Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| safety and immunogenicity of a novel cold-adapted modified-live equine influenza virus vaccine. | to design and evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a modified-live vaccine to prevent equine influenza virus (eiv) infection based on the novel reassortant cold-adapted strain a/hk/otar/6:2/2010. | 2014 | 25348146 |
| epidemiological and virological characteristics of influenza viruses circulating in cambodia from 2009 to 2011. | the cambodian national influenza center (nic) monitored and characterized circulating influenza strains from 2009 to 2011. | 2014 | 25340711 |
| progressive antigenic drift and phylogeny of human influenza a(h3n2) virus over five consecutive seasons (2009-2013) in hangzhou, china. | vaccine efficacy (ve) can be affected by progressive antigenic drift or any new reassortment of influenza viruses. to effectively track the evolution of human influenza a(h3n2) virus circulating in hangzhou, china, a total of 65 clinical specimens were selected randomly from outpatients infected by a(h3n2) viruses during the study period from november 2009 to december 2013. the results of reduced ve and antigenic drift of the correspondent epitopes (c-d-e to a-b) suggest that the current vaccine ... | 2014 | 25447724 |
| enhanced natural killer-cell and t-cell responses to influenza a virus during pregnancy. | pregnant women experience increased morbidity and mortality after influenza infection, for reasons that are not understood. although some data suggest that natural killer (nk)- and t-cell responses are suppressed during pregnancy, influenza-specific responses have not been previously evaluated. thus, we analyzed the responses of women that were pregnant (n = 21) versus those that were not (n = 29) immediately before inactivated influenza vaccination (iiv), 7 d after vaccination, and 6 wk postpar ... | 2014 | 25246558 |
| using multiple linear regression and physicochemical changes of amino acid mutations to predict antigenic variants of influenza a/h3n2 viruses. | among human influenza viruses, strain a/h3n2 accounts for over a quarter of a million deaths annually. antigenic variants of these viruses often render current vaccinations ineffective and lead to repeated infections. in this study, a computational model was developed to predict antigenic variants of the a/h3n2 strain. first, 18 critical antigenic amino acids in the hemagglutinin (ha) protein were recognized using a scoring method combining phi (ϕ) coefficient and information entropy. next, a pr ... | 2014 | 25227088 |
| a zanamivir dimer with prophylactic and enhanced therapeutic activity against influenza viruses. | emerging drug resistance to antiviral therapies is an increasing challenge for the treatment of influenza virus infections. one new antiviral compound, bta938, a dimeric derivative of the viral neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir, contains a 14-carbon linker bridging two zanamivir moieties. in these studies, we evaluated antiviral efficacy in cell cultures infected with influenza virus and in mouse models of lethal influenza using h1n1pdm09, h3n2 and oseltamivir-resistant (h275y) viruses. | 2014 | 24777908 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of h3 subtype avian influenza viruses isolated from domestic ducks in zhejiang province in china. | in 2013, 15 avian influenza viruses (aivs), h3n2 (n = 7), h3n3 (n = 3), h3n6 (n = 3), and h3n8 (n = 2), were isolated from domestic ducks in zhejiang province in china. these strains were characterized by whole genome sequencing with subsequent phylogenetic analysis and genetic comparison. phylogenetic analysis of all eight viral genes showed that these strains clustered in the aiv eurasian lineage. analysis of the neuraminidase (na) gene indicates that a re-assortment event between h3 and h9n2 ... | 2014 | 24748106 |
| efficacy and safety of treatment with an anti-m2e monoclonal antibody in experimental human influenza. | the efficacy of tcn-032, a human monoclonal antibody targeting a conserved epitope on m2e, was explored in experimental human influenza. | 2015 | 25281755 |
| the neuraminidases of mdck grown human influenza a(h3n2) viruses isolated since 1994 can demonstrate receptor binding. | the neuraminidases (nas) of mdck passaged human influenza a(h3n2) strains isolated since 2005 are reported to have dual functions of cleavage of sialic acid and receptor binding. na agglutination of red blood cells (rbcs) can be inhibited by neuraminidase inhibitors (nais), thus distinguishing it from haemagglutinin (ha) binding. we wanted to know if viruses prior to 2005 can demonstrate this property. | 2015 | 25896455 |
| fabrication of cell culture-derived influenza vaccine dissolvable microstructures and evaluation of immunogenicity in guinea pigs. | microstructure patches provide an opportunity for simple, effective, and safe vaccine administration, while achieving the desired immune response. we have evaluated the microcor transdermal system for cell culture-derived trivalent influenza vaccine administration. influenza monovalent purified bulk vaccines (monobulks) (h1n1, h3n2, b) were concentrated by tangential flow filtration, lyophilized, and formulated with biocompatible excipients to form the microstructure array dissolvable tips. stan ... | 2015 | 25930118 |
| mucosally administered lactobacillus surface-displayed influenza antigens (sm2 and ha2) with cholera toxin subunit a1 (cta1) induce broadly protective immune responses against divergent influenza subtypes. | the development of a universal influenza vaccine that provides broad cross protection against existing and unforeseen influenza viruses is a critical challenge. in this study, we constructed and expressed conserved sm2 and ha2 influenza antigens with cholera toxin subunit a1 (cta1) on the surface of lactobacillus casei (pgsa-cta1sm2ha2/l. casei). oral and nasal administrations of recombinant l. casei into mice resulted in high levels of serum immunoglobulin g (igg) and their isotypes (igg1 & igg ... | 2015 | 26210951 |
| genetic analysis of h3n2 avian influenza viruses isolated from live poultry markets and poultry slaughterhouses in shanghai, china in 2013. | five h3n2 avian influenza viruses (aivs) were isolated from live poultry markets (lpms) and poultry slaughterhouses in shanghai, china in 2013. all viruses were characterized by whole-genome sequencing with subsequent genetic comparison and phylogenetic analysis. the hemagglutinin cleavage site of all viruses indicated that the five strains were low-pathogenic aivs. phylogenetic analysis of all eight viral genes showed that the five h3n2 viruses clustered in the eurasian lineage of influenza vir ... | 2015 | 25899857 |
| comparative analysis of virulence of a novel, avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza virus in various host species. | a novel avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza a virus (civ) that showed high sequence similarities in hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes with those of non-pathogenic avian influenza viruses was isolated in our routine surveillance program in south korea. we previously reported that the pathogenicity of this strain could be reproduced in dogs and cats. in the present study, the host tropism of h3n2 civ was examined by experimental inoculation into several host species, including chickens, pigs, m ... | 2015 | 25218482 |
