Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| discrimination of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 cerebral infections in a rat model. | a rat model was used to evaluate intertypic differences after intracranial (i.c.) inoculation of herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 strains with regard to neurovirulence and neuropathology, and influence of age on susceptibility. in adult rats, hsv-1 strains were more virulent than hsv-2 strains. hsv-1 replicated to higher titers in the central nervous system (cns) of rats, as compared with hsv-2. in rats of less than 2-3 weeks of age, hsv-1 and hsv-2 were equally virulent, but morphologic ... | 1991 | 1662855 |
| in vitro evaluation of the synergistic antiviral effects of acemannan in combination with azidothymidine and acyclovir. | the antiviral effects of selected combinations between acemannan (ace-m), a long-chained, polydispersed, beta-(1,4)-acetylated mannan, were tested in combination with azidothymidine (azt) and acyclovir (acy) in vitro. the rationale for such combinations was based on the antiviral and immunomodulatory properties exhibited by ace-m. in addition, the observed antiviral effects of ace-m against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and other enveloped viruses appear to be related to modificati ... | 1991 | 1662957 |
| computer-aided active-site-directed modeling of the herpes simplex virus 1 and human thymidine kinase. | thymidine kinase (tk), which is induced by herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv1), plays a key role in the antiviral activity of guanine derivatives such as aciclovir (acv). in contrast, acv shows only low affinity to the corresponding host cell enzyme. in order to define the differences in substrate binding of the two enzymes on molecular level, models for the three-dimensional (3-d) structures of the active sites of hsv1-tk and human tk were developed. the reconstruction of the active sites of hsv1-tk ... | 1991 | 1663155 |
| amplification and characterization of herpesvirus dna in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with acute encephalitis. | a single pair of oligonucleotide primers selected within a highly conserved region of the dna polymerase gene of the herpesviruses was designed to amplify related viral genomes, i.e., herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, epstein-barr virus, and cytomegalovirus, by the polymerase chain reaction. a simple restriction enzyme analysis of these amplified products allowed accurate characterization of the herpesvirus type. ninety-nine cerebrospinal fluid samples from 36 patients (i ... | 1991 | 1663508 |
| different antiviral potencies of bv-arau and related nucleoside analogues against herpes simplex virus type 1 in human cell lines and vero cells. | antiviral potencies against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl-e-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil (bv-arau) and ten other nucleoside analogues in human embryonic lung fibroblast (hel) cells were compared with those in vero cells. 5-halogenovinylarabinosyluracils, highly active in hel cells, were inactive against all three laboratory-stocked strains of hsv-1 but exerted moderate antiviral effects on three clinical isolates in vero cells. the reduction in anti-hsv-1 potencies o ... | 1991 | 1663576 |
| phosphonylmethoxyalkyl purine and pyrimidine derivatives for treatment of opportunistic cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus infections in murine aids. | murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (maids) was induced in c57bl/6 mice following infection with the lp-bm5 retrovirus complex. infected mice developed splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and loss of b- and t-cell functions 100 days after virus inoculation. mice with aids were highly susceptible to opportunistic murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) infections. the therapeutic activities of two phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivatives, 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (pmea ... | 1991 | 1663726 |
| effects of phosphonylmethoxyalkyl-purine and -pyrimidine derivatives on tk+ and tk- hsv-1 keratitis in rabbits. | the phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivatives hpmpa [(s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine], hpmpc [(s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine] and pmea [9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine] were evaluated as 0.2% eyedrops for their efficacy in the treatment of experimental herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) keratitis in the rabbit model. bvdu 0.2% eyedrops were used as the reference treatment. hpmpa, hpmpc, pmea and bvdu eyedrops showed a rapid and highly significant healing eff ... | 1991 | 1663731 |
| evidence for selective evolution in codon usage in conserved amino acid segments of human alphaherpesvirus proteins. | the genomes of human viruses herpes simplex 1 (hsv1) and varicella zoster (vzv), although similar in biology, largely concordant in gene order, and identical in many amino acid segments, differ widely in their genomic g + c (abbreviated s) content, which is high in hsv1 (68%) and low in vzv (46%). this paper analyzes several striking codon usage contrasts. the s difference in coding regions is dramatically large in codon site 3, s3, about 42%. the large difference in s3 is maintained at the same ... | 1991 | 1663999 |
| live vaccinia virus recombinants expressing herpes simplex virus genes. | vaccinia virus recombinants expressing antigens from herpes simplex virus (hsv) have been tested as potential live virus vaccines for prevention of hsv infection. we describe three vaccinia virus/hsv recombinants. the first expresses the hsv-1 glycoprotein d (vaccinia/gd), the second expresses the hsv-1 glycoprotein b (vaccinia/gb), and the third expresses both the hsv-1 glycoprotein d and the influenza a hemagglutinin (vaccinia/hsvgd/influenza). mice immunized with vaccinia/gd or vaccinia/gb de ... | 1991 | 1664124 |
| development of a herpes simplex virus subunit glycoprotein vaccine for prophylactic and therapeutic use. | a herpes simplex virus subunit vaccine has been tested for immunogenicity and protective efficacy in animal models. the vaccine is a mixture of the viral glycoproteins gb and gd expressed in mammalian cells as secreted carboxyl terminal truncated derivatives. the antigens have been combined with several adjuvants, including a lipophilic derivative of a muramyl tripeptide, mtp-pe, and administered in a stable, low-oil emulsion. titers of antibody that are threefold to 15-fold greater than those o ... | 1991 | 1664126 |
| membrane-associated antigens of herpes simplex virus. | a brief overview is presented concerning the membrane-associated antigens of herpes simplex viruses (hsv). aspects discussed include certain properties and functional roles of the hsv-specific glycoproteins. in addition, recent findings of an association between certain immediate-early proteins of hsv-1 and the tegument of virions as well as the plasma membrane of virus-infected cells are discussed. | 1991 | 1664128 |
| immune responses to herpes simplex virus in guinea pigs (footpad model) and mice immunized with vaccinia virus recombinants containing herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d. | vaccinia virus recombinants containing the herpes simplex virus (hsv) gene for glycoprotein d type 1 (gd-1) under control of an early (vp176) or late (vp254) vaccinia virus promoter or for hsv glycoprotein type 2 (gd-2) under control of the early promoter (vp221) were studied for their ability to induce protective immunity to hsv-2 in the guinea pig model of cutaneous recurrent disease and the mouse model of fatal disease. titers of hsv-specific neutralizing antibody were similar in the two grou ... | 1991 | 1664130 |
