Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| inclusion of an arg-gly-asp receptor-recognition motif into the capsid protein of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus enables culture of the virus in vitro. | rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv), an important member of the caliciviridae family, cannot be propagated in vitro, which has greatly impeded the progress of investigations into the mechanisms of pathogenesis, translation, and replication of this and related viruses. in this study, we have successfully bypassed this obstacle by constructing a mutant rhdv (mrhdv) by using a reverse genetics-technique. by changing two amino acids (305s→r, 307n→d), we produced a specific receptor recognition m ... | 2017 | 28381555 |
| autochthonous acute hepatitis e: an increasingly frequent diagnosis. clinical-epidemiological analysis of our experience. | in europe, acute hepatitis caused by the hepatitis e virus (hev) traditionally was an infection found in people who had travelled to endemic zones, mainly asia and africa. however, a growing number of sporadic autochthonous cases are now being diagnosed in the western world. | 2017 | 28376624 |
| chronic hepatitis e viral infection after liver transplantation: a regression of fibrosis following antiviral therapy. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is increasingly being reported in immunocompromised patients, and particularly organ transplant recipients. in this context, hev infection frequently evolves to chronic infection with a rapid progression of fibrosis to cirrhosis. ribavirin monotherapy and a minimisation of immunosuppression represent the treatment of choice, with a good response rate. however, no data are available on whether treatment can achieve a regression of liver fibrosis in chronic hev pa ... | 2017 | 28376032 |
| [the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis e virus in the czech republic: serological survey]. | to determine the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis e virus in the general population of the czech republic of age 15 to 64, to analyse the age and sex distribution of these antibodies, and to evaluate the benefit of the immunoblot test for the confirmation of the specificity of the enzyme immunoassay (eia) screening test. | 2017 | 28374592 |
| hepatitis e virus in wild rabbits and european brown hares in germany. | recently, a change of hepatitis e from being a typical travel-associated disease to an autochthonous zoonosis in germany was observed. an increasing number of autochthonous infections with the hepatitis e virus (hev) have been recognized in developed countries. venison from wild boar is already known to be a potential source of infection, if not prepared properly by the consumer. in germany, certain wild animals are known to be a reservoir for hev. however, current information is missing about e ... | 2017 | 28371421 |
| hepatitis e virus: a leading cause of waterborne viral hepatitis in northwest districts of punjab, india. | acute viral hepatitis (avh) caused by enterically transmitted hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) poses a major health problem in developing countries such as india. despite improving sanitation, heath awareness, and socioeconomic conditions, these infections continue to occur both in sporadic as well as in epidemic forms in different parts of india. | 2017 | 28367028 |
| report of novel h105r, d29n, v27a mutations in the methyltransferase region of the hev genome in patients with acute liver failure. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) has been responsible for major outbreaks in the developing countries affecting millions of people and acute sporadic hepatitis worldwide. the hev methyltransferase is important for capping the 5'-end of the viral pregenomic rna which is critical for viral infection. | 2017 | 28359977 |
| racial differences in seroprevalence of hav and hev in blood donors in the western cape, south africa: a clue to the predominant hev genotype? | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. this infection causes major water-borne outbreaks in low- and middle-income countries, whilst in industrialised countries this infection is zoonotic. these differences in epidemiology are related to different hev genotypes. hev genotype 3 is a zoonotic infection, whilst genotype 2 causes large outbreaks. this study determined the seroprevalence of hev in blood donors from the western cape. anti-hepatitis a virus (an ... | 2017 | 28357965 |
| asymptomatic acute hepatitis e in a female patient with ulcerative colitis. | we present a 60-year-old female patient with asymptomatic acute hepatitis e that was fortuitously detected during the course of ulcerative colitis (uc). she was admitted to hospital on october 30, 2015. endoscopy and histological examination of the colon showed typical findings of uc. all parameters of liver function tests were normal on this date. combination therapy with oral prednisolone and mesalazine was started and intravenous administration of infliximab once every 8 weeks was added later ... | 2017 | 28353200 |
| risk analysis and occurrence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in domestic swine in northeast brazil. | anti-hev antibodies were detected in animals from abattoir and in farms from northeast brazil. our results suggest that hev is highly disseminated in the swine population and might present a great risk to animal handlers and for consumption of raw or undercooked meat and meat products in northeast brazil. | 2017 | 28349492 |
| genetic and physicochemical analyses of a novel ferret hepatitis e virus, and clinical signs of infection after birth. | a novel cluster of five ferret hepatitis e virus (hev) strains was detected from nine laboratory ferrets (mustela putorius furo) imported from a ferret farm in the u.s. our detection of ferret hev rna and anti-hev antibodies, and alanine aminotransferase (alt) value assessment indicated that all of the 9 ferrets were infected with ferret hev, and that the infection exhibited three patterns: sub-clinical infection (n=2), acute hepatitis (n=6) and persistent infection (n=1). next-generation sequen ... | 2017 | 28347753 |
| hepatitis e virus-associated neurological injury in china. | 2017 | 28329245 | |
