Publications

[identification of conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria in laboratory practice in the diagnosis of acute intestinal diseases].	identification of 361 cultures isolated from patients suffering from various acute intestinal diseasesand from persons who had sustained them, as well as from contacts and persons examined prophylactically with the use of various biochemical tests showed that ty their taxonomic properties the cultures were referred to conditionally-pathogenic representatives of enterobacteriaceae of the corresponding genera:citrobacter, hafnia, klebsiella, proteus, providencia. serological typing of the strains ...	1976	1007731
[bacteria of the citrobacter genus as one of the possible indeices of dysbacteriosis in intestinal diseases].	a study of the incidence of detection of bacteria of the citrobacter genus in chronic intestinal diseases with the clinical and bacteriological manifestations of dysbacteriosis indicated that the mentioned conditioned pathogenic bacteria were revealed with the same frequency as bacteria of the proteus genus which served as the commonly accepted index of intestinal dysbacteriosis. comparative analysis of the intestinal microbial flora of the patients led to a supposition that bacteria of the citr ...	1976	1007743
[klebsiella resistant to gentamycin in a hospital milieu].		1976	1007803
a rapid method of disinfecting the bronchofiberscope.	a method of disinfecting the bronchofiberscope that requires 5 minutes was tested against mycobacterium tuberculosis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens, klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, candida albicans, influenza virus, and rhinovirus. the bronchofiberscope was contaminated with either sputum or mucin containing the microorganism. disinfection was performed by washing the inner channel and the outer sheath with a hexachlorophene detergent followed by a solution containing ...	1976	1008353
cefamandole: in vitro and clinical pharmacokinetics.	cefamandole has a broader spectrum and greater potency than the other cephalosporins. it includes haemophilus influenzae, most strains of enterobacter, and many strains of indole-positive proteus and bacteroides, with a lower minimal inhibitory concentration for escherichia coli, klebsiella, etc. concentrations of drug in the serum after the parenteral injection of cefamandole exceed manyfold the minimal inhibitory concentrations of over 82% of the bacteria studied. approximately 65 to 85% is ex ...	1976	1008540
antibiotic synergy and antagonism against clinical isolates of klebsiella species.	minimal inhibitory concentrations of kanamycin, gentamicin, amikacin, cephalothin, and chloramphenicol were determined in trypticase soy broth for 70 clinical isolates of klebsiella species. gentamicin and amikacin were the most active on a weight basis. chloramphenicol was more active than kanamycin, and cephalothin was the least active of all. studies using a microtiter modification of the checkerboard technique were performed to evaluate the comparative activity of the three aminoglycosides i ...	1976	1008547
enterotoxin-producing bacteria and parasites in stools of ethiopian children with diarrhoeal disease.	enterotoxinogenic bacteria were isolated from 131 (37%) of 354 ethiopian infants and children with acute gastrointestinal symptoms. only one of these isolates belonged to the classical enteropathogenic serotypes of esch. coli. two colonies from each patient were isolated and tested for production of enterotoxin by the rabbit ileal loop test, the rabbit skin test, and an adrenal cell assay. however, only 38% of the isolated enterotoxinogenic strains were esch. coli; the others belonged to klebsie ...	1976	1008593
klebsiella aerogenes in mares.		1976	1014302
[microbiological and cytological aspects of the aspirate bronchoscopy (author's transl)].	the authors compare by microbiological and cytological aspect the result got by sputum and aspirate at bronchoscopy. they point out that aspirate at bronchoscopy permits a more significant etiological diagnosis by both microbiological or cytological point of view.	1976	1015866
the role of energy-spilling reactions in the growth of klebsiella aerogenes nctc 418 in aerobic chemostat culture.	when cell-saturating amounts of glucose and phosphate were added to steady state cultures of klebsiella aerogenes that were, respectively, glucose- and phosphate-limited, the organisms responded immediately with an increased oxygen consumption rate. this suggested that in neither case was glucose transport the rate-limiting process, and also that organisms must possess effective mechanisms for spilling the excess energy initially generated when a growth-limitation is temporarily relieved. steady ...	1976	1015953
concentrations of cefazolin in human skeletal muscle.	tissue concentrations of cefazolin were measured in 18 patients undergoing urological operations. specimens of skeletal muscle and blood were taken simultaneously at predetermined intervals. the concentrations in serum and homogenized skeletal muscle were determined by means of the agar well diffusion method. a comparison of standard curves obtained with phosphate buffer solution and the supernatant of muscle homogenate revealed no substantial binding of cefazolin to the supernatant of muscle ho ...	1976	1017877
[the patient as a source of bacteria in intensive care units: influence of antibiotics and tracheal intubation (author's transl)].	133 patients in an intensive care unit, who prior to admission had not shown any signs of bacterial infection and had not received antibiotic treatment, were assigned to two groups at random. one group received antibiotic prophylaxis with penicillins or cephalosporins (+pat.), the other group did not receive antibiotics (-pat.). staph. aureus was the most frequent facultative pathogen in tracheal secretions and in the environment of "-pat.". this organism was significantly more frequent in "-pat ...	1976	1017879
[indices of bacterial contamination and natural resistance in wistar line laboratory rats].	conventional laboratory rats of wistar line are contaminated with bacterial flora. the predominating bacteria in the intestine were the rod-like forms, while in the mouth cavity and vagina predominated the coccal forms. the contamination level of the cavities and penetration of the contaminants into the internal organs depended on the state of the host natural resistance.	1976	1020946
