Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| rabies: new insights into pathogenesis and treatment. | the occurrences of transmission of rabies virus by organ and vascular conduit transplantation, and recovery from rabies by a patient in wisconsin, will be addressed. perspectives will be given on the prevention of rabies by organ transplantation and on the management of patients with rabies. | 2006 | 16702833 |
| postmortem confirmation of human rabies source. | 2006 | 16710960 | |
| transduction of motor neurons and muscle fibers by intramuscular injection of hiv-1-based vectors pseudotyped with select rabies virus glycoproteins. | for studies of motor neuron function or for therapeutic purposes, novel pseudotype hiv-1-based vectors were developed that are capable of expressing transgenes in motor neurons following injection into mouse hind limb muscles. to specifically target motor neurons, glycoproteins from two rabies virus (rv) isolates, the mouse-brain adapted challenge virus 24 (cvs-24) variants, cvs-n2c and cvs-b2c were evaluated for pseudotype formation with an hiv-1-based vector. both rv glycoproteins incorporated ... | 2006 | 16725205 |
| bat rabies virus variants causing human rabies. | 2006 | 16732165 | |
| detection of rabies virus antigen or antibody using flow cytometry. | rabies is invariably a fatal encephalomyelitis that is considered to be a serious public health problem. rabies diagnosis must be rapid and conclusive. detection and quantification of antirabies antibodies is used for assessment of the effectiveness of rabies vaccines. hence, computer-automated detection of fluorescence using flow cytometry was attempted to reduce the work time required to undertake the conventional rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (rffit). | 2006 | 16739219 |
| a molecular epidemiological study of rabies in cuba. | to investigate the emergence and current situation of terrestrial rabies in cuba, a collection of rabies virus specimens was employed for genetic characterization. these data supported the monophyletic nature of all terrestrial rabies viruses presently circulating in cuba but additionally delineated several distinct variants exhibiting limited spatial distribution which may reflect the history of rabies spread on the island. the strain of rabies currently circulating in cuba, which emerged on th ... | 2006 | 16740188 |
| regional differences in blood-brain barrier permeability changes and inflammation in the apathogenic clearance of virus from the central nervous system. | the loss of blood-brain barrier (bbb) integrity in cns inflammatory responses triggered by infection and autoimmunity has generally been associated with the development of neurological signs. in the present study, we demonstrate that the clearance of the attenuated rabies virus cvs-f3 from the cns is an exception; increased bbb permeability and cns inflammation occurs in the absence of neurological sequelae. we speculate that regionalization of the cns inflammatory response contributes to its la ... | 2006 | 16751414 |
| [rabies virus antibody titers in dogs in campo grande, mato grosso do sul state, during the anti-rabies campaign, 2003]. | to assess the immune response in dogs attended during the 2003 anti-rabies animal vaccination campaign, 333 serum samples collected at different vaccination posts were analyzed. it was found that 51.1% of the animals did not have protective titers. no correlation was found between vaccine application or multiple vaccinations and higher immune titers. | 2006 | 17308701 |
| use of infrared thermography to detect signs of rabies infection in raccoons (procyon lotor). | infrared thermography was evaluated as a technique to determine if raccoons (procyon lotor) experimentally infected with rabies virus could be differentiated from noninfected raccoons. following a 10-day adjustment period, raccoons (n = 6) were infected with a virulent rabies street strain raccoon variant by injection into the masseter muscle at a dose of 2 x 10(4) tissue-culture infectious dose (tcid50) in 0.2 ml (n = 4) or 10(5) tcid50 in 1 ml (n = 2). five of the six raccoons developed prodro ... | 2006 | 17315437 |
| rabies virus maintained by dogs in humans and terrestrial wildlife, ceará state, brazil. | rabies viruses circulating in ceará, brazil, were identified by molecular analysis to be related to variants maintained by dogs, bats, and other wildlife. most of these viruses are associated with human rabies cases. we document the emergence of a rabies virus variant responsible for an independent epidemic cycle in the crab-eating fox (cerdocyon thous). | 2006 | 17326958 |
| rabies in hooded and striped skunks in arizona. | arizona is home to four species of skunks, and rabies is enzootic in the region in which their ranges overlap. examination of state health data from 1985 to 2004 revealed an irregular 4-10 yr periodicity in the number of cases annually, which may be related to past precipitation patterns. the number of rabid skunks peaked during springtime. locations of rabies epizootics changed over time, but there was no evidence of a large-scale geographic spread. skunks live-trapped during 1996-2002 had a lo ... | 2006 | 17255450 |
| multiple circuits relaying primate parallel visual pathways to the middle temporal area. | parallel pathways in the primate visual system parse the sensory signal into magnocellular (m), parvocellular (p), and koniocellular (k) streams. these pathways remain anatomically separate and distinct from their origination in different retinal ganglion cell types, through distinct layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus, and into primary visual cortex (v1), with the m pathway terminating primarily in layer 4calpha, the p pathway in layer 4cbeta, and the k pathway in the cytochrome oxidase bl ... | 2006 | 17151282 |
| diagnosis of human rabies cases by polymerase chain reaction of neck-skin samples. | rapid diagnosis of rabies in suspected human cases influences post-exposure prophylaxis for potential contacts of the patient and ensures appropriate patient management. apart from the central nervous system (cns), rabies virus (rabv) is usually present in small sensory nerves adjacent to hair follicles of infected humans. we used an rt-pcr, with primers targeted to the 3' terminal portion of the nucleoprotein gene (n), to test neck-skin samples of nine patients who had rabies in order to valida ... | 2006 | 17293923 |
