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characterization of quantitative trait loci controlling genetic variation for preharvest sprouting in synthetic backcross-derived wheat lines.aegilops tauschii, the wild relative of wheat, has stronger seed dormancy, a major component of preharvest sprouting resistance (phsr), than bread wheat. a diploid ae. tauschii accession (aus18836) and a tetraploid (triticum turgidum l. ssp. durum var. altar84) wheat were used to construct a synthetic wheat (syn37). the genetic architecture of phs was investigated in 271 bc(1)f(7) synthetic backcross lines (sbls) derived from syn37/2*janz (resistant/susceptible). the sbls were evaluated in three ...200818245824
detailed dissection of the chromosomal region containing the ph1 locus in wheat triticum aestivum: with deletion mutants and expression profiling.understanding ph1, a dominant homoeologous chromosome pairing suppressor locus on the long arm of chromosome 5b in wheat triticum aestivum l., is the core of the investigation in this article. the ph1 locus restricts chromosome pairing and recombination at meiosis to true homologues. the importance of wheat as a crop and the need to exploit its wild relatives as donors for economically important traits in wheat breeding programmes is the main drive to uncover the mechanism of the ph1 locus and r ...200817951583
evolutionary origin of the segmental duplication encompassing the wheat glu-b1 locus encoding the overexpressed bx7 (bx7oe) high molecular weight glutenin subunit.sequencing of a bac clone encompassing the glu-b1 locus in glenlea, revealed a 10.3 kb segmental duplication including the bx7 gene and flanking an ltr retroelement. to better understand the evolution of this locus, two collections of wheat were surveyed. the first consisted of 96 diploid and tetraploid species accessions while the second consisted of 316 triticum aestivum cultivars and landraces from 41 countries. the genotypes were first characterized by sds-page and a total of 40 of the 316 t ...200817985111
characterizing hmw-gs alleles of decaploid agropyron elongatum in relation to evolution and wheat breeding.bread wheat quality is mainly correlated with high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) of endosperm. the number of hmw-gs alleles with good processing quality is limited in bread wheat cultivars, while there are plenty of hmw-gs alleles in wheat-related grasses to exploit. we report here on the cloning and characterization of hmw-gs alleles from the decaploid agropyron elongatum. eleven novel hmw-gs alleles were cloned from the grass. of them, five are x-type and six y-type glutenin subu ...200817992503
snp and haplotype identification of the wheat monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitor genes.seventy-three gene sequences encoding monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitors were characterized from cultivated wheat "chinese spring", group 6 nullisomic-tetrasomic lines of "chinese spring" and diploid putative progenitors of common wheat. the monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitors from the different sources shared very high homology (99.54%). the different alpha-amylase inhibitors, which were determined by the 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) of their gene sequences, were investigated. a tot ...200818060568
phenolic compounds contribute to dark bran pigmentation in hard white wheat.unacceptably dark bran color has prevented the white-kernelled variety argent from meeting grain color marketing standards for hard white wheats (triticum aestivum l.). the objective of this research was to identify phenolic compounds that negatively affect bran color in white wheat using fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ft-icr-ms) and vanillin-hcl and naoh staining methods. in mature bran, ft-icr-ms detected derivatives of the flavonol quercetin in varieties argent a ...200818254596
analysis of taalmt1 traces the transmission of aluminum resistance in cultivated common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).allele diversities of four markers specific to intron three, exon four and promoter regions of the aluminum (al) resistance gene of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) taalmt1 were compared in 179 common wheat cultivars used in international wheat breeding programs. in wheat cultivars released during the last 93 years, six different promoter types were identified on the basis of allele size. a previous study showed that al resistance was not associated with a particular coding allele for taalmt1 but wa ...200818046532
the derivation of sink functions of wheat organs using the greenlab model.in traditional crop growth models assimilate production and partitioning are described with empirical equations. in the greenlab functional-structural model, however, allocation of carbon to different kinds of organs depends on the number and relative sink strengths of growing organs present in the crop architecture. the aim of this study is to generate sink functions of wheat (triticum aestivum) organs by calibrating the greenlab model using a dedicated data set, consisting of time series on th ...200818045794
structures of the three homoeologous loci of wheat benzoxazinone biosynthetic genes tabx3 and tabx4 and characterization of their promoter sequences.common wheat (2n=6x=42, genome formula aabbdd) accumulates benzoxazinones (bxs) as defensive compounds. there are five bx biosynthetic genes (tabx1-tabx5), and their homoeologous alleles are located on all three homoeologous chromosomes of the a, b and d genomes. here the molecular structures of the tabx3 and tabx4 loci, both of which are located on chromosomes 5a, 5b and 5d, were revealed by sequencing transformation-competent artificial chromosome (tac) clones. in all homoeologous chromosomes, ...200818040657
tris is a non-innocent buffer during intein-mediated protein cleavage.fusion protein purification systems based on self-cleavable protein splicing elements are well established nowadays and have the advantage of producing recombinant proteins with their native amino acid composition while abolishing the need of an additional proteolytic cleavage step for removal of a purification tag. however, a potential disadvantage is the concomitant generation of reactive thioester intermediates during the protein self-splicing process, which are prone to undergo side reaction ...200818032065
recurrent deletions of puroindoline genes at the grain hardness locus in four independent lineages of polyploid wheat.polyploidy is known to induce numerous genetic and epigenetic changes but little is known about their physiological bases. in wheat, grain texture is mainly determined by the hardness (ha) locus consisting of genes puroindoline a (pina) and b (pinb). these genes are conserved in diploid progenitors but were deleted from the a and b genomes of tetraploid triticum turgidum (ab). we now report the recurrent deletions of pina-pinb in other lineages of polyploid wheat. we analyzed the ha haplotype st ...200818024553
[effects of vernalization duration control genes (vrd) on agronomical traits in winter bread wheat].in monogenic dominant for vrd1 or vrd2 genes almost isogenic lines and cultivars the shortening of the period before hadding duration, plant height reduction, and decrease of frost resistance particularly in the second half of winter and in spring have been shown. as for the determined traits the greater effect was detected for vrd1 gene, the less one--for vrd2. genes vrd1 and vrd2 did not significantly influence the quantitative characteristics of yield components except the 1000 kernel weight. ...200818268962