taxonomical relationships klebsiella-enterobacter investigated by means of phage-bacteria systems.		1976	1021043
the problem of infections in acute leukemias. personal experience in diagnosis and treatment.	this report is based on experience over the last 5 years in the diagnosis and treatment of infections in 200 acute leukemic patients hospitalized in the institute of haematology, university of rome. the relevant clinical and laboratory findings are discussed in relation to the diagnosis of secondary infections. most of the febrile episodes were associated with infection. the frequently rapid development of the infections in these patients requires empirical antibiotic treatment. the best results ...	1976	1025649
amikacin (bbk8) in infections due to gram-negative organisms in children over the age of one month.	thirty children over the age of one month were treated with amikacin (bbk8), a new aminoglycoside derived from kanamycin a, with three intramuscular dosage schedules. each group consisted of ten patients. the first received 7-5 mg/kg/12 hours, the second 7-5 mg/kg/24 hours and the third, 3-75 mg/kg/12 hours. the infections and the bacteria were similar in all three groups: pyelonephritis, abscesses of soft tissues, infected wounds, septicaemia, superinfected empyema, gastro-enteritis, chronic ot ...	1976	1026522
pneumonia syndromes in children.		1976	1027699
inhibition of adp-induced platelet aggregation as a possible test for evaluation of the enterotoxigenicity of some enterobacteria. preliminary study].	some culture filtrates or enterotoxin preparations from enterobacteria that activate the adenylate cyclase system (vibrio cholerae, lt fraction from escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae, shigella dysenteriae type 1) exibit an inhibiting effect on adp-induced platelet aggregation, while other enterotoxin preparations not effective on adenylate cyclase system, don't interfere with this model. the a. propose the platelet aggregation as cellular assay to detect enterotoxin fractions effective ...	1976	1028645
[vocal and laryngo-tracheal sequelae of prolonged intubation at the university medical clinic of the cantonal hospital at lausanne].	70 patients (39 men and 31 women) submitted to a prolonged intubation at the centre respiratoire de la clinique médicale universitaire de lausanne have been investigated. they represent the half of the patients having survived of 488 cases treated between january 1966 and june 1974. 33% of the investigated patients (i.e. 18% of all men and 48% of all females) complain about a permanent dysphonia related to the intubation. 17% of the patients (i.e. 13% of all men and 23% of all females) presented ...	1976	1034272
[microbial maps and blood cultures in acute leukemia].	microbial maps were performed taking swabs from nose, pharinx, external auditory meatus, groin, vagina, sputum and urine cultures in 69 cases of acute leukaemia, in order: to assess the germs' incidence in an "open ward" department; to eliminate the most dangerous pathogens with local treatment or with a selective therapy without broad-specturm antibiotics; to check, in the 43 cases followed from onset, the changes occurring during the admission and the disease progression; to collect data for c ...	1976	1035410
rhinoscleroma: a scanning electron-microscopic study.	nasal biopsies from 6 patients with rhinoscleroma were studied by scanning electron microscopy. numerous bacilli of different sizes were found on the epithelial surface. few bacilli with thin spiral terminal cilia were seen over the surface of large protruding non-epithelial cells. these cells appeared to be the mikulicz cells migrating from the tunica propria to the epithelial surface through small ulcerations. in the tunica propria, mikulicz cells containing numerous bacilli were observed. in ...	1976	1035417
gram-hegative bacillemia.	members of the klebsiella-enterobacter-serratia group now appear to be the most common cuase of gram-negative bacillemia, followed in order of frequency by e. coli, bacteroides, polymicrobic infection, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and miscellaneous pathogens. however, e coli continues to be the organism most frequently responsilbe for bacteremia arising from the urinary tract. although the urinary tract remains the most common portal of entry for gram-negative bacillemia, a wide variety of extraurina ...	1976	822557
susceptibility of "enterobacteria" to penicillins, cephalosporins, lincomycins, erythromycin, and rifampin.	agar dilution tests for susceptibility of gram-negative rods and enterococci were done with a number of penicillins, cephalosporins, lincomycin analogues, erythromycin, and rifampin. many in the first three categories were investigational drugs. all were generally less active than aminoglycoside and tetracycline antibiotics against gram-negative rods and more active against enterococci. cephalosporins as a group were more active than penicillins against klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli ...	1976	823280
microbiological studies on some bladder irrigation fluids.	a 1.5% glycine solution has recently been introduced as a bladder irrigation fluid. in this study, glycine solution was compared with two other recognised bladder irrigants (chlorhexidine and noxythiolin) for its inhibitory activity against common urinary tract pathogens. glycine solution supported the growth of nearly 50% of the bacterial strains tested whereas chlorhexidine and noxythiolin were completely inhibitory. in quantitative studies with selected strains it was found that growth could ...	1976	824207
[in-vitro synergism between beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycoside antibiotics in pseudomonas, proteus and klebsiella (proceedings)].		1976	824893
susceptibility of clinically important gram-negative bacilli to 15 antibiotics. comparison of patterns in poland and federal republic of germany.	three hundred and sixty strains of gram-negative bacilli (escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis, enterobacter cloacae, providencia, indole-positive and indole-negative proteus, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens), were isolated by random in poland and germany, and tested by agar dilution method for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents, including six cephalosporin derivatives, colistin, gentamycin and tobramycin, three newer tetracyclines, ampicillin and ...	1976	824896
glycerol dissimilation and its regulation in bacteria.		1976	825019
