Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| condom use and the prevention of genital herpes acquisition. | genital herpes establishes a lifelong infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality. in contrast to other sexually transmitted infections (stis), herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) may be transmitted to sexual partners many years after initial infection and at times when the source partner may be asymptomatic. consequently, hsv-2 has become one of the most common stis worldwide. current therapies suppress but do not eradicate infection. while many studies have examined the degre ... | 2002 | 11916494 |
| case study: type-specific hsv serology and the correct diagnosis of first-episode genital herpes during pregnancy. | it is now known that the physical presentation of genital herpes simplex (hsv) infection can be misleading in making the diagnosis of genital herpes. an incorrect diagnosis can be particularly damaging in pregnancy where it may result in extended exposure of the fetus to antiviral agents, an inappropriate route and timing of delivery and a significant increase in fetal exposure to hsv during labour and delivery. case 1 describes a 32-year-old woman at 30 weeks in her first pregnancy who had the ... | 2002 | 11916497 |
| hiv-1 epidemic among female bar and hotel workers in northern tanzania: risk factors and opportunities for prevention. | we conducted this study to determine the prevalence and risk factors for hiv-1 infection among women (n = 312) who were working in the bars and hotels in moshi, a town in northern tanzania. study subjects were interviewed to obtain information about hiv-1 risk factors and examined to collect samples for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases (stds). the prevalence of hiv-1 was 26.3% (95% confidence interval [ci], 21.4%-31.2%). in multivariate analyses, the risk of hiv-1 increased with in ... | 2002 | 11917247 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in young, low-income women: the role of sexually transmitted infection as a potential cofactor for hcv infection. | we evaluated risk for hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in women residing in low-income neighborhoods of northern california. | 2002 | 11919070 |
| correlates of prevalent and incident kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection in men who have sex with men. | infection with kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is common among men who have sex with men (msm). to determine correlates of infection, 578 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-negative msm were assessed by serologic assays, questionnaires, and physical examinations. at baseline, 76 (16%) of 474 participants were kshv seropositive. prevalent kshv infection was significantly associated with hepatitis a (odds ratio [or], 3.3; 95% confidence interval [ci], 1.5-7.5), hepatitis b seroposit ... | 2002 | 11920325 |
| herpes simplex virus isolates with reduced adefovir susceptibility selected in vivo by foscarnet therapy. | sequential herpes simplex virus (hsv) isolates from aids patients receiving foscarnet therapy were evaluated for susceptibility to adefovir. foscarnet-resistant isolates with dna polymerase mutations in regions ii, vi, and between i and vii were also associated with an important decrease in susceptibility to adefovir (mean ic50 increase: 4.6-fold compared to pre-foscarnet or wild-type isolates) suggesting that adefovir-resistant hsv could be selected in vivo by foscarnet therapy. | 2002 | 11920821 |
| improving real-time pcr genotyping assays by asymmetric amplification. | 2002 | 11923402 | |
| the effects of stress on memory cytotoxic t lymphocyte-mediated protection against herpes simplex virus infection at mucosal sites. | psychological stress has been shown to affect many components of the innate and adaptive immune responses to a variety of pathogens including herpes simplex virus (hsv). mucosal tissues are clinically relevant sites of infection with hsv as well as with many other common pathogens. however, there is a scarcity of experimental evidence that stress affects mucosal immunity. we have taken advantage of a murine model of hsv-specific immune protection that is mediated by only memory cytotoxic t lymph ... | 2002 | 11908921 |
| atypical brainstem encephalitis caused by herpes simplex virus 2. | herpes simplex encephalitis is one of the most common and serious sporadic encephalitides of immunocompetent adults. herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) infections of the central nervous system usually manifest as subacute encephalitis, recurrent meningitis, myelitis, and forms resembling psychiatric syndromes. | 2002 | 11890853 |
| sodium lauryl sulfate, a microbicide effective against enveloped and nonenveloped viruses. | the number of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and other pathogens causing sexually transmitted diseases (stds) is growing dramatically worldwide. globally, heterosexual transmission may account for as much as 85-90% of new cases of hiv infection. latex condoms represent an effective barrier against sexually transmitted pathogens, but unfortunately, their use is not generalized. therefore, there is an urgent need to develop safe and potent topical microbicides under t ... | 2002 | 11899262 |
| alphaherpesvirus antigen quantitation to optimize the diagnosis of herpes b virus infection. | standardized, quantified virus antigen stocks are essential for dependable quality control of diagnostic assays. five simple, rapid and economical direct enzyme linked immunoassays (delisa) were developed to standardize and optimize antigen from five major cross-reacting alphaherpesviruses: herpes b virus, herpesvirus papio 2, langur monkey herpesvirus, herpes simplex virus-1 and herpes simplex virus-2. each delisa relied on pools of convalescent sera from rhesus monkeys, baboons, langurs and hu ... | 2002 | 11906729 |
| efficacy and safety of a new vaginal contraceptive antimicrobial formulation containing high molecular weight poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). | host cell infection by sexually transmitted disease (std)-causing microbes and fertilization by spermatozoa may have some mechanisms in common. if so, certain noncytotoxic agents could inhibit the functional activity of both organisms. high molecular mass poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (t-pss) may be one of these compounds. t-pss alone (1 mg/ml) or in a gel (2% or 5% t-pss) completely prevented conception in the rabbit. contraception was not due to sperm cytotoxicity or to an effect on sperm mi ... | 2002 | 11906905 |