| cynomolgus monkeys are successfully and persistently infected with hepatitis e virus genotype 3 (hev-3) after long-term immunosuppressive therapy. | epidemiological studies found that hepatitis e virus genotype 3 (hev-3) infection was associated with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in immunocompromised patients. our study aimed to investigate the relationship between the host immunosuppressive status and the occurrence of hev-related chronic hepatitis. here we describe a successful experimental study, using cynomolgus monkeys previously treated with tacrolimus, a potent calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressant, and infected with a brazilian h ... | 2017 | 28328941 |
| assessment and risk modeling of airborne enteric viruses emitted from wastewater reused for irrigation. | reclamation of wastewater (ww) for irrigation, after treatment represents a challenge that could alleviate pressure on water resources and address the increasing demand for agriculture. however, the risks to human health must be assessed, particularly those related to human enteric viruses that resist standard treatments in most wastewater treatment plants (wwtp). the risks associated with exposure to viral bioaerosols near wwtp and near agricultural plots irrigated with ww are poorly documented ... | 2017 | 28320526 |
| occurrence of hepatitis a and e and norovirus gi and gii in ready-to-eat vegetables in italy. | fresh vegetables and their ready-to-eat (rte) salads have become increasingly recognized as potential vehicles for foodborne diseases. the eu reg. 1441/2007 establishes microbiological criteria for bacterial pathogens for products placed on the market during their shelf-life (i.e. salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes) for pre-cut fruits and vegetables (rte) whilst it does not address the problem of contamination by enteric viruses. in this study we investigated the contamination by hepatitis ... | 2017 | 28319799 |
| hepatitis e and pregnancy: current state. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is responsible for more than 50% of acute viral hepatitis cases in endemic countries. approximately 2 billion individuals live in hepatitis e-endemic areas and, therefore, are at risk of infection. according to world health organization, hev causes about 20.1 million infections and 70 000 deaths every year. in developing countries with poor sanitation, this disease is transmitted through contaminated water and is associated with large outbreaks, affecting hundreds or thou ... | 2017 | 28318080 |
| acute hepatitis e virus infection causing acute liver failure requiring living-donor liver transplantation in a non-pregnant immunocompetent woman. | we report a rare case of acute liver failure from acute hepatitis e virus (hev) in a non-pregnant woman without comorbidities who survived after liver transplantation. the source was likely consumption of partially cooked pig liver. hev genotype 3 is the second most common genotype causing acute hepatitis e in developed countries. fulminant hepatitis e rarely occurs without a risk factor, as in our patient. vigilant monitoring for chronic hepatitis e in post-transplant immunocompromised patients ... | 2017 | 28295889 |
| rabbit hepatitis e virus is an opportunistic pathogen in specific-pathogen-free rabbits with the capability of cross-species transmission. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has been detected in rabbits, a recently identified natural reservoir. in this study, anti-hev antibodies and viral rna were detected in rabbits sourced from a specific-pathogen-free (spf) rabbit vendor in shaanxi province, china. blast results of partial hev orf2 genes cloned here indicated that two viral strains circulated in the rabbits. sequence determination of the complete genome (7302bp) of one strain and a partial orf1 gene (1537bp) of the other strain showed that ... | 2017 | 28284626 |
| collaborative study for the establishment of the ph. eur. hepatitis e virus rna for nat testing biological reference preparation batch 1. | a new european pharmacopoeia (ph. eur.) biological reference preparation (brp) had to be established further to the decision to include nucleic acid testing (nat) for the detection of hepatitis e virus (hev) rna in the monograph human plasma (pooled and treated for virus inactivation) (1646). to this purpose, an international collaborative study was launched in the framework of the biological standardisation programme (bsp) of the european directorate for the quality of medicines & healthcare (e ... | 2017 | 28279253 |
| dynamics of 8g12 competitive antibody in "prime-boost" vaccination of hepatitis e vaccine. | hepatitis e virus still poses a great threat to public health worldwide. to date, hecolin® is the only licensed hev vaccine in china. total anti-hev antibody has been used to reflect vaccine induced immune response in clinical trials for the lack of robust hev neutralizing antibody detection methods. in this study, we applied a broad neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibody 8g12 to develop a competitive elsia assay and quantified 8g12 competitive antibody (8g12-like antibody) in serum samples. the ... | 2017 | 28272983 |
| erratum to: hepatitis e virus genotype 4 sequences detected in sewage from treatment plants of china. | 2017 | 28271397 | |
| erratum to: a systematic review of the epidemiology of hepatitis e virus in africa. | 2017 | 28257623 | |
| neuralgic amyotrophy triggered by hepatitis e virus: a particular phenotype. | the neuralgic amyotrophy may be of difficult diagnosis, due to phenotypic variability, with different initial presentations (upper plexus multiple mononeuropathy, lumbosacral involvement, distal reached, phrenic involvement). to date, there is little guidance on these patients' therapeutic management, especially those for which neuralgic amyotrophy is triggered by hepatitis e virus (hev-na). the study aims to identify specific features that characterize patients bearing the neuralgic amyotrophy ... | 2017 | 28247042 |
| rural habitat as risk factor for hepatitis e virus seroconversion in hiv-infected patients: a prospective longitudinal study. | our objective was to determine the incidence and clinical manifestations of acute hepatitis e virus (hev) in hiv-infected patients. a prospective longitudinal study including hiv-infected hev-seronegative patients was conducted; hev seroconversion (to igg and/or igm) was the main outcome variable. all patients were tested for hev antibodies every 3-6 months. for patients who developed hev seroconversion, a data collection protocol was followed to identify associated clinical manifestations and a ... | 2017 | 28236361 |