| a plasmon-assisted fluoro-immunoassay using gold nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes for monitoring the influenza virus. | a plasmon-assisted fluoro-immunoassay (pafi) was developed for the detection of the influenza virus by using au nanoparticle (au np)-decorated carbon nanotubes (aucnts) that were synthesized using phytochemical composites at room temperature in deionized water. specific antibodies (abs) against the influenza virus were conjugated onto the surface of aucnts and cadmium telluride quantum dots (qds), which had a photoluminescence intensity that varied as a function of virus concentration and a dete ... | 2015 | 25240957 |
| baicalin inhibits autophagy induced by influenza a virus h3n2. | baicalin, a natural product isolated from scutellariaradix, has been reported to have significant in vivo and in vitro anti-influenza virus activity, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. in this study, we found that baicalin inhibited autophagy induced by influenza virus a3/beijing/30/95 (h3n2) in both a549 and ana-1 cells. the results showed that h3n2 induced autophagy by suppressing mtor signaling pathway, which however could be significantly inhibited by baicalin. baicalin ... | 2015 | 25446340 |
| influenza vaccine effectiveness in the united states during 2012-2013: variable protection by age and virus type. | during the 2012-2013 influenza season, there was cocirculation of influenza a(h3n2) and 2 influenza b lineage viruses in the united states. | 2015 | 25406334 |
| comparative mutational analyses of influenza a viruses. | the error-prone rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) and external selective pressures are the driving forces for rna viral diversity. when confounded by selective pressures, it is difficult to assess if influenza a viruses (iav) that have a wide host range possess comparable or distinct spontaneous mutational frequency in their rdrps. we used in-depth bioinformatics analyses to assess the spontaneous mutational frequencies of two rdrps derived from human seasonal (a/wuhan/359/95; wuhan) and h5n1 ... | 2015 | 25404565 |
| drug susceptibility of influenza a/h3n2 strains co-circulating during 2009 influenza pandemic: first report from mumbai. | from its first instance in 1977, resistance to amantadine, a matrix (m2) inhibitor has been increasing among influenza a/h3n2, thus propelling the use of oseltamivir, a neuraminidase (na) inhibitor as a next line drug. information on drug susceptibility to amantadine and neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza a/h3n2 viruses in india is limited with no published data from mumbai. this study aimed at examining the sensitivity to m2 and na inhibitors of influenza a/h3n2 strains isolated from 2009 t ... | 2015 | 25461259 |
| ceftiofur hydrochloride affects the humoral and cellular immune response in pigs after vaccination against swine influenza and pseudorabies. | cephalosporins are a class of antibiotics that are active against many gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria. beyond their antibacterial activity, they are reported to have various immunomodulatory properties. it has been shown that they reduce the secretion of cytokines as well as influence the humoral and cellular immune response. in the field conditions antibiotics are frequently administered at the same time as vaccines in pigs and, in the view of their potential immunomodulatory pro ... | 2015 | 26493336 |
| antiviral matrine-type alkaloids from the rhizomes of sophora tonkinensis. | three new matrine-type alkaloids, (+)-5α-hydroxyoxysophocarpine (1), (-)-12β-hydroxyoxysophocarpine (2), and (+)-5α-hydroxylemannine (3), along with 14 known analogues, (-)-sophocarpine (4), (-)-5α-hydroxysophocarpine (5), (-)-9α-hydroxysophocarpine (6), (+)-12α-hydroxysophocarpine (7), (-)-12β-hydroxysophocarpine (8), (+)-oxysophocarpine (9), (+)-matrine (10), (+)-sophoranol (11), (+)-9α-hydroxymatrine (12), (-)-14β-hydroxymatrine (13), (+)-oxymatrine (14), (+)-5α-hydroxyoxymatrine (15), (-)-14 ... | 2015 | 26132528 |
| potential of acylated peptides to target the influenza a virus. | for antiviral drug design, especially in the field of influenza virus research, potent multivalent inhibitors raise high expectations for combating epidemics and pandemics. among a large variety of covalent and non-covalent scaffold systems for a multivalent display of inhibitors, we created a simple supramolecular platform to enhance the antiviral effect of our recently developed antiviral peptide b (peb(gf)), preventing binding of influenza virus to the host cell. by conjugating the peptide wi ... | 2015 | 26124860 |
| antiviral glycosidic bisindole alkaloids from the roots of isatis indigotica. | seven new glycosidic bisindole alkaloids, isatindigobisindolosides a-g (1-7), were isolated from an aqueous extract of the isatis indigotica roots. their structures including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods, together with calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ecd) spectra based on the quantum-mechanical time-dependent density functional theory. in the nmr spectra of 1-3, it is found that integration of h-2 and intensity of c-2 are affected n ... | 2015 | 26123248 |
| predicting clinical severity based on substitutions near epitope a of influenza a/h3n2. | epitopes are the main targets for specific antibodies in the host defense systems. recent studies have shown that amino acid (aa) substitutions located within the influenza a/h3n2 hemagglutinin 1 (ha1) epitopes a-e, particularly in a and b, result in antigenic drift. viruses with such drift mutations may have resulted in more severe influenza-related illness during influenza epidemics between late 2012 and early 2015. we sought to quantify vaccine mismatches in epitopes a-e of the ha1 protein, a ... | 2015 | 26118307 |
| inter-seasonal influenza is characterized by extended virus transmission and persistence. | the factors that determine the characteristic seasonality of influenza remain enigmatic. current models predict that occurrences of influenza outside the normal surveillance season within a temperate region largely reflect the importation of viruses from the alternate hemisphere or from equatorial regions in asia. to help reveal the drivers of seasonality we investigated the origins and evolution of influenza viruses sampled during inter-seasonal periods in australia. to this end we conducted an ... | 2015 | 26107631 |
| computational analysis of antigenic epitopes of avian influenza a (h7n9) viruses. | influenza virus can rapidly change its antigenicity, via mutation in the hemagglutinin (ha) protein, to evade host immunity. the emergence of the novel human-infecting avian h7n9 virus in china has caused widespread concern. however, evolution of the antigenicity of this virus is not well understood. here, we inferred the antigenic epitopes of the ha protein from all h7 viruses, based on the five well-characterized ha epitopes of the human h3n2 virus. by comparing the two major h7 phylogenetic l ... | 2015 | 26100010 |
| prevalence of influenza a/h3n2 virus in northern iran from 2011 to 2013. | influenza a virus is the most virulent human pathogen and causes the most serious problem. having epidemiological knowledge about this disease is important. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of influenza a/h3n2 virus infection in northern iran from 2011 to 2013 using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). | 2015 | 26221512 |