analysis of protein complexes in wheat amyloplasts reveals functional interactions among starch biosynthetic enzymes.protein-protein interactions among enzymes of amylopectin biosynthesis were investigated in developing wheat (triticum aestivum) endosperm. physical interactions between starch branching enzymes (sbes) and starch synthases (sss) were identified from endosperm amyloplasts during the active phase of starch deposition in the developing grain using immunoprecipitation and cross-linking strategies. coimmunoprecipitation experiments using peptide-specific antibodies indicate that at least two distinct ...200818263778
xylanase inhibitors bind to nonstarch polysaccharides.this study is an in-depth investigation of the interaction between polysaccharides and the proteinaceous xylanase inhibitors, triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi), xylanase inhibitor protein (xip), and thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor (tlxi). the binding affinities of all three known types of xylanase inhibitors from wheat are studied by measuring the residual xylanase inhibition activity after incubation of the inhibitors in the presence of different polysaccharides, such as beta-glucan ...200818092758
molecular dissection of variation in carbohydrate metabolism related to water-soluble carbohydrate accumulation in stems of wheat.water-soluble carbohydrates (wscs; composed of mainly fructans, sucrose [suc], glucose [glc], and fructose) deposited in wheat (triticum aestivum) stems are important carbon sources for grain filling. variation in stem wsc concentrations among wheat genotypes is one of the genetic factors influencing grain weight and yield under water-limited environments. here, we describe the molecular dissection of carbohydrate metabolism in stems, at the wsc accumulation phase, of recombinant inbred seri/bab ...200818083795
use of near-isogenic wheat lines to determine the glutenin composition and functionality requirements for flour tortillas.in wheat ( triticum aestivum l), the synthesis of high molecular weight (hmw) glutenins (gs) is controlled by three heterologous genetic loci present on the long arms of group 1 wheat chromosomes. the loci glu-a1, glu-b1, and glu-d1 and their allelic variants play important roles in the functional properties of wheat flour. this study focused on understanding the functionality of these protein subunits on tortilla quality. near-isogenic wheat lines in which one or more of these loci were absent ...200818072743
effect of landfill leachate on cell cycle, micronucleus, and sister chromatid exchange in triticum aestivum.with increasing use of municipal solid waste landfills for waste disposal, the leachate generated has become a serious environmental concern. therefore, it is important to set up simple and accurate methods for monitoring leachate toxicity. in the present study, the physiological and genetic toxicity of the leachate, generated from xingou municipal landfill in china, were investigated with triticum aestivum (wheat) bioassay. the results indicate that the lower leachate concentrations stimulated ...200818068897
comparison of mixed-model approaches for association mapping.association-mapping methods promise to overcome the limitations of linkage-mapping methods. the main objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate various methods for association mapping in the autogamous species wheat using an empirical data set, (ii) determine a marker-based kinship matrix using a restricted maximum-likelihood (reml) estimate of the probability of two alleles at the same locus being identical in state but not identical by descent, and (iii) compare the results of association-m ...200818245847
[localization of nucleolar dna and transcription sites of rrna genes in situ in wheat cells].by using the conventional electron microscopic technique and dna specific cytochemical staining method (nama-ur), we directly observed the arrangement and location of intranucleolar dna in situ in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cells. the results showed that nucleolar dna was found in fibrillar centers (fc), dense fibrillar component (dfc) and the transitional region between fc and dfc. moreover, the nucleolar dna was distributed along the periphery of fc and by surrounding fc. we employed rnp pre ...200818244931
enhanced induction of microspore embryogenesis after n-butanol treatment in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) anther culture.the aim of this study was the improvement of embryo production in wheat anther culture. three butanol alcohols, n-butanol, sec-butanol and tert-butanol, were evaluated for their effect on microspore embryogenesis in two spring cultivars of wheat, pavon and caramba. application of n-butanol, at 0.1 and 0.2% (v/v) in the induction media for 5 h, highly improved embryo production in both cultivars. sec- and tert-butanol performed similarly to control plates. regeneration ability was unaffected by a ...200818214490
characterization of three somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase genes from wheat, triticum aestivum.we report here the isolation and characterization of three somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase (taserk) genes from wheat. taserks belong to a small family of receptor-like kinase genes, share a conserved structure and extensive sequence homology with previously reported plant serk genes. taserk genes are in general auxin inducible and expressed during embryogenesis in cell cultures. we show here that somatic embryogenesis in triticum aestivum is associated with high serk expression which could ...200818210118
association between allelic variation at the phytoene synthase 1 gene and yellow pigment content in the wheat grain.a better understanding of the genetic factors controlling grain yellow pigment content (gypc) is important for both pasta (high gypc) and bread wheat (low gypc) quality improvement. quantitative trait loci (qtl) for gypc have been mapped repeatedly on the distal regions of chromosome arms 7al and 7bl in wheat, and the phytoene synthase 1 (psy-1) gene located in this region has been proposed as a candidate gene. we show here that psy-e1, the tall wheatgrass orthologue, is completely linked to dif ...200818193186
selenium uptake, translocation and speciation in wheat supplied with selenate or selenite.selenite can be a dominant form of selenium (se) in aerobic soils; however, unlike selenate, the mechanism of selenite uptake by plants remains unclear. uptake, translocation and se speciation in wheat (triticum aestivum) supplied with selenate or selenite, or both, were investigated in hydroponic experiments. the kinetics of selenite influx was determined in short-term (30 min) experiments. selenium speciation in the water-extractable fraction of roots and shoots was determined by hplc-icpms. p ...200818179602
expression of the nuclear gene taf(a)d is under mitochondrial retrograde regulation in anthers of male sterile wheat plants with timopheevii cytoplasm.alterations of mitochondrial-encoded subunits of the f(o)f(1)-atp synthase are frequently associated with cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) in plants; however, little is known about the relationship of the nuclear encoded subunits of this enzyme with cms. in the present study, the full cdna of the gene taf(a)d that encodes the putative f(a)d subunit of the f(o)f(1)-atp synthase was isolated from the wheat (triticum aestivum) fertility restorer '2114' for timopheevii cytoplasm-based cms. the deduc ...200818390847
proteomic analysis on a high salt tolerance introgression strain of triticum aestivum/thinopyrum ponticum.soil salinity is a major abiotic constraint to agricultural productivity. we successfully bred a new common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) introgression variety (shanrong no. 3) with high salt-tolerance via asymmetric somatic hybridization between common wheat cultivar (jinan 177) and uv-irradiated agropyron elongatum (thinopyrum ponticum podp). we report here a comparative proteomic analysis to investigate variety-specific and salt-responsive proteins between seedling-roots of shanrong no. 3 and ...200818383010
