Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [pulmonary infection with pneumocystis carinii]. | the author present extensive review on pulmonary infection with pneumocystis carinii. he deals with the following aspects: history, pathophysiology, clinical picture and diagnosis. diagnostic methods used at present are described in great detail. therapy and prevention are not discussed. | 1994 | 7975365 |
| fulminant reexpansion pulmonary edema in a patient with aids. | a 23-year-old man with aids presented to the emergency department with recurrent spontaneous pneumothoraces secondary to recent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. shortly after placement of bilateral pigtail catheters for chest reexpansion, he developed fatal unilateral reexpansion pulmonary edema. the association between p carinii pneumonia and pneumothorax, and the risk factors and pathophysiology of reexpansion pulmonary edema are reviewed. emergency physicians should recognize that reexpansion ... | 1994 | 7978577 |
| adverse cutaneous reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are predisposed to cutaneous drug reactions. the reasons are poorly understood and the circumstances in which such patients can be treated through hypersensitivity are a matter of discussion. we assessed the value of clinical and laboratory parameters for predicting trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced skin reactions and the effects of continued trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy in such patients. we retrospectively studied all episodes of ... | 1994 | 7979438 |
| detection of pneumocystis dna in nasopharyngeal aspirates of leukaemic infants with pneumonia. | the technique of polymerase chain reaction was used to detect pneumocystis carinii dna in nasopharyngeal secretions of three infants with leukaemia who had the clinical features of p carinii pneumonia. the use of this non-invasive technique allowed the early diagnosis and treatment of these infants whose protocols did not include the use of prophylactic co-trimoxazole. | 1994 | 7979502 |
| management of adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is an important medication for the treatment and prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. use of this medication has been limited by the high frequency of adverse reactions that occur in patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease. this article reviews the incidence and spectrum of adverse reactions and options for continuing therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in human immunodeficiency virus ... | 1994 | 7979835 |
| the continuing utility of bronchoalveolar lavage to diagnose opportunistic infection in aids patients. | to determine whether bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) remains a useful technique in assessing human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with pulmonary symptoms. | 1994 | 7985710 |
| albendazole inhibits pneumocystis carinii proliferation in inoculated immunosuppressed mice. | albendazole, a benzimidazole derivative widely used for treating helminth infections, was successfully used to treat and prevent development of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in transtracheally inoculated immunosuppressed mice. for treatment, 3 weeks postinoculation, albendazole at 300 and 600 mg/kg of body weight per day was administered in food for 3 weeks. for prophylaxis, albendazole was begun on the same day as inoculation at 300 mg/kg/day for 7 days, and then the dose was reduced to 150 mg ... | 1994 | 7986016 |
| pneumocystis carinii is resistant to imidazole antifungal agents. | because pneumocystis carinii is closely related to fungi, drugs useful for treating mycoses have been considered for use in the treatment of p. carinii pneumonia. six antifungal imidazole drugs were tested for their activities against p. carinii in a short-term culture screen and in animals. none of the imidazoles tested was effective in inoculated infected rats, and only miconazole showed slight effects in culture at the high concentration of 10 micrograms/ml. analysis of cell membranes from cu ... | 1994 | 7986021 |
| [cytomegalovirus pneumopathies in pediatric intensive care units]. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection can result in major complications in immunocompromised infants and children. cmv pneumonia may be difficult to diagnose and the true pathogenic role of the virus in the disease is not always clear. this report describes a cohort of 20 children who suffered from cmv pneumonia. | 1994 | 7987439 |
| comparison of ballard catheter bronchoalveolar lavage with bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage. | bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) in mechanically ventilated patients requires a large endotracheal tube, physician expertise, expensive equipment, and support staff. | 1994 | 7988195 |
| geographical pathology profile of aids in puerto rico: the first decade. | postmortem histopathological changes in 100 adult patients with aids who died in puerto rico from 1982 to 1991 were studied and tabulated. modes of hiv transmission were reviewed. patient ages ranged from 21 to 60 yr. gender composition for the patient group was 83 men (average age, 35 yr) and 17 women (average age, 39 yr). sixty-eight of the patients were injecting-drug users, 20 were homosexual and bisexual men, seven were women who had had heterosexual contact with men at risk for hiv, and on ... | 1994 | 7991523 |
| prophylaxis of toxoplasmosis infection with pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine (fansidar) in bone marrow transplant recipients. | prophylaxis against toxoplasmosis with weekly administration of pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine (fansidar) was assessed for efficacy and toxicity in bone marrow transplant (bmt) recipients over a 21 month period. sixty-nine of 90 consecutive seropositive patients were evaluable. fansidar was administered from the time of established engraftment (median day 40, range days 13-100). medication was scheduled to be continued until 6 months or longer in cases of continued immunosuppression (median 10 months ... | 1994 | 7994239 |
| [current alternatives in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids]. | 1994 | 7996899 | |
| update of the rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases. i: bacteria, fungi and parasites. | the application of monoclonal antibodies and dna probes in the clinical microbiology laboratory has resulted in an array of rapid diagnostic tests. the immunofluorescent assay or enzyme-linked immunoassay is widely used in the rapid diagnosis of bacteria eg group a streptococcus, legionella pneumophila, mycoplasma pneumoniae, bordetella pertussis; parasites eg chlamydia tachomatis, cryptosporidium species; and fungi eg pneumocystis carinii. the bactec system was first introduced to detect bacter ... | 1994 | 7997914 |