| transmission of hepatitis e virus infection to human-liver chimeric frg mice using patient plasma. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is considered as an important pathogen in developing countries but there is growing evidence of its increasing significance and prevalence in the western world. although most acute hev infections resolve spontaneously, chronicity has been observed in immunocompromised patients. the study of hev has been hampered by the absence of practical animal models. because the in vivo study of hev was essentially limited to primates and pigs we recently established the human-liver c ... | 2017 | 28232247 |
| [use the markov-decision tree model to optimize vaccination strategies of hepatitis e among women aged 15 to 49]. | objective: to evaluate the cost-utility of different hepatitis e vaccination strategies in women aged 15 to 49. methods: the markov-decision tree model was constructed to evaluate the cost-utility of three hepatitis e virus vaccination strategies. parameters of the models were estimated on the basis of published studies and experience of experts. both methods on sensitivity and threshold analysis were used to evaluate the uncertainties of the model. results: compared with non-vaccination group, ... | 2017 | 28231679 |
| mutational analysis of hepatitis e virus orf1 "y-domain": effects on rna replication and virion infectivity. | to investigate the role of non-structural open reading frame 1 "y-domain" sequences in the hepatitis e virus (hev) life cycle. | 2017 | 28216965 |
| genome sequence of a genotype 2 hepatitis e virus world health organization reference strain. | we report here the sequence of a genotype 2a reference strain of hepatitis e virus (hev), developed on behalf of the world health organization. the hev reference strain is intended for use in assays based on nucleic acid amplification for the validation of hev rna detection. | 2017 | 28209837 |
| autochthonous sporadic acute hepatitis e caused by two distinct subgenotype 3b hepatitis e virus strains with only 90% nucleotide identity. | hepatitis e, which is caused by hepatitis e virus (hev), is a public health concern in japan, where the zoonotic food-borne transmission of hev from domestic pigs and wild boars plays an important role. a 44-year-old japanese man with autochthonous sporadic acute hepatitis e was admitted with general fatigue and moderate liver dysfunction. in the present study, two distinct hev strains were recovered from the patient, who had consumed the raw or undercooked pig liver and intestine two or three t ... | 2017 | 28205112 |
| a novel subgenotype 3a hepatitis e virus isolated from pigs in china. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is an emerging disease with zoonotic transmission that represents a serious public health concern, especially in developing countries. here we characterize a novel hev strain ccst-517, which possesses a complete genome sequence of 7284 bp with typical hev genome organization including 5' and 3' non-coding regions and three open reading frames. the sequence identities of ccst-517 with known hev genotype 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 73.4-73.7, 73.2, 80.4-90.4, and 75.1-75. ... | 2017 | 28205052 |
| molecular epidemiology and strain comparison between hepatitis e virus in human sera and pig livers during 2014-2016 in hong kong. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes substantial morbidity and mortality in developing countries and is considered an emerging food-borne pathogen in previously non-endemic developed countries. to investigate genetic association between human hev infection and hev-contaminated high-risk food in hong kong, we compared local virus strains obtained from hepatitis e patient sera with those surveyed from high-risk food items during 2014-2016. twenty-four cases of laboratory-confirmed human hev infections w ... | 2017 | 28202801 |
| genotype-specific evolution of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis globally. hev comprises four genotypes with different geographic distributions and host ranges. we utilise this natural case-control study for investigating the evolution of zoonotic viruses compared to single host viruses, using 244 near full length hev genomes. genome wide estimates of dn/ds located a region of overlapping reading frames, which is subject to positive selection in genotypes 3 and 4. the open reading frame ... | 2017 | 28202767 |
| hepatitis e virus infects neurons and brains. | 2017 | 28199701 | |
| assessment and evaluation of an integrated hybrid anaerobic-aerobic sewage treatment system for the removal of enteric viruses. | the capability of a cost-effective and a small size decentralized pilot wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) to remove enteric viruses such as rotavirus, norovirus genogroup i (ggi), norovirus genogroup ii (ggii), hepatitis e virus (hev), and adenovirus was studied. this pilot plant is an integrated hybrid anaerobic/aerobic setup which consisted of anaerobic sludge blanket (uasb), biological aerated filter (baf), and inclined plate settler (ips). both the uasb and baf are packed with a non-woven po ... | 2017 | 28197973 |
| prevalence and molecular characterization of the hepatitis e virus in retail pork products marketed in canada. | infection with the hepatitis e virus (hev) is very common worldwide. hev causes acute viral hepatitis with approximately 20 million cases per year. while hev genotypes 1 and 2 cause large waterborne and foodborne outbreaks with a significant mortality in developing countries, genotypes 3 and 4 are more prevalent in developed countries with transmission being mostly zoonotic. in north america and europe, hev has been increasingly detected in swine, and exposure to pigs and pork products is consid ... | 2017 | 28197972 |
| rig-i is a key antiviral interferon-stimulated gene against hepatitis e virus dispensable of interferon production. | interferons (ifns) are broad antiviral cytokines that exert their function by inducing the transcription of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (isgs). however, little is known about the antiviral potential of these cellular effectors on hepatitis e virus (hev) infection, the leading cause of acute hepatitis globally. in this study, we profiled the antiviral potential of a panel of important human isgs on hev replication in cell culture models by overexpression of individual isg. the mechani ... | 2017 | 28195391 |