dissection of rye chromosome 1r in common wheat.rye chromosome 1r contains many agronomically useful genes. physical dissection of chromosome 1r into segments would be useful in mapping 1r-specific dna markers and in assembling dna clones into contig maps. we applied the gametocidal system to produce rearranged 1r chromosomes of imperial rye (1r(i)) added to common wheat. we identified rearranged 1r(i) chromosomes and established 55 1r(i) dissection lines of common wheat carrying a single rearranged 1r(i) chromosome. fifty-two of the rearrang ...200818379133
dissection of rye b chromosomes, and nondisjunction properties of the dissected segments in a common wheat background.the rye b chromosome is a supernumerary chromosome that increases in number in its host by directed postmeiotic drive. two types of rye b chromosomes that had been introduced into common wheat were dissected into separate segments by the gametocidal system to produce a number of rearranged b chromosomes, such as telosomes, terminal deletions and translocations with wheat chromosomes. a total of 13 dissected b chromosomes were isolated in common wheat, and were investigated for their nondisjuncti ...200818379131
inducement of chromosome translocation with small alien segments by irradiating mature female gametes of the whole arm translocation line.haynaldia villosa schur. (syn. dasypyrum villosum candargy, 2n=14, vv) has been proved to be an important genetic resource for wheat improvement. the development of translocation with small alien chromosome segments, especially interstitial translocation, will be helpful for better utilization of its useful genes. up to now, most of the reported triticum aestivum-h. villosa translocation lines are involved in a whole arm or large alien fragments. in this paper, we report a highly efficient appro ...200818368312
high level of conservation between genes coding for the gamyb transcription factor in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) collections.the transcription factor gamyb is involved in gibberellin signalling in cereal aleurone cells and in plant developmental processes. nucleotide diversity of hvgamyb and tagamyb was investigated in 155 barley (hordeum vulgare) and 42 wheat (triticum aestivum) accessions, respectively. polymorphisms defined 18 haplotypes in the barley collection and 1, 7 and 3 haplotypes for the a, b, and d genomes of wheat, respectively. we found that (1) hv- and tagamyb genes have identical structures. (2) both g ...200818488187
[isolation and characterization of a low molecular weight glutenin gene from taenitherum nevski].more and more low-molecular-weight glutenin(lmw glutenin) genes were isolated and characterized from hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). however, few homologous genes were obtained from its relative species, which limited our understanding of the relationships among them. therefore, it is necessary to isolate lmw glutenin homologous genes from wheat wild relative species. using a pair of specific oligonucleotide pcr primers for taenitherum genomic dna, a lmw glutenin gene sequence, with nucl ...200818487155
[comparison of eddy covariance and static chamber/gas chromatogram methods in measuring ecosystem respiration].based on the measurement of carbon flux by the methods of eddy covariance and static chamber/gas chromatogram, a comparison was made between the two methods in evaluating ecosystem respiration over winter wheat (triticum aestivum)--summer maize (zea mays) double cropland and kobresia humilis alpine meadow. the results showed that under the conditions of obtained data having good quality, nighttime ecosystem respiration from eddy covariance measurement was significantly agreed with that from stat ...200818472446
gene expression, cellular localisation and function of glutamine synthetase isozymes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).we present the first cloning and study of glutamine synthetase (gs) genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). based on sequence analysis, phylogenetic studies and mapping data, ten gs sequences were classified into four sub-families: gs2 (a, b and c), gs1 (a, b and c), gsr (1 and 2) and gse (1 and 2). phylogenetic analysis showed that the wheat gs sub-families together with the gs genes from other monocotyledonous species form four distinct clades. immunolocalisation studies in leaves, stems and ra ...200818288574
the cooperative relation between non-hydraulic root signals and osmotic adjustment under water stress improves grain formation for spring wheat varieties.non-hydraulic root signals (nhrs) and osmotic adjustment (oa) are two important adaptive responses of plants to water stress. there is little understanding of their relationships during water stress. the threshold range of soil water potential to occurrence of nhrs, the capacity for oa, grain yield and water use efficiency (wue) were examined in three spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties (two bred after 1975 and one bred before 1900) under water stress conditions. the threshold range of ...200818275460
prairie grasses as hosts of the northern corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae).we evaluated 27 prairie grass species thought to be among those dominant 200 yr ago in the northern midwest as larval hosts of the northern corn rootworm, diabrotica barberi smith and lawrence. maize (zea mays l.), spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and grain sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) were included as controls for a total of 30 species. twenty pots of each species were planted in a randomized complete block design. each pot was infested 5 wk later with 20 neonate northern corn rootworm larv ...200818348817
the q-type c2h2 zinc finger subfamily of transcription factors in triticum aestivum is predominantly expressed in roots and enriched with members containing an ear repressor motif and responsive to drought stress.q-type c2h2 zinc finger proteins (zfps) form a subfamily of transcription factors that contain a plant-specific qalggh amino acid motif. a total of 47 expressed q-type c2h2 zinc finger genes in bread wheat (triticum aestivum) (designated tazfp) were identified from the current databases. protein sequence analysis for the presence of erf-associated amphiphilic repressor (ear) motif sequences from known transcriptional repressors revealed that 26% of the tazfp subfamily members contain an ear moti ...200818347915
modeling the toxicity of copper and zinc salts to wheat in 14 soils.interest is mounting in developing and utilizing soil-specific soil quality guidelines. this requires quantifying the effects that soil physicochemical properties have on various ecotoxicological endpoints, including phytotoxicity. to this end, 14 agricultural soils from australia with differing soil properties were spiked with copper (cu) and zinc (zn) salts and used to conduct 21-d plant growth inhibition tests using wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in pot trials. the toxicity of cu and zn was sim ...200818333681
comparative mapping of hkt genes in wheat, barley, and rice, key determinants of na+ transport, and salt tolerance.salt tolerance of plants depends on hkt transporters (high-affinity k(+) transporter), which mediate na(+)-specific transport or na(+)-k(+) co-transport. gene sequences closely related to rice hkt genes were isolated from hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum) or barley (hordeum vulgare) for genomic dna southern hybridization analysis. hkt gene sequences were mapped on chromosomal arms of wheat and barley using wheat chromosome substitution lines and barley-wheat chromosome addition lines. in ...200818325922