| higher socioeconomic status is associated with slower progression of hiv infection independent of access to health care. | in order to identify socioeconomic characteristics associated with slower progression of hiv infection, we conducted a nested case-control study within a cohort of 729 homosexual men. the study compared non-progressors (defined as subjects who, at a follow-up visit during the period october 1989-december 1990, had been hiv positive for at least 5 years, had a cd4 count > 0.5 x 10(9)/l, had a karnofsky score of 100%, were at centers for disease control (cdc) stage iii or less, and had never recei ... | 1994 | 7904296 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during therapy with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-cda)]. | we report the case of a 70-year-old patient with b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. during therapy with the new purine analog 2-chloro-deoxyadenosine (2-cda) the patient developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). although the mechanism of action of 2-cda suggests the incidence of opportunistic infections and therefore pneumocystis pneumonia, this is the first case of pcp among 140 patients of the swiss study of 2-cda. the mechanism of action of 2-cda is described and the occurrence of pcp ... | 1994 | 7905206 |
| severity and outcome of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients of known and unknown hiv status. | of 170 western australian patients who had their first aids-defining illness between 1 january 1983 and 31 december 1991, 61 (36%) were of unknown hiv antibody status (aids presenters), while 109 (64%) were of known hiv antibody status (hiv presenters). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was less common as the aids-defining illness in hiv presenters (41% versus 62%, p = 0.005). in this study of 70 patients with pcp as the index aids diagnosis, 36 were hiv presenters and 34 were aids presenters ... | 1994 | 7905524 |
| cd4 t cell count as predictor of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children born to mothers infected with hiv. european collaborative study group. | to assess the value of cd4 t cell count in predicting pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants born to mothers infected with hiv, with reference to the guidelines from the centers for disease control on prophylaxis against pneumocystis. | 1994 | 7907246 |
| changes in aids survival time in two san francisco cohorts of homosexual men, 1983 to 1993. | during the first decade since the recognition of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), new therapies have been introduced and the frequency of clinical manifestations has changed. the impact of these changes on aids survival, however, has not been well characterized. | 1994 | 7908703 |
| nih conference. recent advances in the management of aids-related opportunistic infections. | secondary infections remain the leading cause of death in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). dealing with the rapidly evolving spectrum of infectious problems seen in patients with aids requires knowledge of current therapeutic and prophylactic strategies. through an extensive preclinical trials network supported by both industry and government, an increasing number of new agents are being identified and rapidly moved into clinical trials. several agents are now availab ... | 1994 | 7909657 |
| preventive care among hiv-positive patients in a general medicine practice. | we randomly selected a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive patients from a large university-based general medicine practice to determine how often recommended disease prevention services are received. we used a standardized medical record review protocol to gather data from the records of 159 randomly selected hiv-positive adults followed in a university general medicine practice. we set 80% as the minimum acceptable rate of receipt of each recommended preventive service. withi ... | 1994 | 7909673 |
| survival differences in european patients with aids, 1979-89. the aids in europe study group. | to examine the pattern of survival and factors associated with the outcome of disease in patients with aids. | 1994 | 7909698 |
| tuberculosis in patients with hiv infection who receive corticosteroids for presumed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to determine if the use of corticosteroids for presumed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia exacerbated undiagnosed tuberculosis or increased the likelihood of reactivation tuberculosis, we reviewed medical records of 144 hospitalized hiv-infected patients who received antipneumocystis therapy. ninety-four patients (group c) received corticosteroids and 50 patients (group nc) did not. one hundred and thirty-seven patients (97%) had acid-fast stains and mycobacterial cultures performed. group c and gr ... | 1994 | 7911709 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and tuberculosis in an human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative patient without evidence of the idiopathic cd4+ t lymphopenia syndrome. | 1994 | 7912115 | |
| prophylaxis of opportunistic infections in persons with hiv infection. | morbidity and mortality associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is most often related to associated opportunistic infections. | 1994 | 7913002 |
| efficacy of primary chemoprophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during the first year of life in infants infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | to evaluate the efficacy of primary chemoprophylaxis in preventing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in infants with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection during the first year of life, we conducted a retrospective chart review of infants with human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection born at new york university medical center-bellevue hospital center, in new york. between march 1989 and march 1993, 24 infants received primary chemoprophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in ... | 1994 | 7915306 |
| the aids epidemic. | the nature of the clinical presentation of hiv infection continues to evolve over time. new cutaneous (e.g., seborrheic dermatitis, onychomycosis, and tinea pedis) and systemic (e.g., aspergillus fumigatus and penicillium marneffei) opportunistic fungal infections can now be added to the classic clinical markers for progressive hiv infection, such as kaposi's sarcoma, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, mycobacterium avium intercellulare infections, and cryptococcal meningitis. the fact that the app ... | 1994 | 7915731 |
| use of cd4 lymphocyte count to predict long-term survival free of aids after hiv infection. | to estimate the probability of remaining free of aids for up to 25 years after infection with hiv by extrapolation of changes in cd4 lymphocyte count. | 1994 | 7916226 |