| emerging viral infections in transplantation. | viral infections are an important complication of transplantation. the introduction of more potent immunosuppressive agents over the past decade correlates with an increase in the rate of hospitalizations of transplant patients with infections. specifically, viral infections have emerged as a major source of morbidity and mortality in transplantation. there are several potential intervention strategies in the face of emerging infections and it is likely that the approach will differ depending on ... | 2006 | 17032433 |
| is the anti-sarcoma and anti-viral cytokine "plasma factor" a novel chicken y-box protein? | a line of research beginning in the early 1960s with the observation that west nile virus and, later, several strains of rabies virus could inhibit the development of the rous sarcoma virus-induced tumor in the wing-web of chicken (a "sarcoma-blockade") eventually culminated in the characterization of a 14-kda circulating anti-sarcoma and anti-viral activity christened "plasma factor" (pf) which, unlike the interferons, inhibited the replication of diverse rna-containing viruses, but not of any ... | 2006 | 17131907 |
| bat rabies in the north-northwestern regions of the state of são paulo, brazil: 1997-2002. | reports on bat rabies in brazil are sporadic and isolated. this study aimed at describing the detection of rabies virus in bats in the state of são paulo. | 2006 | 17173166 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2005. | during 2005, 49 states and puerto rico reported 6,417 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the cdc, representing a 6.2% decrease from the 6,836 cases in nonhuman animals and 8 cases in human beings reported in 2004. approximately 92% of the cases were in wildlife, and 8% were in domestic animals. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,534 raccoons (39.5%), 1,478 skunks (23%), 1,408 bats (21.9%), 376 foxes (5.9%), 269 cats (4.2%), 93 cat ... | 2006 | 17173527 |
| phylogenetic characterization of rabies virus isolates from chennai, india. | 2006 | 17177615 | |
| screening of upregulated genes in suckling mouse central nervous system during the disease stage of rabies virus infection. | the pathogenesis of hydrophobia remains unclear. the aim of this study was to identify the differentially upregulated genes that correlated with disease development in an experimental mouse model to provide better understanding of pathological mechanisms in rabies. the present work employed clontech mouse array 1.2 ii containing 1,176 gene transcripts. suckling mice were intracerebrally infected with canine rabies virus. the gene expression profiles on day 2, 4 and 6 post inoculation were follow ... | 2006 | 17179662 |
| sensitivity of rabies virus to type i interferon is determined by the phosphoprotein gene. | the growth of a virulent strain of fixed rabies virus, nishigahara, in mouse neuroblastoma na cells treated with type i interferon (ifn) was compared with that of a derivative avirulent strain, ni-ce. nishigahara strain was slightly sensitive to ifn treatment but still grew more efficiently than did ni-ce strain in ifn-treated na cells. furthermore, a virulent chimeric virus with the phosphoprotein gene from nishigahara strain in the ni-ce genome was less sensitive to ifn treatment than was ni-c ... | 2006 | 17179666 |
| public health awareness of emerging zoonotic viruses of bats: a european perspective. | bats classified in the order chiroptera are the most abundant and widely distributed non-human mammalian species in the world. several bat species are reservoir hosts of zoonotic viruses and therefore can be a public health hazard. lyssaviruses of different genotypes have emerged from bats in america (genotype 1 rabies virus; rabv), europe (european bat lyssavirus; eblv), and australia (australian bat lyssavirus; ablv), whereas nipah virus is the most important recent zoonosis of bat origin in a ... | 2006 | 17187565 |
| indirect flight of an african bat to israel: an example of the potential for zoonotic pathogens to move between continents. | the transmission of harmful pathogens during commercial air flights is an increasing health concern. a potential, yet relatively overlooked source of zoonotic infectious diseases involves collisions of birds and bats with aircraft and long distance transport of their carcasses. we report a case of aerial transportation of the remains of an african fruit bat over three continents, following a collision with an aircraft, and demonstrate the relative ease with which zoonotic pathogens, such as rabi ... | 2006 | 17187568 |
| post-exposure anti-rabies prophylaxis in lublin province (eastern poland) in 2004-2005. | rabies is considered a disease of the highest mortality rate and all humans are vulnerable to infection. specific anti-rabies immunoprophylaxis is the only efficient method of protection. the analysis of indications for active alone and active and passive immunization among patients reported to the dispensary of rabies prophylaxis in the department of infectious diseases of medical university of lublin (eastern poland) in 2004-2005 is presented. prophylactic procedures were applied in 120 person ... | 2006 | 17196010 |
| potential rabies exposure after a bat bite, denmark, june 2006. | 2006 | 17213543 | |
| [establishment of taqman pcr detection method for rabies virus]. | to establish a molecular diagnostic method for rabies virus(rv) based on taqman pcr. | 2006 | 17343185 |
| [progress on the study of biological characteristic of rabies virus]. | 2006 | 17343189 | |
| [analysis on the factors related to rabies epidemic in china, in 2005]. | to analyse the related epidemic factors of rabies and to provide basic evidence for developing rabies control and prevention programs in china. | 2006 | 17402197 |
| ecoepidemiological and social factors related to rabies incidence in venezuela during 2002-2004. | rabies in venezuela has been important in last years, affecting dogs, cats, and human, among other animals, being a reportable disease. in zulia state, it is considered a major public health concern. recently, a considerable increase in the incidence of rabies has been occurring, involving many epidemiological but also ecoepidemiological and social factors. these factors are analyzed in this report. during 2002-2004, 416 rabies cases were recorded. incidence has been increasingly significantly, ... | 2006 | 23674960 |
| therapy with minocycline aggravates experimental rabies in mice. | minocycline is a tetracycline derivative with antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties, and the drug has been shown to have beneficial effects in a variety of models of neurological disorders. the potentially neuroprotective role of minocycline was assessed in experimental in vitro and in vivo models of rabies virus infection. in this study, 5 nm minocycline did not improve the viability of embryonic mouse cortical and hippocampal neurons infected in vitro with the attenuated sad-d29 strai ... | 2007 | 17409147 |