| tumor regression induced by intratumor therapy with a disabled infectious single cycle (disc) herpes simplex virus (hsv) vector, disc/hsv/murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, correlates with antigen-specific adaptive immunity. | direct intratumor injection of a disabled infectious single cycle hsv-2 virus encoding the murine gm-csf gene (disc/mgm-csf) into established murine colon carcinoma ct26 tumors induced a significant delay in tumor growth and complete tumor regression in up to 70% of animals. pre-existing immunity to hsv did not reduce the therapeutic efficacy of disc/mgm-csf, and, when administered in combination with syngeneic dendritic cells, further decreased tumor growth and increased the incidence of comple ... | 2002 | 11907113 |
| immunomodulation as a treatment strategy for genital herpes: review of the evidence. | in this review, we discuss the ongoing development of a new treatment option for genital herpes (gh), the disease caused by herpes simplex virus (hsv) types i and ii. following infection, the virus establishes a latent infection in peripheral neurons, which periodically activates to cause recurrent skin lesions or asymptomatic shedding in the anogenital area. a new class of drugs, the immune response modifiers (irms), modulates the immune system against viral infection. this approach is currentl ... | 2002 | 11962724 |
| studies on the constituents of seeds of pachyrrhizus erosus and their anti herpes simplex virus (hsv) activities. | studies on the chemical constituents of the seeds of pachyrrhizus erosus (leguminosae) resulted in the isolation of nine known components: five rotenoids [dolineone (3), pachyrrhizone (5), 12a-hydroxydolineone (7), 12a-hydroxypachyrrhizone (9), and 12a-hydroxyrotenone (2)], two isoflavonoids [neotenone (4) and dehydroneotenone (8)], one phenylfuranocoumarin [pachyrrhizine (6)], and a monosaccharide (dulcitol). the full 1h- and 13c-nmr assignments for the isolated products except a sugar, includi ... | 2002 | 11964004 |
| new treatments for genital herpes. | genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease that has been widely investigated from both an epidemiological and a diagnostic viewpoint. better knowledge of the disease has pointed to the important role of asymptomatic herpes simplex virus type 2 shedding as a major culprit for the spread of the virus in the world, the latest statistics showing that the incidence of genital herpes is constantly increasing. the reference compound for the treatment and prophylaxis of genital herpes is acyclovir ... | 2002 | 11964906 |
| valacyclovir prophylaxis for herpes simplex virus infection or infection recurrence following laser skin resurfacing. | the co2 laser for cutaneous resurfacing has been associated with the reactivation of herpes simplex virus (hsv), causing delayed reepithelialization and scarring. antiviral agents appear to be effective in reducing reactivation, however, the optimal therapeutic regimen has yet to be clearly defined. | 2002 | 11966791 |
| herpesvirus infections of the central nervous system. | in recent years, advances in the diagnosis and treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis (hse) have been achieved due to the prevalence of antiviral drugs and the introduction of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to test the cerebrospinal fluid. the several clinical forms of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infections of the central nervous system (cns), including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and brainstem encephalitis, have been clarified. however, fatal, prolonged, or relapsed case ... | 2002 | 11971155 |
| association of herpes simplex virus type 2 with the human immunodeficiency virus among urban women in zimbabwe. | a cross-sectional study at two urban primary health care clinics in zimbabwe was conducted among 393 consecutive women. the purpose was to determine the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), to identify coinfections and to determine the association between hsv-2, hiv and other sexually transmitted infections (stis). sera were tested for hsv-2, hiv and syphilis. genital specimens were tested for the other stis. the seroprevalence of ulcerative stis tested was 42.2% for hsv-2 and ... | 2002 | 11972939 |
| crystallization and preliminary diffraction studies of the ectodomain of the envelope glycoprotein d from herpes simplex virus 1 alone and in complex with the ectodomain of the human receptor hvea. | gycoprotein d (gd) is a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of several human and animal alpha herpes viruses. binding of gd to cell-surface receptors has been shown to be necessary for herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) cell entry. the gd ectodomain consists of 316 residues and has no sequence homology to any other proteins of known structure. two fragments of the hsv-1 gd ectodomain (gd(22-260): residues 22-260 and gd(285): residues 1-285) have been crystallized in two crystal for ... | 2002 | 11976496 |
| herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, human sperm and assisted fertilization. | the effect of viral particles on the motility of human sperm and the relationship between sperm and virus are of importance particularly in assisted fertilization. | 2002 | 11980752 |
| utility of a multiplex pcr assay for detecting herpesvirus dna in clinical samples. | a multiplex pcr was designed to amplify herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, and varicella-zoster virus dna present in a diverse range of clinical material. the susceptibility of these viruses to in vivo inhibition by at least one antiviral drug was an important consideration in their inclusion in the multiplex detection system. an aliquot of equine herpesvirus was introduced into each specimen prior to extraction and served as an indicator of potential inhibitors of the pcr and ... | 2002 | 11980951 |
| recovery of an unusual fusogenic herpes simplex virus type 2 strain from a clinical specimen. | a highly unusual herpes simplex virus type 2 strain, strain burr, was isolated from a female genital tract clinical specimen. this virus induced remarkably rapid and extensive syncytium formation in vero cells involving hundreds of cells but was less fusion active in hep-2 cells, mrc-5 cells, and mink lung cells. virus-infected cells produced the glycoproteins gb, gc, gd and ge. | 2002 | 11980965 |
| cutaneous hsv-2 infection with serial recurrences at multiple sites. | 2002 | 11982649 | |
| epidemic lymphogranuloma venereum during epidemics of crack cocaine use and hiv infection in the bahamas. | since the early 1980s, the bahamas has experienced sequential epidemics of freebase/crack cocaine use, genital ulcer-inguinal adenopathy disease (gud), and heterosexual hiv infection. | 2002 | 11984440 |