in vitro comparison of netilmicin, a semisynthetic derivative of sisomicin, and four other aminoglycoside antibiotics.	one hundred isolates of pseudomonas and enterobacteriaceae, of which 85 were chosen because of their resistance to gentamicin or amikacin, were tested for susceptibility to netilmicin (sch 20569), a new semisynthetic derivative of sisomicin, and to four other aminoglycosides. tests were performed in mueller-hinton agar and, with 43 of these isolates, also in mueller-hinton broth. most isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter, and serratia that were gentamicin resistant ...	1976	825021
[introduction of the bacteriophage mu into a nitrogen-fixing strain klebsiella pneumoniae m 5 a 1].	mu cts 62 a thermo-inductible mutant of phage mu was integrated in e. coli in to the broad host range rp4 plasmid. the hybrid plasmid rp4::mu cts 62 was then transferred by mating to the dinitrogen-fixing strain k. pneumoniae m5al. in klebsiella mu cts 62 is still heat inducible and the phage production is similar to that observed in e. coli. mu should be a useful tool for the genetic analysis of nitrogen fixation.	1976	825294
protection against gram-negative infection by 'super-active' antigen.	'super-active' antigens modified antigens released from bacteria which had been phagocytosed and killed by human leucocytes, were found to induce protective responses in mice within 24 h of immunization. at the earliest time (24 h) when immunized mice were protected against lethal intrapertoneal (i.p.) challenge by the bacteria from which which the 'super-active' antigens were made (proteus mirabilis) the leucocytes of peripheral blood from immunized mice showed enhanced phagocytosis and killing ...	1976	825449
in vitro susceptibility of clinically important bacteria to amikacin: correlation of results of broth dilution and disk sensitivity tests and effect of medium composition.	minimal inhibitory concentrations of amikacin for 296 strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria determined in mueller-hinton broth by the method recommended by the international collaborative study group confirmed previous observations that amikacin is effective against current clinical isolates sensitive to gentamicin and that strains moderatly sensitive or resistant to gentamicin are often inhibited by clinically achievable concentrations. a simple linear regression analysis was used ...	1976	825584
in vitro susceptibility of recently isolated gram-negative bacteria to gentamicin, sisomicin, tobramycin, and amikacin.	the emergence of bacteria with r-factor-mediated resistance transferable to many strains of pseudomononas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens, and some proteus and providencia species has been reported in hospitals in the rhine-main region of germany. in a comparative study, 1,250 strains belonging to 12 clinically important bacterial species were tested for susceptibility to gentamicin, sisomicin, tobramycin, and amikacin by the tube dilution methods. gentam ...	1976	825585
susceptibility of recently isolated bacteria to amikacin in vitro: comparisons with four other aminoglycoside antibiotics.	in vitro tests for susceptibility to amikacin and to four other aminoglycoside antibiotics were carried out with strains of many bacterial species by use of an agar dilution method and an inocula replicator. in general, amikacin was as active as or more active against most of the organims than kanamycin, neomycin, and streptomycin; in particular, amikacin was active against strains resistant to one or more of these three antibiotics. amikacin was more active than gentamicin against strains of no ...	1976	825588
use of amikacin in a hospital for children: microbiological and clinical studies.	trends in relative susceptibility of clinical isolates, mostly from newborns with nosocomial infections, to the aminoglycosides in use in a hospital for children are described and related to practical therapeutic aspects. currently, amikacin is the most effective of the available antibiotics against many gram-negative bacterial species, and its administration appears to be as complicated as that of other aminoglycosides. with 5 mug/ml taken as the cut-off point for susceptibility in vitro, 90% o ...	1976	825592
[lipid a antibody titers and o antibody titers in crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and acute enteritis (author's transl)].	in 18 patients with crohn's disease, 28 patients with ulcerative colitis, 24 patients with acute enteritis and in 68 healthy adults lipid a antibody titers were determined by the passive hemolysis test. in addition o antibody titers to polyvalent escherichia coli, klebsiella, proteus and pseudomonas aeruginosa antigens were measured by indirect hemagglutination. the patients with crohn's disease showed a statistically significant elevation of the lipid a antibody titers compared with each of th ...	1976	825710
[in vitro activity of cefoxitin, a new cephalosporin (author's transl)].	the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) of cefoxitin (cex), cefazolin (cez) and cephalothin (cef) against e. coli (n = 380), klebsiella pneumoniae (n =108) and staph. aureus (n = 47) were determined by the agar diffusion method. for proteus mirabilis (n = 69) and indole-positive proteus species (n = 23), the tube dilution test was used. cef was the most active against staph. aureus while cez showed greater activity against e. coli. cex was the most active against kl. pneumoniae and proteus s ...	1976	825763
[pneumomediastinum and mediastinitis, rare complications of a lung abscess. 1 case].	a case is reported with pneumomediastinum and mediastinitis complicating lung abscess in the lingula of a 77-year-old man. causative factors were the association of virulent organisms having necrotizing properties in a host with diminished resistance and location of the cavity adjacent to the mediastinal pleura. a review of 1119 documented patients with lung abscess revealed that this complication has been reported only twice previously. early surgical drainage combined with systemic administrat ...	1976	825964
[sensitivity of bacteria causing urinary tract infections towards terizidon (author's transl)].	in agar diffusion tests 2603 bacterial strains of species known to cause urinary tract infections were tested routinely in regard to their sensitivity towards terizidon, a derivative of cycloserine. in order to relate the results which were obtained in terms of the diameter of the inhibiton zone, to the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic), 304 of these strains were tested additionally in agar dilution tests. the mics of the other strains were estimated from the results of these tests. since ...	1976	826024