| rabies-update on a global disease. | 2007 | 17414401 | |
| transvascular delivery of small interfering rna to the central nervous system. | a major impediment in the treatment of neurological diseases is the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which precludes the entry of therapeutic molecules from blood to brain. here we show that a short peptide derived from rabies virus glycoprotein (rvg) enables the transvascular delivery of small interfering rna (sirna) to the brain. this 29-amino-acid peptide specifically binds to the acetylcholine receptor expressed by neuronal cells. to enable sirna binding, a chimaeric peptide was synthesi ... | 2007 | 17572664 |
| culture of transgenic drosophila melanogaster schneider 2 cells in serum-free media based on tc100 basal medium. | requirements of eliminating animal proteins from cell culture have intensified in recent years, with the pressure of regulatory agencies related to biopharmaceuticals production. in this work, the substitution of fetal bovine serum by yeastolate and a soy hydrolysate (hy soy) for the culture of drosophila melanogaster schneider 2 cells transfected for the production of rabies virus g glycoprotein was evaluated. tc100 supplemented with glucose, glutamine, lipid emulsion and pluronic f68 was emplo ... | 2007 | 17582824 |
| feasibility and challenges in the development of immunocontraceptive vaccine based on zona pellucida glycoproteins. | the zona pellucida (zp) glycoproteins play a crucial role during fertilization and thus are considered as important target antigens for the development of immunocontraceptive vaccines aiming to inhibit fertility at a pre-fertilization stage. in order to evaluate the immunocontraceptive potential of zp glycoproteins, bonnet monkey (macaca radiata) zp2, zp3 and zp4 have been cloned and expressed using either e. coli or baculovirus expression systems. active immunization studies with the recombinan ... | 2007 | 17566293 |
| the 24-angstrom structure of respiratory syncytial virus nucleocapsid protein-rna decameric rings. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a nonsegmented, negative-sense rna-containing virus, is a common cause of lower respiratory tract disease. expression of rsv nucleocapsid protein (n) in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system leads to the formation of n-rna complexes that are morphologically indistinguishable from viral nucleocapsids. when imaged in an electron microscope, three distinct types of structures were observed: tightly wound short-pitch helices, highly extended helices, ... | 2007 | 17567697 |
| dynein light chain association sequences can facilitate nuclear protein import. | nuclear localization sequence (nls)-dependent nuclear protein import is not conventionally held to require interaction with microtubules (mts) or components of the mt motor, dynein. here we report for the first time the role of sequences conferring association with dynein light chains (dlcs) in nls-dependent nuclear accumulation of the rabies virus p-protein. we find that p-protein nuclear accumulation is significantly enhanced by its dynein light chain association sequence (dlc-as), dependent o ... | 2007 | 17567954 |
| rabies challenge of captive striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) following oral administration of a live vaccinia-vectored rabies vaccine. | twenty-four adult striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) were administered the raccoon product formulation of rabies vaccine, live vaccinia-vectored (raboral v-rg, merial limited, athens, georgia, usa), either by oral instillation or in vaccine-filled coated sachets either as single or multiple doses. a control group remained unvaccinated. twenty-three of the skunks were challenged 116 days postvaccination with rabies virus (skunk isolate). six of six naive skunks succumbed to challenge. four of six ... | 2007 | 17347402 |
| effects of aerosolized rabies virus exposure on bats and mice. | between 1956 and 1977, 4 human cases of rabies virus infection were attributed to aerosolized rabies virus; however, little work has been done to address this topic since the late 1960s. employing modern nebulization equipment coupled with serologic, cell culture, and molecular technology, we have continued the investigation into aerosolized rabies virus as a potential route of transmission. laboratory mice and 2 species of bats were exposed, through aerosol, to 3 variants of rabies virus. all b ... | 2007 | 17357050 |
| elimination of arctic variant rabies in red foxes, metropolitan toronto. | to control the arctic variant of rabies virus in red foxes, 332,257 bait doses containing live, attenuated evelyn-rokitnicki-abelseth rabies vaccine were distributed in greater metropolitan toronto during 1989-1999. human and pet contact with bait was minimal, and no adverse reactions to the vaccine were noted. significantly fewer rabid foxes were found during the 17 years after fox baiting (5 cases during 1990-2006) than in the 17 years before (96 cases during 1973-1989). the last report of a r ... | 2007 | 17370512 |
| emergence of arctic-like rabies lineage in india. | a collection of 37 rabies-infected samples, 10 human saliva and 27 animal brain, were recovered during 2001-2004 from the cities of bangalore and hyderabad in southern india and from kasauli, a mountainous region in himachal pradesh, northern india. phylogenetic analysis of partial n gene nucleotide sequences of these 37 specimens and 1 archival specimen identified 2 groups, divided according to their geographic (north or south) origins. comparison of selected indian viruses with representative ... | 2007 | 17370523 |
| assessing the safety of post-exposure rabies immunization in pregnancy. | fourteen pregnant women who received rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (pep) at the anti-rabies clinic (arc) of kempegowda institute of medical sciences (kims) were followed up for assessing the safety of modern rabies vaccines and equine rabies immunoglobulin (erig) in pregnancy. the women were in the age range of 18-28 years, mostly from urban area (64%) and exposed to suspect rabid dogs (86%). they had received purified vero cell rabies vaccine (verorab = 8 and abhayrab = 4), purified chick em ... | 2007 | 17375003 |
