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some findings on the pathology of the motor nerves of the limbs during medical diseases: the possibility of proximal involvement with conservation of distal excitability. 20124103553
[role of walking in the rehabilitation of coronary patients]. 20124207454
community psychiatry--a changing locus of rejection? 20123393415
ruptured tibialis posterior tendon in a closed ankle fracture.interposition of a ruptured tibialis posterior tendon between the medial malleolar fracture fragments in a closed pronation-eversion ankle fracture occurred in a 21-year-old woman. the tendon rupture was not diagnosed before surgery but was recognized at the time of open reduction. the tendon was repaired and the fracture internally fixed. twelve months after the operation, the patient had a nearly full range of pain-free ankle movements and a normal longitudinal arch.20123370869
[congenital glaucoma. apropos of 2 cases]. 20123365110
rapid determination of aflatoxins in raw peanuts by liquid chromatography with postcolumn iodination and modified minicolumn cleanup.a method is described for rapid cleanup followed by reverse-phase liquid chromatographic (lc) quantitation of aflatoxins in raw peanuts. a modified minicolumn cleanup is used for sample preparation, and a preliminary estimation of aflatoxin content by minicolumn can be made so that highly contaminated samples can be diluted before lc analysis. the use of the simple, quick minicolumn cleanup eliminates the need for further column or cartridge cleanup, thus greatly reducing sample preparation time ...20123360705
an emergency laryngoscope (that works) for r35. 20123381159
drosophila adh: a promoter element expands the tissue specificity of an enhancer.drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) genes are expressed in the fat body and in species-specific sets of other tissues during larval and adult development. the drosophila mulleri adh-1 gene is expressed in the larval fat body and in three other larval tissues. in this paper, we show that adh-1 expression in multiple cell types is the result of synergistic interactions between fat body-specific enhancers and a specific adh-1 promoter element.20123365768
[the management of ascites]. 20124162396
results of fractional lengthening of the finger flexors in adults with upper extremity spasticity.flexor spasticity is common in the upper extremity after insult to the central nervous system. this leads to decreased function and hygiene problems as a result of the inability to extend the fingers. the results of fractional lengthening of the finger flexors of 27 patients with upper extremity flexor spasticity of the finger flexors were examined. patients were divided preoperatively into those with potentially functional hands and those who were nonfunctional based on the presence of motor co ...20123611656
[effect of anaprilin on the humoral and cellular immune response].the immunosuppressive effect of anaprilin on humoral and cellular responses was established during experiments on mice. the influence of the drug on the phenomenon of hypersensitivity of delayed type begins to be revealed at the lower dose of the drug (0.5 mg/kg) as compared with the inhibitory action of the beta-adrenoblocker on antibody formation (1 mg/kg).20123609279
clinical spectrum of primary empty sella turcica.over recent years empty sella turcica has become more frequently diagnosed with high resolution computerized tomography and the associated clinical abnormalities have been better described. in this article the spectrum of clinical presentation is based on a review of 26 cases with six illustrative case reports. recommendations for management and further assessment are presented. it is important for clinicians to be aware of the varying presentations of this syndrome, since it should not be consi ...20123270319
use of guanabenz in methadone withdrawal. 20124025641
cosinor demonstration of circatrigintan (circavigintan) biorhythm in cell component volume of female urethral ejaculate.in urethral expulsions of a multipara, aged 37 years, induced by digital stimulation over a time span of almost one and a half 26-day menstrual cycle, the volume of desquamated cellular component changed, according to two nearly identical versions of cosinor, with the period of 22-27 days, with the acrophase between 17th and 23rd day of menstrual cycle and with the amplitude between 0.5 and 1.2 ml/day. the issue testifies to periodic quantitative changes in squamous cells of vaginal type in fema ...20123731948
effect of water storage in silver container on the viability of enteric bacterial pathogens.silver is one of the heavy metals traditionally played major role in the human life. it is used in the form of ornaments or as containers to store or drink water and other consumable liquids. the study was designed to observe the effect of water storage in silver containers on enteric pathogens. three sets of sterile silver, stainless steel and glass metal screw capped containers were filled with non-chlorinated sterilized well water. one each of the three sets was inoculated with enteric pathog ...201225145073
structure based virtual screening of novel inhibitors against multidrug resistant superbugs.pathogenic microorganisms are persistently expressing resistance towards present generation antibiotics and are on the verge of joining the superbug family. recent studies revealed that, notorious pathogens such as salmonella typhi, shigella dysenteriae and vibrio cholerae have acquired multiple drug resistance and the treatment became a serious concern. this necessitates an alternative therapeutic solution. present study investigates the utility of computer aided method to study the mechanism o ...201222715312