multiple drug resistance in klebsiella-enterobacter, proteus mirabilis and pseudomonas aeruginosa--an analysis of all-nation computer-processed data.	this last communication on the results of an one-year computer follow-up of single, double, and multiple antibiotic resistance of so-called problem bacteria in slovakia presents computerised data on double, and important triple, quadruple and quintuple resistance of klebsiella-enterobacter, p. mirabilis and ps. aeruginosa strains. bi- and multi-resistant strains absolutely prevail in klebsiella (more than 60% of many thousands of strains tested), p. mirabilis (90%) and ps. aeruginosa (95%). spec ...	1976	826047
[possibility of the development of resistance to disinfectants in microorganisms (author's transl)].	germs resistant to disinfectants have been found by various authors in hospitals. the question arise whether this is a case of primary resistance or - similar to resistance to antibiotics - a development of resistance takes place. five fully sensitive laboratory germs were exposed for longer periods of time to sublethal doses of four basic constituents of disinfectants (phenole, isopropanole, formaldehyde, chloramine 80). after a different number of passages an increasing resistance could be not ...	1976	826049
[study on the antibacterial activity of penicillins and cephalosporines in urine (author's transl)].	minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) for penicillin (pen), ampicillin (amp), cephalothin (cef), cefazolin (cez), carbenicillin (car) and ticarcillin (tic) were determined against strep. faecalis, e. coli, k. pneumoniae, prot. mirabilis and ps. aeruginosa in sensitivity test broth (stb) and human urine. marked differences were seen in mic between these two media, especially against p. mirabilis strains tested. against e. coli the mic of amp, cef and cez were similar or slightly lower in urine ...	1976	826261
[further investigations into the effectiveness of gentamicin and other antibiotics against urinary tract infection organisms (author's transl)].	in continuance of our investigations from 1968 to 1972, we isolated 32939 microorganisms from urinary tract infections and subjected them to routine sensitivity tests against six antibiotics from 1973 to august 1975. all organisms except enterococci and proteus proved to be sensitive to gentamicin at a level exceeding 90% during the study period of two and a half years. a loss of activity of gentamicin worth mentioning was not detected during the studies. so this antibiotic must further be consi ...	1976	826773
[therapy of meningitis (author's transl)].	for the specific and unspecific treatment of purulent meningitis, penicillin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol are usually sufficient. only resistant pathogens (klebsiella, pseudomonas among others) and meningitis in infants require other treatment. cephalosporins and aminoglycosides only come into consideration for the treatment of very rare exceptional cases. the still relatively poor prognosis of purulent meningitis is largely independent of the efficacy of the treatment. delay in beginning the ...	1976	826809
gentamicin and tobramycin--an in vitro comparison using 1400 clinical isolates.	the in vitro antimicrobial activities of tobramycin and gentamicin against 1400 bacterial isolates from clinical material were compared. the minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by an agar dilution technique. both of these aminoglycoside antibiotics had a similar spectrum of activity, being highly active against most species of aerobic gram-negative bacilli and staphylococcus aureus. gentamicin was more active than tobramycin against most species of enterobacteria but tobramycin was ...	1976	826868
[qualitative and quantitative researches into bacterial flora of respiratory apparatus (author's transl)].	the first group of data illustrated in this research concern the isolation's frequencies of bacterial strains from 7000 samples of respiratory materials examinated in two years, 1973 and 1974, by two different techniques. significant differences were observed in the isolation's percentage of various bacterial strains; these differences, at least partly, can be attributed at the different techniques employed in two years. the second group of data is represented by results of bacterial quantitatio ...	1976	827984
[antimicrobical resistance of bacterial strains isolated in specimens of the respiratory tract (author's transl)].	more than 4,000 susceptibility tests of antimicrobical agents performed in two years with six groups of microorganisms: 1) staphylococcus, 2) escherichia coli, 3) proteus, 4) enterobacter and klebsiella, 5) citrobacter, 6) pseudomonas aeruginosa, have been compared. percentages of antimicrobical resistance of every group are here related and statistically compared to discover significant susceptibility variations of bacteria isolated in 1973 and 1974.	1976	827986
[on the acute respiratory infections of anaerobes bacteria: clinical, bacteriological and therapeutic results (author's transl)].	in order to isolate and identify aerobe and obligate anaerobe (o.a.) bacteria investigations were carried out on 11 patients with acute respiratory tract infections (7 of them severely ill and hospitalized in an intensive care unit). o.a. species were isolated in 7 subjects, in all cases in mixed culture (from 2 to 5 species per sample), including also potentially pathogenic aerobe bacteria (pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, etc). on the 24 strains of o.a. bacteria identified, m.i.c ...	1976	827988
[evaluation of successful chemotherapie of infections of the urinary system by determination of antibacterial activity in the urine (author's transl)].	5,589 urin samples from patients with suspected infections of the urinary tract were screened for inhibiting activity against baz. cereus (atcc 6051). in 19% of these urines such inhibitors could be found. in spite of the antibacterial inhibition activity nearly half of the samples had bacteria in high number. by comparison of the various bacterial species in both groups of urin, in those without antibacterial "problem-bacteria": klebsiella-enterobacter- proteus- candida-species is demonstrated. ...	1976	828144