| [the inhalational therapy of respiratory pathology]. | the inhalation of aerosolized drugs for therapeutic purpose has been used for many years in respiratory diseases as asthma, chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis. therapeutic aerosols have the advantages to deliver active substances directly to the site of disease, without systemic side effects, to produce a more rapid clinical response, to avoid barriers to the absorption of drugs such as the gastrointestinal tract. we review the mechanisms and the site of lung deposition and the range of devices ... | 1994 | 7885949 |
| ultrastructural localization of monoclonal antibodies against pneumocystis carinii. differentiation between developmental stage and host origin. | the ultrastructural immunolocalization of target antigens recognized by two monoclonal antibodies against pneumocystis carinii was investigated using both human- and rat-derived organism. labelling was seen using both cryo electron microscopy and postembedding in epon after fixation in glutaraldehyde. the antibodies showed different host species- and developmental stage specificity. one of the antibodies reacted with the outer membrane of all developmental stages of human-derived but not rat-der ... | 1994 | 7888158 |
| dysregulation of interleukin 8, interleukin 10, and interleukin 12 release by alveolar macrophages from hiv type 1-infected subjects. | we examined the in vitro release of interleukin 8 (il-8), interleukin 10 (il-10), and interleukin 12 (il-12) by alveolar macrophages from normal volunteers and hiv-1-infected subjects. normal volunteers had very low levels of il-8 and il-10 and undetectable il-12 in the cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf). asymptomatic hiv-1-infected subjects had elevated levels of il-8 and il-10 in their balf, and hiv-1-infected subjects with nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (nip) or infected with ... | 1994 | 7888221 |
| adverse effects of drugs used in the management of opportunistic infections associated with hiv infection. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is one of the most common aids-defining diagnoses. first-line therapy is cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), despite a high incidence of toxic effects, and a greater incidence of hypersensitivity reactions among hiv-positive patients compared with the seronegative population. alternative agents such as intravenous pentamidine, or clindamycin with primaquine, and trimethoprim with dapsone, also have a wide range of serious adverse effects, but remai ... | 1994 | 7917073 |
| amplification of pneumocystis carinii dna on specimens scraped from slides. | a method for the detection of pneumocystis carinii by polymerase chain reaction using specimens obtained by scraping bronchoalveolar lavage or tissue impression smears is described. the smears were scraped into water and then absorbed onto a glass-fiber filter. after fixing with methanol, the specimen on the filter was digested with proteinase k. the digestion mixture was then clarified, and a portion of the clarified supernatant was used as a template for the amplification of a portion of the m ... | 1994 | 7924213 |
| generalized air cysts complicated by fatal bilateral pneumothoraces in a patient with aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we describe a case of air cyst lesions in an aids patient suffering from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. this case is unique because these lesions were generalized to both lungs and initially well tolerated. pathologic examination revealed extensive tissue invasion by p carinii. the prognosis was complicated by bilateral pneumothoraces. surgical right pleurodesis allowed lung re-expansion but did not prevent recurrence of fatal contralateral pneumothorax. | 1994 | 7924511 |
| changes in serum neopterin and serum beta 2-microglobulin in subjects with lung infections. | our aim was to investigate whether serum neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin have any value in the distinction between pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and pneumonia due to extracellular bacteria. also, to study whether neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin would correlate with the clinical course of lung infections in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and hiv-negative patients. thirty hiv-positive subjects with pcp, 9 hiv-positive patients with bacterial pneumonia, and 16 hiv-negative ... | 1994 | 7925900 |
| magnetic resonance imaging findings in pulmonary kaposi's sarcoma: a series of 10 cases. | since chest x-ray and ct scan features of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) are nonspecific, we wanted to test the hypothesis that the histological components of this tumour and/or the associated haemorrhagic component, may result in a characteristic signal pattern on magnetic resonance imaging (mri). thoracic mri was performed in a prospective manner in ten patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and pulmonary ks. mri examinations (1.5 tesla) included spin-echo t1 (se-t1), before and after ... | 1994 | 7925908 |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and its ocular complications. | human immunodeficiency virus infection is the first major pandemic of the 20th century. at present, almost 10 million people are known to be infected with this virus, and it is estimated that by the year 2000, approximately 40 million people will be infected. transmission of this deadly infection is predominantly by sexual contact. individuals infected with this virus pass through several predictable stages with progressive decrease in circulating cd4+ t cells. during the advanced stage, these p ... | 1994 | 7927632 |
| use of anti-cd4+ hybridoma cells to induce pneumocystis carinii in mice. | a reduction of peripheral cd4+ cell levels has been correlated with the onset of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients. most in vivo drug discovery and development for p. carinii have been conducted in corticosteroid-treated rats. there is need for the development of new small animal models with more selective methods of immunosuppression. this study outlines a new mouse model in which specific depletion of the cd4+ t-lymphocyte population was achieved by subcutaneous injection of g.k1 ... | 1994 | 7927769 |
| development and evaluation of a rapid and simple procedure for detection of pneumocystis carinii by pcr. | we report the development of a simplified pcr-based assay for the detection of pneumocystis carinii dna in clinical specimens. the adoption of a rapid dna extraction procedure and the introduction of a type of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for pcr product detection enabled this procedure to be carried out in a single working day in a clinical microbiology laboratory. the pcr assay was prospectively compared with an immunofluorescent-antibody (fa) staining method for the detection of p. carin ... | 1994 | 7929749 |