haemolytic uraemic syndrome during shigellosis.haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus), which is comprised of the triad of haemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and renal insufficiency, occurs in about 13% of dysenteric patients with shigellosis due to shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1) infections, who are mostly children less than five years old in africa and asia. with a case-fatality rate of about 36%, it is the leading cause of death in sd1 outbreaks. research suggests that shiga toxin and lipopolysaccharide from the causative bacteria play roles ...201222579556
the effects of the carboxyl-terminus amino acids of the shiga toxin b-subunit on retrograde transport.the shiga toxin b-subunit (stxb), from the enteric pathogen, shigella dysenteriae, is responsible for the attachment of its receptor, globotriaosylceramide (gb3), and navigates the retrograde pathway from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum (er). in this study, in order to demonstrate the role of carboxyl-terminus (c-terminus/al) amino acids of the b-fragment on the retrograde transport speed and the retrograde transport pathway, stxb was modified by site-directed mutagenesis and by ...201222552548
cephalosporin-resistant shigella flexneri over 9 years (2001-09) in india.to determine the pattern and antimicrobial resistance genes of cephalosporin resistance in shigella flexneri and shigella dysenteriae over 9 years.201222410619
differential expression of gastric muc5ac in colonic epithelial cells: tff3-wired il1 β/akt crosstalk-induced mucosal immune response against shigella dysenteriae infection.an understanding of the signaling mechanism(s) that regulate the differential expression of gastric mucin muc5ac in colonic epithelial cells would contribute significantly to investigations of its role in colonic mucosa infected with the bacterial pathogen shigella dysenteriae. here we show that s. dysenteriae-sinduced expression of interleukin-1β upregulates muc2 expression and the differential expression of muc5ac. differential expression of muc5ac involves crosstalk between interleukin-1β and ...201222389405
outer membrane vesicles of shigella boydii type 4 induce passive immunity in neonatal mice.like most other gram-negative bacteria, shigella releases outer membrane vesicles (omvs) into the surrounding environment during growth. in this study, we have exploited omvs of shigella as a protective immunogen in a mice model against shigellosis. distinctive vesicle secretion was noticed from different shigella strains. among them, shigella boydii type 4 (bch612) was secreting relatively higher amounts. we immunized female adult mice orally with 32 μg of purified shigella boydii type 4 (bch61 ...201222762732
effect of bovine lactoferrin on the minimum inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for clinical shigella spp. strains.here, we determined the effect of bovine lactoferrin (blf) on the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in shigella . using a microdilution method, the mic was determined in the presence or absence of bovine lactoferrin (10 mg/ml) on 88 shigella strains (56 shigella flexneri , 15 shigella boydii , 13 shigella sonnei , and 4 shigella dysenteriae ) previously isolated from peruvian children <2 years old. a fold change of 2 or more in mic values was ...201222397495
antimicrobial-resistant shigella infections from iran: an overlooked problem?in this study, we wanted to assess the level of antimicrobial resistance, the presence of genes encoding resistance to cephalosporins and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr), and genetic relatedness among shigella isolates obtained from iranian patients.201222345385
haemolytic-uraemic syndrome as a sequela of diarrhoeal disease.haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (hus) is a serious sequela of diarrhoea and results in a high mortality rate. this systematic review aimed at estimating the proportion of hus cases that are linked to prior infection due to shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) or shigella dysenteriae type 1. a systematic review of the existing literature was done to identify cohort and case-control studies that examined the relationship between stec and s. dysenteriae type 1 and hus. after screening 2,516 ar ...201223082627
shiga toxins.shiga toxins are virulence factors produced by the bacteria shigella dysenteriae and certain strains of escherichia coli. there is currently no available treatment for disease caused by these toxin-producing bacteria, and understanding the biology of the shiga toxins might be instrumental in addressing this issue. in target cells, the toxins efficiently inhibit protein synthesis by inactivating ribosomes, and they may induce signaling leading to apoptosis. to reach their cytoplasmic target, shig ...201222960449
regulation of cytokine and chemokine expression by the ribotoxic stress response elicited by shiga toxin type 1 in human macrophage-like thp-1 cells.shiga toxins (stxs) are cytotoxins produced by the enteric pathogens shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec). stxs bind to a membrane glycolipid receptor, enter cells, and undergo retrograde transport to ultimately reach the cytosol, where the toxins exert their protein synthesis-inhibitory activity by depurination of a single adenine residue from the 28s rrna component of eukaryotic ribosomes. the depurination reaction activates the ribotoxic stress res ...201222431646
in vitro adherence patterns of shigella serogroups to bovine recto-anal junction squamous epithelial (rse) cells are similar to those of escherichia coli o157.the aims of this study were to determine whether shigella species, which are human gastrointestinal pathogens, can adhere to cattle recto-anal junction squamous epithelial (rse) cells using a recently standardized in vitro adherence assay, and to compare their adherence patterns with that of escherichia coli o157. shigella dysenteriae (serogroup a), s. flexneri (serogroup b), s. boydii (serogroup c), and s. sonnei (serogroup d) were tested in adherence assays using both rse and hep-2 cells, in t ...201222401271