[on the growth of various enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and alkaligenes spec. in distilled water, de-ionized water, tap water, and mineral salt solution (author's transl)].	the behaviour of 12 strains of gram-negative bacteria was analysed in media having a low content of nutrients. sterile tap water, de-ionized water, aqua bidestillata and mineral salt solution were used. it was found that serratia marcescens, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter, klebsiella and citrobacter are those with the most frequently observed growth. in the mineral salt solution survived also providencia, e. coli, erwinia, hafnia, and alkaligenes and reached max. colony numbers of some 100 ...	1976	828367
[etiopathogenetic approach to the treatment of viral-bacterial pneumonias].	the efficacy of aerosols of leukocytal interferon used in complex with antibacterial and other medicamentous agents was studied during influenza epidemic in 1975 due to port-chalmers virus of influenza a with increased numbers of viral-bacterial pneumonia. the viral-sta-phylococcal etiology of the infection was confirmed in 80 per cent of the cases under stationary conditions. various microorganism and most often staph aureus were isolated in addition to the viruses from the patient's sputum and ...	1976	828482
[isolating and enriching broths of salmonellae].	the authors have tested in 3 isolating and enriching broths some salmonellae; the broths are available commercially (mueller-kaufmann broth, leifson broth and hajna gn broth) and they tested their inhibitory capacity (concerning the growth of intestinal saprophyte flora) and their enriching capacities with regard to the various types of salmonellae also. the method used consists in an exact evaluation of the increase percentage of the germs which were put to incubate in the broths at 37 degree c ...	1976	828483
[further researches on antimicrobial agents involvement in urine bacteriological analysis (author's transl)].	a further investigation on about 2700 urine samples for testing the presence of antimicrobial drugs (spot-test) has been carried out. bacteriostatic agents were present in 35% of all samples analysed, of these, 47% were urines producing no growth on culturing, 10% had a bacterial count of 10(4) and 43% of 10(5) or more. the frequency of the spot-test positive samples was correlated to the origin from the different hospital departments. gram-positive bacteria were the most represented in the samp ...	1976	828484
[brucella and modification of the host response to bacterial and viral infection. effect of the s-r variation].	within the framework of a study on the immunostimulant properties of brucella abortus and of its extracts, we have investigated the protective activity on infection of mice by klebsiella pneumoniae and on charlotte friend's leukemia, of inactivated brucella abortus and brucella lysates by ultrasound. the injection of inactivated b 19 r preparations and their lysates three days before infection by klebsiella has allowed to protect mice against a large number of dl50 (100 and 1000 in certain cases ...	1976	816692
antimetabolites produced by microorganisms. xv synthesis of 2-methyl-arginine, 2-methyl-l-ornithine and their enantiomers.	a new arginine antimetabolite was isolated from the fermentation broth of a new strain of streptomyces and identified as 2-methyl-l-arginine.	1976	816762
arrangement and regulation of the nitrogen fixation genes in klebsiella pneumoniae studied by depression kinetics.	events underlying depression of the nitrogen fixation (nif) genes in klebsiella pneumoniae m5a1 were analyzed in vivo by comparing the effects of selective inhibitors of transcription and translation on subsequent nitrogenase activity (rate of acetylene reduction). when batch cultures were induced for depression, an 87-min lag separated ammonium ion/oxygen removal and the appearance of activity.	1976	816785
effects of volatile bacterial metabolites on the growth, sporulation and mycotoxin production of fungi.		1976	817083
[resistance patterns of certain enterobacteriaceae in hospital and outpatients, with particular reference to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (author's transl)].	the relative sensitivities of certain enterobacteriaceae strains obtained from impatient and outpatient material for investigation against trimethoprim-sulf-amethoxazole, ampicillin, cephalothin, gentamicin and tetracycline are reported. the efficacy of the substances tested was very varied, the resistance rates to gentamicin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole being most favorable. differences in sensitivity could be established between strains from inpatient and outpatient material. resistance r ...	1976	817195
["in vitro" determination of bacterial sensitivity to tobramycin (author's transl)].	the authors report the tobramycin minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of 264 strains (dilution in mueller-hinton agar). staphylococcus aureus (96 strains) have a mic of 0.02 mcg/ml, 80 % being inhibited by 0.07 mcg/ml. most enterobacteriaceae (70 strains) are sensitive to 0.7 mcg/ml ; providencia are the most resistant (mic 11.88 mcg/ml). among pseudomonas aeruginosa (98 strains, mic : 11.57 mcg/ml) 50 % are inhibited by 0.30 mcg/ml, 80 % by 18.8 mcg/ml. relationships of mic to zone diameters ...	1976	817253
diversity of beta-lactamase activity among clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli.	various properties (specific activity, inducibility, substrate profile, and susceptibility to inhibitors) of the beta-lactamase activity present in 39 strains of enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated during a two-month period in the bacteriology laboratory of a large general hospital were investigated. among the 39 strains there appeared to be at least 16 distinct enzymes. most enzymes from escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, and proteus morganii were act ...	1976	817594
bactericidal efficacy of sch 20569 and amikacin against gentamicin-sensitive and -resistant organisms.	sch 20569 is a semisynthetic derivative of gentamicin with activity against many gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli. we compared its bactericidal action with that of gentamicin and amikacin against 171 clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, staphylococcus aureus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. sch 20569 and amikacin showed markedly greater activity than gentamicin against escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter, and indole-positive proteus, primarily by virtue of their let ...	1976	817661