| hepatitis e risks: pigs or blood-that is the question. | infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 is recognized as a food-borne zoonosis in developed countries where it usually causes a mild self-limited acute hepatitis. it may cause a persistent infection in the immunosuppressed human that can progress to cirrhosis. to protect the patient from transfusion-acquired hev infection, steps have been taken in the united kingdom to provide for at-risk patients only components from donors screened for hev viremia. this strategy does not protect from ... | 2017 | 28194857 |
| incidence and molecular characterization of hepatitis e virus from swine in eastern cape, south africa. | hepatitis e virus-mediated infection is a serious public health concern in economically developing nations of the world. globally, four major genotypes of hev have been documented. hepatitis e has been suggested to be zoonotic owing to the increase of evidence through various studies. thus far, this paper reports on prevalence of hepatitis e virus among swine herd in selected communal and commercial farms in the eastern cape province of south africa. a total of 160 faecal samples were collected ... | 2017 | 28191016 |
| isolation of hepatitis e virus genotype 4 from patients with acute cryptogenic hepatitis in korea. | autochthonous hepatitis e occurs sporadically in developed countries. the consumption of undercooked pork containing hepatitis e virus genotype 3 (hev-3) or 4 (hev-4) is the major risk factor for infection. the serological diagnostic kits currently used in hospitals sometimes produce false-negative or -positive results. therefore, detection of both hev rna and antibodies to the virus is required for confirmative diagnosis of hepatitis e. | 2017 | 28189935 |
| molecular and structural changes related to hepatitis e virus (hev) antigen and its expression in testis inducing apoptosis in mongolian gerbil model. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has been associated with a wide range of extrahepatic manifestations, so this study was designed to examine the effect and role of hev on structural and molecular changes in the testicular tissues of mongolian gerbils experimentally infected with swine hev. hev rna was first detected in testis at 14 day post inoculation and reached a peak between 28 to 42 days later with viral load between 3.12 logs g-¹ to 6.23 logs g-¹ by pcr assays. microscopic changes showed ... | 2017 | 28182318 |
| a case of acute hepatitis e infection in a patient with non-hodgkin lymphoma treated successfully with ribavirin. | we present the case of a man who, following immunosuppressive treatment for non-hodgkin lymphoma, became infected with viral hepatitis e. acute hepatitis e virus infection should be considered in patients with deranged liver function on a background of haematological malignancies or immunosuppression, even without travel to endemic regions. whilst clearance is usually spontaneous in immune-competent individuals, these at-risk groups may develop a more complicated and protracted disease course. t ... | 2017 | 28182129 |
| hepatitis e virus in bottlenose dolphins tursiops truncatus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infects several animal species that act as zoonotic reservoirs for viral transmission. solid and liquid residues from infected animals could lead to hev contamination of food and surface waters. evidence of human hev infection through ingestion of seafood (shellfish, mussels) has been reported. dolphins generally feed on fish and squid but are able to adapt to an environment and consume whatever prey is available. clinical signs of infected dolphins include lethargy, inap ... | 2017 | 28177289 |
| hepatitis e infection among ghanaians: a systematic review. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is considered to be of significant public health importance in many developing countries. in this review, we aim to summarise studies on hev with the aim of providing a further understanding of the epidemiology of the disease in ghana. | 2017 | 28162095 |
| cost-effectiveness of the screening of blood donations for hepatitis e virus in the netherlands. | the incidence of hepatitis e virus (hev) has increased substantially in europe recently, thereby threatening blood safety. a cost-effectiveness analysis for hev screening of blood donations in the netherlands was performed. | 2017 | 28144956 |
| unique clinical courses of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis e in patients with immunosuppression. | the high prevalence of specific immunoglobulin g for hepatitis e virus (hev) in japanese people raises the possibility of a high incidence of hev-viremic blood donors and therefore frequent transfusion-transmitted hev (tt-hev). | 2017 | 28144952 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in a patient with suspected drug-induced liver injury. | a 58 years old woman, known case of multiple sclerosis, was referred to the acute medical assessment unit for worsening liver function. she was recently started on a new drug (fingolimod) for multiple sclerosis. after excluding common causes of acute hepatitis in the community, a working diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury was made. when liver enzymes kept rising, further investigations were carried out, which revealed acute hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. this finding was unexpected, as t ... | 2017 | 28143860 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e among boston area travelers, 2009-2010. | we determined the prevalence of igg antibodies to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev igg) among travelers attending boston-area travel health clinics from 2009 to 2010. pre-travel samples were available for 1,356 travelers, with paired pre- and post-travel samples for 450 (33%). eighty of 1,356 (6%) pre-travel samples were positive for anti-hev igg. compared with participants who had never lived in nor traveled to a highly endemic country, the pre-travel prevalence odds ratio (por) of anti-hev igg amon ... | 2017 | 28138055 |
| cytokine signatures discriminate highly frequent acute hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus co-infections from mono-infections in mexican pediatric patients. | the frequency of hav and hev infections and their cytokine profiles were analyzed in mexican pediatric patients with acute hepatitis. a high frequency of co-infections was found. significant overexpression of il-4, il-12, il-13 and ifn-gamma during hav mono-infections and limited secretion of cytokines in hev infections were observed. | 2017 | 28134747 |