bacteriology of a most popular street food (panipuri) and inhibitory effect of essential oils on bacterial growth.bacteriology of panipuri was studied and the antibacterial effect of eight essential oils (eos) was established on pathogens found in panipuri. samples were collected from twelve respective vendors from different locations in baripada city, orissa. samples were fractionated into two parts viz. khatta pani and smashed potato masala used in panipuri. total plate count and isolation of pathogenic bacteria were done on both basal and selective media. coliforms were detected primarily by presumptive ...201224082267
investigations of antimicrobial activity of some cameroonian medicinal plant extracts against bacteria and yeast with gastrointestinal relevance.resistance against antibiotics of many bacteria is accumulating. therefore, searches for new substances with antimicrobial activity have become an urgent necessity. medicinal plants are frequently used in popular medicine as remedies for many infectious diseases (intestinal infection, malaria, tuberculosis, etc.).201222583961
report: studies on antibacterial activity of some traditional medicinal plants used in folk medicine.ethanolic extracts of eight medicinal plants commonly used in folk medicine were tested for their antibacterial activity against four gram positive strains (bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and, streptococcus pneumoniae) and six gram negative strains (escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris, proteus mirabilis. salmonella typhi para a, salmonella typhi para b and shigella dysenteriae) that were obtained from different pathological laboratories located in karachi, pa ...201222713958
an escherichia coli cell membrane chromatography-offline lc-tof-ms method for screening and identifying antimicrobial peptides from jatropha curcas meal protein isolate hydrolysates.a novel, simple, and rapid method, named cell membrane affinity extraction (cmae)-offline liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (lc-tof-ms) was developed for screening and identifying antimicrobial peptides from jatropha curcas meal protein isolate hydrolysates (jcmpih) obtained by proteolytic enzyme (pepsin, trypsin, protamex, neutrase, flavourzyme, papain, alcalase, and acid protease) hydrolysis. a cationic antimicrobial peptide (cailthkr, jcpep8) was successfully isolated and ...201222522648
phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of coccinia cordifolia l. plant.the medicinal plant, coccinia cordifolia l. was analyzed for its chemical composition. the antimicrobial activities of the methanol, water, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of coccinia cordifolia l. plant were evaluated against some gram positive bacteria (sarcina lutea, bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus), gram negative bacteria (salmonella typhi, shigella dysenteriae and escherichia coli) and fungi (candida albicans, aspergillus niger and penicillium notatum). chemical analysis show ...201223009991
detection of toxigenic vibrio cholerae with new multiplex pcr.vibrio cholerae (v. cholerae) is the etiological agent of epidemic cholera. in recent years, cholera has become endemic in different regions of the world. traditional culture and microscopic methods are considered the standard for the diagnosis of v. cholerae. however, these methods require days for confirmation. therefore, molecular methods that may be used for the sensitive, accurate, and rapid analysis of v. cholerae are urgently needed.201222632601
evaluation of sample preparation methods for maldi-tof ms identification of highly dangerous bacteria.to propose a universal workflow of sample preparation method for the identification of highly pathogenic bacteria by maldi-tof ms.201222512320
bacteria and their toxins tamed for immunotherapy.bacterial toxins share the ability to enter host cells to target various intracellular proteins and to modulate host immune responses. over the last 20 years, toxins and their mutated variants, as well as live attenuated bacteria, have been exploited for vaccination and immunotherapy of various infectious, malignant and autoimmune diseases. the ability of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin to translocate its adenylate cyclase domain across the host cell membrane, as well as the pathway ...201222339216
multicenter evaluation of a sequence-based protocol for subtyping shiga toxins and standardizing stx nomenclature.when shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains emerged as agents of human disease, two types of toxin were identified: shiga toxin type 1 (stx1) (almost identical to shiga toxin produced by shigella dysenteriae type 1) and the immunologically distinct type 2 (stx2). subsequently, numerous stec strains have been characterized that express toxins with variations in amino acid sequence, some of which confer unique biological properties. these variants were grouped within the stx1 or stx ...201222760050
shiga toxin in enterohemorrhagic e.coli: regulation and novel anti-virulence strategies.enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) are responsible for major outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) throughout the world. the mortality associated with ehec infections stems from the production and release of a potent shiga toxin (stx) by these bacteria. stx induces cell death in endothelial cells, primarily in the urinary tract, causing hus. stx was first described in shigella dysenteriae serotype i by kiyoshi shiga and was discovered later in ehec. multiple env ...201222919672