| in vitro reactivation of hiv-1 by stimulation with herpes simplex virus infection. | 2002 | 11984449 | |
| herpes simplex virus type 2-specific cd8 cytotoxic t lymphocyte cross-reactivity against prevalent hla class i alleles. | clonally expressed t-cell receptor alphabeta heterodimers are able to bind many different major histocompatibility complex/peptide combinations. this promiscuity is thought to be required for adequate surveillance against microbial and malignancy-associated antigens. after transplantation, t cells may react with nonself structures, contributing to graft-versus-host disease, in the case of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or graft failure, when the host immune system is preserved. we desc ... | 2002 | 11986245 |
| one-step pcr to distinguish b virus from related primate alphaherpesviruses. | by adding betaine to the pcr mixture, we previously established a pcr method to amplify a dna segment of the glycoprotein g gene of b virus (bv) derived from a rhesus macaque. we have found that dna of other bv strains derived from cynomolgus, pigtail, and lion-tailed macaques can also serve as the template in our pcr assay. under the same conditions no product was obtained with dna of simian agent 8 of green monkeys and herpesvirus papio 2 of baboons, or the human herpes simplex viruses types 1 ... | 2002 | 11986284 |
| genital herpes: a hidden epidemic. | 2002 | 11989464 | |
| getting tested for herpes. | 2002 | 11989473 | |
| genital herpes simplex virus infection in the adolescent: special considerations for management. | genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections are increasingly common among adolescents. in developed countries, during the 1990s, adolescent hsv type 2 seroprevalence rates ranged from 4 to 30% depending on the population studied. the clinical diagnosis of genital herpes may be unreliable and laboratory testing is recommended. aciclovir, valaciclovir, and famciclovir are three antiviral drugs that have proven efficacy in the treatment of genital herpes. these drugs can be used in the treatment ... | 2002 | 11994034 |
| seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and type 2 in the frankfurt am main area, germany. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 are widespread human infectious agents that are responsible for persistent and latent infections. hsv type 2 (hsv-2) infection is usually transmitted sexually, while hsv type i (hsv-1) is commonly acquired by saliva contact during childhood. in a retrospective study, sera from more than 4,800 patients were analyzed for hsv type-specific igg antibodies. in people older than 15 years, the seroprevalence of hsv-1 showed no statistically significant discrepan ... | 2002 | 12005327 |
| determination of acyclovir in maternal plasma, amniotic fluid, fetal and placental tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography. | acyclovir [9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)-methyl]-guanosine, zovirax, acv] is a synthetic purine nucleoside analog active against herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1), 2 (hsv-2), and varicella zoster virus. acyclovir has frequently been used in hsv-2 seropositive mothers to prevent prenatal transmission of herpes virus to their unborn children. a fast and reproducible hplc method for the determination of the highly polar acyclvoir in maternal rat plasma, amniotic fluid, placental tissue, and fetal tissue ... | 2002 | 12007778 |
| detection and species identification of four human herpesviruses using polymerase chain reaction coupled with restriction endonuclease analysis. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based assay for detection and species identification of four human herpesviruses, including herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, epstein-barr virus, and cytomegalovirus was developed. the detection of the herpesviruses was achieved by seminested pcr with three primers targeting well-conserved regions within the dna-polymerase gene. virus species were identified by simple restriction enzyme digestion of the amplified products with taqi or rsai. in comparison with ... | 2002 | 12008006 |
| kinetic analysis of glycoprotein c of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 binding to heparin, heparan sulfate, and complement component c3b. | glycoprotein c (gc) from herpes simplex virus (hsv) facilitates virus entry by attaching the virion to host cell-surface heparan sulfate (hs). although gc from hsv-1 (gc1) and from hsv-2 (gc2) bind to heparin, gc2 is believed to play a less significant role than gc1 in attachment of virus to cells. this attachment step is followed by the binding of gd to one of several cellular receptors. gc also plays an important role in immune evasion by binding to the c3b fragment of the third component of t ... | 2002 | 12009874 |
| impact of infectious burden on extent and long-term prognosis of atherosclerosis. | recent findings suggest a causative role of infections in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. in hypothesizing an association between infectious agents and the development of atherosclerosis, we would expect a correlation to the extent of atherosclerosis. moreover, this effect could be multiplied by the number of pathogens to which an individual had been exposed. | 2002 | 11772870 |
| the herpes simplex virus type 2 r1 protein kinase (icp10 pk) blocks apoptosis in hippocampal neurons, involving activation of the mek/mapk survival pathway. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 trigger or counteract apoptosis by a cell-specific mechanism. our studies are based on previous findings that the protein kinase (pk) domain of the large subunit of hsv-2 ribonucleotide reductase (icp10) activates the ras/mek/mapk pathway (smith et al., j. virol. 74:10417, 2000). because survival pathways can modulate apoptosis, we used cells that are stably or transiently transfected with icp10 pk, an hsv-2 mutant deleted in icp10 pk (icp10deltapk) ... | 2002 | 11773417 |
| sequence and genetic arrangement of the u(s) region of the monkey b virus (cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) genome and comparison with the u(s) regions of other primate herpesviruses. | the sequence of the unique short (u(s)) region of monkey b virus (bv) was determined. the 13 genes identified are arranged in the same order and orientation as in herpes simplex virus (hsv). these results demonstrate that the bv u(s) region is entirely colinear with that of hsv type 1 (hsv-1), hsv-2, and simian agent 8 virus. | 2002 | 11773425 |
| inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) viral replication by the dominant negative mutant polypeptide of hsv-1 origin binding protein. | ul9-c535c, the trans-dominant negative mutant polypeptide of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ul9 origin binding protein, is a potent inhibitor of hsv-1 viral dna replication. this study focused on testing whether hsv-1 ul9-c535c and a genetically engineered ul9-c535c-encoding hsv-1 recombinant virus cj83193 could inhibit herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection. first, a stable cell line, r-c535c, expressing a high level of ul9-c535c in the presence of tetracycline and little or no ul9- ... | 2002 | 11750938 |
| monoclonal antibodies and human sera directed to the secreted glycoprotein g of herpes simplex virus type 2 recognize type-specific antigenic determinants. | glycoprotein g-2 (gg-2) of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is cleaved to a secreted amino-terminal portion (sgg-2) and to a cell-associated carboxy-terminal portion which is further o-glycosylated to constitute the mature gg-2 (mgg-2). in contrast to mgg-2, which is known to elicit a type-specific antibody response in the human host, information on the immunogenic properties of sgg-2 is lacking. here the sgg-2 protein was purified on a heparin column and used for production of monoclonal ant ... | 2002 | 11752712 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis e antibodies among danish prisoners and drug users. | injecting drug users and prisoners have high prevalences of antibodies to hepatitis a-c. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) in two danish high-risk populations and correlate anti-hev with risk factors for transmission. three hundred thirty male prisoners and 137 patients at a drug treatment center were tested for anti-hev with an in-house enzyme-linked immunoassay (eia) utilizing antigens derived from open reading frame 2 (orf2). t ... | 2002 | 11748658 |
| synthesis of novel (2r,4r)- and (2s,4s)-iso dideoxynucleosides with exocyclic methylene as potential antiviral agents. | novel (2r,4r)- and (2s,4s)-iso dideoxynucleosides with exocyclic methylene have been designed and synthesized, based on the lead bms-200475 (3) which exhibited potent anti-hbv activity. for the synthesis of d types of (2r,4r)-nucleosides, l-xylose was converted to the key intermediate 14. the intermediate 14 was converted to the uracil derivative 4a and the cytosine derivative 4b. compound 14 was also converted to the purine derivatives such as adenine derivative 4c, hypoxanthine derivative 4d, ... | 2002 | 11738624 |
| activity of porphyridium sp. polysaccharide against herpes simplex viruses in vitro and in vivo. | the cell wall sulfated polysaccharide of the red microalga porphyridium sp. exhibited impressive antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and -2) both in vitro (cell culture) and in vivo (rats and rabbits). depending on the concentration, this polysaccharide completely inhibited or slowed down the development of the cytopathic effect in hsv-infected cells, but did not show any cytotoxic effects on vero cells even when a concentration as high as 250 microg/ml was used. ... | 2002 | 11741707 |
| polymerase chain reaction for laboratory diagnosis of orf virus infections. | the orf virus of sheep and goats is one of several zoonotic parapoxviruses. in the ovine/caprine host it causes contagious ecthyma (contagious pustular dermatitis, scabby mouth), but in humans it normally causes solitary or clustered orf lesions, typically on hands, arms or face. in addition to disease in the animals, the virus can be quite a nuisance as an occupational hazard in farmers and butchers. clinical diagnosis is often possible, but laboratory diagnosis is sometimes necessary. for viru ... | 2002 | 11744431 |
| a sero-epidemiological study of herpes virus type 1 and 2 infection in israel. | in order to obtain data on the prevalence and incidence of herpes virus type 2 (hsv(2)) infection in selected populations of women and to identify groups that might benefit from routine prenatal screening, an epidemiological study was conducted during the period 1984-1990, which showed hsv(2) seroprevalence to be 2.8%. due to the worldwide increase of over 30% of hsv(2) infection in the past two decades, a second study was performed during the period 1 january 1998-31 december 1999. four differe ... | 2002 | 11744432 |
| neonatal herpes simplex virus infections. | neonatal herpes simplex virus infections can result in serious morbidity and mortality. many of the infections result from asymptomatic cervical shedding of virus after a primary episode of genital hsv in the third trimester. antibodies to hsv-2 have been detected in approximately 20 percent of pregnant women, but only 5 percent report a history of symptomatic infection. all primary episodes of hsv and secondary episodes near term or at the time of delivery should be treated with antiviral thera ... | 2002 | 11925091 |
| [analysis on patial amino acid sequence of a novel glycoprotein binding to antiherpes simplex virus monoclonal antibody cha9]. | to acquire the characteristic amino acid sequence of a novel glycoprotein of herpes simplex virus (hsv), so as to localize gene encoding the novel glycoprotein accurately. | 2003 | 15155092 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of novel 3'- and 4'-doubly branched carbocyclic nucleosides as potential antiviral agents. | a series of 3'- and 4'-branched carbocyclic nucleosides 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30 were synthesized starting from simple acyclic ketone derivatives. the construction of the required quaternary carbon was made using a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. in addition, the installation of a methyl group in the 3'-position was accomplished using a horner-wadsworth-emmons (hwe) reaction with triethyl 2-phosphonopropionate. bis-vinyl was successfully cyclized using a grubbs' catalyst (ii). natural bases (a ... | 2003 | 14723348 |
| innate immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is responsible for most cases of genital herpes and also can cause fatal disseminated disease in perinatally infected newborns. sexually transmitted infections initiate in the skin or mucosa and quickly spread into peripheral nerves to establish latency. innate immunity, the first line of defense during both primary and recurrent infection, is essential during this period of acute infection to limit initial viral replication and to facilitate an appropriate ad ... | 2003 | 14733735 |