| virus neutralizing antibody response in mice and dogs with a bicistronic dna vaccine encoding rabies virus glycoprotein and canine parvovirus vp2. | a bicistronic dna vaccine against rabies and parvovirus infection of dogs was developed by subcloning rabies glycoprotein and canine parvovirus (cpv) vp2 genes into a bicistronic vector. after characterizing the expression of both the proteins in vitro, the bicistronic dna vaccine was injected in mice and induced immune response was compared with monocistronic dna vaccines. there was no significant difference in elisa and virus neutralizing (vn) antibody responses against rabies and cpv in mice ... | 2007 | 17391817 |
| modulation of hla-g and hla-e expression in human neuronal cells after rabies virus or herpes virus simplex type 1 infections. | human leukocyte antigen (hla)-g and e are nonclassical human mhc class i molecules. they may promote tolerance leading to virus and tumor immune escape. we recently described that the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), a neurotropic virus inducing chronic infection and neuron latency, and rabies virus (rabv), a neuronotropic virus triggering acute neuron infection, up-regulate hla-g expression in human neurons (nt2-n). surface expression was only detected after rabv infection. we investigated ... | 2007 | 17400066 |
| the evolutionary dynamics of canid and mongoose rabies virus in southern africa. | two variants of rabies virus (rabv) currently circulate in southern africa: canid rabv, mainly associated with dogs, jackals, and bat-eared foxes, and mongoose rabv. to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of these variants, we performed coalescent-based analyses of the g-l inter-genic region, allowing for rate variation among viral lineages through the use of a relaxed molecular clock. this revealed that mongoose rabv is evolving more slowly than canid rabv, with mean evolutionary rates of 0.8 ... | 2007 | 17401615 |
| generation and evaluation of a recombinant modified vaccinia virus ankara vaccine for rabies. | modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) has become a vaccine vector of choice for recombinant vaccine development. a mva-based rabies vaccine would be advantageous for use as a vaccine for dogs (and wildlife), particularly if it proves innocuous and efficacious by the oral route. here, the generation and immunological testing of a recombinant mva expressing a rabies virus glycoprotein gene is described. in a murine model, higher dosages of recombinant mva were needed to induce equivocal immune resp ... | 2007 | 17434244 |
| immunogenicity study of abbreviated rabies preexposure vaccination schedules. | to evaluate abbreviated preexposure rabies vaccination schedules that would reduce cost and shorten time required for completion. | 2007 | 17437473 |
| organ transplantations and rabies transmission. | 2007 | 17437474 | |
| the dynein light chain 8 binding motif of rabies virus phosphoprotein promotes efficient viral transcription. | recent studies indicate that the interaction between rabies virus (rv) phosphoprotein and the dynein light chain 8 (lc8) is essential for rv pathogenesis. through its association with the dynein motor complex, lc8 has been suggested as a molecular factor that links the viral ribonucleoprotein to the host cell transport system. recent structural investigations, however, dispute this model. to understand the role of lc8 in rv pathogenesis, we generated recombinant rvs with or without the lc8 bindi ... | 2007 | 17438267 |
| morphological and biochemical characterisation of sensory neurons infected in vitro with rabies virus. | this work was aimed at the morphological and biochemical characterisation of the most susceptible neuronal subpopulation to rabies virus (rabv) infection. adult mouse drg cultures were infected with rabv and double-processed for viral antigen detection and neuropeptides: calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), galanin (gal), substance p (sp), neuropeptide y (npy) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip). it was found that 56% of the neurons in culture were small (diameter < 20 microm) but, in spi ... | 2007 | 17440742 |
| topographic distribution of output neurons in cerebellar nuclei and cortex to somatotopic map of primary motor cortex. | to investigate the somatotopic organization of the cerebellum, we analysed multisynaptic inputs to the primary motor cortex (mi) using retrograde transneuronal transport of rabies virus. at 3 days after rabies injections into proximal forelimb, distal forelimb and hindlimb representations of the macaque mi, second-order neurons via the thalamus were labeled in the deep cerebellar nuclei, including the dentate (dn), anterior interpositus (ain) and posterior interpositus nuclei. in the dn, the lab ... | 2007 | 17445235 |
| problems in human rabies post-exposure prophylaxis management. | this is a prospective study of problems encountered with rabies-exposed patients in an animal bite clinic in a rabies endemic region. five hundred successive patients were analyzed. the study focused mainly on issues that are not well covered in current who and us-cdc rabies manuals. those dealing with immunoglobulin administration, managing severe and unusual injuries, logistic and financial issues headed the list. animal bite patients often present challenging problems, which are not or inadeq ... | 2007 | 17448947 |
| susceptibility of domestic dogs and cats to australian bat lyssavirus (ablv). | the susceptibility of cats and dogs to australian bat lyssavirus (ablv; genotype vii) was investigated by intramuscular (im) inoculation of 10(3.7)-10(5) 50% tissue culture infective doses (tcid(50)) of virus followed by observation of experimental animals for up to 3 months post-inoculation (pi). each experiment also included positive and negative controls, animals inoculated with a bat variant of rabies virus (eptesicus i, genotype i), or a 10% suspension of uninfected mouse brain, respectivel ... | 2007 | 17449202 |
| emerging epidemic dog rabies in coastal south africa: a molecular epidemiological analysis. | towards understanding the molecular epidemiology of a severe dog rabies epidemic in the kwazulu natal province of south africa, we analyzed a variable 592 nucleotide genome sequence domain of 170 rabies viruses from kwazulu natal and surrounding regions. viruses from the kwazulu natal and eastern cape provinces belonged to a unique lineage, circulating as two independent and expanding epidemiological cycles. the first presented as closely related dog cycles along the eastern coastal regions of t ... | 2007 | 17451828 |