| acute liver failure due to hepatitis e virus infection is associated with better survival than other etiologies in indian patients. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a global disease and an important cause of acute liver failure (alf) in the indian subcontinent. the aim of this study was to assess the differences in the course of hev-alf as compared to other etiologies of alf. | 2017 | 28130708 |
| detection of genotype 4 swine hepatitis e virus in systemic tissues in cross-species infected rabbits. | increasing evidence demonstrates that hepatitis e virus (hev) can be transmitted across species. according to previous reports, swine hev has two genotypes, genotype 3 and 4, and both can infect humans by the fecal-oral route. thus, it is crucial for the control of hev zoonotic transmission to evaluate the dynamics of viral shedding and distribution in different tissues during cross-species infection by hev. in this study, rabbits were infected with genotype 4 swine hev by the intraperitoneal ro ... | 2017 | 28129390 |
| recent advancements in combination subunit vaccine development. | viral structural proteins share a common nature of homotypic interactions that drive viral capsid formation. this natural process has been mimicked in vitro through recombinant technology to generate various virus-like particles (vlps) and small subviral particles that exhibit similar structural and antigenic properties of their authentic viruses. therefore, such self-assembled, polyvalent, and highly immunogenic vlps and small subviral particles are excellent subunit vaccines against individual ... | 2017 | 27649319 |
| severity and outcome of acute-on-chronic liver failure is dependent on the etiology of acute hepatic insults: analysis of 368 patients. | acute-on-chronic liver failure (aclf) may be precipitated by various hepatic insults. the present study evaluated the outcomes of aclf with different acute insults. | 2017 | 28296656 |
| evaluation of two vidas (®)prototypes for detecting anti-hev igg. | high performance anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) igg assays are crucial for epidemiology. | 2017 | 28249234 |
| history and global burden of viral hepatitis. | between 1963 and 1989, 5 hepatotropic viruses have been discovered that are the major causes of viral hepatitides worldwide: hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis delta virus and hepatitis e virus. their epidemiology and pathogenesis have been studied in great detail. furthermore, the structure and genetic organization of their dna or rna genome including the viral life cycle have been elucidated and have been successfully translated into important clinic ... | 2017 | 27170381 |
| experimental evaluation of faecal escherichia coli and hepatitis e virus as biological indicators of contacts between domestic pigs and eurasian wild boar. | domestic pigs and eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) share several important viral and bacterial pathogens. therefore, direct and indirect contacts between domestic pigs and wild boar present a risk of pathogen spillover and can lead to long-term perpetuation of infection. biological indicators could be a powerful tool to understand and characterize contacts between wild boar and domestic pigs. here, faecal escherichia coli and hepatitis e virus (hev) were explored as potential biological indicator ... | 2017 | 26190581 |
| a review of the current status of relevant zoonotic pathogens in wild swine (sus scrofa) populations: changes modulating the risk of transmission to humans. | many wild swine populations in different parts of the world have experienced an unprecedented demographic explosion that may result in increased exposure of humans to wild swine zoonotic pathogens. interactions between humans and wild swine leading to pathogen transmission could come from different ways, being hunters and game professionals the most exposed to acquiring infections from wild swine. however, increasing human settlements in semi-natural areas, outdoor activities, socio-economic cha ... | 2017 | 25953392 |
| inactivation of viruses and bacteriophages as models for swine hepatitis e virus in food matrices. | hepatitis e virus has been recognised as a food-borne virus hazard in pork products, due to its zoonotic properties. this risk can be reduced by adequate treatment of the food to inactivate food-borne viruses. we used a spectrum of viruses and bacteriophages to evaluate the effect of three food treatments: high pressure processing (hpp), lactic acid (la) and intense light pulse (ilp) treatments. on swine liver at 400 mpa for 10 min, hpp gave log10 reductions of ≥4.2, ≥5.0 and 3.4 for feline cali ... | 2017 | 27783334 |
| pathogenic escherichia coli and enteric viruses in biosolids and related top soil improvers in italy. | to investigate the presence of genomic traits associated with a set of enteric viruses as well as pathogenic escherichia coli in top soil improvers (tsi) from italy. | 2017 | 27684893 |
| development and validation of a new serum standard for the measurement of anti-hev antibodies in animals. | although hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a zoonosis, there is, currently, no standardized assay for quantitatively measuring anti-hev antibody levels in hev animal reservoirs. in this study, anti-hev antibody positive serum from a rabbit (rs26) was calibrated by dose-response parallel line assay using the world health organization (who) reference standard for anti-hev antibodies. after evaluating the stability of the rs26 serum, a quantification assay of anti-hev antibodies using rs26 as a ... | 2017 | 27487450 |
| the global burden of hepatitis e outbreaks: a systematic review. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is responsible for repeated water-borne outbreaks since the past century, representing an emerging issue in public health. however, the global burden of hev outbreak has not been comprehensively described. we performed a systematic review of confirmed hev outbreaks based on published literatures. hev outbreaks have mainly been reported from asian and african countries, and only a few from european and american countries. india represents a country with the highest number ... | 2017 | 27542764 |