novel genomic tools for specific and real-time detection of biothreat and frequently encountered foodborne pathogens.the bacterial genera escherichia, salmonella, shigella, vibrio, yersinia, and francisella include important food safety and biothreat agents. by extensive mining of the whole genome and protein databases of diverse, closely and distantly related bacterial species and strains, we have identified novel genome regions, which we utilized to develop a rapid detection platform for these pathogens. the specific genomic targets we have identified to design the primers in francisella tularensis subsp. tu ...201222488053
synthetic oligosaccharides as tools to demonstrate cross-reactivity between polysaccharide antigens.escherichia coli o148 is a nonencapsulated enterotoxigenic (etec) gram negative bacterium that can cause diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. the surface-exposed o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) of the lipopolysaccharide of this bacterium is considered both a virulence factor and a protective antigen. it is built up of the linear tetrasaccharide repeating unit [3)-α-l-rhap-(1→2)-α-d-glcp-(1→3)-α-d-glcnacp-(1→3)-α-l-rhap-(1→] differing from that of the o-sp of s ...201222713129
customizable pcr-microplate array for differential identification of multiple pathogens.customizable pcr-microplate arrays were developed for the rapid identification of salmonella typhimurium, salmonella saintpaul, salmonella typhi, shigella dysenteriae, escherichia coli o157:h7, francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis, francisella tularensis subsp. novicida, vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, yersinia pestis, and yersinia pseudotuberculosis. previously, we identified highly specific primers targeting each of these pathogens. here, we report the development of customizable ...201324215700
the anti-shigellosis activity of the methanol extract of picralima nitida on shigella dysenteriae type i induced diarrhoea in rats.picralima nitida stapf (apocynaceae) is a medicinal plant used traditionally in cameroon to cure various ailments such as gastrointestinal disorders and dysentery. this study reports the in vitro and in vivo anti-shigellosis activity of the methanol extract of this plant on rats.201323957940
antioxidative, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of the phenolics of leea indica leaf extract.this study investigated the phytochemical, antioxidative, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of leea indica leaf ethanol extract. phytochemical values namely total phenolic and flavonoid contents, total antioxidant capacity, dpph radical scavenging effect, fecl3 reducing power, dmso superoxide scavenging effect and iron chelating effects were studied by established methods. antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic effects were screened by disk diffusion technique, food poison technique and brine ...201323961238
antibacterial activity of actinomycetes isolated from different soil samples of sheopur (a city of central india).the main objective of the present study was isolation, purification, and characterization of actinomycetes from soil samples, having antimicrobial activity against 12 selected pathogenic strains. soils samples were taken from different niche habitats of sheopur district, madhya pradesh, india. these samples were serially diluted and plated on actinomycete isolation agar media. potential colonies were screened, purified, and stored in glycerol stock. isolates were morphologically and biochemicall ...201323833752
monitoring intervals between rare events: a cumulative score procedure compared with rina chen's sets technique. 20133695978
starch granuloma: the problems caused by surgical glove powder. 20133696223
a 2,4-dichlorophenyl diazonium-based method for total bilirubin without interference from indican in uremic sera.comparison of total bilirubin quantification by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl diazonium method (2,4-dcpd) with a jendrassik-grof type of method showed excellent correlation for randomly selected sera. however, sera from uremic patients on chronic hemodialysis showed a marked positive bias for the 2,4-dcpd result as compared with the jendrassik-grof result. the mean difference was 5.3 mg/l, and resulted in about 20% of the hemodialysis patients having bilirubin values greater than 13 mg/l, the upper limit ...20133924443
a 2,4-dichlorophenyl diazonium-based method for total bilirubin without interference from indican in uremic sera.comparison of total bilirubin quantification by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl diazonium method (2,4-dcpd) with a jendrassik-grof type of method showed excellent correlation for randomly selected sera. however, sera from uremic patients on chronic hemodialysis showed a marked positive bias for the 2,4-dcpd result as compared with the jendrassik-grof result. the mean difference was 5.3 mg/l, and resulted in about 20% of the hemodialysis patients having bilirubin values greater than 13 mg/l, the upper limit ...20133924443
cranial ultrasound and clinical studies in preterm infants.serial ultrasound imaging of the brain was used to determine the ventricular index (vi), and the ratio (vr) of the vi to the cranial hemidiameter during the nursery course and first year post-term in preterm infants of less than 33 weeks gestation. twenty-nine of the infant survivors with no intracranial hemorrhage or major medical complication during their nursery course composed group 1. twenty-two survivors with intracranial hemorrhage unassociated with early ventricular dilation composed gro ...20133881581