| proteasome inhibitors: a novel tool to suppress human cytomegalovirus replication and virus-induced immune modulation. | recently, we like others, demonstrated that systemic inflammation is the most important mechanism involved in (re)activation of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in both immunocompetent patients. by in vitro studies the eukaryotic transcription factor nf-kappab could be identified as the key mediator of tnf-alpha- and ie1-dependent stimulation of the hcmv ie1/2 enhancer/promoter activity, which is crucial for initiation of viral gene expression during reactivation from latency as well as productive i ... | 2003 | 14760889 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 infection increases hiv incidence: a prospective study in rural tanzania pujades, by rodríguez et al. | 2003 | 15080202 | |
| herpes simplex virus latency. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) are ubiquitous human pathogens. they share with other herpesviruses the ability to establish lifelong latent infection of the host. periodic reactivation from latency is responsible for most of the clinical disease burden of hsv infection. this review focuses on what we have learned from molecular studies in model systems of hsv latency, and the implications these findings have for treating recurrent hsv disease. | 2003 | 14987404 |
| structure assignment, total synthesis, and antiviral evaluation of cycloviracin b1. | the first total synthesis of the antivirally active glycolipid cycloviracin b(1) (1) is described. the approach is based on a two-directional synthesis strategy which constructs the c(2)()-symmetrical macrodiolide core of the target by an efficient template-directed macrodilactonization reaction promoted by 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride 14 as the activating agent. attachment of the lateral fatty acid chains to the lactide core thus formed features not only one of the most advanced ... | 2003 | 14570487 |
| baseline survey of sexually transmitted infections in a cohort of female bar workers in mbeya region, tanzania. | to determine baseline prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (sti) and other reproductive tract infections (rti) and their association with hiv as well as sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics in a newly recruited cohort of female bar workers in mbeya region, tanzania. | 2003 | 14573833 |
| synthesis, cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of podophyllotoxin analogues modified in the e-ring. | several podophyllotoxin derivatives modified in the e-ring were prepared and evaluated for their cytotoxicity on four neoplastic cell lines (p-388, a-549, ht-29 and mel-28) and for their antiherpetic activity against herpes simplex virus type ii. the trimethoxyphenyl moiety was oxidized to ortho-quinone and further condensed with diamines and enamines to form different heterocycles. most of the compounds maintained their cytotoxicity at the mum level and some of them showed antiherpetic activity ... | 2003 | 14575937 |
| lifting the curtain of silence: survivors speak about rape behind bars. | in the struggle to end sexual violence behind bars, personal stories of abuse serve as an important advocacy tool for organizations such as stop prisoner rape (spr). the first-person accounts of men and women who have endured this abuse help to personalize, and thereby, humanize the issue. statistics about the frequency of prisoner rape are powerful, but they can also be numbing, conveying the sense that nothing can be done to stop the problem. personal accounts in contrast, have an emotional im ... | 2003 | 14584537 |
| herpes simplex virus ul14 protein blocks apoptosis. | we report that an hsv-2 ul14 protein expressing cell line (14/hep-2) was more resistant to apoptosis induced by osmotic shock and certain drugs than its parental cell line. furthermore, hsv-1 ul14 protein deletion virus (ul14d) showed weaker inhibition of apoptosis compared to the rescued virus ul14r. the protein's anti-apoptotic function may derive from its heat shock protein-like properties. | 2003 | 14584616 |
| anti-herpes simplex virus activity of substituted 1-hydroxyacridones. | 5-chloro-1,3-dihydroxyacridone, 1, is a potent and selective inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1).(1) substituted 1,3-dihydroxyacridones represent a new class of nonnucleoside hsv-1 inhibitors, and biochemical studies indicate a novel mechanism of action for 1, although the target is not yet defined.(2) with the goal of lead optimization, analogues of 1 were synthesized in an effort to describe the structure-activity relationships between 1 and its hypothetical binding site. modifica ... | 2003 | 14584951 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-substituted derivatives of the potent antiherpes agent (north)-methanocarbathymine. | the conformationally locked nucleoside, (north)-methanocarbathymine (1a), is a potent and selective anti-herpes agent effective against herpes simplex type 1 (hsv1) and type 2 (hsv2) viruses. hereby, we report on the synthesis and biological evaluation of a small set of 5-substituted pyrimidine nucleosides belonging to the same class of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane nucleosides. both the 5-bromovinyl (4) and the 5-bromo analogue (3) appeared to be exclusive substrates of hsv1 thymidine kinase (tk), contr ... | 2003 | 14584954 |
| immunostimulatory cpg treatment for genital hsv-2 infections. | 2003 | 14585849 | |
| replication and interaction of herpes simplex virus and human papillomavirus in differentiating host epithelial tissue. | we have investigated the interactions and consequences of superinfecting and coreplication of human papillomavirus (hpv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) in human epithelial organotypic (raft) culture tissues. in hpv-positive tissues, hsv infection and replication induced significant cytopathic effects (cpe), but the tissues were able to recover and maintain a certain degree of tissue integrity and architecture. hpv31b not only maintained the episomal state of its genomic dna but also maintained i ... | 2003 | 14592758 |
| socio-demographic characteristics and sex practices related to herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in mexican and central american female sex workers. | this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between hsv-2 infection and several socio-demographic and sexual practices of mexican and central american female sex workers (fsws) in the soconusco region in the state of chiapas, mexico. a cross-sectional study was carried out based on a sample frame of bars where fsws were active in the soconusco region. fsws consented to investigations and answered a questionnaire and provided a blood sample for specific hsv-2 antibody analysis. one hundred and ... | 2003 | 14596526 |