| relative potency of 10 drugs with anti-pneumocystis carinii activity in an animal model. | several drugs have been shown to have anti-pneumocystis carinii activity in clinical trials. because of the large number of patients required, no more than 3 drugs can be compared for efficacy in human studies. however, the experimental animal model for p. carinii pneumonitis is remarkably similar to the human disease and was used to compare 10 drugs for the relative potency against this infection. all drugs were compared at doses known to prevent the pneumonitis in > 80% of animals and at one-t ... | 1994 | 7930735 |
| adjunctive folinic acid with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients is associated with an increased risk of therapeutic failure and death. | ninety-two aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were randomized to receive folinic acid or matching placebo in conjunction with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a prospective, double-blind trial. neither frequency of dose-limiting toxicity (26% vs. 37%; p = .4) nor time to occurrence (p = .7) was associated with folinic acid use. although incidence of neutropenia was lower in patients receiving folinic acid (23% vs. 47%; p = .03), time to occurrence of neutropenia did not diff ... | 1994 | 7930736 |
| phase ii trial of fludarabine phosphate and interferon alfa-2a in advanced mycosis fungoides/sézary syndrome. | this phase ii study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and toxicity of the addition of continuous low-dose interferon alfa-2a (ifn) to fludarabine in patients with advanced or refractory mycosis fungoides (mf) or the sézary syndrome (ss). | 1994 | 7931473 |
| natural history of hiv infection in filipino female commercial sex workers. | a prospective follow-up study of the progression of hiv infection, from seroconversion to onset of opportunistic infections (oi) indicative of immune deficiency and to death, was performed in a cohort of 54 hiv-1 antibody positive filipino female commercial sex workers (fcsw). the cumulative probability of having a cd4+ t cell count of < 200/mm3 and/or an oi indicative of severe immune deficiency was 52.9% within 5 years and 73.8% within 6 years after seroconversion. the cumulative probability o ... | 1994 | 7932083 |
| lower socioeconomic status and shorter survival following hiv infection. | we studied the association between socioeconomic status and survival in a prospective study of 364 hiv-infected homosexual men who were recruited during 1982-84. the participants were divided by annual income; those earning above canadian $10,000 (high-income; n = 274) and those below $10,000 (low-income; n = 90) at recruitment. the latter threshold closely approximated to the poverty level for this population. low income men were significantly younger than high income men but the groups were si ... | 1994 | 7934494 |
| [pneumocystis carinii: pathogen of opportunistic infections for 40 years. plasma cell interstitial pneumonia: the "plague" of premature infants and week infants]. | 1994 | 7935227 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis during pregnancy. | the frequency of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection among pregnant women is increasing. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most common opportunistic infection in hiv-infected patients, and prophylaxis is an important part of decreasing morbidity. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), pentamidine, and dapsone, alone or in combination with pyrimethamine, are the most commonly used drugs for pcp prophylaxis in the nonpregnant hiv-infected population. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxaz ... | 1994 | 7937279 |
| [rapidly evolving pulmonary bullous degeneration in hiv-infected patients. description of 4 cases and review of the literature]. | cavitary lung lesions are common in intravenous drug-addicts (ivda) and in aids patients. four cases are reported of ivda patients with hiv positive serology who developed an initially thick-walled lesion, which grew rapidly and evolved into bullous lesions. the negative results in microbiological investigations for pneumocystis carinii, nocardia spp., staphylococci; the topographic superposition on a previous tuberculous lesion; a prolonged asymptomatic period; and a particularly rapid evolutio ... | 1994 | 7938824 |
| [thoracic imaging in aids]. | chest complications were the first known in aids; even, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was the initial warning light. at the present time lung complications remain the major cause of death in such patients. a better knowledge of these pathologies often allows to pass an acute episode and perhaps to prevent infectious pathologies, so, leading to the observation of extra-thoracic pathologies. preventive treatments and increasing survival time allow the appearance of some atypical aspects of pneumo ... | 1994 | 7939323 |
| cytomegalovirus infection rate among heart transplant patients in relation to anti-thymocyte immunoglobulin induction therapy. copenhagen heart transplant group. | during a 2-year period, 49 patients underwent heart transplantation at rigshospitalet, copenhagen. nine (18%) were females and the mean age for all patients was 44 years (range 14-56 years). immunosuppressive therapy included cyclosporin, azathioprine and steroids in all patients. 43 patients received in addition short-term (approx. 4 days) induction treatment with antithymocyte immunoglobulin (atg). 17 patients received atg fresenius, 2.5 mg/kg/day or atgam, 12.5 mg/kg/day, whereas the remainin ... | 1994 | 7939422 |
| severe opportunistic infections in aids patients with late-stage disease. | clinicians caring for patients who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) need to be aware of the wide variety of infectious diseases that can occur. although pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most common aids-defining infection, other opportunistic infections associated with advanced immunodeficiency can develop after an initial diagnosis. | 1994 | 7942097 |
| determinants of hiv disease progression among homosexual men registered in the tricontinental seroconverter study. | data on 403 homosexual/bisexual men with documented dates of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroconversion were merged. all subjects originated from cohort studies that started between 1982 and 1984 in amsterdam, the netherlands; san francisco, california; sydney, australia; and vancouver, british columbia, canada. with respect to the four geographic locations, no statistically significant differences in progression time from hiv seroconversion to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) an ... | 1994 | 7942776 |