| hepatitis e virus in pork and variety meats sold in fresh markets. | swine is an economically important livestock, yet pork consumption and close contact with pigs are associated with the risk of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. limited data on the prevalence of hev in southeast asia have mainly examined farm animals. to investigate the potential zoonotic transmission of hev from dietary consumption of pork and variety meats (i.e., offal or organ meats), we obtained 1090 liver, 559 pork meat, and 556 intestine samples from fresh markets in the bangkok metropoli ... | 2017 | 27580911 |
| hepatitis e virus antibodies in finnish veterinarians. | we investigated hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in finnish veterinarians engaged in different practice specialties and evaluated the effect of different background factors on hev exposure by examining total hev antibodies in samples collected from the participants of the 2009 national veterinary congress in helsinki, finland. finnish veterinarians commonly have total hev antibodies with seroprevalence of 10.2%. of the non-veterinarians, 5.8% were seropositive. increasing age was associated wi ... | 2017 | 27621202 |
| hepatitis e in norway: seroprevalence in humans and swine. | in norway, no published data on seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in humans and swine exists. serum samples from blood donors, veterinarians, swine farm workers and swine were analysed by elisa to estimate the seroprevalence of hev in norway and to investigate the association between direct contact with swine and hev seroprevalence in humans. the seroprevalence of hev igg antibodies was 30% (24/79) in farm workers, 13% (21/163) in veterinarians, 14% (162/1200) in blood donors and 90% (13 ... | 2017 | 27671461 |
| hepatitis e virus seroprevalence among farmers, veterinarians and control subjects in jilin province, shandong province and inner mongolia autonomous region, china. | china is commonly considered to be a hev-endemic region but limited epidemiological data for hev among farmers and veterinarians are available. thus, a case-control study was carried out to detect the seroprevalence and assess potential risk factors associated with the acquisition of hev infection by farmers and veterinarians in china from july 2013 to may 2015. three hundred veterinarians and 600 farmers recruited from jilin province, shandong province, and inner mongolia autonomous region and ... | 2017 | 27664799 |
| time course of hepatitis e-specific antibodies in adults. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is highly endemic in industrialized countries, but there is a lack of knowledge on individual and overall antibody concentration dynamics. the aim of this study was to characterize longitudinal concentration changes of anti-hev immunoglobulin g (anti-hev igg) by enzyme immunoassay (eia). in total, 199 serum samples collected from 45 subjects over 18 years were analysed. a wide range of anti-hev igg levels was found. overall, anti-hev igg significantly decreased after an o ... | 2017 | 27699946 |
| no evidence for zoonotic hepatitis e virus infection through dairy milk in germany. | 2017 | 27718279 | |
| virological quality of irrigation water in leafy green vegetables and berry fruits production chains. | this study condenses data acquired during investigations of the virological quality of irrigation water used in production of fresh produce. one hundred and eight samples of irrigation water were collected from five berry fruit farms in finland (1), the czech republic (1), serbia (2), and poland (1), and sixty-one samples were collected from three leafy green vegetable farms in poland, serbia, and greece. samples were analyzed for index viruses of human or animal fecal contamination (human and p ... | 2017 | 27709435 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in workers occupationally exposed to swine in portugal. | the concept of zoonotic hepatitis e in industrialized countries has emerged with the discovery of swine strains of hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3, closely related to human hev. different routes of zoonotic hev transmission have been recognized, including contact with infected pigs. workers occupationally exposed to swine (woes) have been considered a risk group for hev infection, but contradictory results have been reported. in the present study, we searched for anti-hev igg in woes (butcher ... | 2017 | 27770276 |
| chronic hepatitis e infection in a persistently immunosuppressed patient unable to be eliminated after ribavirin therapy. | recent case reports have shown that hepatitis e virus (hev) infection can cause chronic hepatitis in immunosuppressed or immunocompromised patients. a 37-year-old woman suffered from prolonged elevation of aminotransferases after chemotherapy for burkitt's lymphoma and was diagnosed with chronic hepatitis e due to a transfusion during chemotherapy. after an 8-month administration of ribavirin, complete hev clearance was not achieved, likely due to prolonged hypogammaglobulinemia. this case indic ... | 2017 | 27725541 |
| sofosbuvir shows antiviral activity in a patient with chronic hepatitis e virus infection. | 2017 | 27702641 | |
| evidence of hepatitis e virus transmission by renal graft. | hepatitis e virus (hev) can cause chronic infection among immunocompromised patients, especially solid organ transplant recipients, and can evolve to cirrhosis. several modes of transmission are known. here we describe the first two cases, to our knowledge, of hev infection transmitted by a kidney graft from the same infected donor that led to chronic hepatitis. consequently, systematic screening of donors by hev serology and hev rna detection by polymerase chain reaction, particularly in endemi ... | 2017 | 27775205 |
| red blood cell transfusion-transmitted acute hepatitis e in an immunocompetent subject in europe: a case report. | acute hepatitis e in industrialized countries is usually related to intake or manipulation of undercooked or raw meat. cases of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis e have rarely been documented in immunosuppressed patients, mainly after receiving frozen plasma. | 2017 | 27785789 |
| seroepidemiology of hev and hav in two populations with different socio-economic levels and hygienic/sanitary conditions. | the epidemiological scenarios of hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis a virus (hav) infections have changed in the last few decades, but precise epidemiological data on the prevalence of anti-hev and anti-hav, alone or in combination, in the general population are scanty. we investigated hev and hav seroprevalence comparing two population samples living in northern (abbiategrasso, milan) and southern italy (cittanova, reggio calabria), the latter being characterized by a poorer socio-economic l ... | 2017 | 27785638 |