genome-wide analysis for identification of salt-responsive genes in common wheat.to identify salt-responsive genes in wheat, global expression analysis of transcripts was carried out using oligo-dna microarrays. microarrays have been designed from approximately 32,000 unique wheat genes classified from a large number of expressed sequence tags (ests). two-week-old seedlings of wheat were treated with 150 mm nacl for 1, 6, and 24 h, and their roots and shoots were separately subjected to analyses. consequently, 5,996 genes showed changes in expression of more than twofold and ...200818320247
characterization of the nature of photosynthetic recovery of wheat seedlings from short-term dark heat exposures and analysis of the mode of acclimation to different light intensities.the nature of photosynthetic recovery was investigated in 10-d-old wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. moskovskaya-35) seedlings exposed to temperatures of 40 and 42 degrees c for 20 min and to temperature 42 degrees c for 40 min in the dark. the aftereffect of heat treatment was monitored by growing the heat-treated plants in low/moderate/high light at 20 degrees c for 72h. the net photosynthetic rates (p(n)) and the fluorescence ratios f(v)/f(m) were evaluated in intact primary leaves and the rat ...200818313168
assessing the genetic relatedness of higher ozone sensitivity of modern wheat to its wild and cultivated progenitors/relatives.modern wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most ozone (o(3))-sensitive crops. however, little is known about its genetic background of o(3) sensitivity, which is fundamental for breeding o(3)-resistant cultivars. wild and cultivated species of winter wheat including donors of the a, b and d genomes of t. aestivum were exposed to 100 ppb o(3) or charcoal-filtered air in open top chambers for 21 d. responses to o(3) were assessed by visible o(3) injury, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescenc ...200818310606
molecular characterization and genomic organization of low molecular weight glutenin subunit genes at the glu-3 loci in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.).in this study, we report on the molecular characterization and genomic organization of the low molecular weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs) gene family in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). eighty-two positive bac clones were identified to contain lmw-gs genes from the hexaploid wheat 'glenlea' bac library via filter hybridization and pcr validation. twelve unique lmw glutenin genes and seven pseudogenes were isolated from these positive bac clones by primer-template mismatch pcr and subseque ...200818305921
use of expression analysis to dissect alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in wheat leaves during drought stress.water deficit in plants causes a reduction in photosynthesis and high demands for osmolyte synthesis. to elucidate regulation of carbohydrate metabolic genes in wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves during drought stress, we performed a systematic expression study using quantitative rt-pcr and cdna microarray. these analyses revealed that expression levels of most genes encoding chloroplast enzymes involved in carbon fixation (calvin cycle) were reduced in the leaves during prolonged drought stress. ...200818299801
fumigation of wheat using liquid ethyl formate plus methyl isothiocyanate in 50-tonne farm bins.australian standard white wheat, triticum aestivum l. (a marketing grade with mixed grain hardness),with a moisture content of 12.5% was fumigated with a new ethyl formate formulation (95% ethyl formate plus 5% methyl isothiocyanate) identified and developed by commonwealth scientific and industrial research organization entomology, canberra, australia. wheat was fumigated with the formulation at a calculated application rate of 80 g/m3 in two 50-tonne sealed metal vertical silos located at fish ...200818459432
transcript expression profile of water-limited roots of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum 'opata').triticum aestivum 'opata' is an elite hard red spring wheat that has been used as a parent of the itmi (international triticeae mapping inititative) mapping population and also in the production of synthetically derived hexaploid wheats, some of which (following selection) show increased drought tolerance relative to opata. here, we describe the response of opata roots to water withholding, using physiological variables and oligonucleotide microarrays. we identified 394 distinct transcripts whos ...200818438439
a high-density intervarietal map of the wheat genome enriched with markers derived from expressed sequence tags.bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a hexaploid species with a large and complex genome. a reference genetic marker map, namely the international triticeae mapping initiative (itmi) map, has been constructed with the recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross involving a synthetic line. but it is not sufficient for a full understanding of the wheat genome under artificial selection without comparing it with intervarietal maps. using an intervarietal mapping population derived by c ...200818437345
genetic mapping of a mutant gene producing three pistils per floret in common wheat.a common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) mutation that produces 3 pistils (tp) per floret may result in formation of up to 3 kernels per floret. the tp trait may be important for increasing the number of grains per spike and for improving the yield potential through breeding. this trait is determined by the dominant pis1 gene. genetic mapping of pis1 involved 234 microsatellite markers and bulk segregant analysis of a cross of the tp line with novosibirskaya 67. the pis1 gene is located on chromoso ...200818436987
metabolic pathways of the wheat (triticum aestivum) endosperm amyloplast revealed by proteomics.by definition, amyloplasts are plastids specialized for starch production. however, a proteomic study of amyloplasts isolated from wheat (triticum aestivum butte 86) endosperm at 10 days after anthesis (dpa) detected enzymes from many other metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. to better understand the role of amyloplasts in food production, the data from that study were evaluated in detail and an amyloplast metabolic map was outlined.200818419817
[effects of mono- and mixed culture on the grain yield and water use efficiency of two winter wheat cultivars].taking two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars changwu 135 and pingliang 40 commonly cultivated in the semi-arid area on loess plateau as test materials, and by the method of ecological replacement, a 2-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of mono- and mixed culture on the grain yield and water use efficiency of the cultivars. the results showed that under mono-culture, pingliang 40 had a much higher unit area root biomass (367.60 g x m(-2)) than changwu 135 (297.31 ...200818419078
a diurnal component to the variation in sieve tube amino acid content in wheat.we have used high-sensitivity capillary electrophoresis coupled to a laser-induced fluorescence detection method to quantify 16 amino acids in wheat (triticum aestivum) sieve tube (st) samples as small as 2 nl collected by severing the stylets of feeding aphids. the sensitivity of the method was sufficient to determine a quantitative amino acid profile of individual sts without the need to bulk samples to produce larger volumes for analysis. this allowed the observation of the full range of vari ...200818417638