| [temperature-sensitive clones of herpes simplex virus type 1 from laboratory and clinical strains. i. cloning and basic pathogenetic and immunogenic properties]. | two hsv-1 strains were used in the study: mcintyre laboratory strain and "eye" strain isolated from a patient. temperature-sensitive clone of hsv-1 was isolated from mcintyre strain as a consequence of virus replication carried out at lowered temperature (28 degrees c). temperature-resistant clones were obtained from both strains through passages at 39 degrees c and through heating for four times at 45 degrees c. pathogenic properties of the temperature clones obtained were determined in inbred ... | 1991 | 1664472 |
| identification of the thymidine kinase gene of infectious laryngotracheitis virus. | an an initial step in the development of a recombinant poultry infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) vaccine, we report on the identification, cloning, and sequencing of a thymidine kinase (tk) gene from a virulent u.s. field isolate of iltv. degenerate oligonucleotide primers for the consensus nucleotide (atp) binding site and the nucleoside (thymidine) binding site of other herpesvirus tk genes were used in the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to amplify a fragment of iltv dna. the 344-base ... | 1991 | 1664722 |
| antiviral activity of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine and related drugs in human keratinocytes infected in vitro with herpes simplex virus type 1. | 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (iudr) is a potent topical antiviral agent in experimental animals but is less active in man for treating cutaneous viral infections. we have shown here that iudr is 5 times less active in human keratinocytes infected in vitro with herpes simplex virus type 1 than in guinea pig embryo cells infected in culture. to account, in part, for this difference in activity of iudr, we measured the capacity of these different cultures to catabolize and thus inactivate the drug. iudr ... | 1991 | 1665069 |
| the role of cyclic nucleotide mediators in latency and reactivation of hsv-1 infected neuroblastoma cells. | the mechanisms that control herpes simplex virus type 1 latency and reactivation are still poorly understood. we developed an in vitro murine neuroblastoma cell hsv-infected, acyclovir suppressed model to study the influence of different cyclic nucleotide mediators on the latency and reactivation of hsv-1. a positive cdna 'in situ' hybridisation for hsv genome was used to prove the establishment of a viral-host cell nuclear relationship. an abc-immunoperoxidase reaction to cell surface hsv matur ... | 1991 | 1665422 |
| [herpes simplex virus retinitis. role of the immune system in the animal experiment]. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) can induce severe inflammation in the retina. von szily described a model in which anterior chamber injection of hsv results in anterior uveitis with relative protection of the retina, but contralateral retinitis. the role of the immune system in the von szily mouse model was investigated in our experiments. earlier experiments demonstrated resistance to contralateral retinitis in some mouse strains. our results suggest that natural killer (nk) cells do not play an imp ... | 1991 | 1665474 |
| identification and comparative sequence analysis of a gene in equine herpesvirus 1 with homology to the herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d gene. | a homologue of the herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoprotein d gene has been identified in the genome of equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1, equine abortion virus). an open reading frame in the middle of the short unique (us) region is capable of encoding a polypeptide of 402 amino acids that has 26% and 20% of its residues matching pseudorabies virus (prv) gp50 and hsv-1 gd, respectively. despite this low level of similarity, the positional identity of six cysteine residues and certain motifs, and the l ... | 1991 | 1665613 |
| identification of the infectious laryngotracheitis virus glycoprotein gb gene by the polymerase chain reaction. | the infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) homologue of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein b (gb) gene was identified by pcr amplification of genomic iltv dna. a 488-bp amplified dna fragment was used to identify and clone two adjacent psti fragments from genomic iltv dna. sequence analysis of the region surrounding the amplified fragment identified a 2619-bp open reading frame that has 39% homology with both the nucleotide and amino-acid sequences of the hsv-1 gb gene. nort ... | 1991 | 1665614 |
| [immunoelectron microscopic localization of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d in infected culture cells using the indirect peroxidase-labeled antibody method]. | ultrastructural localization of herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoprotein d was studied using hsv infected monolayers of rabbit corneal cells. the pre-embedding indirect peroxidase-labeled antibody method was employed. immediately after viral adsorption, deposits of reaction products were seen on the viral envelope. the cytoplasmic membrane showed focal positive staining at the sites of virus attachment. at 1 hour after infection, reaction products were found on the envelope of the virus in the ph ... | 1991 | 1665678 |
| action spectra of the antileukemic and antiviral activities of merocyanine 540. | action spectra of the antileukemic and antiviral activities of merocyanine 540 (mc540) were determined using l1210 leukemia cells and human herpes simplex virus type 1. the major peak of both action spectra aligned closely with the absorption spectrum of membrane-bound dye monomer, and by implication, the action spectrum of 1o2 generation. these results are compatible with the notion that the antileukemic and antiviral activities of mc540 are primarily attributable to membrane-bound monomer and ... | 1991 | 1665914 |
| potentiating effect of ribavirin on the anti-herpes activity of acyclovir. | the combined antiviral effects of acyclovir (acv) and ribavirin (rbv) on herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and pseudorabies virus (prv) in cell cultures and on experimental hsv-1 keratitis in rabbits were studied. the antiviral activity in vitro was based on cytopathogenicity inhibition and yield reduction. the combination of the two drugs exhibited synergy as evaluated graphically (isobolograms). rbv also potentiated the antiviral effect of acv in vivo, in the experimental hsv-1 keratitis mod ... | 1991 | 1665959 |
| vmw65 phosphorothioate oligonucleotides inhibit hsv kos replication and vmw65 protein synthesis. | phosphorothioate-modified oligomers have been shown to be more stable than natural oligomers to serum and cellular nucleases. for this reason we used these analogs to explore the utility of antisense molecules as potential antiviral agents. the oligomers we studied are complementary to the initiation region of the vmw65 (alpha-tif) gene of hsv-1 which is important both for its structural role and in the transactivation of the alpha genes of hsv. our results demonstrate that vmw65-specific oligom ... | 1991 | 1665960 |
| inhibition of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 replication in vitro by mercurithio analogs of deoxyuridine. | the in vitro antiviral activity of several 5-mercurithio analogs of 2'-deoxyuridine (durd) on the replication of herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) were examined. of those compounds tested, the thioglycerol analog of 5-mercuri-2'-deoxyuridine (hgdurd) was most effective in inhibiting the replication of hsv-1 in kb cells with a 50% inhibitory dose (id50) of 0.001 micrograms/ml while the glutathione analog of hgdurd was the most effective in inhibiting the replication of hsv-2 with ... | 1991 | 1665962 |
| the induction of interferon-alpha and interferon-beta mrna in human natural interferon-producing blood leukocytes requires de novo protein synthesis. | the induction of interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) and ifn-beta mrna in natural ifn producing (nip) cells in cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs), stimulated by glutaraldehyde-fixed herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv)-infected wish cells, was studied. the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (chx) totally prevented the appearance of both ifn-alpha and ifn-beta mrna, also in cultures supplemented with a conditioned medium (cm) assumed to contain soluble factors necessary for ... | 1991 | 1666118 |