| dominance of a nonpathogenic glycoprotein gene over a pathogenic glycoprotein gene in rabies virus. | the nonpathogenic phenotype of the live rabies virus (rv) vaccine spbngan is determined by an arg-->glu exchange at position 333 in the glycoprotein, designated gan. we recently showed that after several passages of spbngan in mice, an asn-->lys mutation arose at position 194 of gan, resulting in gak, which was associated with a reversion to the pathogenic phenotype. because an rv vaccine candidate containing two gan genes (spbngan-gan) exhibits increased immunogenicity in vivo compared to the s ... | 2007 | 17459937 |
| risk of rabies infection and adverse effects of postexposure prophylaxis in healthcare workers and other patient contacts exposed to a rabies virus-infected lung transplant recipient. | rabies virus was inadvertently transmitted to a lung transplant recipient through donor lungs. the patient was given ventilatory assistance and cared for postoperatively for 6 weeks before a diagnosis of rabies virus infection was made. postexposure prophylaxis (pep) was offered to potentially exposed healthcare workers (hcws). | 2007 | 17464908 |
| a high-resolution genetic signature of demographic and spatial expansion in epizootic rabies virus. | emerging pathogens potentially undergo rapid evolution while expanding in population size and geographic range during the course of invasion, yet it is generally difficult to demonstrate how these processes interact. our analysis of a 30-yr data set covering a large-scale rabies virus outbreak among north american raccoons reveals the long lasting effect of the initial infection wave in determining how viral populations are genetically structured in space. we further find that coalescent-based e ... | 2007 | 17470818 |
| a cure for a rabies? | 2007 | 17479635 | |
| [expression of human anti-rabies scds-fv fusion protein in e.coli]. | to express the anti-rabies mbp-scdsfv fusion protein in e.coli and identify it's activity assay. | 2007 | 17488607 |
| [lyssaviruses related to rabies virus]. | 2007 | 17491383 | |
| rabies in bats from alabama. | data on rabies virus infection in bats that were submitted to the alabama department of public health from 1995-2005 were analyzed. demographic factors, such as species and sex, and temporal aspects, such as yearly and monthly trends, were investigated. thirteen species of bats were submitted, and of those, individuals from seven species were rabid; prevalence was highest in lasiurus borealis and pipistrellus subflavus and lowest in eptesicus fuscus and nycticeius humeralis. there was no differe ... | 2007 | 17495316 |
| rabies in vaccinated raccoons from ontario, canada. | from 1999 to 2006, 132 cases of raccoon rabies, caused by the raccoon variant of rabies virus, were confirmed in eastern ontario, canada. trap-vaccinate-release (tvr) and point infection control (pic) programs were implemented to control the disease; 43,014 raccoons (procyon lotor) were vaccinated against rabies by injection (imrab3) during that period. two vaccinated raccoons were diagnosed with rabies at 6 mo and at 2 wk postvaccination. one may have been due to a vaccination failure. the othe ... | 2007 | 17495317 |
| proteomic profiling reveals that rabies virus infection results in differential expression of host proteins involved in ion homeostasis and synaptic physiology in the central nervous system. | to understand how rabies virus (rv) infection results in neuronal dysfunction, the authors employed proteomics technology to profile host responses to rv infection. in mice infected with wild-type (wt) rv, the expression of proteins involved in ion homeostasis was altered. h(+) atpase and na(+)/k(+) atpase were up-regulated whereas ca(2+) atpase was down-regulated, which resulted in reduction of the intracellular na(+) and ca(2+) concentrations. furthermore, infection with wt rv resulted in down ... | 2007 | 17505979 |
| lethal silver-haired bat rabies virus infection can be prevented by opening the blood-brain barrier. | silver-haired bat rabies virus (shbrv) infection induces a strong virus-specific immune response in the periphery of the host, but death is common due to the failure to open the blood-brain barrier (bbb) and deliver immune effectors to central nervous system (cns) tissues. mice with an sjl background are less susceptible to lethal infection with rabies viruses. in addition, these animals are known to have reduced hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis activity and an elevated capacity to medi ... | 2007 | 17507463 |
| a peroxynitrite-dependent pathway is responsible for blood-brain barrier permeability changes during a central nervous system inflammatory response: tnf-alpha is neither necessary nor sufficient. | elevated blood-brain barrier (bbb) permeability is associated with both the protective and pathological invasion of immune and inflammatory cells into cns tissues. although a variety of processes have been implicated in the changes at the bbb that result in the loss of integrity, there has been no consensus as to their induction. tnf-alpha has often been proposed to be responsible for increased bbb permeability but there is accumulating evidence that peroxynitrite (onoo(-))-dependent radicals ma ... | 2007 | 17513784 |
| [rabies virus in naturally infected bats in the state of são paulo, southeastern brazil]. | to identify the species of bats involved in maintaining the rabies cycle; to investigate the distribution of the rabies virus in the tissues and organs of bats and the time taken for mortality among inoculated mice. | 2007 | 17515992 |
| [anti-rabies immunoglobulin preparation based on f(ab')2 fragments]. | technology of manufacturing of new anti-rabies immunoglobulin preparation based on f(ab')2 fragments has been developed. this preparation is characterized by low reactogenicity, increased virus-neutralizing activity and stability. | 2007 | 17523436 |
| molecular epidemiology of rabies in bat-eared foxes (otocyon megalotis) in south africa. | a panel of 124 rabies viruses from wildlife host species (principally the bat-eared fox, otocyon megalotis) and domestic carnivore species were collected between 1980 and 2005 from a region of south africa associated with endemic bat-eared fox rabies. we have studied the molecular epidemiology of bat-eared fox rabies by virtue of nucleotide sequence analyses of pcr amplicons specific to the variable g-l intergenic region as well as the conserved nucleoprotein gene of each of the rabies viruses i ... | 2007 | 17537536 |