effect of clindamycin on the in vitro activity of amikacin and gentamicin against gram-negative bacilli.	the in vitro effect of clindamycin on the inhibitory and bactericidal activity of amikacin (bb-k8) and gentamicin against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa was examined by the checkerboard technique in microtiter plates. clindamycin (15 mug/ml) produced statistically significant increases in the minimal bactericidal concentrations of amikacin and gentamicin against e. coli and klebsiellae at 2 and 4 h of incubation. the minimal bactericidal concentration against ...	1976	817663
pirbenicillin, a new semisynthetic penicillin with broad-spectrum activity.	pirbenicillin is a new semisynthetic penicillin which inhibited 67% of isolates of proteus aeruginosa tested in our laboratory, 93% of p. mirabilis, 31% of enterobacter spp., 41% of serratia spp., and 58% of escherichia coli at a concentration of 6.25 mug/ml. its activity appeared to be inoculum dependent and it was virtually inactive against 10(7) inocula of p. aeruginosa. it was more active than carbenicillin or ticarcillin, but less active than bl-p1654 against p. aeruginosa. carbenicillin an ...	1976	817665
polymicrobic bacteriuria: significant association with bacteremia.	current clinical practice states that a urine culture yielding three or more isolates must be considered a contaminated specimen and discarded. the validity of this practice was tested by reviewing all patients at the west haven veterans administration hospital with positive blood cultures for 1 year to determine how many were associated with polymicrobic bacteriuria (two or more urine isolates each present at greater than 10(5) colonies/ml). during 1973 there were 18 patients who had bacteremia ...	1976	818108
[clinical studies on gentamicin (author's transl)].	gentamicin (gm) was studied for on its antibacterial activity, absorption, and excretion, effect on the kidney and clinical effects. the results obtained are as follows: 1. antibacterial activity: the susceptibility of e. coli, klebsiella, proteus mirabilis to gm was almost the same between the periods of 1964 to 1966 and 1972 to 1974: no tendency of increase of resistance by year was noted. however, against pseudomonas aeruginosa, strains showing sensitivity to a concentration of more than 25 m ...	1976	818417
[change of pathogen in infections since 1958 (author's transl)].	infections with proteus, pseudomonas, klebsiella and enterococci have increased significantly in the period of this report. the question of hospital hygiene, especially in intensive care wards, must therefore be given increased attention. uncritical prophylaxis and treatment with antibiotics must be rejected. attempts to improve the cellular and humoral defense of patients with reduced resistance would be worth while. to achieve progress, there must be a close co-operation between specialists in ...	1976	818523
[change of form of septicaemic diseases (author's transl)].	as to pathogens causing septicaemic diseases, the era of antibiotics has brought about a shift from gram-positive cocci to gram-negative rod-shaped bacilli. 628 septicaemic infections verified by haemocultures were evaluated from january 1, 1960 until march 31, 1975. septicaemic complications in haemodialyses originated either from infections of the shunt or of the dialytic system, or septicaemia occurred as a result of infusion. in 110 patients presenting myeloid insufficiency, the pathogen ran ...	1976	818524
[tobramycin sensitivity of bacteria from the klebsiella-enterobacter group (author's transl)].	in 300 strains of the klebsiella-enterobacter group which were isolated from pathological material from the bonn university hospitals in early 1975, the sensitivity to tobramycin was investigated comparatively in a serial dilution test and agar diffusion test. 80% of the strains were seen to be classifiable as sensitive and further 3% as moderately sensitive. the rate to resistance corresponds to that of gentamycin. no difference in resistance behaviour was ascertained in the two bacterial speci ...	1976	818541
]acute severe mastitis in cows of the dutch-friesian breed (author's transl)].	one hundred cases of severe acute mastitis are reported. bacteriological examination of the milk was negative in 23% of the cases. e. coli was most frequently found to be the causative organism (23%), followed by st. aureus (19%), c. pyogenes (10%), str. dysgalactiae (9%), str. agalactiae (5%) and a number of other pathogenic agents such as atypical streptococci, str. uberis, haemolytic streptococci, aerobacter aerogenes, kl. pneumoniae, a clostridium and p. multocida. in several cases, a tentat ...	1976	818734
pathomorphologic findings in severe combined immunodeficiency and reticular dysgenesia.	pathomorphologic findings in an 11 month old boy with severe combined immunodeficiency (case 1) and in a 4-month old boy with reticular dysgenesia (case 2) are reported. case 1: the bone marrow exhibited regular granulo-, erythro- and thrombopoiesis. the hypoplastic thymus consisted exclusively of epithelial reticulum cells. the spleen and lymph nodes showed considerable depletion of lymphocytes in both the t- and b-cell areas. there was a complete lack of all lymphatic structures in the gastroi ...	1976	818795
laboratory evaluation of fr10612, a new oral cephalosporin derivative.	fr10612, like cephalexin, is a broad-spectrum oral cephalosporin derivative. the antimicrobial activity of fr10612 against clinical isolates was similar to cephalexin; however, at a low inoculum size its activity was greater than cephalexin against klebsiella pneumonia and proteus mirabilis strains. like cephalexin, the in vitro bactericidal activity of fr10612 was more influenced by the duration of contact with the test organism than by drug concentration. the bactericidal activity of fr10612 a ...	1976	819411
activity of amikacin at sub-inhibitory levels.		1976	819413
identification of beta-lactamases by analytical isoelectric focusing: correlation with bacterial taxonomy.	beta-lactamases (ec. 3.5.2.6) can be directly compared by analytical isoelectric focusing. using this technique, 242 strains from five gram-positive and 16 gram-negative genera were examined. a preparation of each strain focused as a single group of bands which did not match the pattern of any r factor-associated beta-lactamase. none of the strains was known to carry an r factor and resistance transfer experiments were unsuccessful. the enzymes studied were therefore thought to be chromosomally ...	1976	819625