| synthesis and anti-herpes simplex viral activity of monoglycosyl diglycerides. | based on the discovery of antiviral beta-galactosyl diglycerides from clinacanthus nutans leaves, 19 monoglycosyl diglycerides were synthesized and examined for inhibitory effect on herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2). a study of the structure-activity relationships of the synthetic monoglycosyl diglycerides indicated that the fatty acyl moieties were critical for inhibitory action with higher activity displayed as the acyl groups became more olefinic in character. the sugar moiety ... | 2003 | 14599523 |
| clinical spectrum and laboratory characteristics associated with detection of herpes simplex virus dna in cerebrospinal fluid. | to determine the clinical, neurologic, and laboratory characteristics of patients with herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 (hsv-1) or hsv type 2 (hsv-2) dna detected in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) with use of polymerase chain reaction. | 2003 | 14601693 |
| intravaginal administration of herpes simplex virus type 2 to mice leads to infection of several neural and extraneural sites. | female mice have been used extensively to study mucosal immunity against herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection of the vagina, but comparatively little is known about the spread of this virus to other tissues. here the authors have used immunolabeling to demonstrate that hsv-2 infected the vaginal epithelium; the epithelium covering the vulva, perineum, and anal canal; and perineal hair follicles and sebaceous glands. the kinetics and basal localization of the immunolabeling indicated tha ... | 2003 | 14602572 |
| prevalence and risk factors for herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among pregnant women in israel. | although usually a nuisance to the adult patient, herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection can have devastating consequences on the infected newborn. it is thus important to document the prevalence and risk factors of this infection among pregnant women in a defined population. the availability of the new type-specific assays that provide accurate serologic results prompted us to study the seroprevalence of hsv-2 infection among pregnant women in israel. | 2003 | 14603091 |
| 5'-amino-5'-deoxyaristeromycin and its antiviral properties. | an efficient, three-step synthesis of 5'-amino-5'-deoxyaristeromycin (5), from a protected form of aristeromycin (6), is described. compound 5 was evaluated against a large number of viruses. it showed weak activity towards vaccinia, herpes simplex virus 2, and cytomegalovirus. no other activity was observed. compound 5 displayed some cytotoxicity towards the host cell lines human foreskin fibroblast, daudi, and human t-lymphocyte (cem). | 2003 | 14604683 |
| performance of the focus and kalon enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein g in culture-documented cases of genital herpes. | glycoprotein g-based herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays from focus and kalon were performed with specimens from 118 patients with culture-documented genital herpes episodes, and their results were compared. sensitivity was 52% by kalon and 86% by focus for first hsv-2 episodes and 100% (for each of the two tests) for recurrent hsv-2. median times to seroconversion were 120 days by the kalon assay, 21 days by the focus assay, and 68 days by western blotting ass ... | 2003 | 14605166 |
| isolated hsv-2 on the helix manifesting as a single large vesicle in a healthy woman. | 2003 | 14609110 | |
| the differential requirement for cyclin-dependent kinase activities distinguishes two functions of herpes simplex virus type 1 icp0. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) icp0 directs the degradation of cellular proteins associated with nuclear structures called nd10, a function thought to be closely associated with its broad transactivating activity. roscovitine (rosco), an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), inhibits the replication of hsv-1, hsv-2, human cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by inhibiting specific steps or activities of viral regulatory proteins, indicatin ... | 2003 | 14610183 |
| [herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus infections]. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) are both human alpha-herpes viruses. they are capable of establishing latent infections in neural tissues and to reactive from these sites, determining the clinical features of the disease (primary infection versus recurrences). infections with these viruses are common; an increased number of elderly and immunocompromised individuals will likely lead to an even higher prevalence. hsv infection--in its typical form characterized by group ... | 2003 | 14610899 |
| urothelial bladder carcinoma and viral infections: different association with human polyomaviruses and papillomaviruses. | bladder cancer is the second most commonly occurring genitourinary cancer in adults. the interaction of different carcinogenic and cocarcinogenic agents are responsible for bladder urothelial carcinoma: alcohol and smoking habits, schistosoma haematobium infection, exposition to chemicals, analgesic and antineoplastic drugs prolonged use. recently also viral infections have been associated to this pathology. in this study the correlation between viral infections and bladder carcinoma has been ev ... | 2003 | 14611733 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 as a cause of severe meningitis in immunocompromised adults. | we reviewed the clinical and demographic characteristics and outcomes for 13 immunocompromised patients with herpes simplex virus (hsv)-induced meningitis. eleven patients were receiving chemotherapy for leukemia or lymphoma, and 10 had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. patients presented with acute febrile meningitis. the median white blood cell count at the onset of symptoms was 400 cells/mm3. examination of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) specimens showed lymphocytic meningitis, but activated lym ... | 2003 | 14614676 |
| poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate): evaluation of a topical microbicide gel against herpes simplex virus type 2 and chlamydia trachomatis infections in mice. | to investigate the in vivo activity of poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (t-pss) gel formulations as topical microbicides. | 2003 | 14616702 |
| the role of dendritic cells in immune responses against vaginal infection by herpes simplex virus type 2. | herpes simplex virus type 2 is a leading cause of genital ulcers that affects more women than men worldwide. recent evidence indicates that protective immunity can be generated by specialized dendritic cells in the female genital mucosa. this article aims to provide an overview of the effector immunity required for protection from genital herpes, and to discuss the mechanism by which specific subsets of dendritic cells mediate induction of adaptive immunity following genital infection with herpe ... | 2003 | 14623018 |