| antigenic variation of the human influenza a (h3n2) virus during the 2014-2015 winter season. | the human influenza a (h3n2) virus dominated the 2014-2015 winter season in many countries and caused massive morbidity and mortality because of its antigenic variation. so far, very little is known about the antigenic patterns of the recent h3n2 virus. by systematically mapping the antigenic relationships of h3n2 strains isolated since 2010, we discovered that two groups with obvious antigenic divergence, named sw13 (a/switzerland/9715293/2013-like strains) and hk14 (a/hong kong/5738/2014-like ... | 2015 | 26219513 |
| the virologist and the flu. | we report a case of a virologist - who is in age-appropriate medical condition with no relevant chronic diseases - who shed influenza a h3n2 virus rna for 70 days while infectious virus could be detected by cell culture only up to 5 days after onset of symptoms despite a 5-day course of oseltamivir. the case might have implications for infection control in hospital settings and the weighting of the predictive value of pcr results. | 2015 | 26209407 |
| glycosylation analysis of engineered h3n2 influenza a virus hemagglutinins with sequentially added historically relevant glycosylation sites. | the influenza virus surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (ha) is the major target of host neutralizing antibodies. the oligosaccharides of ha can contribute to ha's antigenic characteristics. after a leap to humans from a zoonotic host, influenza can gain n-glycosylation sequons over time as part of its fitness strategy. this glycosylation expansion has not been studied at the structural level. here we examine ha n-glycosylation of h3n2 virus strains that we have engineered to closely mimic glycos ... | 2015 | 26202417 |
| analysis of influenza transmission in the households of primary and junior high school students during the 2012-13 influenza season in odate, japan. | households are one of the major settings of influenza transmission in the community and transmission is frequently initiated by school-aged children. we surveyed households with primary school (ps) and/ or junior high school (jh) children for the 2012-13 influenza season in odate, japan then characterized the epidemiology of influenza household transmission as well as estimated the serial intervals. | 2015 | 26201316 |
| kolaviron improves morbidity and suppresses mortality by mitigating oxido-inflammation in balb/c mice infected with influenza virus. | influenza a viruses (iav) induce cytokine storm and host's intracellular redox imbalance to ensure continuous replication and survival, leading to severe immunopathology and death. the unpredictability of broad-spectrum vaccines, the emergence of drug-resistant and/or more virulent strains, the prevalence of the amantadane-resistant iav, and the prohibitive cost of available drugs especially in resource-poor countries necessitate exploring drugs with novel action mechanisms as anti-influenza age ... | 2015 | 26200137 |
| phylogeography of influenza a(h3n2) virus in peru, 2010-2012. | it remains unclear whether lineages of influenza a(h3n2) virus can persist in the tropics and seed temperate areas. we used viral gene sequence data sampled from peru to test this source-sink model for a latin american country. viruses were obtained during 2010-2012 from influenza surveillance cohorts in cusco, tumbes, puerto maldonado, and lima. specimens positive for influenza a(h3n2) virus were randomly selected and underwent hemagglutinin sequencing and phylogeographic analyses. analysis of ... | 2015 | 26196599 |
| [composites of peptide nucleic acids with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. iv+. antiviral activity of nanocomposites containing dna/pna duplexes]. | antiviral activity of tio2 · pl · dna/pna nanobiocomposites was studied on the mdck cell culture infected with influenza a virus (subtype h3n2). pna fragment in nanocomposites as a dna/pna heteroduplex is electrostatically bound to titanium dioxide nanoparticles precovered with polylysine (tio2 · pl). it was shown that tio2 · pl · dna1/pna1 nanobiocomposit bearing pna1 fragment targeted to the 3'-end of the noncoding region of segment 5 of viral rna specifically inhibited the virus reproduction ... | 2015 | 26165123 |
| profile of the porcine acute-phase proteins response following experimental co-infection with h3n2 swine influenza virus and pasteurella multocida. | acute phase proteins (apps) are proposed as potential markers of the health status in pigs. | 2015 | 26161700 |
| hemagglutinin sequence conservation guided stem immunogen design from influenza a h3 subtype. | seasonal epidemics caused by influenza a (h1 and h3 subtypes) and b viruses are a major global health threat. the traditional, trivalent influenza vaccines have limited efficacy because of rapid antigenic evolution of the circulating viruses. this antigenic variability mediates viral escape from the host immune responses, necessitating annual vaccine updates. influenza vaccines elicit a protective antibody response, primarily targeting the viral surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (ha). however, ... | 2015 | 26167164 |
| development of a candidate influenza vaccine based on virus-like particles displaying influenza m2e peptide into the immunodominant region of hepatitis b core antigen: broad protective efficacy of particles carrying four copies of m2e. | a long-term objective when designing influenza vaccines is to create one with broad cross-reactivity that will provide effective control over influenza, no matter which strain has caused the disease. here we summarize the results from an investigation into the immunogenic and protective capacities inherent in variations of a recombinant protein, hbc/4m2e. this protein contains four copies of the ectodomain from the influenza virus protein m2 (m2e) fused within the immunodominant loop of the hepa ... | 2015 | 25976545 |
| preparation of monopegylated cyanovirin-n's derivative and its anti-influenza a virus bioactivity in vitro and in vivo. | influenza a virus (iav) has been raising public health and safety concerns worldwide. cyanovirin-n (cvn) is a prominent anti-iav candidate, but both cytotoxicity and immunogenicity have hindered the development of this protein as a viable therapy. in this article, linker-cvn (lcvn) with a flexible and hydrophilic polypeptide at the n-terminus was efficiently produced from the cytoplasm of escherichia coli at a >15-l scale. pegylation at the n-terminal α-amine of lcvn was also reformed as 20 kda ... | 2015 | 25713409 |
| a nonfusogenic antigen mimic of influenza hemagglutinin glycoproteins constituted with soluble full-length ha1 and truncated ha2 proteins expressed in e. coli. | a novel method is proposed to produce a soluble recombinant antigen mimic, constituted with full-length ha1 and truncated ha2 individually expressed in e. coli, instead of a precursor form of hemagglutinin protein, that is similar to the naturally processed and disulfide-linked ha1/ha2 on the envelope of the influenza a virus strain x-31 (h3n2). a truncated ectodomain of ha2 subunit, ha2(23-185)/c137s, lacked two membrane-interacting sequences, i.e., the n-terminal fusion peptide as well as the ... | 2015 | 25288022 |
| antiviral activities of several oral traditional chinese medicines against influenza viruses. | influenza is still a serious threat to human health with significant morbidity and mortality. the emergence of drug-resistant influenza viruses poses a great challenge to existing antiviral drugs. traditional chinese medicines (tcms) may be an alternative to overcome the challenge. here, 10 oral proprietary chinese medicines were selected to evaluate their anti-influenza activities. these drugs exhibit potent inhibitory effects against influenza a h1n1, influenza a h3n2, and influenza b virus. i ... | 2015 | 26557857 |