efficacy of propranolol therapy after acute myocardial infarction related to coronary arterial anatomy and left ventricular function.the effect of the beta-adrenergic blocking agent propranolol on morbidity and mortality risk after acute myocardial infarction was studied relative to coronary anatomy and left ventricular (lv) ejection fraction in a subset of 406 patients participating in a randomized study of 3,837 patients in the beta blocker heart attack trial (bhat). median follow-up for this subset of patients was 28 months. the mortality rate was 2% (2 of 100) in patients with 2- and 3-vessel coronary artery disease takin ...20133673915
[effects of lamivudine on growth of intestinal characteristic bacteria by microcalorimetry in vitro].the study is aimed to investigate the effect of lamivudine on growth and metabolism of three intestinal characteristic bacteria (namely, bifidobacterium adolescentis, escherichia coli and shigella dysenteriae). the growth condition of the three bacteria was quantitatively evaluated by microcalorimetry with four characteristic parameters of the thermal power-time curves, including the growth rate constant (k), thermal power (p), time to peak (t) and calorific value (q). the results showed that th ...201324417087
antibacterial activity of resin rich plant extracts.the in vitro antibacterial activity of resin rich methanolic extracts (rrmes) of commiphora myrrha, operculina turpethum, and pinus roxburghii.201324302834
[microbial antagonism in the therapy of infectious diseases].the history of antibiotics begins with the first observations of pasteur and joubert about microbial antagonism at the end of the xix century. three types of antagonism were studied: bacterial killing by other bacteria, virus against bacteria and blockade of cellular receptors by bacterial filtrates. in the first type, the piocianase from pseudomonas aeruginosa and the activity of bacillus subtilis over mycobacterium tuberculosis were the better examples; in the second, the french d'herelle was ...201324248116
serological cross-reaction between o-antigens of shigella dysenteriae type 4 and an environmental escherichia albertii isolate.an environmental freshwater bacterial isolate, dm104, appearing as shigella-like colonies on selective agar plates was found to show strong and specific serological cross-reactivity with shigella dysenteriae type 4. biochemical identification according to the analytical profile index, molecular serotyping by restriction of the amplified o-antigen gene cluster (rfb-rflp), together with phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna gene and multi-locus sequence analysis, identified the isolate as escheric ...201323748967
antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of phenolic rich fraction of seabuckthorn (hippophae rhamnoides l.) leaves in vitro.phenolic rich fraction (prf) from seabuckthorn leaves was prepared by sequential fractionation. total phenolic content of prf estimated as gallic acid equivalent was found to be 319.33±7.02 mg/g of prf. its major constituents gallic acid, rutin, quercetin-3-galactoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin, were found in the range of 1.551-196.89 mg/g of prf as determined by rp-hplc. antioxidant activity of prf evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, su ...201323993505
[studies on the mode of action of bacterial ab5 toxins].bacterial ab5 toxins are proteins, produced by pathogenic bacteria including of vibrio cholerae, shigella dysenteriae, and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli, which are usually released into the extracellular medium and cause disease by killing or altering the metabolism of target eukaryotic cells. the toxins are usually composed of one a subunit (a toxic domain) and five b subunits (a receptor-binding domain). this article overviews the characteristics and mode of actions of ab5 toxins includi ...201323985936
haemolytic uraemic syndrome associated with pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis.haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) is a recognized complication of infection with shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) and shigella dysenteriae type 1. infections with other micro-organisms, especially streptococcus pneumoniae, have been cited as causes of hus. in addition, influenza virus and other viruses may rarely be associated with this syndrome. a 2-year-old girl presented with severe pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis with renal failure and ecthyma gangrenosum. further investigations r ...201323924661
oxalis corniculata (oxalidaceae) leaf extract exerts in vitro antimicrobial and in vivo anticolonizing activities against shigella dysenteriae 1 (nt4907) and shigella flexneri 2a (2457t) in induced diarrhea in suckling mice.in this study, the extract of a green leafy vegetable oxalis corniculata (oxalidaceae) was evaluated for its in vitro antibacterial and in vivo anti colonizing effect against common intestinal pathogenic bacteria. methanolic extract (80%) of oxalis corniculata (oxalidaceae) leaf contained a polyphenol content of 910 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry weight and the yield was 8%. the flavonoid content was 2.353 g quercetin equivalent per 100 g of the extract. in vitro studies indicated tha ...201323909903
whole genome sequencing of an unusual serotype of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli.shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli serotype o117:k1:h7 is a cause of persistent diarrhea in travelers to tropical locations. whole genome sequencing identified genetic mechanisms involved in the pathoadaptive phenotype. sequencing also identified toxin and putative adherence genes flanked by sequences indicating horizontal gene transfer from shigella dysenteriae and salmonella spp., respectively.201323877005