| real-time pcr analysis of dog cerebrospinal fluid and saliva samples for ante-mortem diagnosis of rabies. | the use of a 10-day observation to determine whether a dog is rabid is standard practice. this study was conducted in order to look for evidence of rabies vius in saliva and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of suspected live rabid dogs at the time of quarantine by using a sybr green real-time rt-pcr based assay for the detection of rabies virus rna. saliva and csf of dogs were collected once on the day of admission for the 10-day quarantine. all test dogs were or became ill and died of rabies within th ... | 2007 | 17539246 |
| genetic heterogeneity of russian, estonian and finnish field rabies viruses. | thirty-five field rabies virus strains were collected in recent years in different regions of the russian federation in order to characterize their genetic heterogeneity and to study their molecular epidemiology. in addition to the russian viruses, seven archive samples from estonia and finland and two russian vaccine strains were also included in the study. the viruses collected were subjected to two different reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction tests, the amplicons were sequenced a ... | 2007 | 17558542 |
| multicenter comparative study of a new elisa, platelia rabies ii, for the detection and titration of anti-rabies glycoprotein antibodies and comparison with the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (rffit) on human samples from vaccinated and non-vaccinated people. | the envelope glycoprotein g of rabies virus induces the production of neutralising antibodies, which are important in protection against rabies. therefore, titration of anti-envelope glycoprotein antibodies is a good indicator of the degree of immunity in people during anti-rabies treatment or after vaccination. according to the world health organization (who) guidelines, a booster vaccine dose should be given if the rabies antibody titre falls below 0.5 iu/ml. titration of anti-rabies antibodie ... | 2007 | 17224214 |
| the safety and efficacy of the oral rabies vaccine sag2 in indian stray dogs. | india is one of the countries with the highest prevalence of human rabies throughout the world. dogs are primarily responsible for rabies transmission. among them, stray dogs play a major role in that country. parenteral vaccination programmes are insufficient to eliminate rabies partly due to difficulties in establishing satisfactory immunisation coverage in the dog population in view of the high proportion of stray dogs. oral vaccination may be a useful adjunct to parenteral vaccination by inc ... | 2007 | 17224221 |
| rabies virus glycoprotein expression in drosophila s2 cells. i. functional recombinant protein in stable co-transfected cell line. | recombinant rabies virus glycoprotein (rrvgp) was expressed in drosophila melanogaster schneider 2 (s2) cells. the cdna encoding the entire rvgp gene was cloned in an expression plasmid under the control of the constitutive actin promoter (ac), which was co-transfected into s2 cells together with a hygromycin selection plasmid. selected s2 cell populations (s2acrvgp) had a decreased ability to grow and consume substrates, when compared to the non-transfected cells (s2). they were shown, by pcr, ... | 2007 | 17225257 |
| identification and characterization of a human monoclonal antibody that potently neutralizes a broad panel of rabies virus isolates. | rabies is a zoonosis that results in millions of human exposures worldwide each year. human monoclonal antibodies (humabs) that neutralize rabies virus may represent one viable strategy for post-exposure prophylaxis in humans, and have many advantages over current human or equine rabies immune globulin. transgenic mice carrying human immunoglobulin genes were used to isolate human monoclonal antibodies that neutralized rabies virus. several humabs were identified that neutralized rabies virus va ... | 2007 | 17240489 |
| duration of immunity: an anamnestic response 14 years after rabies vaccination with purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine. | 2007 | 17241256 | |
| response of feral cats to vaccination at the time of neutering. | to determine whether administration of inactivated virus or modified-live virus (mlv) vaccines to feral cats at the time of neutering induces protective serum antiviral antibody titers. | 2007 | 17199493 |
| role of gpi-anchored ncam-120 in rabies virus infection. | although the neural cell adhesion molecule (ncam) -140 and -180 have been shown to serve as a receptor for rabies virus (rv), it was not known whether the other major isoform of ncam, gpi-anchored ncam-120 functions as rv receptor. in this study, we have established hep-2 cells stably expressing ncam-120 or ncam-140, and their susceptibilities to rv infection were compared. the results demonstrated that ncam-120 served as virus attachment protein; however, the cells expressing ncam-120 did not s ... | 2007 | 17208489 |
| retrograde neuronal tracing with a deletion-mutant rabies virus. | we have constructed a deletion-mutant rabies virus encoding egfp and find it to be an excellent tool for studying detailed morphology and physiology of neurons projecting to injection sites within the mammalian brain. the virus cannot spread beyond initially infected cells yet, unlike other viral vectors, replicates its core within them. the cells therefore fluoresce intensely, revealing fine dendritic and axonal structure with no background from partially or faintly labeled cells. | 2007 | 17179932 |
| integrative models of bat rabies immunology, epizootiology and disease demography. | bats are natural reservoirs of rabies. we address the maintenance of the disease in bat colonies by developing individual and population models that generate indicators of risk of rabies to bats, that provide dynamic estimates of effects of rabies on population densities, and that suggest consequences of viral exposures and infections in bats relative to physiological and ecological characteristics of bats in different habitats. we present individual models (within host) for the immune responses ... | 2007 | 17184793 |
| prevalence of rabies virus infection and rabies antibody in stray dogs: a survey in bangkok, thailand. | to investigate the rabies antigen and antibody prevalences among stray dogs in bangkok, thailand, we took both a saliva and serum sample from each of 3314 stray dogs captured once each between december 2003 and june 2004. one 2-year-old female was antigen positive in the latex-agglutination test and confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. the overall antibody seroprevalence from the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that we used was 62% (95% ci: 54, 70%). antibody seropreva ... | 2007 | 17141896 |