diversification of lrk/tak kinase gene clusters is associated with subfunctionalization and cultivar-specific transcript accumulation in barley.lrk (lr10 receptor-like kinase) and tak (triticum aestivum kinase) belong to the receptor-like kinase (rlk) supergene family in higher plants. three lrk/tak gene regions spanning greater than 600 kb were identified via a genome-wide survey of barley gene-rich bac clones. two lrk/tak gene clusters are positioned on barley chromosome 3 (3h) and another is localized on chromosome 5 (1h), with each lrk and tak open reading frame physically positioned in a back-to-back orientation. thirteen new lrk/t ...200818414912
[the effects of alien chromosomes on common wheat resistance to biotrophic fungal pathogens].effective, perhaps new genes of resistance to brown rust and powdery mildew expressed in common wheat genome in plant ontogenesis were revealed on additive chromosomes of aegilops searsii, aegilops longissima, secale montanum and elytrigia elongata.200818411754
[construction and molecular and cytogenetic analyses of euploid (2n = 42) and telocentric addition (2n = 42 + 2t) alloplasmic lines (hordeum marinum subsp gussoneanum)-triticum aestivum].individual plants from the bc1f5 and bc1f6 backcross progenies of barley--wheat (= h. geniculatum all.) (2n = 28) x t. aestivum l. (2n = 42)] and the bc1f6 progeny of their amphiploids were used to obtain alloplasmic euploid (2n = 42) lines l-28, l-29, and l-49 and alloplasmic telocentric addition (2n = 42 + 2t) lines l-37, l-38, and l-50. the lines were examined by genomic in situ hybridization (gish), microsatellite analysis, chromosome c-banding, and pcr analysis of the mitochondrial 18s/5s r ...200818409390
overexpression of the maize teosinte branched1 gene in wheat suppresses tiller development.the number of viable shoots influences the overall architecture and productivity of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the development of lateral branches, or tillers, largely determines the resultant canopy. tillers develop from the outgrowth of axillary buds, which form in leaf axils at the crown of the plant. tiller number can be reduced if axillary buds are not formed or if the outgrowth of these buds is restricted. the teosinte branched1 (tb1) gene in maize, and homologs in rice and arabidopsis, ...200818392625
real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for endogenous reference gene for specific detection and quantification of common wheat-derived dna (triticum aestivum l.).a species-specific endogenous reference gene system was developed for polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based analysis in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by targeting the almt1 gene, an aluminium-activated malate transporter. the primers and probe were elaborated for real-time pcr-based qualitative and quantitative assay. the size of amplified product is 95 base pairs. the specificity was assessed on 17 monocot and dicot plant species. the established real-time pcr assay amplified only t. aest ...200817580632
mitochondrial alternative pathway is associated with development of freezing tolerance in common wheat.cold acclimation is an adaptive process for acquiring cold/freezing tolerance in wheat. to clarify the cultivar difference of freezing tolerance, we compared mitochondrial respiration activity and the expression profile of alternative oxidase (aox) genes under low-temperature conditions using two common wheat cultivars differing in freezing tolerance. during cold acclimation, the respiration capacity of the alternative pathway significantly increased in a freezing-tolerant cultivar compared with ...200817766003
heat-induced accumulation of chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor, ef-tu, in winter wheat.chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor, ef-tu, has been implicated in heat tolerance in maize (zea mays). chloroplast ef-tu is highly conserved, and it is possible that this protein may be of importance to heat tolerance in other species including wheat (triticum aestivum). in this study, we assessed heat tolerance and determined the relative levels of ef-tu in mature plants (at flowering stage) of 12 cultivars of winter wheat experiencing a 16-d-long heat treatment (36/30 degrees c, da ...200817498838
[the effects of gene rht8 alleles in agronomic traits of winter bread wheat in the conditions of south steppe of the ukraine].resistance to frost, winterhardiness, yield and its components were investigated in recombinant-inbred lines f5 odesskaya 16/bezostaya 1 and 61 winter wheat varieties differing on the alleles of rht8 gene. the absence of influence of gene rht8 different alleles on the tested traits was shown. the high frequency of distribution of alleles rht8c in modern wheat varieties developed in plant breeding and genetics institute is a result of high frequency of use of this allele in genetic pool after 195 ...200817494341
characterization of phytoene synthase 1 gene (psy1) located on common wheat chromosome 7a and development of a functional marker.phytoene synthase (psy), a critical enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, demonstrated high association with the yellow pigment (yp) content in wheat grain. characterization of psy genes and the development of functional markers for them are of importance for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding. in this study, the full-length genomic dna sequence of a psy gene (psy-a1) located on chromosome 7a, was characterized by in silico cloning and experimental validation. the cloned psy-a1 ...200817943267
short-term effects on soil properties and wheat production from secondary paper sludge application on two mediterranean agricultural soils.this study was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the potential use of sps as a fertilizer, amendment and/or liming agent for wheat (triticum aestivum l.). two representative mediterranean agricultural soils, a cambic arenosol (cmar) and a cromic cambisol (crcm) were used. treatments included four sludge rates ranging from 0 to 40 g kg(-1) (equivalent of 0, 38, 88 and 120 mg ha(-1)). a significant increment in soil ph, organic carbon, n total, available p and exchangeable k were o ...200817964139
the bo1-specific pcr marker aww5l7 is predictive of boron tolerance status in a range of exotic durum and bread wheats.high soil boron (b) constitutes a major soil problem in many parts of the world, particularly in low-rainfall areas and land under irrigation. low accumulation of b in the shoot or grain of cereal crops is correlated with the maintenance of biomass production and grain yield under high b conditions, suggesting that this trait is an important component of field tolerance. a novel screening protocol to measure b accumulation in aerated and supported hydroponics was validated using a set of known a ...200819088810
[cdcl2-induced morphogenetic variation of triticum aestivum cultivars].the effect cadmium chloride on released local cultivars of soft spring wheat (triticum aestivum) has been studied under laboratory and field conditions in order to widen the variation spectrum of this plant. it has been found that treatment of grains with a 0.01% aqueous solution of cdcl2 induces the appearance of tall, strong plants with productive bushiness in the m1 generation that are characterized by various morphological changes: elongated ears, scales, and grains; increased number of grai ...200819137733
identification of dreb homologous genes in bread wheat via codehop pcr primer design.in this study, we exploit the useful described codehop primer design and rt-pcr strategy for targeted isolation of homologues in large gene families. the method was tested with two different objectives. the first was to apply codehop strategy for design degenerate oligonucleotide primers in a broad range of plant species. the second was to isolate an orthologus of the transcription factor of dehydration-responsive element binding protein (dreb) and to determine the complexity of gene family in b ...200819266903