| herpes simplex virus latency in the nervous system--a new model. | permissive herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection in tissue culture results in host cell destruction. latent hsv infection in vivo occurs in neurons of peripheral sensory ganglia (psg) and it therefore can not take place in neurons in which the virus has completed a lytic replication cycle similar to that present in vitro. our hypothesis, based on experimental data and observations in humans, suggests that establishment of latent infection and reactivation of hsv-1 does not involve neuronal cell l ... | 1991 | 1666173 |
| virological and clinical characteristics of human herpesvirus 6. | six distinct human herpesviruses have been identified. they include herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), cytomegalovirus (cmv), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), epstein-barr virus and the recently described human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6). with the exception of hsv-2, the members of the family are ubiquitous and infect most of the human population in the first decade of life. hhv-6 possesses morphological and structural features characteristic of members from the herpesvirus family ... | 1991 | 1666441 |
| vaccination against herpesvirus, fiction or reality? | against herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) there are commercially available vaccines which may induce protection against symptoms of primary infections, but not against establishment of latency. effective animal vaccines have been developed against herpes simplex-like viruses, for example pseudorabies vaccine for pigs, and an experimental vaccine can protect cattle against infection with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus. there are also commercially available effective live vaccines again ... | 1991 | 1666442 |
| direct virus inactivation of tachyplesin i and its isopeptides from horseshoe crab hemocytes. | direct virus inactivation of tachyplesin i and related isopeptides, which are antimicrobial peptides isolated from the hemocytes of the horseshoe crab (tachypleus tridentatus and limulus polyphemus), was examined against several viruses. vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) was inactivated by incubation with tachyplesin i and its isopeptides. influenza a (h1n1) virus was slightly inactivated by tachyplesin i, whereas herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, adenovirus 1, reovirus 2 and poliovirus 1 were resist ... | 1991 | 1666545 |
| suppression of ocular herpes recurrences by a thymidine kinase inhibitor in squirrel monkeys. | 5'-ethynylthymidine, an inhibitor of viral thymidine kinase (tk), was given intraperitoneally to squirrel monkeys previously infected by the ocular route with rodanus strain herpes simplex virus. spontaneous ocular recurrences were reduced during therapy, compared to saline-treated controls. this is the first in vivo demonstration that a viral tk inhibitor can reduce recurrences of hsv-1. similar benefit would be expected for hsv-2 and perhaps vzv (varicella zoster virus). | 1991 | 1666825 |
| sequence characteristics of a gene in equine herpesvirus 1 homologous to glycoprotein h of herpes simplex virus. | a gene in equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1, equine abortion virus) homologous to the glycoprotein h gene of herpes simplex virus (hsv) was identified and characterised by its nucleotide and derived amino acid sequence. the ehv-1 gh gene is located at 0.47-0.49 map units and contains an open reading frame capable of specifying a polypeptide of 848 amino acids, including n- and c-terminal hydrophobic domains consistent with signal and membrane anchor regions respectively, and 11 potential sites for n-g ... | 1991 | 1666854 |
| native hsv glycoprotein d subunit vaccine: analysis of in vitro t-cell activation and antigen presentation. | native herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoprotein d (ngd1) subunit vaccine, a potential human vaccine candidate, was examined to determine responsive murine lymphocyte populations in vitro. this vaccine preparation has been shown to protect against hsv challenge in mice and guinea pigs and to elicit humoral and cellular responses in rodents and primates. immunized balb/c mice were used in splenocyte lymphoproliferative studies to analyze the cellular response. after in vivo sensitization, the in vi ... | 1991 | 1667262 |
| [search for antimetabolites among 5-trimethylsilyluracil nucleosides and their nonglycoside analogs]. | the reaction of 2'-deoxy-5-trimethylsilyl(tms)uridine with methanesulfonyl chloride led to the corresponding 3',5'-di-o-mesyl derivative, which was treated with lithium toluylate in dmf to give 2,3'-anhydro-1-(2-deoxy-5-o-p-toluyl-beta-d-xylofurano- syl)-5-tms-uracil. under these conditions 1-(2,3-dideoxy-5-o-p-toluyl-alpha-d- glycero-pent-2-enofuranosyl)-5-tms-uracil was obtained from 1-(2-deoxy-alpha-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-tms-uracil. interaction of 2,3'-anhydronucleoside with lin3 in dmf and succ ... | 1991 | 1667356 |
| isolation and typing of herpes simplex virus from clinical specimens collected at national taiwan university hospital, 1981-1990. | from 1981 to 1990, 10,167 clinical specimens were collected at national taiwan university hospital from the cases with suspected viral infections. three hundred of herpes simplex virus (hsv) were isolated from these samples (isolation rate; 3.0%). one hundred and fifty-one strains were isolated from non-genital, and 149 strains from genital areas. hsv strains were typed by direct immunofluorescence staining technique. the type specific monoclonal antibodies were used in the test. most of the hsv ... | 1991 | 1667988 |
| the use of polymerase chain reaction for the detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2. | 1991 | 1668696 | |
| characterization of herpes simplex virus type 1 dna during latent infection in mice. | micrococcal nuclease digestion technique in combination with spot-blotting hybridization have been used for the characterization of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna in mouse brainstems. two kinds of samples were used i.e. undigested dna from mouse brainstems and dna after prolonged digestion (i.e. for 30 minutes) with micrococcal nuclease from the same source. each sample contained 5 micrograms of dna (concentration was measured after digestion with micrococcal nuclease and isolati ... | 1991 | 1668805 |
| localization of p53, retinoblastoma and host replication proteins at sites of viral replication in herpes-infected cells. | replication of dna occurs at discrete sites in eukaryotic cell nuclei, where replication proteins are clustered into large complexes, or 'replicases'. similarly, viral dna replication is a highly structured process, notably in herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1; reviewed in ref. 4) in which large globular 'replication compartments' containing the viral replication machinery exist. replicating cellular dna redistributes to these compartments upon hsv-1 infection. we have now used antibodies raise ... | 1991 | 1671528 |
| productive infection of cd4+ and cd8+ mature human t cell populations and clones by human herpesvirus 6. transcriptional down-regulation of cd3. | the susceptibility to infection by human herpes-virus 6 (hhv-6) of mature human t lymphocytes belonging to the two major subpopulations (i.e., cd3+ cd4+ cd8- and cd3+ cd4- cd8+) was investigated by using cd4+ or cd8+ t cell populations and clones derived from normal adult peripheral blood. productive hhv-6 infection was observed in both cd4+ and cd8+ t cells. by days 2 to 6 after infection, increasing numbers of cells exhibited characteristic morphologic alterations, becoming enlarged, uniformly ... | 1991 | 1677024 |