| anti-viral and cytotoxic norbisabolane sesquiterpenoid glycosides from phyllanthus emblica and their absolute configurations. | in an effort to identify anti-viral and cytotoxic compounds from phyllanthus spp., 14 highly oxygenated norbisabolane sesquiterpenoids, phyllaemblicins h1-h14, were isolated from the roots of phyllanthus emblica linn, along with phyllaemblicins b and c and glochicoccinoside d. their structures were determined on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. determination of absolute configurations of these compounds was facilitated by theoretical calculations of electronic c ... | 2015 | 26074492 |
| viral etiology of community-acquired pneumonia among adolescents and adults with mild or moderate severity and its relation to age and severity. | better knowledge of distribution of respiratory viruses (rvs) in adolescents and adults with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is needed. | 2015 | 25812108 |
| effective lethal mutagenesis of influenza virus by three nucleoside analogs. | lethal mutagenesis is a broad-spectrum antiviral strategy that exploits the high mutation rate and low mutational tolerance of many rna viruses. this approach uses mutagenic drugs to increase viral mutation rates and burden viral populations with mutations that reduce the number of infectious progeny. we investigated the effectiveness of lethal mutagenesis as a strategy against influenza virus using three nucleoside analogs, ribavirin, 5-azacytidine, and 5-fluorouracil. all three drugs were acti ... | 2015 | 25589650 |
| protection against multiple influenza a virus strains induced by candidate recombinant vaccine based on heterologous m2e peptides linked to flagellin. | matrix 2 protein ectodomain (m2e) is considered a promising candidate for a broadly protective influenza vaccine. m2e-based vaccines against human influenza a provide only partial protection against avian influenza viruses because of differences in the m2e sequences. in this work, we evaluated the possibility of obtaining equal protection and immune response by using recombinant protein on the basis of flagellin as a carrier of the m2e peptides of human and avian influenza a viruses. recombinant ... | 2015 | 25799221 |
| diversity in compartmental dynamics of gene regulatory networks: the immune response in primary influenza a infection in mice. | current approaches to study transcriptional profiles post influenza infection typically rely on tissue sampling from one or two sites at a few time points, such as spleen and lung in murine models. in this study, we infected female c57/bl6 mice intranasally with mouse-adapted h3n2/hong kong/x31 avian influenza a virus, and then analyzed the gene expression profiles in four different compartments (blood, lung, mediastinal lymph nodes, and spleen) over 11 consecutive days post infection. these dat ... | 2015 | 26413862 |
| canine susceptibility to human influenza viruses (a/pdm 09h1n1, a/h3n2 and b). | we investigated the infectivity and transmissibility of the human seasonal h3n2, pandemic (pdm) h1n1 (2009) and b influenza viruses in dogs. dogs inoculated with human seasonal h3n2 and pdm h1n1 influenza viruses exhibited nasal shedding and were seroconverted against the viruses; this did not occur in the influenza b virus-inoculated dogs. transmission of human h3n2 virus between dogs was demonstrated by observing nasal shedding and seroconversion in naïve dogs after contact with inoculated dog ... | 2015 | 25312584 |
| multiplex rt-pcr and indirect immunofluorescence assays for detection and subtyping of human influenza virus in tunisia. | influenza viruses are negative stranded segmented rna viruses belonging to orthomyxoviridae family. they are classified into three types a, b, and c. type a influenza viruses are classified into subtypes according to the antigenic characters of the surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (h) and neuraminidase (n). the aim of the present study is to develop a fast and reliable multiplex rt-pcr technique for detecting simultaneously the subtypes a/h1n1 and a/h3n2 of influenza virus. our study include ... | 2015 | 25366277 |
| detection of novel reassortant influenza a (h3n2) and h1n1 2009 pandemic viruses in swine in hanoi, vietnam. | from may to september 2013, monthly samples were collected from swine in a vietnamese slaughterhouse for influenza virus isolation and serological testing. a(h1n1)pdm09 viruses and a novel h3n2 originating from reassortment between a(h1n1)pdm09 and novel viruses of the north american triple reassortant lineage were isolated. serological results showed low seroprevalence for the novel h3n2 virus and higher seroprevalence for a(h1n1)pdm09 viruses. in addition, serology suggested that other swine i ... | 2015 | 25363845 |
| combination of multiplex reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification with an immunochromatographic strip for subtyping influenza a virus. | considering the fatal human victims and economic loss by the annual epidemic influenza virus, the development of a rapid and convenient genetic analysis methodology is demanding for timely on-site pathogen detection. in this study, we utilized reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) for multiplex target gene amplification, and the resultant amplicons were analyzed on the immunochromatographic strip (ics) for subtyping influenza a virus. through the optimized primer ... | 2015 | 25467501 |
| synergistic effect of nitazoxanide with neuraminidase inhibitors against influenza a viruses in vitro. | the emergence of drug-resistant influenza a virus (iav) strains represents a serious threat to global human health and underscores the need for novel approaches to anti-influenza chemotherapy. combination therapy with drugs affecting different iav targets represents an attractive option for influenza treatment. we have previously shown that the thiazolide anti-infective nitazoxanide (ntz) inhibits h1n1 iav replication by selectively blocking viral hemagglutinin maturation. herein we investigate ... | 2015 | 25451059 |
| a vero-cell-adapted vaccine donor strain of influenza a virus generated by serial passages. | a cell culture-based vaccine production system is preferred for the large-scale production of influenza vaccines and has advantages for generating vaccines against highly pathogenic influenza a viruses. vero cells have been widely used in human vaccine manufacturing, and the safety of these cells has been well demonstrated. however, the most commonly used influenza-vaccine donor virus, a/puerto rico/8/1934 (pr8) virus, does not grow efficiently in vero cells. therefore, we adapted the pr8 virus ... | 2015 | 25448099 |
| poly i:c adjuvanted inactivated swine influenza vaccine induces heterologous protective immunity in pigs. | swine influenza is widely prevalent in swine herds in north america and europe causing enormous economic losses and a public health threat. pigs can be infected by both avian and mammalian influenza viruses and are sources of generation of reassortant influenza viruses capable of causing pandemics in humans. current commercial vaccines provide satisfactory immunity against homologous viruses; however, protection against heterologous viruses is not adequate. in this study, we evaluated the protec ... | 2015 | 25437101 |