co-trimoxazole in cases of gram-negative septicaemia.		1976	819991
invitro studies of the effect of bilharcid on urinary tract bacterial pathogens.	the antimicrobial effect of an antibilharzial drug "bilharcid" was tested, in vitro, against 51 different strains of bacterial species frequently causing urinary tract infection namely e. coli, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella, ps. pyocyanea and proteus vulgaris. in addition, the drug was tested against one strain of each of salmonella typhi, salmonella paratyphi a. b and c. minimum inhibitory concentration (m.i.c.) of the drug for each organism, and its bactericidal concentration were determin ...	1976	801712
[oxolinic acid therapy of urinary tract infections in infancy].		1976	801102
bladder defense mechanism.	in order for micro-organisms to infect the urinary tract they must adhere to the vesical mucosa so that they remain after voiding. experiments in our laboratory demonstrated that the bladder has a self-protective mechanism capable of preventing bacterial adherence to the surface. histochemical staining demonstrated that this substance is a mucopolysaccharide. treatment of the mucosa with acid disrupted the protective layer and resulted in a 20 to 100-fold increase in bacterial adherence. within ...	1976	801214
inhibition by acetylene of conventional hydrogenase in nitrogen-fixing bacteria.		1976	778640
the resistance of 150 klebsiella and e. coli strains isolated from patients suffering from bacteriaemia.		1976	779005
[resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides in gram negative bacteria. 1. molecular and genetic characterization of r-factors (author's transl)].	with frequent use of aminoglycoside antimicrobials and beta-lactam antibiotics in hospitals in the last few years, the number of bacterial strains resistant to these chemotherapeutics increased. lately, strains of e. coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, serratia, proteus and pseudomonas resistant to many antimicrobials (ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, tobramycin, sisomycin, neomycin, paromomycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, tetracycline, sulphonamides) ...	1976	779353
[resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides in gram negative bacteria. 2. mechanism of resistance (author's transl)].	in a preceding paper the genetics of resistance of 2 representative strains exhibiting resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, catbenicillin, cephalothin) to aminoglycosides (kanamycin, neomycin, paromomycin, gentamycin, sisomycin, tobramycin, streptomycin, spectinomycin) and further antimicrobials (tetracycline, chloramphenicol, suphonamides) were described. this paper reports about the mechanism of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides in these strains. enzymatic ...	1976	779354
effect of antimicrobial soap containing chlorhexidine on the microbial flora of skin.	the qualitative and semiquantitative changes in the aerobic microbial flora of normal skin with the prolonged use of a chlorhexidine scrub (6 months) were investigated. more samples in the chlorhexidine scrub group had gram-negative bacilli in their axilla (63 of 96, 66%) and groin (36 of 96, 38%) than the controls (32 of 66, 49%, for axilla and 7 of 66, 11%, for groin; p = 0.01). klebsiella and enterobacter were the predominant organisms in the control and chlorhexidine groups, respectively. th ...	1976	779648
the molybdenum--iron protein of klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase. evidence for non-identical subunits from peptide 'mapping'.	the molybdenum- and iron-containing protein components of nitrogenase purified from klebsiella pneumoniae, azotobacter vinelandii, azotobacter chroococcum and rhizobium japonicum bacteroids all gave either one or two protein-staining bands after sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, depending on the commercial brand of sodium dodecyl sulphate used. the single band obtained with k. pneumoniae mo-fe protein when some commercial brands of sodium dodecyl sulphate were used in t ...	1976	779772
[in vitro effect of cephacetril and colistin combinations on klebsiella pneumoniae and proteus strains (author's transl)].	in 14 out of 43 klebsiella pneumoniae strains (33%) the combination cephacetril-colistin showed a synergistic, in 11 strains (25%) an additive effect. in proteus strains no synergistic action was found. the combination was more likely to be synergistic or additive in strains requiring higher minimal inhibitory concentrations of cephacetril and colistin. most highly resistant klebsiella pneumoniae strains were synergistically inhibited by concentrations of both drugs, which can easily be obtained ...	1976	779799
antibacterial activity of ribostamycin on enterobacteriaceae.	the study of the inhibitory activity of ribostamvcin (vistamycin), an antibiotic derived from streptomyces ribosidificus, on 161 strains of gram-negative bacilli shows that the antibacterial spectrum of this antibiotic is identical to that of kanamycin. if controlled clinical studies confirm that ribostamycin is less toxic than kanamycin on the otovestibular system, this antibiotic will constitute a real therapeutic advance.	1976	779802
stomatitis in patients on anti-neoplastic drugs: report of case and management.		1976	779896
potentiating effects of manganese dioxide on experimental respiratory infections.		1976	780104
bacteriophage ec1-resistant mutants of enteric bacteria.		1976	781186
shigella dysentery with secondary klebsiella sepsis.		1976	781203
semisynthetic cephalosporins. synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-sulfonylacetamido-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids.	the synthesis and in vitro and in vivo activities of a series of 7-sulfonylacetamido-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids with acetoxymethyl or heterocyclic thiomethyl substituents at the 3 position are described. lengthening the alkyl chain attached to the sulfonyl group increased gram-positive activity but the effect on gram-negative activity was variable. other structural changes on the 7-acyl side chain resulted in only minor changes in vitro activity. the protective effectiveness in infected mice g ...	1976	781242