| homogeneity and diversity of genome polymorphism in a set of herpes simplex virus type 1 strains classified as the same genotypic group. | restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of 327 strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) isolated in japan were analyzed using six restriction endonucleases (res) recognizing 6 base pairs (bamhi, hindiii, kpni, pvuii, sali, xhoi). the presence of strains with the same rflp profile became evident. fifteen strains of each of the two predominant sets with the same rflp profile were further analyzed using two different methods, that is analyses of rflp using 3 restriction endonucleases ... | 1991 | 1677803 |
| defective neutrophil and lymphocyte function in leucocyte adhesion deficiency. | we report a chinese girl with the moderate phenotype of leucocyte adhesion deficiency (lad), presenting with persistent omphalitis and recurrent soft tissue infections. she had subnormal adhesion-dependent neutrophil functions, such as chemotaxis and chemiluminescence response to a particulate stimulant (opsonised zymosan). despite her adequate humoral response to documented herpes simplex virus type 1, parainfluenza type 2 and adenovirus infection in vivo, there was marked impairment in the gen ... | 1991 | 1677833 |
| concurrent regeneration of t lymphocytes and susceptibility to hsv-1 corneal stromal disease. | in these studies, mice were simultaneously depleted of cd4 and cd8 t lymphocytes (t cell-depleted) by weekly intraperitoneal injections of rat monoclonal antibodies specific for l3t4 and lyt-2 respectively, beginning 1 day before topical corneal infection with kos herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). control mice were mock-depleted by weekly injections of saline. all mice developed dendritic epithelial lesions 2-3 days after infection, which healed within 2 days. fifty percent of the mock-deplet ... | 1991 | 1677883 |
| augmentation of cellular immune function during the early phase of zidovudine treatment of aids patients. | twenty-five patients with aids in aids clinical trials group protocol 002 were treated with either low or high dosages of zidovudine. this resulted in moderate, transient increases by 10 and 20 weeks in lymphocyte blastogenesis and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) production in vitro in response to phytohemagglutinin with and without recombinant interleukin-2. immune responses to cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 antigens were augmented less frequently during therapy. natural killer (n ... | 1991 | 1680135 |
| serological responses to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) analysed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blot (wb). | serological response of 56 patients to primary and recurrent herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and by western blot analysis (wb). elisa test showed a high sensitivity in detecting igg, igm, and iga antibodies. from 27 patients with recurrent infection, 13 (48%) had igm antibody. the percentage of patients positive for iga was similar among those with primary (72.4%) or recurrent (81%) infection. the band pattern in wb alone di ... | 1991 | 1681709 |
| differential susceptibility of a rat glioma cell line and its clones to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | a rat glioma cell line, c6-bu-1, showed differential susceptibility to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2), namely, all the hsv-1 strains tested so far persisted in this cell line but the hsv-2 strains did not. two clones were derived from c6-bu-1 cells and designated c-17 and c-72. the c-72 as well as the parental c6-bu-1 cells supported the replication of hsv-1, but not that of hsv-2. in contrast, c-17 was highly resistant to both hsv-1 and hsv-2. hydrocortisone treatment co ... | 1991 | 1681710 |
| type-common and type-specific monoclonal antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | seventeen monoclonal antibodies (mabs) reacting specifically with the cells infected with herpes simplex viruses type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) were characterized by a variety of immunological tests such as radioimmunoprecipitation, immunoblotting and virus-neutralization. the majority of mabs was directed against glycoprotein b (anti-gb), six reacted with glycoprotein c (anti-gc) and one with glycoprotein g (anti-gg). six anti-gb mabs reacted with both types of hsv (anti-gb-1,2), two anti-gb ... | 1991 | 1681713 |
| the synthesis of the major dna-binding protein (icp8) in cells infected with the strain hszp or kos of herpes simplex virus type 1. | synthesis of the major dna-binding protein (icp8) was investigated in primary rabbit kidney (rk) and vero cells infected with the syncytial (syn) strain hszp or with the non-syn strain kos of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). results showed the following: 1. in contrast to strain kos, the rate of viral polypeptide synthesis was accelerated in vero cells infected with strain hszp. the icp8 could be detected in the nuclei of cells by one hour post-infection (hr p. i.) where it became associated ... | 1991 | 1683115 |
| transneuronal labeling of neurons in rabbit brain after injection of herpes simplex virus type 1 into the aortic depressor nerve. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) was injected into either the aortic depressor nerve or the vagus nerve in the rabbit. four or 5 days after injection of virus, the rabbit brain was processed immunohistochemically to demonstrate viral antigen. after injection into the aortic nerve hsv1 positive cells were found principally ipsilaterally within the nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema, caudal and rostral ventrolateral medulla oblongata, the spinal trigeminal complex, raphe nuclei, a5 area, ... | 1991 | 1685933 |
| pathogenicity and latency competence for rabbits of the herpes simplex virus type 1 angpath gc and ge defective mutants. | a total of 139 rabbits was infected to the right scarified cornea with hsv type 1 strains kupka, ang, angpath and their ge defective (angpathi2-4), gc defective (angpathgc18), gc/ge negative (angpathci-8) and gc/icp4 deletion (angpathy1) mutants. strains ang, angpath, angpathgc18 and angpathy1 were, in contrast to the two ge negative mutants, highly lethal, but 79% of rabbits infected with the non-encephalitogenic kupka strain survived. strain kupka and strain angpath ge-negative mutants i2-4 an ... | 1991 | 1688077 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus in the ependyma of experimentally infected mice. | forty-five swiss albino mice were inoculated with hsv-1 (strain mckrae) by the corneal route. the spread of hsv to the brain stem and the ventricular ependyma was investigated. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to detect hsv-dna in the csf during the course of infection. the ependyma of the third and fourth ventricle and the central canal contained viral antigen at a late stage of infection in up to 60% of mice. at this stage we found that many animals gave a positive pcr in the csf a ... | 1991 | 1688078 |
| the cytoplasmic tail of hiv-1 gp160 contains regions that associate with cellular membranes. | the hiv-1 envelope glycoprotein gp160 associates with cellular membranes via a discrete transmembrane domain. unlike other retroviral envelope proteins, however, gp160 also forms a secondary association with the lipid bilayer mediated by one or more regions located in the cytoplasmic tail. we have expressed the full cytoplasmic tail sequence of gp160, as a fusion protein with the hsv-1 glycoprotein d signal sequence, transiently in a human embryonic kidney cell line. our results show that in the ... | 1991 | 1984664 |
| analysis of dna sequences present in complexes of v-myc and cellular dna. | we have isolated cellular dna sequences from the myelocytomatosis virus-transformed quail fibroblastic cell-line (mc29-q8) by indirect immunoprecipitation of v-myc-dna complexes and subsequent cloning of the dna. the v-myc-dna complexes were obtained from isolated nuclei pretreated with 150 mm salt and indirect immunoprecipitation of the p110 gag-myc protein with the igg of a gag-specific monoclonal antibody. a non-specific monoclonal igg was used as control to account for non-specific interacti ... | 1991 | 1992445 |