| pathogenicity and transmissibility of novel reassortant h3n2 influenza viruses with 2009 pandemic h1n1 genes in pigs. | at least 10 different genotypes of novel reassortant h3n2 influenza viruses with 2009 pandemic h1n1 [a(h1n1)pdm09] gene(s) have been identified in u.s. pigs, including the h3n2 variant with a single a(h1n1)pdm09 m gene, which has infected more than 300 people. to date, only three genotypes of these viruses have been evaluated in animal models, and the pathogenicity and transmissibility of the other seven genotype viruses remain unknown. here, we show that three h3n2 reassortant viruses that cont ... | 2015 | 25540372 |
| cross-reactive immunity against influenza viruses in children and adults following 2009 pandemic h1n1 infection. | 2009 h1n1 pandemic influenza (a(h1n1)pdm09) virus infected large numbers of people worldwide. recent studies suggest infection with a(h1n1)pdm09 virus elicited cross-reactive anti-hemagglutinin (ha) memory b cell response to conserved regions of ha. however, the breadth and magnitude of cross-reactive immunity in children and adults following a(h1n1)pdm09 infection are unknown. | 2015 | 25513756 |
| influenza vaccine effectiveness assessment through sentinel virological data in three post-pandemic seasons. | influenza vaccination aims at reducing the incidence of serious disease, complications and death among those with the most risk of severe influenza disease. influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve) through sentinel surveillance data from the pidirac program (daily acute respiratory infection surveillance of catalonia) during 2010-2011, 2011-2012, and 2012-2013 influenza seasons, with three different predominant circulating influenza virus (iv) types [a(h1n1)pdm09, a(h3n2) and b, respectively] was as ... | 2015 | 25483540 |
| ten years (2004-2014) of influenza surveillance in northern italy. | as the regional influenza reference centre operating within the italian network influnet, here we report data on virological and epidemiological surveillance of influenza, as well as on the vaccination coverage rates achieved in lombardy (northern italy) over 10 consecutive winter seasons (2004-2014). over the past 10 years, influenza vaccine coverage declined both in the general population (from 15.7% in 2004-2005 to 11.7% in 2013-2014) and in the vaccine-target population of individuals ≥65- ... | 2015 | 25483536 |
| computational insights into the inhibition of influenza viruses by rupestonic acid derivatives: pharmacophore modeling, 3d-qsar, comfa and comsia studies. | the pharmacophore modeling and 3d-qsar studies were performed on a series of amino alkyl rupestonates (rupestonic acid) derivatives reported for h1n1, h3n2 and influenza b virus, na inhibition. in order to improve the efficacy of amino alkyl rupestonates derivatives, a four point pharmacophore model with one acceptor and three hydrophobic regions was developed. furthermore, the 3d-qsar model was generated based on the pharmacophore hypothesis (ahhh) for each subtype. the hypothesis was more sign ... | 2015 | 25483013 |
| evaluation of the activity of influenza and influenza-like viruses in the epidemic season 2013/2014. | infections caused by respiratory viruses can have different clinical symptoms, while specific set of symptoms can be induced by different viruses. despite usually mild course of disease, some viruses causing certain disease entity can result in serious complications. therefore, quick and appropriate diagnostic is crucial for administering proper treatment. in the epidemic season 2013/2014, 2,497 specimens were tested. infections caused by influenza viruses were confirmed in 9.8%, while infection ... | 2015 | 25786402 |
| integrated sentinel surveillance linking genetic, antigenic, and epidemiologic monitoring of influenza vaccine-virus relatedness and effectiveness during the 2013-2014 influenza season. | canada's sentinel physician surveillance network links genetic, antigenic, and vaccine effectiveness (ve) measures in an integrated platform of influenza monitoring, described here for the 2013-2014 influenza season of resurgent a(h1n1)pdm09 and late-season type b activity. | 2015 | 25784728 |
| antibody responses to influenza viruses in paediatric patients and their contacts at the onset of the 2009 pandemic in mexico. | on april 2009, the mexican ministry of health received notification of cases of severe pneumonia mostly affecting young healthy people; this was the beginning of the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century. the nature of the immune response to the influenza a(h1n1)2009 pandemic strain in mexico at the beginning of the pandemic outbreak has not been completely defined. we describe the serological response to the 2009 pandemic influenza virus in paediatric patients with influenza-like illness ... | 2015 | 25771463 |
| swine influenza virus pa and neuraminidase gene reassortment into human h1n1 influenza virus is associated with an altered pathogenic phenotype linked to increased mip-2 expression. | swine are susceptible to infection by both avian and human influenza viruses, and this feature is thought to contribute to novel reassortant influenza viruses. in this study, the influenza virus reassortment rate in swine and human cells was determined. coinfection of swine cells with 2009 pandemic h1n1 virus (huh1n1) and an endemic swine h1n2 (a/swine/illinois/02860/09) virus (swh1n2) resulted in a 23% reassortment rate that was independent of α2,3- or α2,6-sialic acid distribution on the cells ... | 2015 | 25762737 |
| sparse serological evidence of h5n1 avian influenza virus infections in domestic cats, northeastern china. | today the cross-species transmission of avian influenza viruses (aiv) are a great concern. a number of aiv strains are now enzootic among poultry, with h9n2 and highly pathogenic h5n1 aiv strains prevalent in china. h5n1 strains have been recognized to infect zoo and domestic feline species. in this serological study we sought to examine evidence that h5n1 strains have infected domestic cats in northeastern china. in 2013, we conducted a cross-sectional serological study of 916 healthy cats in h ... | 2015 | 25752867 |
| global update on the susceptibility of human influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors, 2013-2014. | four world health organization (who) collaborating centres for reference and research on influenza and one who collaborating centre for the surveillance, epidemiology and control of influenza (who ccs) tested 10,641 viruses collected by who-recognized national influenza centres between may 2013 and may 2014 to determine 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) data for neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir and laninamivir. in addition, neuraminidase (na) sequence data, ava ... | 2015 | 25721488 |
| cross-reactivity of immunoglobulin a secreted on the nasal mucosa in mice nasally inoculated with inactivated h1n1 influenza a viruses in the presence of d-octaarginine-linked polymers. | we evaluated cross-reactivity of immunoglobulin a (iga) secreted on the nasal mucosa in mice that were nasally inoculated 4 times with a mixture of inactivated h1n1 influenza a viruses and poly(n-vinylacetamide-co-acrylic acid) (pnva-co-aa) bearing d-octaarginine at 7-day intervals. three viral strains (a/puerto rico/8/34, a/new caledonia/20/99 ivr116, and a/solomon islands/03/2006) and d-octaarginine-linked polymers with different molecular weights were used as antigens and their carriers, resp ... | 2015 | 25720816 |