failure of manganese to protect from shiga toxin.shiga toxin (stx), the main virulence factor of shiga toxin producing escherichia coli, is a major public health threat, causing hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. currently, there are no approved therapeutics for these infections; however manganese has been reported to provide protection from the stx1 variant isolated from shigella dysenteriae (stx1-s) both in vitro and in vivo. we investigated the efficacy of manganese protection from stx1-s and the more potent stx2a isoform, u ...201323875002
shiga toxins expressed by human pathogenic bacteria induce immune responses in host cells.shiga toxins are a family of genetically and structurally related toxins that are the primary virulence factors produced by the bacterial pathogens shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and certain escherichia coli strains. the toxins are multifunctional proteins inducing protein biosynthesis inhibition, ribotoxic and er stress responses, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. the regulated induction of inflammatory responses is key to minimizing damage upon injury o ...201324385347
anti-platelet-activating factor, antibacterial, and antiradical activities of lipids extract from silver carp brain.epidemiological studies have verified the protective role of fish lipids in cardiovascular diseases. however, the effects of fish lipids on health boost remain undefined. large amounts of by-products, such as fish brain which contains high level of lipids, are produced with silver carp processing. fish brain is rich in bioactive lipids which are overwhelmingly effective in preventing cardiovascular diseases. the aim of this study was to elucidate the pharmacological activities of silver carp bra ...201323805935
rna-mediated thermoregulation of iron-acquisition genes in shigella dysenteriae and pathogenic escherichia coli.the initiation, progression and transmission of most bacterial infections is dependent upon the ability of the invading pathogen to acquire iron from each of the varied environments encountered during the course of a natural infection. in total, 95% of iron within the human body is complexed within heme, making heme a potentially rich source of host-associated nutrient iron for invading bacteria. as heme is encountered only within the host, pathogenic bacteria often regulate synthesis of heme ut ...201323704938
a study of in vitro antibacterial activity of lanthanides complexes with a tetradentate schiff base ligand.to establish the antibacterial activity of lanthanides complexes with a tetradentate schiff base ligand l.201323646299
recombinant heat shock protein 60 (hsp60/groel) of salmonella enterica serovar typhi elicits cross-protection against multiple bacterial pathogens in mice.heat shock proteins (hsps) or stress proteins are recognized as protective antigens against a wide range of bacterial diseases. conservation of hsps across different life forms also appears to contribute to the antigenicity of these proteins. due to their high sequence homology, there exists an immunological cross-recognition between different bacterial species. in the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of recombinant groel of salmonella enterica serovar typhi as a vaccine candidate agains ...201323474314
monitoring of growth and physiological activities of biofilm during succession on polystyrene from activated sludge under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.the present research work monitored the successive biofilm development and its catabolic role in the degradation of polystyrene (ps). ps material was artificially colonized with biofilm by incubating it with activated sludge under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. biofilm formation was monitored by gravimetric weight analysis, spectrophotometric absorbance technique, heterotrophic plate count, and scanning electron microscopy under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. the wet weight (1.59 and 1.17  ...201323361646
recombinant salmonella vaccination technology and its application to human bacterial pathogens.salmonella enterica is a gram-negative intracellular bacterial pathogen which causes salmonellosis in humans and animals. during the past several decades, extensive studies have shown that the attenuated salmonella vaccine vector is an optimal vehicle for delivering passenger antigens to mucosal sites to induce humoral, cellular, and mucosal immunity. this immunity leads to protection against challenges with the wild-type pathogens from which the passenger antigens were derived. a myriad of stud ...201323360265
crystal structure, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of a new complex of bismuth(iii) with sulfapyridine.a new complex of bi(iii) and sulfapyridine was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, atomic absorption spectrometry, conductivity analysis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (esi-ms), infrared spectroscopy, and single crystal x-ray diffraction methods. the antimicrobial and the cytotoxic activities of the compound were investigated. elemental and conductivity analyses are in accordance to the formulation [bicl₃(c₁₁h₁₁n₃o₂s)₃]. the structure of the complex reveals a distort ...201323348999
modification in media composition to obtain secretory production of stxb-based vaccines using escherichia coli.shiga toxin b-subunit (stxb) from shigella dysenteriae targets in vivo antigen to cancer cells, dendritic cells (dc) and b cells, which preferentially express the globotriaosylceramide (gb3) receptor. this pivotal role has encouraged scientists to investigate fusing stxb with other clinical antigens. due to the challenges of obtaining a functional soluble form of the recombinant stxb, such as formation of inclusion bodies during protein expression, scientists tend to combine stxb with vaccine ca ...201323329470