| colonization of adrenal glands and ovaries of mice by variants of hsv 1 and 2. ii. histopathological, immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization studies. | the herpes simplex virus (hsv)-infected mouse model was used to correlate histopathological lesions in adrenal glands and ovaries with the localisation of viral nucleic acids and viral antigens, employing in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. in the adrenals, the lesions were mainly restricted to the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis, sometimes extending to the medulla. in the ovaries, lesions were detected in follicles and in the stroma. during the course of infection, hsv nuc ... | 1991 | 2018430 |
| ischaemic myelopathy secondary to disseminated intravascular coagulation in aids. | a 39-year-old patient with aids presented with a rapidly progressive myelopathy with a partial brown-séquard syndrome. he died, 9 weeks after onset of the first neurological signs, from diffuse encephalopathy. neuropathological examination revealed multiple, usually small, frequently haemorrhagic, infarcts or various ages and numerous fibrin thrombi in medium and small penetrating vessels and capillaries of the brain and spinal cord, characteristic of disseminated intravascular coagulation. ther ... | 1991 | 2030375 |
| variables predicting oral mucosal lesions in allogenic bone marrow recipients. | one hundred and forty-eight (72%) of 205 allogenic bone marrow transplant recipients developed mucosal lesions in the oral cavity during the aplastic period after transplantation. lesions were most frequent 8 to 9 days after transplantation. factors that correlated with the development of mucosal lesions after univariate and multivariate analysis were a marrow cell dose of less than 3 x 10(8) cells/kg body weight, (p less than 0.0001), prolonged aplastic period (white blood cell count less than ... | 1991 | 2037474 |
| early loss of astrocytes in herpes simplex virus-induced central nervous system demyelination. | immunohistochemistry was used to study herpes simplex virus type 1-induced central nervous system demyelination in the trigeminal root entry zone of mice inoculated with herpes simplex virus type 1 by the corneal route. there was no change in peripheral nervous system myelin as shown by immunostaining for p0 glycoprotein. double immunoperoxidase staining for herpes simplex virus type 1 antigens and glial fibrillary acidic protein showed that most of the infected cells were astrocytes. glial fibr ... | 1991 | 2042945 |
| [amoebic keratitis caused by acanthamoeba sp. may hsv1 infection play a role?]. | many cases of human keratitis with acanthamoeba sp. have a pseudo-herpetic appearance. the authors therefore evaluated the importance of co-infection with this virus in the onset of amoebic cornean lesions. after herpetic and amoebic co-infection rabbits showed severe cornean lesions, the viral aspect of cornea received a specific treatment. the amoebic co-infection progressed unchecked with severe lesions until day 37 p.i., in which trophozoites and cysts were numerous. the possible favourising ... | 1991 | 2050960 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of 5-heteroaryl-substituted 2'-deoxyuridines. | the synthesis of 5-heteroaryl-substituted 2'-deoxyuridines is described. the heteroaromatics were obtained from three different 5-substituted 2'-deoxyuridines. cycloaddition reaction of nitrile oxides on the 5-ethynyl derivative 1 gave the isoxazoles 4a-e. the thiazole derivatives 14a-c were obtained from the 5-thiocarboxamide 11, while 5-pyrrol-1-yl-2'-deoxyuridine (17) could be synthesized directly from 5-amino-2'-deoxyuridine. the compounds were evaluated for antiviral activity. selective act ... | 1991 | 2061920 |
| nucleic acid related compounds. 65. new syntheses of 1-(beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5(e)-(2-iodovinyl)uracil (ivarau) from vinylsilane precursors. radioiodine uptake as a marker for thymidine kinase positive herpes viral infections. | (trimethylsilyl)acetylene was coupled with 1-(2,3,5-tri-o-acetyl-beta-d- arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil to give 1- (2,3,5-tri-o-acetyl-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-[2-(trimethylsilyl)eth yny l] uracil. lindlar hydrogenation of 4 gave 1-(2,3,4-tri-o-acetyl-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5(z)-[2- (trimethylsilyl)vinyl]uracil. treatment of 5 with iodine monochloride (or sodium iodide/phenyliodine(iii) dichloride) in benzene gave 1-(2,3,5-tri-o-acetyl-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5(e)-(2-iodovinyl)uracil (7), w ... | 1991 | 2067000 |
| efficacy of (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine in various models of herpes simplex virus infection in mice. | the phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivative (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine (hpmpc) was evaluated for its in vivo efficacy in several model infections for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) and thymidine kinase-deficient (tk-) hsv-1 in mice. in hairless mice infected intracutaneously with hsv-1 or hsv-2, hpmpc completely suppressed all manifestations of the disease (skin lesions, paralysis of the hind legs, and mortality) if it was administered topically at a co ... | 1991 | 2069375 |
| severe herpes simplex virus hepatitis following autologous bone marrow transplantation: successful treatment with high dose intravenous acyclovir. | a 17-year-old male patient with t-cell type lymphoblastic lymphoma in complete remission underwent high dose chemotherapy (busulfan 16 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg) followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (abmt). the patient had been taking oral acyclovir (200 mg x 5) daily from seven days prior to the abmt (day -7). on day +24, he complained of epigastralgia and general malaise, and the next day his got and gpt rose to 570 u/l and 397 u/l, respectively. although he had no muc ... | 1991 | 1753418 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 infections presenting at birth. | two cases of intra-uterine acquired neonatal herpes simplex type i presented with atypical skin lesions apparent at or shortly after birth; the timing and appearance of the lesions meant that herpes virus infections were not considered to be the most likely diagnosis. once herpes simplex was diagnosed, both infants were treated with acyclovir. prompt diagnosis and institution of acyclovir are imperative for a favourable outcome from neonatal herpes infections. | 1991 | 1756078 |
| effect of dsrna from phi 6 bacteriophage on herpetic infection in cell culture and an animal model. | the double-stranded (ds) rna from phi 6 bacteriophage inhibited herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 infection in ma-104 cells but not in vero cells. hsv-2 was more sensitive to this effect than hsv-1, with the hsv-2 ed50 being 0.25 micrograms/ml and the hsv-1 ed50 1.68 micrograms/ml. on genital infection by hsv-2 in guinea pigs, phi 6 dsrna was more effective by intravaginal (p less than 0.05) than by intraperitoneal administration. a single dose of dsrna of 600 micrograms/kg by intrav ... | 1991 | 1774466 |
| a recombinant hiv provirus is synergistically activated by the hiv tat protein and the hsv ie1 protein but not by the hsv ie3 protein. | to study the effects of regulatory proteins encoded by herpes viruses on the hiv long terminal repeat (ltr) in the presence or absence of hiv-encoded regulatory products, we prepared a proviral construct containing 5' and 3' hiv ltr, but lacking the coding sequences of any hiv proteins. this construct allowed the effects of herpesvirus regulatory proteins on the hiv ltr to be assessed in a construct similar to the hiv provirus whilst also allowing their interactions with hiv-encoded regulatory p ... | 1991 | 1777175 |