| positive selection drives preferred segment combinations during influenza virus reassortment. | influenza a virus (iav) has a segmented genome that allows for the exchange of genome segments between different strains. this reassortment accelerates evolution by breaking linkage, helping iav cross species barriers to potentially create highly virulent strains. challenges associated with monitoring the process of reassortment in molecular detail have limited our understanding of its evolutionary implications. we applied a novel deep sequencing approach with quantitative analysis to assess the ... | 2015 | 25713211 |
| development and characterization of a panel of cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies generated using h1n1 influenza virus. | to characterize the antigenic epitopes of the hemagglutinin (ha) protein of h1n1 influenza virus, a panel consisting of 84 clones of murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were generated using the ha proteins from the 2009 pandemic h1n1 vaccine lysate and the seasonal influenza h1n1(a1) vaccines. thirty-three (39%) of the 84 mabs were found to be strain-specific, and 6 (7%) of the 84 mabs were subtype-specific. twenty (24%) of the 84 mabs recognized the common ha epitopes shared by 2009 pandemic h1 ... | 2015 | 25708705 |
| analysis of potential changes in seriousness of influenza a and b viruses in hong kong from 2001 to 2011. | continued monitoring of the seriousness of influenza viruses is a public health priority. we applied time-series regression models to data on cardio-respiratory mortality rates in hong kong from 2001 to 2011. we used surveillance data on outpatient consultations for influenza-like illness, and laboratory detections of influenza types/subtypes to construct proxy measures of influenza activity. in the model we allowed the regression coefficients for influenza to drift over time, and adjusted for t ... | 2015 | 25703399 |
| characterization of co-circulating swine influenza a viruses in north america and the identification of a novel h1 genetic clade with antigenic significance. | multiple genetically and antigenically distinct hemagglutinin genes of the h1 and h3 influenza a virus (iav) subtypes co-circulate in north american swine. this diversity has evolved by repeated transmission of iavs from humans to swine and subsequent antigenic drift in swine. to understand the evolutionary dynamics of these diverse ha lineages in north american swine, we undertook a phylogenetic analysis of 1576 h1 and 607 h3 ha gene segments, as well as 834 n1 and 1293 n2 na gene segments, and ... | 2015 | 25701742 |
| heterosubtypic protection conferred by the human monoclonal antibody pn-sia28 against influenza a virus lethal infections in mice. | pn-sia28 is a human monoclonal antibody (hu-mab) targeting highly conserved epitopes within the stem portion of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) (n. clementi, et al, plos one 6:e28001, 2011, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028001). previous in vitro studies demonstrated pn-sia28 neutralizing activities against phylogenetically divergent influenza a subtypes. in this study, the protective activity of pn-sia28 was evaluated in mice inoculated with lethal influenza a/wsn/33 (h1n1), a/ ... | 2015 | 25691648 |
| ha1-specific indirect elisa for serological detection of canine influenza virus h3n2 infection in dogs. | an indirect elisa using recombinant ha1 protein of canine influenza virus (civ) as a coating antigen was developed and characterized for its application to serosurveillance in dogs. the civ h3n2-specific indirect elisa was developed using recombinant ha1 protein (baculovirus-expression system) as a coating antigen. a total of 65 civ h3n2-positive or negative canine sera were tested by the indirect elisa for receiver operating characteristic (roc) analysis and results compared to those generated ... | 2015 | 25682751 |
| molecular epidemiology and evolution of influenza a and b viruses during winter 2013-2014 in beijing, china. | in this study, we investigated the molecular epidemiology and evolution of influenza viruses from patients infected during the 2013-2014 influenza season in beijing. a phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) sequences of influenza a and b viruses from 18 patients (6 a(h1n1)pdm09, 4 h3n2, and 8 influenza b virus) was performed. among the influenza a viruses, a(h1n1)pdm09 was the dominant subtype, whereas the b/yamagata lineage was predominant for influenza b. the in ... | 2015 | 25676826 |
| clinical experience with intravenous zanamivir under an emergency ind program in the united states (2011-2014). | since the emergence of 2009 h1n1 virus, intravenous (iv) zanamivir has been authorized as an investigational treatment for patients with serious and life-threatening influenza through an emergency investigational new drug application (eind). this review encompasses the fda's eind database from may 2011 to june 2014. | 2015 | 25667992 |
| protection against h5n1 by multiple immunizations with seasonal influenza vaccine in mice is correlated with h5 cross-reactive antibodies. | current seasonal influenza vaccines are believed to confer protection against a narrow range of virus strains. however, their protective ability is commonly estimated based on an in vitro correlate of protection that only considers a subset of anti-influenza antibodies that are typically strain specific, i.e., hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies. here, we evaluate the breadth of protection induced with a seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine (composition h1n1 a/california/07/09, h3n2 a/victori ... | 2015 | 25659276 |
| distribution of antibodies against influenza virus in pigs from farrow-to-finish farms in minas gerais state, brazil. | swine influenza virus (siv) is the cause of an acute respiratory disease that affects swine worldwide. in brazil, siv has been identified in pigs since 1978. after the emergence of pandemic h1n1 in 2009 (h1n1pdm09), few studies reported the presence of influenza virus in brazilian herds. | 2015 | 25648743 |
| molecular epidemiology of influenza a virus infection among hospitalized children in vietnam during post-pandemic period. | genetic variability makes influenza virus to escape the immunity and causes yearly epidemics. monitoring those changes is necessary for vaccine selection. in addition, h3n2 viruses were considered to be seeded from southeast asia before spreading globally. this study described the molecular epidemiology of influenza a during the post-pandemic season 2010-2011 in vietnam. nasopharyngeal samples were collected from children with respiratory infections at children's hospital 2, ho chi minh city. th ... | 2015 | 25648607 |
| physical detection of influenza a epitopes identifies a stealth subset on human lung epithelium evading natural cd8 immunity. | vaccines eliciting immunity against influenza a viruses (iavs) are currently antibody-based with hemagglutinin-directed antibody titer the only universally accepted immune correlate of protection. to investigate the disconnection between observed cd8 t-cell responses and immunity to iav, we used a poisson liquid chromatography data-independent acquisition ms method to physically detect pr8/34 (h1n1), x31 (h3n2), and victoria/75 (h3n2) epitopes bound to hla-a*02:01 on human epithelial cells follo ... | 2015 | 25646416 |