characterization of novel lmw-gs genes at glu-d3 locus on chromosome 1d in aegilops tauschii.the objectives of this study were to clarify the relationship between lmw-gs glu-d3 gene of ae. tauschii registered in genbank and the six glu-d3 genes including 12 allelic variants of common wheat characterized in our previous studies, and identify novel glu-d3 genes and haplotypes from ae. tauschii using gene specific pcr amplification. by searching the ncbi database, 13 lmw-gs genes/pseudogenes of ae. tauschii were retrieved and classified into five gene families based on their nucleotide sim ...200819076692
[genetic analysis of a novel aurea mutant in wheat].a novel spontaneous chlorina mutation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was found in 2000. three types of phenotypes, i.e., green plant, intermediate yellow-green plants (or chlorina), and yellow plant (aurea), were observed in the selfed progenies of the mutant. the aurea plants usually died before heading stage, and the intermediate plants were viable but less vigorous and developed later than the green plant. the mutant wheat was analyzed genetically after self-pollination and crossing with nor ...200819073577
kinetics of carotenoids degradation during the storage of einkorn (triticum monococcum l. ssp. monococcum) and bread wheat (triticum aestivum l. ssp. aestivum) flours.to evaluate the effect of storage temperature, the degradation kinetics of carotenoids in wholemeal and white flour of einkorn cv. monlis and bread wheat cv. serio, stored at -20, 5, 20, 30, and 38 degrees c, was assessed by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. in monlis, the carotenoids content (8.1 and 9.8 mg/kg for wholemeal and white flour, respectively) was 8-fold higher than in serio (1.0 and 1.1 mg/kg). only lutein and zeaxanthin were detected in bread wheat, while signifi ...200818998697
evidence of ceased programmed cell death in metaphloem sieve elements in the developing caryopsis of triticum aestivum l.transmission electron microscopy (tem) and fluorescence microscopy studies revealed that the metaphloem sieve elements (mses) in the ventral vascular bundle of the caryopses of developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) undergo a unique type of programmed cell death (pcd). terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dutp nick-end labeling (tunel)-positive nuclei were observed at 3 and 4 days after flowering (daf). transmission electron microscopy studies of differentiating mses revealed increase ...200818985425
new insights into the origin of the b genome of hexaploid wheat: evolutionary relationships at the spa genomic region with the s genome of the diploid relative aegilops speltoides.several studies suggested that the diploid ancestor of the b genome of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species belongs to the sitopsis section, having aegilops speltoides (ss, 2n = 14) as the closest identified relative. however molecular relationships based on genomic sequence comparison, including both coding and non-coding dna, have never been investigated. in an attempt to clarify these relationships, we compared, in this study, sequences of the storage protein activator (spa) locus region of ...200819032732
magnesium-isotope fractionation during plant growth.magnesium is an essential nutrient, which activates more enzymes than any other mineral element and, thus, plays an important role in biogeochemical cycles. with three stable isotopes naturally abundant (24mg, 78.992%; 25mg, 10.003%; 26mg, 11.005%), magnesium stable isotope fractionation may provide insights into these cycles. here, we detail for the first time the magnesium stable-isotope distribution in a higher plant, wheat (triticum aestivum l.), during its growth cycle. wheat plants were gr ...200819031868
mapping qtls for pre-harvest sprouting tolerance on chromosome 2d in a synthetic hexaploid wheat x common wheat cross.based on segregation distortion of simple sequence repeat (ssr) molecular markers, we detected a significant quantitative trait loci (qtl) for pre-harvest sprouting (phs) tolerance on the short arm of chromosome 2d (2ds) in the extremely susceptible population of f2 progeny generated from the cross of phs tolerant synthetic hexaploid wheat cultivar 'rsp' and phs susceptible bread wheat cultivar '88-1643'. to identify the qtl of phs tolerance, we constructed two ssr-based genetic maps of 2ds in 2 ...200819029680
structural changes in root tips of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in response to olive oil mill wastewater.toxic effects of the wastewater were investigated ultrastructurally in root tips of triticum aestivum. as a result, wall and nuclear degradations, disruptions in all cytoplasmic membranes, irregular nucleus shapes and cellular organization defects were densely detected. besides, germination ratio, total protein contents, dna contents and root-shoot growth were found to be decreased significantly when compared to the control group. results were compared with those of recent studies regarding exce ...200818983041
molecular characterization of lmw-gs genes from a somatic hybrid introgression line ii-12 between triticum aestivum and agropyron elongatum in relation to quick evolution.in order to exploit the evolution and find novel low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs) for improvement of common wheat quality, thirteen variants from a somatic hybrid introgression line ii-12 between triticum aestivum cv. jinan 177 (jn177) and agropyron elongatum were characterized via genomic pcr. four clones were pseudogenes because they contained an internal stop codon. the remaining nine variants contained intact open reading frames (orfs). sequence alignment indicates that the pro ...200819103430
wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings secrete proteases from the roots and, after protein addition, grow well on medium without inorganic nitrogen.this paper reports on the role of proteases secreted by roots in nitrogen capture by plants. the study was conducted on aseptically cultivated wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum cv. tacher) obtained from embryos isolated from grains. seedlings were cultivated for 21 days on deionised water, murashige skoog medium (ms), ms without inorganic nitrogen (in), and ms without in, in which in was replaced by casein (0.01%, 0.1% or 1%). comparison of seedlings grown on these media showed that casein enti ...200818950429
[molecular marker analysis of wheat-roegneria ciliaris additions lines.].a total of 135 est, 27 sts, and 253 ssr primer pairs located in 7 homoeologous groups of wheat and barly were used for amplification of 24 possible wheat-r. ciliaris disomic addition lines. fifty-five primer pairs could amplified polymorphic bands between common wheat variety "inayama komugi" and the inayama komugi- r. ciliaris amphiploid, and 31 of the 55 could amplify the specific bands of r. ciliaris in the addition lines. according to the pcr (polymerase chain reaction) results, the added r. ...200818930898
homoeologous gene silencing in tissue cultured wheat callus.in contrast to diploids, most polyploid plant species, which include the hexaploid bread wheat, possess an additional layer of epigenetic complexity. several studies have demonstrated that polyploids are affected by homoeologous gene silencing, a process in which sub-genomic genomic copies are selectively transcriptionally inactivated. this form of silencing can be tissue specific and may be linked to developmental or stress responses.200818928533