| hypogammaglobulinaemia associated with normal or increased igm (the hyper igm syndrome): a case series review. | the clinical and immunological aspects of 16 children with the syndrome of hypogammaglobulinaemia associated with normal or increased igm (the hyper igm syndrome) and their responses to treatment are reviewed. increased concentrations of igm, neutropenia, and recurrent infections could usually be controlled by antimicrobial and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. together with the bacterial infections characteristic of hypogammaglobulinaemia, these patients often developed opportunistic infect ... | 1994 | 7944538 |
| aerosolized pentamidine as primary prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: efficacy, mortality and morbidity. | primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) for patients with hiv infection has been recommended by the centers for disease control and prevention. we evaluated alternatives to routine primary pcp prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine. | 1994 | 7946102 |
| survival and medical intervention in southern brazilian aids patients. | the aim of the study was to describe survival patterns of southern brazilian aids patients: 224 predominantly working class aids patients were treated in an aids referral centre in porto alegre between october 1986 and september 1991. the caseload increased progressively, as did the number of female aids cases treated at the hospital during the study period. self-referred patients were more likely to present with an aids defining condition (p < 0.03) and they (n = 106) had significantly worse su ... | 1994 | 7948159 |
| increased survival of young infants with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and acute respiratory failure with early steroid administration. | 1994 | 7948541 | |
| pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine for prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | 1994 | 7948546 | |
| delayed-type hypersensitivity anergy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons screened for infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis. | a total of 479 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons at an hiv clinic in florida and a tuberculosis clinic in new jersey were skin-tested with tuberculin, tetanus toxoid, mumps antigen, and candida antigen in a study of the prevalence of delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) anergy and the usefulness of two-step tuberculin testing in this population. of the patients tested, 12% had a positive (> or = 5-mm) response to tuberculin; 57%, 45%, and 35% had a positive (> or = 3-mm) respons ... | 1994 | 7948554 |
| phylogenetic spectrum of fungi that are pathogenic to humans. | recent phylogenetic studies based on ribosomal rna sequences have confirmed that the organisms traditionally treated as fungi include those that have evolved from several different lines (multiphyletic organisms), as has been suspected. even organisms causing disease in humans represent at least two evolutional lines. pythium insidiosum and prototheca species are both believed to have evolved from one line, while the rest of the pathogens have evolved from another line. p. insidiosum is more clo ... | 1994 | 7948565 |
| the value of direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) testing for the detection of pneumocystis carinii in cytological specimens. | a direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) method was compared with methenamine silver staining (mss) for the detection of pneumocystis carinii in 384 cytological specimens. dfa testing was more sensitive than the mss, with p. carinii detected in 31 specimens with dfa and 24 with the mss. results of the two methods disagreed in 17 specimens, all of which were sputa. twelve sputum specimens were dfa positive/mss negative and five were mss positive/dfa negative. it is concluded that the dfa technique, al ... | 1994 | 7948760 |
| can snomed international represent patients' perceptions of health-related problems for the computer-based patient record? | as the united states moves towards a computer-based patient record, there is much discussion related to the contents of such a record and the manner in which the data elements will be represented. recent health care reform has emphasized the need for increased patient involvement in health care decision making, however, there has been little discussion about including the patient perspective in the computer-based patient record. using an existing data set of 201 patients who were hospitalized fo ... | 1994 | 7949916 |
| the hydroxymethyldihydropterin pyrophosphokinase domain of the multifunctional folic acid synthesis fas protein of pneumocystis carinii expressed as an independent enzyme in escherichia coli: refolding and characterization of the recombinant enzyme. | the folic acid synthesis (fas) protein of pneumocystis carinii is a multifunctional enzyme containing dihydroneopterin aldolase, 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase (pppk), and dihydropteroate synthase activities. isolation of the stretch of fas cdna shown by amino acid similarity to the bacterial counterparts to code for pppk activity (fasc domain) is described. fasc was expressed to high levels in escherichia coli inclusion bodies using an inducible tac promoter expression syst ... | 1994 | 7950384 |
| changing use of intensive care for hiv-infected patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | clinicians' approach to acute respiratory failure from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is hypothesized to have gone through three phases: aggressive management due to an absence of data on prognosis (1981-84), withholding of intensive care based on a few small studies showing high case fatality (1985-87), and an increase in intensive care to an intermediate level (1988 forward). unfortunately, studies of survival from acute respiratory failure among such patients have been small and have be ... | 1994 | 7952557 |
| persistence of pneumocystis carinii in patients with aids receiving chemoprophylaxis. | pneumocystis carinii organisms have been shown to persist throughout therapy in the majority of patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). this study evaluated the relationship between persistence of organisms and recurrence of disease, and the effect of chemoprophylaxis on bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. seven patients receiving pcp chemoprophylaxis underwent serial bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) examinations at 1, 4, and 7 mo after recovery from a first episode of pcp. specimens were ... | 1994 | 7952576 |