structural studies of the o-antigen polysaccharide from escherichia coli o115 and biosynthetic aspects thereof.the structure of the o-antigen polysaccharide (ps) of escherichia coli o115 has been investigated using a combination of component analysis and 1d and 2d nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy experiments. the repeating unit of the o-antigen was elucidated using the o-deacetylated ps and has the following branched pentasaccharide structure: →3)[β-l-rhap-(1 → 4)]-β-d-glcpnac-(1 → 4)-α-d-galpa-(1 → 3)-α-d-manp-(1 → 3)-β-d-glcpnac-(1→. cross-peaks of low intensity, corresponding to a β-l-rha ...201323193180
[microcalorimetric investigation on the interaction of six alkaloids from rhizoma coptidis].how to identify active constituents of traditional chinese medicines (tcms) and study their interactions are key problems in the development of tcms. the inhibitory effect of six alkaloids from rhizoma coptidis (rc) on shigella dysenteriae (s. dysenteria) growth had been investigated by microcalorimetry in this study. main active constituents of rc were confirmed by comparing their contributions to the bacteriostatic effect, and the interactions among active constituents were further researched. ...201324689238
mistletoe lectin has a shiga toxin-like structure and should be combined with other toll-like receptor ligands in cancer therapy.mistletoe extract (me) is applied as an adjuvant treatment in cancer therapy in thousands of patients each year in europe. the main immunostimulating component of mistletoe extract, mistletoe lectin, recently has been shown to be a pattern recognition receptor ligand and hence is binding to an important class of pathogen-sensing receptors. pattern recognition receptor ligands are potent activators of dendritic cells. this activation is a prerequisite for a full-blown t-cell response against canc ...201323832140
[urinary infection by shigella dysenteriae]. 201323817659
immunogenicity of a new recombinant ipac from shigella dysenteriae type i in guinea pig as a vaccine candidate.recombinant vaccine technology is one of the most developed means in controlling infectious diseases. however, an effective vaccine against shigella is still missing.201323811550
in vitro selection of a dna aptamer targeted against shigella dysenteriae.to identify dna aptamers demonstrating binding specificity for shigella dysenteriae, a whole-bacterium systemic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (selex) method was applied to a combinatorial library of single-stranded dna (ssdna) molecules. after several rounds of selection using s. dysenteriae as the target, the highly enriched oligonucleotide pool was sequenced and then grouped into different families based on primary sequence homologies and similarities in the secondary structur ...201323811206
differential response of the cynomolgus macaque gut microbiota to shigella infection.little is known about the role of gut microbiota in response to live oral vaccines against enteric pathogens. we examined the effect of immunization with an oral live-attenuated shigella dysenteriae 1 vaccine and challenge with wild-type s. dysenteriae 1 on the fecal microbiota of cynomolgus macaques using 16 s rrna analysis of fecal samples. multi-dimensional cluster analysis identified different bacterial community types within macaques from geographically distinct locations. the fecal microbi ...201323755118
molecular cloning and biologically active production of ipad n-terminal region.shigella is known as pathogenic intestinal bacteria in high dispersion and pathogenic bacteria due to invasive plasmid antigen (ipa). so far, a number of ipa proteins have been studied to introduce a new candidate vaccine. here, for the first time, we examined whether the n-terminal region of ipad(72-162) could be a proper candidate for shigella vaccine. initially, the dna sequence coding n-terminal region was isolated by pcr from shigella dysenteriae type i and cloned into pet-28a expression ve ...201323731655
changing emergence of shigella sero-groups in bangladesh: observation from four different diarrheal disease hospitals.shigellosis continues to be a public health challenge for developing countries, including bangladesh. the aim of the study is to demonstrate recent changes in shigella sero-groups and their geographical diversity.201323658619
multiplexed immunoassay to assess shigella-specific antibody responses.infection with shigella spp. results in bacillary dysentery and a systemic and mucosal antibody response. the immune response is directed at multiple antigens, including lps and the invasin plasmid antigen (ipa) proteins, and is capable of conferring short-term, serotype-specific protection. both live-attenuated and several subunit vaccine approaches have focused on inducing a pronounced mucosal immune response directed to the same antigens recognized after natural infection. traditionally, shig ...201323583496
comparative analysis of the genomes of shigella dysenteriae type 2 & type 7 isolates.the four species of the genus shigella, namely, s. dysenteriae , s. flexneri, s. boydii and s. sonnei cause a wide spectrum of illness from watery diarrhoea to severe dysentery. genomes of these four species show great diversity. in this study, noti, xbai or i-ceui restriction enzyme digested genomes of two shigella dysenteriae isolates belonging to the serotypes 2 and 7 were extensively analyzed to find their relatedness, if any, with the whole genome sequenced strains of s. dysenteriae type 1 ...201323481068
mait cells detect and efficiently lyse bacterially-infected epithelial cells.mucosal associated invariant t cells (mait) are innate t lymphocytes that detect a large variety of bacteria and yeasts. this recognition depends on the detection of microbial compounds presented by the evolutionarily conserved major-histocompatibility-complex (mhc) class i molecule, mr1. here we show that mait cells display cytotoxic activity towards mr1 overexpressing non-hematopoietic cells cocultured with bacteria. the nk receptor, cd161, highly expressed by mait cells, modulated the cytokin ...201324130485