| advantages of multiple cell culture systems for detection of mixed-virus infections. | simultaneous infections by two or more viruses occur frequently, especially in immunosuppressed patients. in order to detect more than one viral agent in a single specimen, multiple cell systems have been employed in our laboratory. specimens are routinely inoculated into four different cell cultures, namely: mrc-5, a human diploid lung fibroblast cell strain; a549, a human continuous cell line; primary guinea pig embryo (gpe) cell culture, and primary rhesus monkey kidney (rhmk) cell culture. f ... | 1991 | 1783674 |
| synthesis and biological activity of pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine, [1,3]thiazino[3,2-a]purine and [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d][1,3]thiazino[3,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives and thiazole analogues. | some series of thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine, pyrimido[2,1-b] [1,3]thiazine, thiazolo[3,2-a]purine, [1,3]thiazino[3,2-a]purine, thiazolo[3,2-a][1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine and [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d][1,3]thiazino[3,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives, variously functionalized, were prepared. the compounds were tested for antimicrobial and antimycotic activity on a number of strains, namely: e. coli, proteus vulgaris, p. mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella sp., staphylococcus aureus, s. faecalis, ... | 1991 | 1793474 |
| the temporal relationship of psychosocial stress to cellular immunity and herpes labialis recurrences. | this study used a prospective single-subject study design and time series analysis for repeated measures data to investigate the hypothesis that variations in psychosocial stress are associated with changes in cellular immunity in a study subject with recurrent herpes labialis. a study subject who was antibody positive for hsv-1 but reported no clinical manifestations of disease served as a control. psychosocial stress, as measured by a questionnaire; cellular immunity, as measured by the monocl ... | 1991 | 1794671 |
| comparison of four techniques of measles diagnosis: virus isolation, immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase & elisa. | in an attempt to develop reliable, quick, simple and less expensive methods for diagnosing measles in rural areas, a study was undertaken in december, 1989, at the main health centre in yaoundé, during the measles outbreak, which allowed access to 80 per cent of children living in yaoundé. during the epidemic, 120 cases of measles were detected (clinically diagnosed) among the 1580 children examined. the control group comprised 120 children without symptoms of measles. sick and control children ... | 1991 | 1797639 |
| inactivation of enveloped viruses by anthraquinones extracted from plants. | to determine the extent of antiviral activity present in a number of plant extracts, hot glycerin extracts were prepared from rheum officinale, aloe barbadensis, rhamnus frangula, rhamnus purshianus, and cassia angustifolia and their virucidal effects were tested against herpes simplex virus type 1. all the plant extracts inactivated the virus. the active components in these plants were separated by thin-layer chromatography and identified as anthraquinones. a purified sample of aloe emodin was ... | 1991 | 1810179 |
| characterization of herpes simplex virus type 2 latency-associated transcription in human sacral ganglia and in cell culture. | the ability of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) to establish latency in and reactivate from sacral dorsal root sensory ganglia is the basis for recurrent genital herpes. the expression of hsv-2 genes in latently infected human sacral ganglia was investigated by in situ hybridization. hybridizations with a probe from the long repeat region of hsv-2 revealed strong nuclear signals overlying neurons in sacral ganglia from five of nine individuals. the rna detected overlaps with the transcript fo ... | 1991 | 1845807 |
| mutational analysis of the sequence encoding icp0 from herpes simplex virus type 1. | in-frame codon insertion and deletion mutants were constructed in a plasmid containing the sequence that encodes icp0, a transcriptional activator of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the effect of these mutations was analyzed in a transient expression assay using the promoters for, the ie-0 gene (an immediate early (alpha) gene), the thymidine kinase gene (an early (beta) gene), and the glycoprotein c gene (a late (gamma) gene) fused to reporter cassettes that encoded either beta-galactosida ... | 1991 | 1845823 |
| the herpes simplex virus ul33 gene product is required for the assembly of full capsids. | phenotypic analysis of the herpes simplex virus type 1 temperature-sensitive dna-positive mutant, ts1233, revealed that the mutant had a structural defect at the nonpermissive temperature (npt). cells infected with ts1233 at the npt contained large numbers of intermediate capsids, lacking dense cores but possessing some internal structure. no full capsids or enveloped virus particles were detected. in contrast to the defect in another packaging-deficient mutant ts1201, the block in the formation ... | 1991 | 1845831 |
| type-specific identification of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus antigen in autopsy tissues. | to identify antigens of herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in human tissue, polyclonal antisera and an immunoperoxidase method were used to examine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from autopsy cases and experimentally infected animals. these antisera readily distinguished between hsv and vzv antigen, with no evident cross-reactivity. antiser ato hsv-1 and hsv-2 were more strongly reactive with antigen of the homologous virus than with that of hete ... | 1991 | 1845866 |
| in vitro mrna degradation system to study the virion host shutoff function of herpes simplex virus. | the virion host shutoff (vhs) gene of herpes simplex virus encodes a virion polypeptide that induces degradation of host mrnas at early times and rapid turnover of viral mrnas throughout infection. to better investigate the vhs function, an in vitro mrna degradation system was developed, consisting of cytoplasmic extracts from hela cells infected with wild-type herpes simplex virus type 1 or a mutant encoding a defective vhs polypeptide. host and viral mrnas were degraded rapidly in extracts fro ... | 1991 | 1845879 |
| the three major immediate-early transcripts of bovine herpesvirus 1 arise from two divergent and spliced transcription units. | among 54 transcripts expressed in a temporal cascade during lytic infection with bovine herpesvirus 1, we have previously identified three major immediate-early (ie) rnas, ier4.2 (4.2 kb), ier2.9 (2.9 kb), and ier1.7 (1.6 to 1.8 kb depending on the virus strain) transcribed from the hindiii c genome region (u. v. wirth, k. gunkel, m. engels, and m. schwyzer, j. virol. 63:4882-4889, 1989). northern (rna) blot, s1 nuclease protection, and primer extension analysis used in the present study demonst ... | 1991 | 1845884 |
| the promoter, transcriptional unit, and coding sequence of herpes simplex virus 1 family 35 proteins are contained within and in frame with the ul26 open reading frame. | the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) genome specifies an abundant capsid protein which in denaturing gels forms multiple bands designated family 35 proteins (d.k. braun, b. roizman, and l. pereira, j. virol. 49:142-153, 1984). nucleotide-sequencing studies have assigned the coding sequences of these proteins to the open reading frame ul26 (d.j. mcgeoch, m.a. dalrymple, a.j. davidson, a. dolan, m.c. frame, d. mcnab, l.j. perry, j.e. scott, and p. taylor, j. gen. virol. 69:1531-1574, 1988). in studi ... | 1991 | 1845885 |
| activities of heterodimers composed of dna-binding- and transactivation-deficient subunits of the herpes simplex virus regulatory protein icp4. | two mutant strains (vi12 and vi13) of herpes simplex virus that contain insertion mutations in the sequences that encode the dna-binding domain of viral regulatory protein icp4 were generated. both mutations disrupted specific dna binding and resulted in transcriptionally inactive molecules; however, the ability of the mutant proteins to form dimers was retained. the mutant proteins formed heterodimers with an icp4 deletion mutant (x25) that is nonfunctional but retains the ability to bind to co ... | 1991 | 1845890 |