| a microcarrier cell culture process for propagating rabies virus in vero cells grown in a stirred bioreactor under fully animal component free conditions. | rabies virus strain production in vero cells grown on cytodex 1 in a 2 l stirred tank bioreactor and in a medium free of components of human or animal origin (vp-sfm) is described. cell banking procedure in vp-sfm supplemented with an animal components free mixture (10%dmso+0.1%methylcellulose) was reported and cell growth after revitalization was assessed. vero cells exhibited growth performances (specific growth rate and cell division number) similar to that obtained in serum containing medium ... | 2007 | 17307281 |
| use of filter paper (fta) technology for sampling, recovery and molecular characterisation of rabies viruses. | this study evaluates the feasibility of the use of the fta gene guard system (a commercial product consisting of filter paper impregnated with patented chemicals supplied by the whatman company) for the shipment, storage and detection of rna rabies viruses by a simplified hemi-nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. hnrt-pcr of the rabies virus nucleoprotein gene with specific primers showed that viral rna extracted from crude infected tissues remained stable after fixation on th ... | 2007 | 17157394 |
| a quantitative indirect elisa to monitor the effectiveness of rabies vaccination in domestic and wild carnivores. | this paper reports a new elisa to measure the level of rabies anti-glycoprotein g antibodies after vaccination. the platelia rabies ii kit was evaluated on different populations of dogs, cats and foxes. for each target species, sera from naive, unvaccinated and vaccinated animals were tested. platelia rabies ii results were compared to the reference fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation test (for dogs and cats) and to a published in house elisa test (for foxes). the platelia rabies ii test w ... | 2007 | 17166510 |
| detection of rabies virus genes by in-situ polymerase chain reaction. | rabies is diagnosed by fat in the impression smears of brain tissues. in this study, an attempt was made to diagnose rabies using in situ polymerase chain reaction (ispcr). a digoxigenin-labelled double-stranded probe specific for a portion of the 'n' gene of rabies virus was used. positive signals were identified as blue dots in the intraneuronal and neuropil areas. | 2007 | 17260182 |
| gene transfer in human skin with different pseudotyped hiv-based vectors. | pseudotyping lentiviral vector with other viral surface proteins could be applied for treating genetic anomalies in human skin. in this study, the modification of hiv vector tropism by pseudotyping with the envelope glycoprotein from vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), the zaire ebola (eboz) virus, murine leukemia virus (mulv), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), rabies or the rabies-related mokola virus encoding lacz as a reporter gene was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively in huma ... | 2007 | 17268532 |
| a simple sandwich elisa (welyssa) for the detection of lyssavirus nucleocapsid in rabies suspected specimens using mouse monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibody (mab)-based capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) were developed for the diagnosis of rabies-suspect specimens. a combination of four mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against the rabies virus nucleocapsid was selected and used for the detection. the test was optimized and standardized so that maximum concordance could be maintained with the standard procedures of rabies diagnosis recommended by the who expert committee. using prototype viruses from the differ ... | 2007 | 17276082 |
| the nucleocytoplasmic rabies virus p protein counteracts interferon signaling by inhibiting both nuclear accumulation and dna binding of stat1. | rabies virus p protein inhibits alpha interferon (ifn-alpha)- and ifn-gamma-stimulated jak-stat signaling by retaining phosphorylated stat1 in the cytoplasm. here, we show that p also blocks an intranuclear step that is the stat1 binding to the dna promoter of ifn-responsive genes. as p is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein, we first investigated the effect of the cellular distribution of p on the localization of stat1 and consequently on ifn signaling. we show that the localization of stat1 ... | 2007 | 17287281 |
| rabies virus matrix protein interplay with eif3, new insights into rabies virus pathogenesis. | viral proteins are frequently multifunctional to accommodate the high density of information encoded in viral genomes. matrix (m) protein of negative-stranded rna viruses such as rhabdoviridae is one such example. its primary function is virus assembly/budding but it is also involved in the switch from viral transcription to replication and the concomitant down regulation of host gene expression. in this study we undertook a search for potential rabies virus (rv) m protein's cellular partners. i ... | 2007 | 17287294 |
| monosynaptic restriction of transsynaptic tracing from single, genetically targeted neurons. | there has never been a wholesale way of identifying neurons that are monosynaptically connected either to some other cell group or, especially, to a single cell. the best available tools, transsynaptic tracers, are unable to distinguish weak direct connections from strong indirect ones. furthermore, no tracer has proven potent enough to label any connected neurons whatsoever when starting from a single cell. here we present a transsynaptic tracer that crosses only one synaptic step, unambiguousl ... | 2007 | 17329205 |
| highly attenuated rabies virus-based vaccine vectors expressing simian-human immunodeficiency virus89.6p env and simian immunodeficiency virusmac239 gag are safe in rhesus macaques and protect from an aids-like disease. | we analyzed the safety and immunogenicity of attenuated rabies virus vectors expressing simian-human immunodeficiency virus (shiv)-1(89.6p) env or simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)(mac239) gag in rhesus macaques. four test macaques were immunized with both vaccine constructs, and 2 control macaques received an empty rabies vector. seroconversion against rabies virus glycoprotein (g) and shiv(89.6p) env was detected after the initial immunization, but no cellular responses against shiv antigens ... | 2007 | 17330788 |
| rabies in an israeli zoological garden. | 2007 | 17337608 | |