prevention and inhibition of tc-1 cell growth in tumor bearing mice by hpv16 e7 protein in fusion with shiga toxin b-subunit from shigella dysenteriae.for immunotherapy of human papillomavirus (hpv) -16-associated cervical cancers the e7 protein is considered a prime candidate. however it is a poor inducer of cytotoxic t-cell response, when being used as a singular antigen in protein vaccination. hence, in this study we focused on the utilization of a vaccine delivery system for prevention or treatment of cervical cancer.201323862120
protective immunity by oral immunization with heat-killed shigella strains in a guinea pig colitis model.the protective efficacy of and immune response to heat-killed cells of monovalent and hexavalent mixtures of six serogroups/serotypes of shigella strains (shigella dysenteriae 1, shigella flexneri 2a, s. flexneri 3a, s. flexneri 6, shigella boydii 4, and shigella sonnei) were examined in a guinea pig colitis model. a monovalent or hexavalent mixture containing 1 × 10(7) of each serogroup/serotype of heat-killed shigella cells was administered orally on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. on day 28, the immuni ...201324033533
multi-serotype outer membrane vesicles of shigellae confer passive protection to the neonatal mice against shigellosis.recently, we have demonstrated, immunization of adult female mice with outer membrane vesicles (omvs) of shigella boydii type 4 protected their offspring passively from shigellosis. in our present study, we have advanced our research by formulating multi-serotype outer membrane vesicles (momvs), mixing the omvs of shigella dysenteriae 1 δstx, shigella flexneri 2a, 3a and 6, s. boydii type 4 and shigella sonnei to achieve a broad spectrum protection against shigellosis. adult mice were immunized ...201323684822
phage inactivation of foodborne shigella on ready-to-eat spiced chicken.shigellosis, also called bacillary dysentery, is an infectious disease caused by shigella species, including shigella flexneri, shigella dysenteriae, shigella sonnei, and shigella boydii. infection with s. flexneri can result in epidemics, and shigella-contaminated food is often the source of infection, such as ready-to-eat spiced chicken and duck. therefore, we investigated the ability of shigella phages to inhibit pathogenic shigella spp. in ready-to-eat spiced chicken. food samples were inocu ...201323243250
the relation of various enzymes to cellular membranes. 20134289513
the relation of various enzymes to cellular membranes. 20134289513
cross-sectional echocardiographic findings in a patient with pyogenic pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. 20134029191
[cephalic neuralgias]. 20133961715
[nonocclusive ischemic enteropathy--a rare cause of ileus].the cause for a nonocclusive ischemic enteropathy seems to be a low cardiac output syndrome. there are often signs of a paralytic intestinal obstruction. parameters of the blood chemistry offer no conclusive data. the angiogram of the mesenteric vessels demonstrates extensive arterial vasoconstriction as well as an obstructed venous outflow. experimental findings disclose that this venous obstruction may be a result of an ischemic contracture in the course of a low flow state. this rigor initiat ...20133840557
heat shock elicits production of sexual inducer in volvox.in the green alga volvox carteri, heat shock had an unusual and adaptive effect mediated by induced production of a well-defined effector molecule. females of this species normally reproduce asexually in the absence of a potent sexual inducer produced by mature sexual males, but they generated egg-bearing sexual daughters after a brief exposure to elevated temperatures. this response involved an "autoinduction" of sexuality, in which heat-shocked somatic cells made and released the sexual induce ...20133941891
diagnostic and curative value of uterine curettage.one hundred and eighty-one consecutive patients admitted for curettage because of irregular uterine bleeding were classified preoperatively as having postmenopausal bleeding, intermenstrual bleeding, menorrhagia, or metrorrhagia. they were followed up at 3 and 9 months after curettage with regard to diagnosis and cure. fifty-seven per cent were cured; the lowest curative effect was found in patients suffering from menorrhagia. an etiological diagnosis was made in 90 patients; in the menorrhagia ...20133811841
[initial experiences with the cementless pm endoprosthesis].a follow up of 40 cementless fixed endoprostheses type pm showed good results, similar to cement fixed prostheses. in cementless fixation seem to be more early complications and less late complications, so these results are encouraging what concerns cementless fixation.20133811488
[glomerulonephritis following infections]. 20133795528
extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy and the medical treatment of renal stones. 20133831739
current management of the totally disabled ear. 20133754300
[analysis of the fatal outcomes in falls from a height]. 20133798496
[educational development of so-called problem children]. 20133751740
adolescent sexuality: part one. 20133843485
[the empty delta sign. a useful or misleading sign in cerebral x-ray computed tomography?].one case of bifidity of the superior sagittal sinus, resulting in a false "empty delta sign", is presented. the authors emphasize the importance of the indirect signs of sinovenous thrombosis, i.e. cerebral edema and multiple or bilateral hemorrhagic infarcts, in the diagnosis of true empty delta sign.20133701671
copper treatment of the digestive gland of the slug arion ater l. 2. morphometrics and histophysiology. 20133697536
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