[identification of catalytically active groups of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germ lipase].the active site of wheat germ lipase was studied by the dixon method and chemical modification. the profile of curve logv = f(ph), pk and ionization heat values, lipase photoinactivation, and lipase inactivation with diethylpyrocarbonate and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide led us to assume that the active site of the enzyme comprises the carboxylic group of aspartic or glutamic acid and the imidazole group of histidine. apparently, the oh-group of serine plays a key role in catalysis: as a result of in ...200818924403
variation in the content of dietary fiber and components thereof in wheats in the healthgrain diversity screen.within the healthgrain diversity screening program, the variation in the content of dietary fiber and components thereof in different types of wheat was studied. the wheat types were winter (131 varieties) and spring (20 varieties) wheats (both triticum aestivum l., also referred to as common wheats), durum wheat (triticum durum desf., 10 varieties), spelt wheat (triticum spelta l., 5 varieties), einkorn wheat (t. monococcum l., 5 varieties), and emmer wheat (triticum dicoccum schubler, 5 variet ...200818921978
folate in wheat genotypes in the healthgrain diversity screen.as part of the diversity screen of the healthgrain project, the total folate contents of bread wheat (130 winter and 20 spring wheat genotypes), durum wheat (10 genotypes), earlier cultivated diploid einkorn and tetraploid emmer wheat (5 genotypes of each), and spelt (5 genotypes), grown in the same location in a controlled manner, were determined by a microbiological assay. the total folate contents ranged from 364 to 774 ng/g of dm in winter wheat and from 323 to 741 ng/g of dm in spring wheat ...200818921972
tocopherols and tocotrienols in wheat genotypes in the healthgrain diversity screen.tocopherol and tocotrienol compositions were studied in 175 genotypes of different wheat types grown under similar conditions to screen for natural diversity. the main focus was on bread wheats, including 130 and 20 winter and spring types, respectively. the average total content of tocopherols and tocotrienols was 49.4 microg/g of dm, with a range of 27.6-79.7 microg/g of dm, indicating a 2.9-fold variation among genotypes. beta-tocotrienol and alpha-tocopherol were the major vitamers, and in g ...200818921970
analysis of wheat sage tags reveals evidence for widespread antisense transcription.serial analysis of gene expression (sage) is a powerful tool for genome-wide transcription studies. unlike microarrays, it has the ability to detect novel forms of rna such as alternatively spliced and antisense transcripts, without the need for prior knowledge of their existence. one limitation of using sage on an organism with a complex genome and lacking detailed sequence information, such as the hexaploid bread wheat triticum aestivum, is accurate annotation of the tags generated. without ac ...200818847483
the chromosome region including the earliness per se locus eps-am1 affects the duration of early developmental phases and spikelet number in diploid wheat.earliness per se genes are those that regulate flowering time independently of vernalization and photoperiod, and are important for the fine tuning of flowering time and for the wide adaptation of wheat to different environments. the earliness per se locus eps-a(m)1 was recently mapped within a 0.8 cm interval on chromosome 1a(m)l of diploid wheat triticum monococcum l., and it was shown that its effect was modulated by temperature. in this study, this precise mapping information was used to cha ...200818836186
a physical map of the 1-gigabase bread wheat chromosome 3b.as the staple food for 35% of the world's population, wheat is one of the most important crop species. to date, sequence-based tools to accelerate wheat improvement are lacking. as part of the international effort to sequence the 17-billion-base-pair hexaploid bread wheat genome (2n = 6x = 42 chromosomes), we constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac)-based integrated physical map of the largest chromosome, 3b, that alone is 995 megabases. a chromosome-specific bac library was used to a ...200818832645
genome organisation and retrotransposon driven molecular evolution of the endosperm hardness (ha) locus in triticum aestivum cv glenlea.wheat endosperm texture is controlled primarily by a locus (ha), which comprises gsp-1, pina and pinb genes encoding the so-called grain softness protein, puroindoline-a and puroindoline-b, respectively. pina and pinb were detected only on the d-genome of hexaploid wheat and its diploid progenitors while gsp-1 was on all three homoeologous loci. hexaploid cultivar glenlea has a hard phenotype due to a null pina genotype (d-genome) but the sequence organization is not reported. this study aimed a ...200818830712
cell membrane surface potential (psi0) plays a dominant role in the phytotoxicity of copper and arsenate.negative charges at cell membrane surfaces (cms) create a surface electrical potential (psi(0)) that affects ion concentrations at the cms and consequently affects the phytotoxicity of metallic cations and metalloid anions in different ways. the zeta potentials of root protoplasts of wheat (triticum aestivum), as affected by the ionic environment of the solution, were measured and compared with the values of psi(0) calculated with a gouy-chapman-stern model. the mechanisms for the effects of cat ...200818829983
[dependence of cross-pollination indices on genotype characteristics of winter common wheat].out-crossing indices (the out-rcrossing rate, the frequency of plants with cross-pollination and outcrossing intensity) in f2 plants of winter common wheat from the reciprocal cross b-16 x odesskaya krasnokolosaya were analysed using storage proteins as genetic markers. outcrossing indices greatly differed depending on growth conditions. the out-crossing rate was 0,35 % (odessa, 2000) and 5,11% (kyiv, 2004). the highest out-crossing indices were detected in homozygotes for the presence of the ry ...200818822866
using the alkanes and long-chain alcohols of plant cuticular wax to estimate diet composition and the intakes of mixed forages in sheep consuming a known amount of alkane-labelled supplement.in a feeding trial with 24 sheep, we used the alkanes, long-chain alcohols (lcoh) or both of these plant wax markers, to estimate the diet composition of animals offered diets comprising alkane-labelled cottonseed meal (csm) together with up to four forages. the diets used were: diet 1 subterranean clover (trifolium subterraneum); diet 2 subterranean clover + phalaris (phalaris aquatica); diet 3 subterranean clover, phalaris + annual ryegrass (lolium rigidum); and diet 4 subterranean clover, pha ...200822443905
molecular aspects of drought tolerance in bread wheat (t. aestivum).in order to evaluate molecular indices of drought tolerance and selection of drought tolerance genotypes in bread wheat a randomized complete block design was carried out with three replications in the field of research station of sararood, kermanshah, iran. positive significant correlation coefficient was observed between grain yield and proline, soluble sugar and total protein under rainfed condition. based on the grain yield, proline content, soluble sugar and total protein the genotypes were ...200818819604
tolerance of 42 bread wheat genotypes to drought stress after anthesis.the present research characterized yield and yield components of 42 wheat genotypes after terminal drought stress. the experiment was in twice replicated simple rectangular lattice design, conducted at irrigated and terminal stress conditions during 2006-2007. these study genotypes had significant differences for grain yield at level of 1%. genotypes 4057, viking/5/gds/4.., sabalan and 5041 respectively with 6.313, 6.159, 5.793 and 5.774 t ha(-1) had the highest yield and gascogen has the lowest ...200818817264