| epizootiological study of rodent-borne hepatitis e virus hev-c1 in small mammals in hanoi, vietnam. | there is concern about the zoonotic potential of rodent-borne hepatitis e virus, designated as hev-c1. however, epizootiological information about hev-c1 is limited. to address this issue, serum samples from 443 small mammals captured at 5 sites in hanoi, vietnam, were examined for anti-hev-c1 igg antibodies. in addition, livers of seropositive animals were examined for viral rna. anti-hev-c1 antibodies were detected in 57 (12.9%) of the 443 serum samples. seropositive animals were found in all ... | 2017 | 27795461 |
| hepatitis e virus and guillain-barré syndrome. | 2017 | 27820625 | |
| diagnostic challenges and clinical characteristics of hepatitis e virus-associated guillain-barré syndrome. | hepatitis e virus (hev) recently has been shown to be an antecedent infection in guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), but the clinical spectrum of hev-associated gbs is not yet documented, and diagnosing acute hev infection can be a challenge. | 2017 | 27820624 |
| the effect of phylogenetic signal reduction on genotyping of hepatitis e viruses of the species orthohepevirus a. | commonly, hepatitis e virus (hev) sequences are genotyped phylogenetically using subgenomic sequences. this paper examines this practice with sequences from members of the species orthohepevirus a. as the length of sequences becomes progressively shorter, the number of identical sequences in an alignment tends to increase; however, these sequences retain their genotypic identity down to 100 nucleotides in length. the best substitution models tend to become less parameterized, bootstrap support d ... | 2017 | 27817109 |
| exacerbation of hepatitis e virus infection during anti-tnfα treatment. | chronic hepatitis e virus (hev) infection may occur in immunocompromised patients. previous studies report that different immunosuppressive agents interfere with viral replication. however, the role of tnfα in hev infection is currently unknown. here, we describe a case of severe exacerbation of a chronic hev infection in a patient undergoing treatment with a tnfα-inhibitor for psoriatic arthritis despite potent anti-hev t-cell responses. we used state-of-the-art hev cell culture methods to test ... | 2017 | 27836355 |
| investigation of liver dysfunction: who should we test for hepatitis e? | hepatitis e virus (hev) is endemic in developed countries, but unrecognized infection is common. many national guidelines now recommend hev testing in patients with acute hepatitis irrespective of travel history. the biochemical definition of 'hepatitis' that best predicts hev infection has not been established. this study aimed to determine parameters of liver biochemistry that should prompt testing for acute hev. | 2017 | 27832041 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in patients on dialysis and in solid organ transplant recipients in argentina: exploring associated risk factors. | infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) leads to acute hepatitis infection in immunocompetent hosts. hev genotype 3 can present with high frequency and lead to chronic infection in individuals with a compromised immune system. the risk factors related to increased seroprevalence or chronicity in this population are not entirely understood. moreover, most studies addressing risk factors for hev in non-endemic areas come from developed areas such as north america and europe. in this study we evalua ... | 2017 | 27885564 |
| evidence of genotypes 1 and 3 of avian hepatitis e virus in wild birds. | although the presence of four genotypes of avian hepatitis e virus (hev) in chickens has been demonstrated, its natural host range is still barely known. in this study, swab samples from 626 wild birds originating from 62 bird species were investigated for hev detection by molecular methods. the aim was to explore the cross-species infection of avian hev and to compare the genetic diversity between strains infecting chicken and wild birds. in total, 8 positive samples from 4 different bird speci ... | 2017 | 27890632 |
| systematic identification of hepatitis e virus orf2 interactome reveals that tmem134 engages in orf2-mediated nf-κb pathway. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of acute hepatitis e. open reading frame 2 (orf2) encodes the capsid protein of hev, which is the main structural protein and may participate, together with the host factors, in viral entry and egress. however, it is still not clear which host proteins are involved in the interaction with orf2 and what the functions of these orf2-interacting proteins are. in this study, we have applied a split-ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid screening approach in combina ... | 2017 | 27899274 |
| hepatitis e virus in wild boar in northwest poland: sensitivity of methods of detection. | in northwest poland, 163 blood and 53 fecal samples of wild boars were collected in winter 2012/13 and 2013/14. all blood samples were tested for the presence of hepatitis e virus (hev) ribonucleic acid (rna) by two reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) based methods and by anti-hev igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). about 17.2% of blood samples were seropositive. one-step nested rt-pcr turned out to be too insensitive (11.6% were positive). therefore a two-step ne ... | 2017 | 27893287 |
| assessment of the risk of foodborne transmission and burden of hepatitis e in switzerland. | the objective of this study was i) to quantify the risk of hepatitis e for swiss consumers by specified pork products and ii) to estimate the total burden of human food-borne hepatitis e in switzerland. a quantitative risk assessment from slaughter to consumption was carried out according to the codex alimentarius framework. in the hazard characterization, assumptions were made due to the lack of a dose-response relationship for oral exposure to hepatitis e virus (hev). the prevalence of hev in ... | 2017 | 27919006 |
| hepatitis e virus in wild boars and spillover infection in red and roe deer, germany, 2013-2015. | to determine animal hepatitis e virus (hev) reservoirs, we analyzed serologic and molecular markers of hev infection among wild animals in germany. we detected hev genotype 3 strains in inner organs and muscle tissues of a high percentage of wild boars and a lower percentage of deer, indicating a risk for foodborne infection of humans. | 2017 | 27983488 |