imidazo(1,2-c)pyrimidine nucleosides. synthesis and biological evaluation of certain 1-(beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)imidazo(1,2-c)pyrimidines.	the first chemical syntheses of the arabinosylhypoxanthine and arabinosylguanine analogues of the imidazo-[1,2-c]pyrimsdine series are described. condensation of trimethylsilyl-7-chloroimidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5-one (1) with 2,3,5-tri-o-benzyl-alpha-d-arabinofuranosyl chloride (2) gave 7-chloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-o-benzyl-beta-arabinofuranosyl)imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5-one (3) which on catalytic dehalogenation furnished 1-(2,3,5-tri-o-benzyl-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5-one (4). am ...	1976	781243
urease activity in the rumen of sheep and the isolation of ureolytic bacteria.	urease activity in the sheep rumen varied with the diet of the sheep, but appeared to be largely or entirely present in the small bacterial fraction. screening of over 1000 strains of rumen bacteria isolated on different media showed that urease activity was apparently confined to species of staphylococcus, lactobacillus casei var. casei and klebsiella aerogenes. consideration of the numbers in which these occurred and their activities suggested that the bacteria could not be responsible for the ...	1976	812952
synthesis of inhibitors of bacterial cell wall biogenesis. analogs of d-alanyl-d-alanine.		1976	812991
chemistry and antibacterial activity of nitrobenzofurans.	thirteen 2-methylbenzofurans were synthesized and their antibacterial activity was investigated. 2-methyl-3-nitrobenzofuran and analogs containing 7-no2, 5-no2, 7-br, 7-conh2, and 7-cf3 substituents are bacteriostatic. the spectrum of activity of these compounds is similar to nitrofurazone; however, a strain of e. coli br which has increased resistance to nitrofurazone did not show increased resistance to 3,7-dinitro-2-methylbenzofuran (1). the 3-nitro-2-methylbenzofurans are labile in solution ...	1976	812994
gentamicin-associated acute renal failure.	five patients are described in whom only gentamicin sulfate appeared responsible for acute renal failure. subjects received 1.2 to 2.88 gm over 12 to 18 days. all were over 45 years of age, and premorbid kidney abnormalities may have enhanced susceptibility to toxic effects of the drug. renal failure appeared 8 to 17 days after beginning gentamicin therapy and was characterized by creatinine clearances 4 to 10 ml/min, urine to plasma creatinine ratios less than 20, urinary sodium concentrations ...	1976	788666
comparative studies on the actions of antigen and polyclonal b-cell activator in differentiation and proliferation of b-cells and b memory cells.	using the capsular polysaccharide of klebsiella pneumoniae (cps-k) as a polyclonal b-cell activator (pba) and sheep red blood cells (srbc) as a t cell-dependent antigen, we compared the ability of pba and antigen to differentiate (generate antibody-forming cells, afc) and proliferate (generate immunological memory) virgin b cells and b memory cells. in vitro cps-k induced the differentiation of igm virgin b cells, igm b memory cells and igg b memory cells to afc, as well as or better than srbc. ...	1976	789231
[bacteriological studies in outpatients with acute urinary tract infections with particular reference to the resistance spectrum (author's transl)].	bacteriological investigation of urinary samples from 1,926 non-hospitalised patients with documented or suspected acute urinary tract infection revealed organisms pathogenic for the urinary tract in 56.4% of the patients, who came from various parts of west germany. prevalent pathogens were e. coli (69%) and proteus mirabilis (14%). e. coli and p. mirabilis demonstrated a low rate of resistance against ampicillin, the cephalosporines, gentamicin, tobramycin, and also against nitrofurantoin, nal ...	1976	789245
[antimicrobial effectiveness of sisomicin. i: in vitro activity of sisomicin compared with gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin and kanamycin (author's transl)].	the aminoglycosides sisomicin, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin and kanamycin are highly active against staphylococci including the penicillinase-positive strains. sisomicin is more effective than amikacin and kanamycin. mixed infections with staphylococci and enterobacteriaceae or pseudomonas aeruginosa are thus on indication for treatment with sisomicin or other aminoglycosides. infections with e. coli, enterobacter, susceptible klebsiella, and susceptible pseudomonas strains can be treated wi ...	1976	789246
[changes in the antibiotic sensitivity of urinary tract pathogens (author's transl)].	the resistance of 2,314 bacterial strains from 1968 to 1972 was investigated drawing on case histories from the munich university urological clinic. using the disc-diffusion method 12,160 sensitivity tests were conducted with these strains against gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, ampicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. the material was compiled from 35,000 individual data by means of modern electronic data processing and evaluated according to variable criteria. as expected the incidence of res ...	1976	789247
[the liver concentration of cephradin and cephacetril and their elimination in the bile].	liver biopsies and serum samples were collected after intravenous application of 2 g cephradin (n = 13) or 2 g cephacetril (n = 11) during surgery. there was no difference in the serum levels of cephradin and cephacetril. 30 min. after i.v. application of cephradin the liver tissue concentration was 72.62 mcg/g. 30 min. after i.v. cephacetril the liver tissue concentration was 5.83 mcg/g. the quotient of liver tissue concentration to serum concentration for cephradin was between 0.36 and 0.83, a ...	1976	789253
mutational alteration of a nitrogen-fixing bacterium to sensitivity to infection by bacteriophage mu: isolation of nif mutations of klebsiella pneumoniae m5al induced by mu.	the nitrogen-fixing bacterium klebsiella pneumoniae m5al is not sensitive to infection by bacteriophage mu. a mutant of k. pneumoniae that is sensitive to mu infection was isolated. several mu-induced auxotrophic mutations of k. pneumoniae including nif, trp, and rtl were isolated and genetically characterized. evidence is presented that the mu-induced mutations of nif arise as the result of insertion of mu within (or near) the nif operon(s). the rtl locus, which determines the ability to utiliz ...	1976	789339