incorporation of ammi stability value and grain yield in a single non-parametric index (gsi) in bread wheat.in order to determine stable bread wheat genotypes with high grain yield via a single parameter, field experiments were conducted with 20 genotypes for 4 consecutive years in two different conditions (irrigated and rainfed) in a completely randomized block design with three replications in each environment. combined analysis of variance showed highly significant differences for the ge interaction indicating the possibility of selection for stable entries. the results of additive main effect and ...200818817218
potential phytoavailability of anthropogenic cobalt in soils as measured by isotope dilution techniques.isotope dilution is a useful technique to determine the potential phytoavailability of an element in soil. this method involves equilibrating an isotope with soil and then sampling the labile metal pool by analysis of the soil solution (e value) or plants growing in the soil (l value). the work reported here was conducted to evaluate the distribution coefficient (kd), and the potential phytoavailability (e value) of cobalt (co) in eight soils subjected to the atmospheric deposition of anthropoge ...200818762325
a novel chimeric low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene from the wild relatives of wheat aegilops kotschyi and ae. juvenalis: evolution at the glu-3 loci.four lmw-m and one novel chimeric (between lmw-i and lmw-m types) low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs) genes from aegilops neglecta (uumm), ae. kotschyi (uuss), and ae. juvenalis (ddmmuu) were isolated and characterized. sequence structures showed that the 4 lmw-m-type genes, assigned to the m genome of ae. neglecta, displayed a high homology with those from hexaploid common wheat. the novel chimeric gene, designed as ajklmw-i, was isolated from both ae. kotschyi and ae. juvenalis and ...200818757939
dynamics and differential proliferation of transposable elements during the evolution of the b and a genomes of wheat.transposable elements (tes) constitute >80% of the wheat genome but their dynamics and contribution to size variation and evolution of wheat genomes (triticum and aegilops species) remain unexplored. in this study, 10 genomic regions have been sequenced from wheat chromosome 3b and used to constitute, along with all publicly available genomic sequences of wheat, 1.98 mb of sequence (from 13 bac clones) of the wheat b genome and 3.63 mb of sequence (from 19 bac clones) of the wheat a genome. anal ...200818780739
[two-dimensional electrophoresis on anther total proteins of male sterility induced by chemical hybridizing agent and heredity type in wheat].the isonucleus-allocytoplasmic materials ms(s)-xinong 1376, (a)-xinong 1376, and ms(a)-xinong 1376 were used to investigate the protein expression profile in mononucleated anaphase anthers of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) after silver staining and analysis by pdquest software. about 320 to 350 distinct protein spots were detected reproducibly. the results indicated that there were some difference in the protein quantity between the two sterile lines and the maintainer line. several specific spots ...200818779159
genetics of leaf and stripe rust resistance in a bread wheat cultivar tonichi. 200818776651
development of triticum turgidum subsp. durum--aegilops longissima amphiploids with high iron and zinc content through unreduced gamete formation in f1 hybrids.four different interspecific hybrids involving three different accessions of aegilops longissima schweinf. & muschl. with high grain iron and zinc content and three triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum (desf.) husn. cultivars with low micronutrient content were made for durum wheat biofortification and investigated for chromosome pairing, fertility, putative amphiploidy, and micronutrient content. the chromosome pairing in the 21-chromosome f1 hybrids (absl) consisted of 0-6 rod bivalents and occas ...200818772954
[the effect of low temperature on the microtubules in root meristem cells of spring and winter cultivars of wheat triticum aestivum l].we have studied the response of the interphase and mitotis microtubule arrays in root meristem cells of spring and winter cultivars of wheat triticum aestivum l. (moskovskaya 35 and moskovskaya 39) during cold stress (1 h at 0 degrees c) and acclimation to cold (3-48 h at 0 degrees c). our data show that interphase microtubules are more resistant to cold than mitotic arrays in both cultivars. during cold stress the density of endoplasmic microtubules increases in interphase cells of winter plant ...200818771175
detection of high molecular weight glutenin subunits in triticale (x triticosecale wittm.) cultivars by capillary zone electrophoresis.an improved method for separating and characterizing high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) in hexaploid triticale by capillary zone electrophoresis (cze) was developed. a low-concentrate mixture of hydrophilic polymers, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (pvp) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (hpmc), in an isoelectric buffer was employed for dynamic coating of the capillary inner wall. in separation buffer pvp with lower concentrated poly(ethylene oxide) (peo) was replaced. the cze electropherogr ...200818808142
[toxic effect of musk ketone based on the determinations of wheat (triticum aestivum) seed germination and root elongation].through the determinations of wheat (triticum aestivum) seed germination and seedling growth, the toxic effect of emerging pollutant musk ketone was investigated. the results showed that 10 mg x kg(-1) of musk ketone could significantly inhibit the seed germination rate (p < 0. 05) and the seedling's root- and shoot elongation of wheat (p <0.01), and there existed a significant (p < 0.01) dose-effect relationship between musk ketone and root- and shoot elongation, suggesting that the seedling's ...200818808038
[evolution characteristics of flag leaf photosynthesis and grain yield of wheat cultivars bred in different years].taking six winter wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars, i. e., 'wangshuibai' and 'bima 1' bred in 1950s, 'zhengyin 1' and 'yangmai 1' bred in 1970s, and 'yumai 34' and 'ningmai 9' bred in 1990s, as test materials, field experiments were conducted to study the evolution characteristics of their flag leaf photosynthesis and grain yield. the results showed that compared with those bred in 1950s and 1970s, the cultivars bred in 1990s had higher chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (pn), ps ii ...200818808017
dynamics of light and nitrogen distribution during grain filling within wheat canopy.in monocarpic species, during the reproductive stage the growing grains represent a strong sink for nitrogen (n) and trigger n remobilization from the vegetative organs, which decreases canopy photosynthesis and accelerates leaf senescence. the spatiotemporal distribution of n in a reproductive canopy has not been described in detail. here, we investigated the role of the local light environment on the spatiotemporal distribution of leaf lamina n mass per unit leaf area (sln) during grain fillin ...200818799664
new dna markers for high molecular weight glutenin subunits in wheat.end-use quality is one of the priorities of modern wheat (triticum aestivum l.) breeding. even though quality is a complex trait, high molecular weight (hmw) glutenins play a major role in determining the bread making quality of wheat. dna markers developed from the sequences of hmw glutenin genes were reported in several previous studies to facilitate marker-assisted selection (mas). however, most of the previously available markers are dominant and amplify large dna fragments, and thus are not ...200818797838
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