketamine in civilian and military surgery. 20092757178
high serum interleukin-2 receptor levels correlate with a poor prognosis in children with hodgkin's disease.to improve the biologic evaluation of hodgkin's disease, we determined serum interleukin-2 receptor (il2r) levels in 88 children with this tumor. in patients with stage iii or iv disease, the median receptor level was significantly higher than in patients with lower stages (3195 vs. 1087 u/ml, p = 0.0001). similarly, the median level for children with stage b disease was 3262 u/ml, compared with 999 u/ml for those lacking constitutional symptoms (p = 0.0001). patients with very high soluble il2r ...20092786597
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