| drug smoking, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and immunosuppression increase risk of bacterial pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive injection drug users. | to examine the risk factors for the first episode of bacterial pneumonia among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositive injection drug users (idus), medical record review was performed on idus participating in a cohort study from january 1988 to june 30, 1992. hiv-seropositive idus with a first episode of bacterial pneumonia (n = 40) were matched with up to five hiv-seropositive control subjects without bacterial pneumonia (n = 197) by date of entry (+/- 3 mo) and length of follow-up. odd ... | 1994 | 7952605 |
| a rapid preadmission method for predicting inpatient course of disease for patients with hiv-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) has been the most common reason for hospitalization and the most common cause of death for persons with hiv infection. hospital mortality rates for pcp range from 10 to 60%. studies that evaluate differences in hospital mortality rates must control for differences in patient severity of illness. we developed a simple staging system for categorizing severity of illness in patients with pcp. we analyzed the relation between clinical factors and in-hospital mort ... | 1994 | 7952607 |
| relation of cyst counts with numbers of total nuclei of pneumocystis carinii in rats. | wistar rats were induced of pneumocystis carinii infection by injection with methyl-prednisolone to correlate the cyst counts and numbers of nuclei. seven sections of the lungs were examined by impression smears and also whole lung homogenates were screened for nucleus counting for each rat. at the first week of the experiment, all of the impression smears except one were cyst negative but trophic forms were counted around 10(6). at the third week, the cysts appeared one per 20 immersion oil len ... | 1994 | 7953242 |
| [laboratory and clinical study on pneumocystis carinii. ii. immunoblot analysis for detection of anti-pneumocystis carinii antibodies in the sera from healthy blood donors]. | rat pneumocystis carinii cyst soluble antigen (csa) was analysed by sds-page, and more than 20 polypeptide bands were found. the molecular weights of the major bands were > 100kda, 85-94kda, 67kda, 52kda and 34kda, respectively. the specific igg antibodies in the sera from healthy blood donors recognizing the 110kda, 105kda, 85kda, 67kda, 52kda and 46kda polypeptide antigens were identified by immunoblot analysis. the total positive rate of igg specific antibodies was 56.7% (59/104). the 85kda p ... | 1994 | 7955159 |
| infections and immunizations in organ transplant recipients: a preventive approach. | infections after organ transplantation can be devastating in immunocompromised patients. | 1994 | 7955311 |
| pneumocystis carinii-induced activation of the respiratory burst in human monocytes and macrophages. | human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages were studied for their ability to phagocytose pneumocystis carinii and produce superoxide (o2-) during the process. one x 10(6) freshly isolated monocytes, incubated with 0.1-3.75 x 10(6) p. carinii cysts, increased o2- production in a dose-related way. antibodies were essential for the process since opsonized, but not unopsonized, pneumocysts induced o2- production significantly above the response obtained by lung tissue from rats (10.7 and 4.9 v ... | 1994 | 7955522 |
| respiratory failure from severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. entering the third era. | 1994 | 7956373 | |
| decreasing frequency but worsening mortality of acute respiratory failure secondary to aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to describe changes in incidence and outcome of acute respiratory failure (arf) due to aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) at a tertiary care center over the 4-year period starting april 1, 1987 with reference to previously reported data from the preceding 6 years. | 1994 | 7956401 |
| estimation of fetal risk from aerosolized pentamidine in pregnant healthcare workers. | inhaled pentamidine is used to treat pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. its potential effects on dna have raised concerns about its safety for pregnant healthcare workers. we used a pharmacokinetic approach to estimate the fetal risks, based on the published data of pentamidine renal clearance and of urinary pentamidine concentrations in healthcare workers exposed to aerosolized pentamidine. the maximum pentamidine doses (intravenous equivalent) that healthcare workers were exposed to were calculat ... | 1994 | 7956402 |
| thoracoscopic findings in spontaneous pneumothorax in aids. | six patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) who suffered eight spontaneous pneumothoraces between january 1990 and january 1993 underwent videothoracoscopy. the predominant macroscopic findings, found in four patients on five occasions, were white-yellow nodules dispersed throughout the lung surface. in addition, in one patient, these lesions were associated with multiple small apical bullae and, in another, a large reddish nodule with several smaller white satellite nodules ... | 1994 | 7956424 |
| [minimally invasive surgery in persistent pneumothorax and pneumocystis carinii infection]. | the most frequent pulmological complication of aids is pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), which in 2% of cases will cause a spontaneous pneumothorax. every aids patient who develops a pneumothorax is highly suspicious for a pneumocystis carinii pneumonia too. we describe the case of an aids patient who suffered from pneumothorax caused by pcp. conventional tube thoracostomy with continuous suction and tetracycline pleurodesis were unsuccessful. the patient recovered however after resection of ... | 1994 | 7956543 |
| successful treatment of toxoplasma gondii myocarditis in an aids patient. | central nervous system disease due to toxoplasma gondii is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. cardiac toxoplasmosis, however, has been described in only a limited number of cases. in a 45-year-old patient with symptoms suggestive of myocarditis, toxoplasma gondii was detected in myocardial tissue obtained by biopsy. after the institution of appropriate antiprotozoal therapy, the patient recovered. this patient is believed to be the ... | 1994 | 7957272 |
| [intravenous immunoglobulin substitution in patients with arc and aids (wr 3-6)]. | hiv-infected patients acquire a profound dysfunction in humoral and cellular immunity. this immunological impairment causes a markedly increased incidence of recurrent infections. while effective prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is available, infections with other microorganisms still cause a high rate of morbidity and mortality. preliminary results of our randomized outpatient trial to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) in adults demonstrate that ivig reduce ... | 1994 | 7959860 |