| the us3 protein kinase of herpes simplex virus attenuates the activation of the c-jun n-terminal protein kinase signal transduction pathway in infected piriform cortex neurons of c57bl/6 mice. | stereotaxic microinjection of herpes simplex virus (hsv) into the mouse olfactory bulb resulted in infection of neurons of the piriform cortex. neurons infected with the wildtype hsv showed no evident phosphorylation of c-jun n-terminal protein kinase (jnk)/c-jun. in contrast, neurons infected with a us3 gene-disrupted mutant of the l1br1 virus displayed phosphorylated jnk/c-jun in a nuclear staining fashion. induction of neuronal apoptosis by the wildtype hsv was partially suppressed when compa ... | 2003 | 14623140 |
| human immunodeficiency virus acquisition associated with genital ulcer disease and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection: a nested case-control study in rakai, uganda. | to assess the timing of symptomatic genital ulcer disease (gud) relative to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroconversion, we studied 248 case subjects who underwent hiv seroconversion and 496 hiv-negative control subjects, at 3 interview visits conducted at 10-month intervals: visit 1, before hiv acquisition; visit 2, after seroconversion; and visit 3, 10 months after detection of seroconversion. odds ratios (ors) and 95% confidence intervals (cis), for hiv acquisition, were estimated by lo ... | 2003 | 14624374 |
| new options in herpes management. | herpesviruses in the alpha group--hsv-1, hsv-2, and vzv (i.e., hsv-3)--are ubiquitous in american society. hsv-1 is associated primarily with herpes labialis, while hsv-2 is involved in about 70% of cases of genital herpes. varicellazoster virus causes chickenpox in unvaccinated children and others, and latent virus produces shingles later in life. since many patients with hsv-1 and hsv-2 infections are asymptomatic, testing is important in determining presence of the viruses. several antiviral ... | 2003 | 14626519 |
| multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the detection of herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus and cytomegalovirus in ocular specimens. | a majority of ocular viral diseases are caused by herpes group of viruses. such infections, especially atypical herpetic keratitis, iridocyclitis and intra-ocular inflammations, can often present with overlapping clinical manifestations misleading the diagnosis. molecular techniques are most useful in such instances for an accurate and rapid diagnosis since conventional methods are time consuming and less sensitive. a multiplex pcr was developed and used for the detection of herpes simplex virus ... | 2003 | 14632159 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 infection associated with atrial myxoma. | some findings suggest an infectious factor in cardiac myxoma and certain histopathological features indicate herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection. we hypothesized that hsv-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac myxoma. paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 17 patients with atrial myxoma were investigated for hsv-1 antigen by immunohistochemistry and viral genomic dna by nested polymerase chain reaction. the histogenesis and oncogenesis of atrial myxoma were assessed by the exp ... | 2003 | 14633612 |
| evaluations of unformulated and formulated dendrimer-based microbicide candidates in mouse and guinea pig models of genital herpes. | prevention of sexually transmitted infections is a priority in developed and developing countries. one approach to prevention is the use of topical microbicides, and one promising approach is the use of dendrimers, highly branched macromolecules synthesized from a polyfunctional core. three new dendrimer products developed to provide stable and cost-efficient microbicides were initially evaluated in vitro for anti-herpes simplex virus activity and then in vivo by using a mouse model of genital h ... | 2003 | 14638483 |
| [association of herpes simplex virus type2 infection with dyslipidemia in chinese]. | to investigate the relationship between herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection and dyslipidemia. | 2003 | 14642082 |
| prevalence and risk factors for infection with herpes simplex virus type-1 and -2 among lesbians. | sexual transmission of bacterial and viral sexually transmitted disease has been reported between women. no data are available on seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) and type-2 (hsv-2) among lesbians. | 2003 | 14646636 |
| low incidence and prevalence of hepatitis c virus infection among sexually active non-intravenous drug-using adults, san francisco, 1997-2000. | the rate of sexual transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv) is debated. | 2003 | 14646642 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of prodelphinidin b-2 3,3'-di-o-gallate from myrica rubra. | in this study, the in vitro antiviral properties of prodelphinidin b-2 3,3'-di- o-gallate (pb233'og) isolated from the bark of myrica rubra (myricaceae) was investigated. results showed that pb233'og exhibited anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) activity with ic (50) values of 5.3 +/- 0.1 and 0.4 +/- 0.04 microm for xtt and plaque reduction assays, respectively. the ic (50) value increased with increasing moi (multiplicity of infection). pb233'og did not show a cellular cytotoxic effect at ... | 2003 | 14648402 |
| real-time nested multiplex pcr for the detection of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and varicella zoster virus. | one hundred forty-nine specimens were tested in a lightcycler nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (lcnmpcr) for herpes simplex virus (hsv)1, hsv2, and vzv. eighty-one were from genitourinary medicine (gum) patients and the other 68 specimens were from other patients with skin lesions. the results were compared to a conventional multiplex nested pcr (nmpcr) using agarose gel electrophoresis. twenty-five specimens were positive in both assays for hsv1 and 29 were positive for vzv. for hsv2 ... | 2003 | 14556269 |
| parameters of cpg oligodeoxynucleotide-induced protection against intravaginal hsv-2 challenge. | synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) containing unmethylated cpg dinucleotides within the context of certain flanking bases (cpg motifs) have been shown to induce potent innate and adaptive immune responses. vaginal delivery of cpg odn alone protects mice from vaginal herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) challenge. here, we investigated the importance of timing of delivery, formulation, route and dose of vaginally administered cpg odn in the prevention or treatment of intravaginal (ivag) hsv-2 i ... | 2003 | 14556270 |