| identification of novel canine rabies virus clades in the middle east and north africa. | four novel phylogenetic clades of canine rabies virus (rabv) variants have been identified in the middle east and north africa. the three novel middle eastern clades comprise rabv isolates from the borders between israel and neighbouring countries. the north african clade (africa 4) comprises four rabv isolates from egypt and one from israel. we characterized various rabv lineages antigenically by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to the nucleoprotein (n) and phylogenetically by analysis of ... | 2007 | 17325371 |
| a human monoclonal antibody cocktail as a novel component of rabies postexposure prophylaxis. | the currently recommended treatment for individuals exposed to rabies virus is the combined administration of rabies vaccine and rabies immune globulin (rig). this review sets out the criteria used to guide development of a cocktail of human monoclonal antibodies as a replacement for rig. using this process as a model, the general requirements for development of safe and efficacious monoclonal antibody alternatives to currently used polyclonal serum products are discussed. | 2007 | 16886905 |
| involvement of nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein, and matrix protein genes of rabies virus in virulence for adult mice. | rabies virus ni-ce strain causes nonlethal infection in adult mice after intracerebral inoculation, whereas the parental nishigahara strain kills mice. in this study, to identify viral gene(s) related to the difference in pathogenicity between ni-ce and nishigahara strains, we generated chimeric viruses with respective genes of the virulent nishigahara strain in the background of the avirulent ni-ce genome. since chimeric viruses, which had the n, p, or m genes of the nishigahara strain, respect ... | 2007 | 17010466 |
| isolation and crystallization of a unique size category of recombinant rabies virus nucleoprotein-rna rings. | in order to study the packaging of rabies virus rna inside the viral nucleocapsid, rabies nucleoprotein was expressed in insect cells. in the cells, it binds to cellular rna to form long, helical or short circular complexes, depending on the length of the bound rna. the circular complexes contained from 9 up to 13 n-protomers per ring. separation of the rings into defined size classes was impossible through regular column chromatographies or gradient centrifugation. the size classes could be sep ... | 2007 | 17126031 |
| a molecular epidemiological study targeting the glycoprotein gene of rabies virus isolates from china. | a group of 31 rabies viruses (rabvs), recovered primarily from dogs, one deer and one human case, were collected from various areas in china between 1989 and 2006. complete g gene sequences determined for these isolates indicated identities of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of >or=87% and 93.8%, respectively. phylogenetic analysis of these and some additional chinese isolates clearly supported the placement of all chinese viruses in lyssavirus genotype 1 and divided all chinese isolates bet ... | 2007 | 17129631 |
| evidence for trans-border movement of rabies by wildlife reservoirs between countries in the balkan peninsular. | rabies remains endemic in a number of reservoir species throughout southeast europe. to investigate the relationship between rabies viruses within this region we have compared rabies virus nucleoprotein sequence data from a diverse panel of rabies samples from bulgaria with available data from countries in the balkan peninsula. this analysis provides a first description of rabies isolates in bulgaria and suggests that there is evidence for wildlife-mediated movement of rabies with countries to t ... | 2007 | 17129686 |
| failure to open the blood-brain barrier and deliver immune effectors to central nervous system tissues leads to the lethal outcome of silver-haired bat rabies virus infection. | rabies is a lethal disease caused by neurotropic viruses that are endemic in nature. when exposure to a potentially rabid animal is recognized, prompt administration of virus-neutralizing antibodies, together with active immunization, can prevent development of the disease. however, once the nonspecific clinical symptoms of rabies appear conventional postexposure treatment is unsuccessful. over the last decade, rabies viruses associated with the silver-haired bat (shbrv) have emerged as the lead ... | 2007 | 17108029 |
| elisa assays for rabies antibodies? | 2007 | 17972383 | |
| lack of association between ectoparasite intensities and rabies virus neutralizing antibody seroprevalence in wild big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus), fort collins, colorado. | recently, bat ectoparasites have been demonstrated to harbor pathogens of potential importance to humans. we evaluated antirabies antibody seroprevalence and the presence of ectoparasites in big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus) sampled in 2002 and 2003 in colorado to investigate if an association existed between ectoparasite intensity and exposure to rabies virus (rv). we used logistic regression and akaike's information criteria adjusted for sample size (aicc) in a post-hoc analysis to investigate ... | 2007 | 17979542 |
| a comparative study on the immunogenicity, safety and tolerance of purified duck embryo vaccine (pdev) manufactured in india (vaxirab) and switzerland (lyssavac-n): a randomized simulated post-exposure study in healthy volunteers. | purified duck embryo vaccine (pdev, vaxirab) for rabies prophylaxis is now indigenously manufactured in india under technology transfer from berna biotech who made the original pdev (lyssavac). in the present study we have compared the two vaccines in terms of safety, immunogenicity and tolerance. the study was conducted in 220 adult healthy volunteers. it was observed that both vaccines produced neutralizing antibody titers (as determined by rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test, rffit) more ... | 2007 | 17981377 |
| immunogenicity and safety of a new vero cell rabies vaccine produced using serum-free medium. | the immunogenicity and safety of a new human rabies vaccine, produced in vero cells by a process that does not require supplementation with human or animal derived components in production, were assessed. thus, the objective is to produce a safer vaccine at a lower cost. a total of 296 volunteers was divided into two groups: group 1, which received the study vaccine, and group 2, which received the vero cells vaccine produced by sanofi pasteur. five doses were given on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28. b ... | 2007 | 18029066 |