| pneumocystis carinii attachment increases expression of fibronectin-binding integrins on cultured lung cells. | pneumocystis carinii is an extracellular pathogen which requires attachment to alveolar epithelial cells for growth and replication. previous studies have demonstrated that the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (fn) facilitates attachment of p. carinii to lung cells. this study addresses the role of cell surface fn receptors (integrins) as mediators of p. carinii attachment and demonstrates the effect of p. carinii attachment on integrin expression on cultured lung cells. to determine the ... | 1994 | 7960127 |
| incidence of clinical aids conditions in a cohort of homosexual men with cd4+ cell counts < 100/mm3. multicenter aids cohort study. | incidence rates of aids illnesses are described among patients with < or = 100 cd4 cells/mm3 grouped by use of antiretrovirals and chemoprophylaxis. data were obtained from 2646 homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. participants were in the multicenter aids cohort study during 1985-1993. the incidence rates per 100 person-years for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were 47.4 without treatment, 21.5 with antiretrovirals alone, and 12.8 with antiretrovirals combined with c ... | 1994 | 7963728 |
| [infections likely to develop in immunocompromised hosts: pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | 1994 | 7964074 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating hodgkin's disease: a case report. | a case of hodgkin's disease who developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is described. the diagnosis of p. carinii was confirmed on post-mortem lung biopsy. the rarity of its occurrence in our country is emphasised as is the need for high degree of suspicion and early institution of treatment. | 1994 | 7851955 |
| use of an atp bioluminescent assay to evaluate viability of pneumocystis carinii from rats. | a bioluminescent assay which employs the luciferin-luciferase atp-dependent reaction was used to evaluate the viability of populations of pneumocystis carinii derived from infected rat lungs. contamination with host cells was reduced by a purification method which involved a combination of low- and high-speed centrifugations resulting in a 1,000-fold reduction of the rat cells while enriching for the trophic form of p. carinii. a linear correlation for the number of p. carinii nuclei versus the ... | 1994 | 7852574 |
| danish aids patients 1988-1993: a recent decline in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as aids-defining disease related to the period of known hiv positivity. | the frequency of pcp among adult danish aids patients notified in 1988-93 was higher among patients tested hiv-positive less than 4 months prior to aids than among those known to be positive for > 1 year. among the latter, the proportion with pcp decreased significantly over the period, from 45.3% in 1988 to 22.0% in 1993, while no such trend was found among patients tested positive for hiv less than 4 months before aids was diagnosed. the incidence of pcp as an aids-defining disease has decreas ... | 1994 | 7855549 |
| late manifestations of hiv in asia and the pacific. | late-stage hiv infection is characterized by profound immunodeficiency with a progressive and irreversible decline in the cd4 count, functional impairment of cellular and humoral immunity, and evidence of increased viral replication, with the appearance of p24 antigenemia and increasing levels of beta(2)-microglobulin and neopterin. these changes are associated with increased susceptibility to many infections, the emergence of malignancies, and neurological complications due to the direct infec ... | 1994 | 7857567 |
| safety of pentamidine prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on the endocrine pancreatic function in hiv patients. | we assessed the pancreatic beta cells function of hiv patients receiving either 300 mg per month of aerosolized pentamidine (n = 12) or oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), twice a day three times per week (tmp: 160 mg, smx: 800 mg) (n = 10). intravenous (i.v.) glucose tolerance tests were performed after i.v. injection of 0.5 glucose by kg of body weight in 30 seconds. plasma insulin levels were assessed at baseline, 1, 2, 3 and 5 min. moreover, in patients receiving inhaled pentamidin ... | 1994 | 7864513 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after liver transplantation in adults. | proven pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) occurred in 8 (5.2%) of 154 adult liver transplant recipients between january 1986 and december 1992. the interval between transplantation and pcp ranged from 69 to 131 days with a mean of 95 days (sd 20 days). the pao2 breathing room air at diagnosis ranged from 40 mmhg to 75 mmhg with a mean of 59.6 mmhg (sd 13 mmhg). bronchial washings taken at bronchoscopy stained positively for pneumocystis carinii and confirmed the diagnosis. transbronchial biops ... | 1994 | 7865910 |
| artificial infections of pneumocystis carinii in the scid mouse and their use in the in vivo evaluation of antipneumocystis drugs. | a model for the in vivo evaluation of antipneumocystis drugs has been developed in scid mice infected intratracheally with cryopreserved mouse-derived pneumocystis carinii. the development of a highly reproducible fatal p. carinii pneumonia occurred within 10 weeks (mean survival time +/- sem = 72.2 +/- 1.2 days). continuous administration of dexamethasone (2 mg/liter in the drinking water) exacerbated the rate of onset of severe p. carinii pneumonia (mean survival time +/- sem = 63 +/- 1.3 days ... | 1994 | 7866380 |
| incorporation of fatty acids and amino acids by cultured pneumocystis carinii. | cultured p. carinii rapidly took up a variety of fatty acids. the relative rates of uptake for four fatty acids were 18:1 >> 16:0 approximately equal to 18:0 approximately equal to 18:2. fatty acids were primarily incorporated into phospholipids and the uptake process was specifically inhibited by 2.2 and 22 microm primaquine, a concentration having no effect on host cells. amino acids were also taken up by cultured p. carinii in a primaquine sensitive process. radiolabeled leucine was incorpora ... | 1994 | 7866387 |
| the structure of pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase to 1.9 a resolution. | the fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii causes a pneumonia which is an opportunistic infection of aids patients. current therapy includes the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitor trimethoprim which is selective but only a relatively weak inhibitor of the enzyme for p. carinii. determination of the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme should form the basis for design of more potent and selective therapeutic agents for treatment of the disease. | 1994 | 7866743 |