| molecular surveillance of antiviral drug resistance of influenza a/h3n2 virus in singapore, 2009-2013. | adamantanes and neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) are two classes of antiviral drugs available for the chemoprophylaxis and treatment of influenza infections. to determine the frequency of drug resistance in influenza a/h3n2 viruses in singapore, large-scale sequencing of neuraminidase (na) and matrix protein (mp) genes was performed directly without initial culture amplification. 241 laboratory-confirmed influenza a/h3n2 clinical samples, collected between may 2009 and november 2013 were included ... | 2015 | 25635767 |
| serological evidence of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus in pigs, west and central africa. | besides birds, pigs are another important reservoir of influenza a viruses that can be transmitted to human, as highlighted by the emergence and spread of the pandemic (h1n1) virus (pdm/09) in 2009. surveillance in pigs is therefore necessary for public health and influenza pandemic preparedness. nevertheless, there is a serious lack of data on influenza in africa, especially in swine. we therefore collected serum samples from pigs in nigeria (2009, 2012) and cameroon (2011) in which the presenc ... | 2015 | 25631252 |
| 2012/13 influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalised influenza a(h1n1)pdm09, a(h3n2) and b: estimates from a european network of hospitals. | while influenza vaccines aim to decrease the incidence of severe influenza among high-risk groups, evidence of influenza vaccine effectiveness (ive) among the influenza vaccine target population is sparse. we conducted a multicentre test-negative case-control study to estimate ive against hospitalised laboratory-confirmed influenza in the target population in 18 hospitals in france, italy, lithuania and the navarre and valencia regions in spain. all hospitalised patients aged ≥18 years, belongin ... | 2015 | 25613779 |
| influenza viruses with receptor-binding n1 neuraminidases occur sporadically in several lineages and show no attenuation in cell culture or mice. | in nearly all characterized influenza viruses, hemagglutinin (ha) is the receptor-binding protein while neuraminidase (na) is a receptor-cleaving protein that aids in viral release. however, in recent years, several groups have described point mutations that confer receptor-binding activity on na, albeit in laboratory rather than natural settings. one of these mutations, d151g, appears to arise in the na of recent human h3n2 viruses upon passage in tissue culture. we inadvertently isolated the s ... | 2015 | 25609803 |
| integrated centrifugal reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification microdevice for influenza a virus detection. | an integrated reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) microdevice which consists of microbead-assisted rna purification and rt-lamp with real-time monitoring by a miniaturized optical detector was demonstrated. the integrated rt-lamp microdevice includes four reservoirs for a viral rna sample (purified influenza a viral rna or lysates), a washing solution (70% ethanol), an elution solution (rnase-free water), and an rt-lamp cocktail, and two chambers (a waste chamb ... | 2015 | 25569879 |
| comparison of multiplex rt-pcr with virus isolation for detection, typing and sub-typing of influenza virus from influenza-like illness cases. | influenza epidemics and periodic pandemics occur worldwide resulting in significant mortality, morbidity and economic loss. there is need for a sensitive, rapid and cost-effective assay to detect, type and sub-type influenza viruses, as cell culture has a long turnaround time. | 2015 | 25560005 |
| co-immunization with tandem repeat heterologous m2 extracellular proteins overcomes strain-specific protection of split vaccine against influenza a virus. | current influenza vaccines are less efficacious against antigenically different influenza a viruses. this study presents an approach to overcome strain-specific protection, using a strategy of co-immunization with seasonal h3n2 split vaccine and yeast-expressed soluble proteins of a tandem repeat containing heterologous influenza m2 ectodomains (m2e5x). co-immunization with both vaccines in mice was superior to either vaccine alone in inducing cross protection against heterologous h3n2 virus by ... | 2015 | 26248203 |
| characterization of humoral responses induced by an h7n9 influenza virus-like particle vaccine in balb/c mice. | in april 2013, human infections with a novel avian influenza (h7n9) virus emerged in china. it has caused serious concerns for public health throughout the world. however, there is presently no effective treatment, and an a (h7n9) h7 subtype influenza vaccine is not available. vaccination with virus-like particles (vlps) has showed considerable promise for many other subtype influenza viruses. to produce h7n9 vlps, full length, unmodified hemagglutinin (ha), neuraminidase (na), and matrix1 (m1) ... | 2015 | 26248076 |
| broadly protective immunity against divergent influenza viruses by oral co-administration of lactococcus lactis expressing nucleoprotein adjuvanted with cholera toxin b subunit in mice. | current influenza vaccines need to be annually reformulated to well match the predicated circulating strains. thus, it is critical for developing a novel universal influenza vaccine that would be able to confer cross-protection against constantly emerging divergent influenza virus strains. influenza virus a is a genus of the orthomyxoviridae family of viruses. influenza virus nucleoprotein (np) is a structural protein which encapsidates the negative strand viral rna, and anti-np antibodies play ... | 2015 | 26242406 |
| influenza sentinel surveillance among patients with influenza-like-illness and severe acute respiratory illness within the framework of the national reference laboratory, niger, 2009-2013. | little is known about the epidemiology of influenza in africa, including niger. we documented the epidemiology of seasonal and pandemic influenza among outpatients with influenza-like-illness (ili) and inpatients with severe acute respiratory illness (sari) presenting at selected sentinel sites in niger from april 2009 through april 2013. | 2015 | 26230666 |
| molecular epidemiology and evolution of influenza viruses circulating within european swine between 2009 and 2013. | the emergence in humans of the a(h1n1)pdm09 influenza virus, a complex reassortant virus of swine origin, highlighted the importance of worldwide influenza virus surveillance in swine. to date, large-scale surveillance studies have been reported for southern china and north america, but such data have not yet been described for europe. we report the first large-scale genomic characterization of 290 swine influenza viruses collected from 14 european countries between 2009 and 2013. a total of 23 ... | 2015 | 26202246 |
| the global influenza hospital surveillance network (gihsn): a new platform to describe the epidemiology of severe influenza. | influenza is a global public health problem. however, severe influenza only recently has been addressed in routine surveillance. | 2015 | 26198771 |
| influenza a viruses of human origin in swine, brazil. | the evolutionary origins of the influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 virus that caused the first outbreak of the 2009 pandemic in mexico remain unclear, highlighting the lack of swine surveillance in latin american countries. although brazil has one of the largest swine populations in the world, influenza was not thought to be endemic in brazil's swine until the major outbreaks of influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 in 2009. through phylogenetic analysis of whole-genome sequences of influenza viruses of the h1n1, h1n2, an ... | 2015 | 26196759 |