| differential rates of processing and transport of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins gb and gc. | the kinetics of processing and transport of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoproteins gb and gc was investigated. the conversion of precursor to mature forms and the appearance of the glycoproteins at the infected-cell surface at different times postinfection (p.i.) were studied. gb, synthesized at 4 h p.i., was converted to the mature form with a half-time (t1/2) of 120 min and appeared at the plasma membrane with a t1/2 of 270 min. the gb synthesized at later times p.i. (6, 8, and 10.5 ... | 1991 | 1845906 |
| the promoter of the latency-associated transcripts of herpes simplex virus type 1 contains a functional camp-response element: role of the latency-associated transcripts and camp in reactivation of viral latency. | a 203-base-pair sequence 5' of the latency-associated transcripts (lats) of herpes simplex virus type 1 contains a 7-base consensus sequence tgcgtca that is identical to the camp-response element of the proenkephalin gene. this consensus sequence is at -38 relative to the putative 5' end of the lats with a tata box at the -24 position. in transient chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays in rat pheochromocytoma (pc12) cells, this enhancer region stimulated gene expression up to 3-fold in the pr ... | 1991 | 1846042 |
| critical structural elements of the vp16 transcriptional activation domain. | virion protein 16 (vp16) of herpes simplex virus type 1 contains an acidic transcriptional activation domain. missense mutations within this domain have provided insights into the structural elements critical for its function. net negative charge contributed to, but was not sufficient for, transcriptional activation by vp16. a putative amphipathic alpha helix did not appear to be an important structural component of the activation domain. a phenylalanine residue at position 442 was exquisitely s ... | 1991 | 1846049 |
| herpes simplex virus transactivator icp4 operationally substitutes for the cellular transcription factor sp1 for efficient expression of the viral thymidine kinase gene. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) icp4 protein is a transcriptional activator of many eucaryotic rna polymerase ii promoters. the hsv-1 thymidine kinase gene (tk) promoter is induced by icp4 and contains binding sites for the cellular transcription factors tfiid, sp1, and ccaat-binding proteins, each of which affects expression of the tk gene. in this study, the effects of mutations in these sites on the transcription of tk in the presence and absence of icp4 were determined during viral i ... | 1991 | 1846184 |
| structure of the herpes simplex virus capsid: effects of extraction with guanidine hydrochloride and partial reconstitution of extracted capsids. | viral b capsids were purified from cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 and extracted in vitro with 2.0 m guanidine hydrochloride (guhcl). sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel analyses demonstrated that extraction resulted in the removal of greater than 95% of capsid proteins vp22a and vp26 while there was only minimal (less than 10%) loss of vp5 (the major capsid protein), vp19, and vp23. electron microscopic analysis of extracted capsids revealed that the pentons and the materi ... | 1991 | 1846187 |
| isolation of a herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant deleted for the essential ul42 gene and characterization of its null phenotype. | we isolated a cell line, designated v9, stably transformed with the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ul42 gene, which is one of seven genes required in trans for the replication of plasmids containing an hsv origin of replication (c. a. wu, n. j. nelson, d. j. mcgeoch, and m. d. challberg, j. virol. 62:435-443, 1988). v9 cells inducibly expressed the product of the ul42 gene, the 65-kda dna-binding protein (65kdbp), and were used as a permissive host to construct a mutant virus deleted for th ... | 1991 | 1846193 |
| mechanisms of protection against herpes simplex virus type 1-induced retinal necrosis by in vitro-activated t lymphocytes. | in balb/c mice, acute retinal necrosis occurs in the uninoculated eye 8 to 10 days following uniocular anterior chamber inoculation of the kos strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). retinitis in the uninjected eye can be prevented if hsv-1-specific immune effector cells that have been restimulated with virus in vitro are administered intravenously within 1 day of anterior chamber inoculation of virus. we explored further the mechanism of protection afforded by these activated immune effe ... | 1991 | 1846197 |
| analysis of the herpes simplex virus type 1 promoter controlling the expression of ul38, a true late gene involved in capsid assembly. | the cistrons encoding the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ul37 and ul38 genes are adjacent to one another but are transcribed from opposite strands of the viral dna. the ul37 gene encodes a 1,123-amino-acid protein of unknown function, while the 465-amino-acid ul38 protein is involved in capsid assembly. previous work from our laboratory indicated that the transcripts encoding these proteins are expressed with significantly different kinetics in productive infection. in the present communica ... | 1991 | 1846198 |
| a second-site revertant of a defective herpes simplex virus icp4 protein with restored regulatory activities and impaired dna-binding properties. | a mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1, vi12, encodes a dna-binding- and transactivation-deficient icp4 polypeptide. because of the mutation, the vi12 virus does not grow on vero cells but must be propagated on cells that express complementing levels of wild-type icp4 (e5 cells). a pseudorevertant of vi12, designated pri12, was isolated on the basis of the restored ability to replicate on vero cells. in addition to the original i12 insertion mutation at amino acid 320, the icp4 molecule express ... | 1991 | 1846199 |
| role of herpes simplex virus type 1 ul46 and ul47 in alpha tif-mediated transcriptional induction: characterization of three viral deletion mutants. | the transcriptional induction of the alpha or immediate-early gene class of herpes simplex virus type 1 effected by the alpha trans-induction factor (alpha tif, icp25, vp16, vmw65) requires an alpha-specific cis-acting site. increased transcription does not result from the direct, independent binding of alpha tif, but rather from an alpha tif-dependent formation of a protein-dna complex containing, in addition to alpha tif, at least one host cell factor. one of the host factors is a pou domain p ... | 1991 | 1846201 |
| human cytomegalovirus ie2 negatively regulates alpha gene expression via a short target sequence near the transcription start site. | repression of human cytomegalovirus alpha (immediate-early) gene expression is under the control of the viral ie2 gene. here we show that ie2 negatively regulates gene expression directed by the strong cytomegalovirus enhancer via a specific 15-bp target sequence (which we term cis repression signal [crs]). this crs is located between -14 and +1 relative to the transcription start site and will function in an orientation-independent fashion, consistent with repression occurring at the transcript ... | 1991 | 1846203 |
| the open reading frames ul3, ul4, ul10, and ul16 are dispensable for the replication of herpes simplex virus 1 in cell culture. | by means of insertion and deletion mutagenesis, we have constructed four herpes simplex virus 1 recombinants, each lacking most sequences encoding a different open reading frame. the deleted genes are located in the unique sequences of the long component and include those designated ul3, ul4, ul10, and ul16. the recombinant virus r7211 lacks 579 of the 696 bp of ul3. the recombinant virus r7217 lacks 307 of the 597 bp of the ul4 open reading frame. r7216 contains a 972-bp deletion within the 1,4 ... | 1991 | 1846207 |