| a locus on mouse chromosome 6 that determines resistance to herpes simplex virus also influences reactivation, while an unlinked locus augments resistance of female mice. | during studies to determine a role for tumor necrosis factor (tnf) in herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection using tnf receptor null mutant mice, we discovered a genetic locus, closely linked to the tnf p55 receptor (tnfrsf1a) gene on mouse chromosome 6 (c6), that determines resistance or susceptibility to hsv-1. we named this locus the herpes resistance locus, hrl, and showed that it also mediates resistance to hsv-2. hrl has at least two alleles, hrl(r), expressed by resistant strains l ... | 2003 | 14557652 |
| epidemiology of genital herpes (hsv-2) among brothel based female sex workers in bangladesh. | a prospective study was carried out to determine the prevalence of herpes simplex type 2 (hsv-2) in bangladeshi female sex workers. serum samples were collected from 463 female prostitutes and tested by elisa using type specific antigens (gg1 and gg2). there were 405 (87.5%) samples seropositive for both hsv-1 and hsv-2, 24 (5.2%) samples were seropositive for only hsv-1, a further 33 (7.1%) samples were seropositive for hsv-2 only and one sample was found to be negative. human immunodeficiency ... | 2003 | 14561051 |
| synthesis and fluorescent properties of 6-(4-biphenylyl)-3,9-dihydro-9-oxo-5h-imidazo[1,2-a]purine analogues of acyclovir and ganciclovir. | tricyclic (t) analogues of acyclovir (acv, 1) and ganciclovir (gcv, 2) carrying the 3,9-dihydro-9-oxo-5h-imidazo[1,2-a]purine system [i.e., 6-(4-brph)tacv, 5 and 6-(4-brph)tgcv, 6] were transformed into 6-[(4'-r2)-4-biphenylyl] derivatives of tacv (7-9) and tgcv (10-12) by suzuki cross coupling with 4-substituted phenylboronic acids. compound 11 (r2 = ch2oh) showed a high (approximately 1000) selectivity index against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) together with advantageous fluorescence pr ... | 2003 | 14565309 |
| synthesis of [1'-fluoro-2',2'-bis-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropylmethyl]purines as antiviral agents. | [1'-fluoro-2',2'-bis-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropylmethyl]purines were designed, synthesized and their antiviral activity against poliovirus, hsv and hiv was evaluated. | 2003 | 14565320 |
| metabolic and pharmacological characteristics of the bicyclic nucleoside analogues (bcnas) as highly selective inhibitors of varicella-zoster virus (vzv). | 2003 | 14565329 | |
| immunodominance among herpes simplex virus-specific cd8 t cells expressing a tissue-specific homing receptor. | the study of immunodominance within microbe-specific cd8 t cell responses has been challenging. we used a previously undescribed approach to create unbiased panels of cd8 cytotoxic t lymphocyte clones specific for herpes simplex virus type 2, a pathogen with a complex genome encoding at least 85 polypeptides. circulating herpes simplex virus type 2-specific cells were enriched and cloned after sorting for expression of the skin homing-associated receptor, cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen, ... | 2003 | 14566059 |
| herpes simplex virus triggers activation of calcium-signaling pathways. | the cellular pathways required for herpes simplex virus (hsv) invasion have not been defined. to test the hypothesis that hsv entry triggers activation of ca2+-signaling pathways, the effects on intracellular calcium concentration ([ca2+]i) after exposure of cells to hsv were examined. exposure to virus results in a rapid and transient increase in [ca2+]i. pretreatment of cells with pharmacological agents that block release of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (ip3)-sensitive endoplasmic reticulum sto ... | 2003 | 14568989 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2: an update. | 2003 | 14657740 | |
| sexually transmitted infections among prostitutes in bratislava, slovakia. | sera from 18 prostitutes from bratislava were examined for the presence of antibodies to several sexually transmitted pathogens, namely herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2), human immunodeficiency viruses 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2), hepatitis b and c viruses (hbv and hcv), chlamydia trachomatis, and treponema pallidum. results of this screening indicated that 11 prostitutes (61%) carried 1 or more sexually transmitted infections. the most prevalent antibodies were directed against hsv-2 (9 cases, i.e. ... | 2003 | 14658845 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of novel trans-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropyl nucleosides. | novel trans-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl nucleosides were synthesized as potential antiviral agents. the key intermediate, 3, was synthesized via five steps from ethyl chrysanthemate and condensed with purine bases using the mitsunobu reaction to give six cyclopropyl nucleosides. these synthesized nucleosides did not show any significant antiviral activity against hsv-1, hsv-2, emcv, cox b3, or vsv, at concentrations up to 100 microm. | 2003 | 14661851 |
| ctl are inactivated by herpes simplex virus-infected cells expressing a viral protein kinase. | numerous cell-to-cell signals tightly regulate ctl function. human fibroblasts infected with hsv type 1 or 2 can generate such a signal and inactivate human ctl. inactivated ctl lose their ability to release cytotoxic granules and synthesize cytokines when triggered through the tcr. inactivation requires cell-to-cell contact between ctl and hsv-infected cells. however, inactivated ctl are not infected with hsv. the inactivation of ctl is sustainable, as ctl function remains impaired when the ctl ... | 2003 | 14662877 |
| epidemiology of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | to describe the epidemiology of type specific recurrent genital herpes, and to compare the duration of recurrent genital lesions caused by herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2. | 2003 | 14663120 |
| a population based study of herpes simplex virus 2 seroprevalence in rural costa rica. | to determine seroprevalence and determinants of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) seropositivity, in a random sample of a population based cohort of 10 049 women of guanacaste, costa rica, using a highly sensitive and specific serological assay. | 2003 | 14663121 |