| gene expression profiles link respiratory viral infection, platelet response to aspirin, and acute myocardial infarction. | influenza infection is associated with myocardial infarction (mi), suggesting that respiratory viral infection may induce biologic pathways that contribute to mi. we tested the hypotheses that 1) a validated blood gene expression signature of respiratory viral infection (viral ges) was associated with mi and 2) respiratory viral exposure changes levels of a validated platelet gene expression signature (platelet ges) of platelet function in response to aspirin that is associated with mi. | 2015 | 26193668 |
| 6sln-lipo pga specifically catches (coats) human influenza virus and synergizes neuraminidase-targeting drugs for human influenza therapeutic potential. | the purpose of this study was to develop a new compound to overcome influenza epidemics and pandemics as well as drug resistance. | 2015 | 26169554 |
| the serine protease inhibitor camostat inhibits influenza virus replication and cytokine production in primary cultures of human tracheal epithelial cells. | serine proteases act through the proteolytic cleavage of the hemagglutinin (ha) of influenza viruses for the entry of influenza virus into cells, resulting in infection. however, the inhibitory effects of serine protease inhibitors on influenza virus infection of human airway epithelial cells, and on their production of inflammatory cytokines are unclear. | 2015 | 26166259 |
| [genetic diversity and evolution of the m gene of human influenza a viruses from 2009 to 2013 in hangzhou, china]. | we investigated the genetic diversity and evolution of the m gene of human influenza a viruses in hangzhou (zhejiang province, china) from 2009 to 2013, including subtypes of a(h1n1) pdm09 strains and seasonal a(h3n2) strains. subtypes of analyzed viruses were identified by cell culture and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, followed by cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the m gene. assessment of 5675 throat swabs revealed a positive rate for the influenza v ... | 2015 | 26164939 |
| pregnancy outcome and clinical status of gilts following experimental infection by h1n2, h3n2 and h1n1pdm09 influenza a viruses during the last month of gestation. | the present study was planned to study the effect of various subtypes of swine influenza virus (siv) circulating among pigs (h1n2, h3n2 and emerging pandemic strain of h1n1 influenza a virus (h1n1pdm09) on the course of pregnancy in naïve gilts experimentally infected during the last month of pregnancy. in addition, the clinical course of infection, distribution of viruses in various tissues (blood, placenta, fetal lung), and selected immunological, reproductive and productive parameters were al ... | 2015 | 26162303 |
| single-dose cpg immunization protects against a heterosubtypic challenge and generates antigen-specific memory t cells. | despite extensive research, influenza a virus (iav) remains a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure. emerging pandemics from highly pathogenic iav strains, such as h5n1 and pandemic h1n1, highlight the need for universal, cross-protective vaccines. current vaccine formulations generate strain-specific neutralizing antibodies primarily against the outer coat proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. in contrast to these highly mutable proteins, internal proteins of iav ... | 2015 | 26161083 |
| co-infection of influenza a viruses of swine contributes to effective shuffling of gene segments in a naturally reared pig. | following the 2009 h1n1 pandemic, surveillance activities have been accelerated globally to monitor the emergence of novel reassortant viruses. however, the mechanism by which influenza a viruses of swine (iav-s) acquire novel gene constellations through reassortment events in natural settings remains poorly understood. to explore the mechanism, we collected 785 nasal swabs from pigs in a farm in thailand from 2011 to 2014. h3n2, h3n1, h1n1 and h1n2 iavs-s were isolated from a single co-infected ... | 2015 | 26115167 |
| a 2013/2014 northern hemisphere season surface antigen inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine--assessing the immunogenicity and safety in an open label, uncontrolled study. | the present study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the 2013/2014 trivalent surface antigen inactivated subunit seasonal influenza virus vaccine fluvirin® in healthy adults (18 - ≤ 60 years) and elderly (>60 years). the vaccine contained 15 µg haemagglutinin protein from each of influenza a/california/7/2009 (h1n1)pdm09-like strain, a/victoria/361/2011 (h3n2)-like strain and b/massachusetts/2/2012-like strain (b/yamagata) as recommended by the who in the 2013/2014 northern hemisphere se ... | 2015 | 26114800 |
| international laboratory comparison of influenza microneutralization assays for a(h1n1)pdm09, a(h3n2), and a(h5n1) influenza viruses by consise. | the microneutralization assay is commonly used to detect antibodies to influenza virus, and multiple protocols are used worldwide. these protocols differ in the incubation time of the assay as well as in the order of specific steps, and even within protocols there are often further adjustments in individual laboratories. the impact these protocol variations have on influenza serology data is unclear. thus, a laboratory comparison of the 2-day enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and 3-day h ... | 2015 | 26108286 |
| virus-neutralizing antibody response of mice to consecutive infection with human and avian influenza a viruses. | in this work we simulated in a mouse model a naturally occurring situation of humans, who overcame an infection with epidemic strains of influenza a, and were subsequently exposed to avian influenza a viruses (iav). the antibody response to avian iav in mice previously infected with human iav was analyzed. we used two avian iav (a/duck/czechoslovakia/1956 (h4n6) and the attenuated virus ra/viet nam/1203-2004 (h5n1)) as well as two human iav isolates (virus a/mississippi/1/1985 (h3n2) of medium v ... | 2015 | 26104333 |
| in vitro neuraminidase inhibitory activity of four neuraminidase inhibitors against clinical isolates of the influenza virus circulating in the japanese 2013-2014 season. | to assess the extent of viral resistance, we measured the 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) of neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) for the influenza virus isolates in the 2013-2014 influenza season and compared the results to those of the 2010-2011 to 2012-2013 influenza seasons. viral isolation was done with specimens obtained prior to treatment, and the type and subtype of influenza was determined by rt-pcr using type- and subtype-specific primers. the ic50 was determined by a neuraminidase inhi ... | 2015 | 26096495 |
| influenza virus activating host proteases: identification, localization and inhibitors as potential therapeutics. | cellular proteases are reponsible for activation of influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) in epithelial tissues of the respiratory tract. the trans-golgi network (tgn) is the main subcellular compartment where ha cleavage occurs during its biosynthesis. the proteolytic ha cleavage is an indispensable prerequisite for the fusion of viral with endosomal membrane and the delivery of the virus genome into the cell. both, the structure and accessibility of the ha cleavage site determine the responsible ... | 2015 | 26095298 |