| isolation and characterization of a functional cdna encoding icp0 from herpes simplex virus type 1. | the ie-0 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) contains two introns and encodes icp0, a powerful transcriptional activator. we have isolated a cdna clone that encodes icp0 from a lambda gt10 cdna library constructed from rnas made from hsv-1-infected hela cells. dna sequence analysis of this clone confirmed the predicted intron/exon boundaries (l. j. perry, f. j. rixon, r. d. everett, m. c. frame, and d. j. mcgeoch, j. gen. virol. 67:2365-2380, 1986). following transfection, a plasmid cont ... | 1991 | 1846209 |
| upstream promoter elements of the herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein h gene. | to investigate the cis-acting sequence elements that are involved in the regulation of herpes simplex virus type 1 late-gene expression, recombinant viruses were constructed that express the escherichia coli lacz gene from the promoter of the glycoprotein h (gh) gene. deletion experiments established an upstream boundary for the gh promoter of no more than 83 bp from the start of gh transcription and showed that the promoter sequences did not overlap with coding sequences of the upstream thymidi ... | 1991 | 1846210 |
| clinical manifestations of primary herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in a closed community. | the clinical features and the molecular epidemiology of primary herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection among children younger than 3 years of age were investigated in day-care nursery. serial sera were assayed for anti-hsv-1 glycoprotein b antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. serologic examinations revealed 55 cases of primary hsv infection during the observation period. fifty-one of them (93%) had typical herpetic gingivostomatitis, showing a high rate of clinically overt infec ... | 1991 | 1846235 |
| protection against zosteriform spread of herpes simplex virus by monoclonal antibodies. | the in vivo protective role of herpes simplex virus (hsv-1)-specific antibody was analyzed using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) reactive with discrete antigenic sites on glycoproteins b, c, and d (gb, gc, gd) in the murine zosteriform spread model of hsv-1. all of the anti-gc and anti-gd mabs, and one of four anti-gb mabs (b6) were protective. the in vitro abilities of the mabs to neutralize hsv-1 and mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) against hsv-1-infected cells were examine ... | 1991 | 1846388 |
| herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoprotein h is partially processed in a cell line that expresses the glycoprotein and fully processed in cells infected with deletion or ts mutants in the known hsv glycoproteins. | cell lines that constitutively express herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein h (gh-1) failed to synthesize the mature form of gh and accumulated a precursor-like form of the glycoprotein, which was retained intracellularly, most likely in rer. fine-structure analysis of the oligosaccharides present in recombinant gh revealed oligosaccharides processed by rer enzymes; sialylated complex-type and biantennary oligosaccharides, which are assembled in the trans-golgi, were absent. a small fract ... | 1991 | 1846486 |
| the vmw175 binding site in the ie-1 promoter has no apparent role in the expression of vmw110 during herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. | the immediate-early (ie) genes of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) are the first to be expressed during infection in tissue culture. since they are transcribed at abnormally high levels in the absence of ie protein synthesis they appear to be subject to repression during normal infection. one of the major hsv-1 regulatory proteins, vmw175 (the product of ie gene 3), is required for normal ie gene regulation since mutations which inactivate it lead to abnormally high levels of ie gene expressi ... | 1991 | 1846487 |
| mechanism of inhibition of hsv-1 replication by tumor necrosis factor and interferon gamma. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) synergizes with interferon (ifn gamma) in the blockade of hsv-1 replication. antibodies against ifn beta block this synergism, implying a role of ifn beta in the antiviral activity of tnf plus ifn gamma. ifn beta 1 added exogenously to hep-2 cells shows antiviral activity against hsv-1 only at high concentrations, whereas ifn beta 2 (also known as il-6) alone has no effect on the replication of vsv or hsv-1 even when 1,000 u/ml are present. our results are in accordan ... | 1991 | 1846503 |
| the herpes simplex virus 1 origin binding protein: a dna helicase. | a recombinant herpes simplex 1 origin binding protein, the product of the herpes ul9 gene, has been overexpressed in mammalian cells and purified to near homogeneity. the origin binding protein shows dna-dependent nucleoside 5'-triphosphatase and dna helicase activities in addition to its origin binding activity. the ability to hydrolyze nucleoside 5'-triphosphates is influenced strongly by the structure and sequence of the dna cofactor. the properties of the recombinant origin binding protein a ... | 1991 | 1846632 |
| inhibition of transient gene expression with plasmids encoding herpes simplex virus type 1 ul55 and alpha genes. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) subgenomic sequences from 0.743 to 0.782 map units have been molecularly cloned as plasmid at1 and shown to inhibit stable dna-mediated gene transformation of ltk- cells with the hsv-1 thymidine kinase (tk) gene. here it is shown that at1 also inhibits transient gene expression. expression from the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene under the control of either the hsv-1 tk gene or the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) promoter was inhibited when cotransfected ... | 1991 | 1846642 |
| detection of hsv-1 dna in patients with behçet's syndrome and in patients with recurrent oral ulcers by the polymerase chain reaction. | the polymerase chain reaction was used to detect hsv-1 dna in genomic dna extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes, in patients with behçet's syndrome (bs), patients with recurrent oral ulcers and normal healthy controls. a 211-bp hsv-1 dna fragment was found in a significant number of patients with bs (p less than 0.02). serum anti-hsv-1 antibodies were also found in a higher proportion of patients with bs (p less than 0.02) than in healthy controls. however, virus-specific dna was not detect ... | 1991 | 1846653 |
| the interaction of icp4 with cell/infected-cell factors and its state of phosphorylation modulate differential recognition of leader sequences in herpes simplex virus dna. | regulation of herpes simplex virus (hsv) gene expression requires the synthesis of functional icp4, a phosphoprotein that binds to several specific sites in virus dna and acts in trans either to activate or to repress transcription of the three major kinetic classes of virus genes. binding of icp4 to specific sites in alpha genes (which are the first to be transcribed) causes repression of alpha-gene expression. icp4 also indirectly participates in the formation of dna-protein complexes with seq ... | 1991 | 1846804 |
| transplantation of syngeneic transfected cells to probe the in vivo immune response to viral proteins. | balb/3t3 cells were transfected with the glycoprotein d (gd) gene of herpes simplex virus (hsv) and a cell line expressing gd on the cell surface was isolated. in vitro, 51cr release tests showed that the transfected cells were destroyed by anti-hsv antibody in the presence of complement. to investigate in vivo immune response, the gd-transfected cells were transplanted into the footpads of syngeneic hsv-immunized or unimmunized balb/c mice. in unimmunized mice, transfected cells remained intact ... | 1991 | 1846831 |