| [experimental and clinical study on pneumocystosis. iii. development and characterization of monoclonal antibody against pneumocystis carinii]. | balb/c mice were repeatedly inoculated subcutaneously with purified rat source pneumocystis carinii (p.c.) cysts. six weeks later, the spleen cells were fused with ns1 myeloma cells, and a mouse hybridoma producing monoclonal antibody against p.c. was established and cloned, which was named as 4d7 mcab. its mean of chromosome was 82. the 4d7 mcab was shown to be igg1 subclass. it reacted mainly with 54 kda polypeptide of p.c. in eitb. 4d7 mcab could clearly recognize p.c. by immunohistochemical ... | 1994 | 7867153 |
| phytosterols are present in pneumocystis carinii. | although originally classified as a protozoan, pneumocystis carinii is now considered to have fungal characteristics. drugs typically used for the treatment of fungal infections target ergosterol. because p. carinii is an important pathogen in aids and other immunocompromised patients, knowledge of the sterol content of this organism may be useful as a basis for developing new treatment strategies or for improving diagnosis. p. carinii organisms were harvested from infected rat lungs and were pu ... | 1994 | 7872743 |
| ornithine decarboxylase in pneumocystis carinii and implications for therapy. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) can be treated with eflornithine (difluoromethylornithine, dfmo, ornidyl), a competitive irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (odc), a key enzyme for polyamine biosynthesis. because odc has been reported to be absent from p. carinii, it has been assumed that eflornithine affects p. carinii only indirectly, by affecting host polyamine biosynthesis. if this is true, then improvements in the selectivity of antipolyamine therapy for pcp would be limi ... | 1994 | 7872745 |
| guanylhydrazones in therapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunosuppressed rats. | guanylhydrazones are cationic heteroaromatic drugs similar to the diamidines which are effective in the treatment of african trypanosomiasis and pneumocystosis. on the basis of their antitrypanosomal activity, different guanylhydrazones were selected for evaluation in a rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the most active compounds were the 2-(4'-formylphenyl)-1-methylimidazo-[1,2-a] pyridinium guanylhydrazones which, at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day, were about as effective as trimethoprim-sulf ... | 1994 | 7872750 |
| eb9, a new antibody for the detection of trophozoites of pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens in aids. | to prepare a monoclonal antibody (eb9) against the trophozoite form of pneumocystis carinii and to test its efficacy for detecting infection with this organism. | 1994 | 7876385 |
| clinical study of hiv disease in the lower area of northern thailand in 1994. | seventy-seven hiv-positive patients admitted to budhachinaraj hospital between february and july 1994 were studied. the sex ratio between male and female was 4.1:1 the majority of cases were sexually transmitted. there were 25 cases of symptomatic hiv and 52 cases of full-blown aids. the treatment in this study was both medical and psychological. cryptococcal infection is common in the lower area of northern provinces. zidovudine has not been widely used. the aids patients died of p. carinii pne ... | 1994 | 7876766 |
| oral atovaquone compared with intravenous pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. atovaquone study group. | to test the hypothesis that the therapeutic success rate of oral atovaquone is not worse than that of intravenous pentamidine in the primary treatment of mild and moderate pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and to detect differences in the toxicity rates of the two treatments. | 1994 | 7880228 |
| typing of pneumocystis carinii strains that infect humans based on nucleotide sequence variations of internal transcribed spacers of rrna genes. | small portions of the 18s and the 26s rrna genes, the entire 5.8s rrna gene, and internal transcribed spacers its1 and its2 (located between the 18s and 5.8s rrna genes and between the 5.8s and 26s rrna genes, respectively) of pneumocystis carinii that infect humans were cloned and sequenced. the nucleotide sequences of the 18s, 5.8s, and 26s rrna genes determined in the study were approximately 90% homologous to those of p. carinii that infect rats, while the sequences of its1 and its2 of p. ca ... | 1994 | 7883876 |
| preliminary results of pneumocystis carinii strain differentiation by using molecular biology. | the mode of pneumocystis carinii transmission is controversial. recent studies point to exogenous inoculation rather than reactivation, and person-to-person transmission has also been suggested. comparison of nucleotide sequences of the large-subunit mitochondrial rrna gene of p. carinii from human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients showed strain differences. | 1994 | 7883899 |
| outcome of toxoplasma gondii mismatches in heart transplant recipients over a period of 8 years. | donor-related infection due to toxoplasma gondii is a well-recorded complication of cardiac transplantation. in order to assess the efficacy of co-trimoxazole in small doses as prophylaxis for primary toxoplasma gondii infection in seronegative heart and heart-lung transplant recipients receiving organs from seropositive donors, we reviewed the serostatus and clinical outcome of all such mismatched transplants performed at our unit over a period of 8 years. of 310 transplants performed between m ... | 1994 | 7884217 |
| the lung as a critical organ in marrow transplantation. | respiratory failure is the main cause of death in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (bmt). in this paper, clinical and research aspects as well as diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic strategies concerning the various forms of pulmonary and bronchial complications, which may evolve after bmt, are discussed. both cytomegalovirus (cmv)-induced interstitial pneumonia (pm) and the idiopathic pneumonia syndrome rarely occur in the cytopenic phase post-bmt. haematological reconstitut ... | 1994 | 7728120 |
| access to therapy in the multicenter aids cohort study, 1989-1992. | the study aims were (i) to describe secular trends in the utilization of antiretrovirals, antivirals, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis, and antifungal prophylaxis and (ii) to determine whether factors such as clinical status, health services utilization, insurance status, income, education and race were associated with access to therapy. data on utilization of therapy, health services utilization, income and insurance status were collected semiannually from october 1990 through m ... | 1994 | 7730902 |