| hepatitis e virus infection after platelet transfusion in an immunocompetent trauma patient. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection causes acute liver disease, but severe infections are rare in immunocompetent patients. we describe a case of hev infection in a previously healthy male trauma patient in france who received massive transfusions. genotyping confirmed hev in a transfused platelet pool and the donor. | 2017 | 27983485 |
| surveillance at private laboratories identifies small outbreaks of hepatitis e in urban bangladesh. | although large outbreaks of hepatitis e are regularly identified in south asia, the majority of south asian countries lack surveillance systems for this disease, which has hindered burden of disease estimates and prioritization of resources for prevention. our study aimed to identify small hepatitis e outbreaks through a sentinel private laboratory in dhaka, bangladesh. we identified patients with detectable igm antibody against hepatitis e virus. we defined a small outbreak as at least two labo ... | 2017 | 27994104 |
| hepatitis e virus infection and hepatic gvhd in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. | 2017 | 27991886 | |
| hev infection in french hiv-infected patients. | the reported prevalence of anti-hepatitis e virus antibodies in hiv-positive patients from industrialized countries varies greatly. it is also difficult to compare these data with the anti-igg prevalence in the general population because age and sex are not matched in most studies. moreover, msm are at increased risk of viral hepatitis. | 2017 | 27998748 |
| familial hepatitis e outbreak linked to wild boar meat consumption. | an hiv-infected patient was diagnosed with acute hepatitis e infection in our hospital. an epidemiological inquiry was performed to collect demographic, food and animal exposure variables in order to identify the potential route of transmission. the patient reported that his family traditionally hunted wild boar for food. all family members were analysed for hepatitis e virus infection. additionally, route of transmission by wild boar meat consumption and prevalence of hev infection among wild b ... | 2017 | 28067990 |
| phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis e virus strains isolated from slaughter-age pigs in colombia. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a zoonotic virus that causes acute hepatitis in humans, and can be transmitted via the fecal-oral route. pigs are considered to be a reservoir for this infection-mainly where the disease is not endemic. in a previous study conducted in antioquia, which is a region in colombia where the production and consumption of pork meat is higher than in the rest of the country, the presence of anti-hev igg-type antibodies was reported in slaughter-age pigs. aiming to identify the ... | 2017 | 28063923 |
| hepatitis e virus seroprevalence among the general population in a livestock-dense area in the netherlands: a cross-sectional population-based serological survey. | recent serological studies indicate that hepatitis e virus (hev) is endemic in industrialised countries. the increasing trend in the number of autochthonous cases of hev genotype 3 in western european countries, stresses the importance to get insight in the exact routes of exposure. pigs are the main animal reservoir, and zoonotic food-borne transmission of hev is proven. however, infected pigs can excrete large amounts of virus via their faeces enabling environmental transmission of hev to huma ... | 2017 | 28056844 |
| prevalence of foodborne viruses in mussels in southern italy. | in this study, the prevalence of various enteric viruses in mytilus galloprovincialis (mediterranean mussel) belonging to class a and class b mollusc-harvesting areas in the campania region in southern italy was evaluated. one hundred and eight mussels were analysed using real-time reverse transcription pcr during a 2-year collection period (2014-2015) to detect the following viruses: human norovirus (genogroups i and ii), rotavirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, aichivirus, hepatitis a virus and hepat ... | 2017 | 28054332 |
| high clinical manifestation rate in an imported outbreak of hepatitis e genotype 1 infection in a german group of travellers returning from india. | background. there are only few reports about travel-associated, imported tropical hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 1 infections within western travellers. we describe the clinical course of a single outbreak of hepatitis e in a german travellers group returning from india and compare the results of two commercial hev-seroassays. | 2017 | 28051793 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus infection among blood donors in mainland china: a meta-analysis. | the risk of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection from blood transfusion has raised increasing concern in many countries. several transfusion-transmitted cases have been described in the united kingdom and japan. the objective was to investigate the prevalence of hev infection among chinese blood donors and analyze the potential risk of hev infection through blood transfusion in china. | 2017 | 28035774 |
| hepatitis e virus orf3 is a functional ion channel required for release of infectious particles. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the leading cause of enterically transmitted viral hepatitis globally. of hev's three orfs, the function of orf3 has remained elusive. here, we demonstrate that via homophilic interactions orf3 forms multimeric complexes associated with intracellular endoplasmic reticulum (er)-derived membranes. hev orf3 shares several structural features with class i viroporins, and the function of hev orf3 can be maintained by replacing it with the well-characterized viroporin influe ... | 2017 | 28096411 |
| hepatitis e in singapore: a case-series and viral phylodynamics study. | the incidence of hepatitis e in singapore appears to be increasing. a retrospective case-series study of patients diagnosed with hepatitis e in a tertiary hospital from 2009 to 2013 was conducted. of 16 cases, eight (50%) were solid-organ transplant recipients (sotrs), and 14 (88%) were found infected by genotype 3 hepatitis e virus (hev-3). bayesian inferences based on hev subgenomic sequences from seven cases suggest that hev-3 strains were introduced to singapore as two principal lineages. wi ... | 2017 | 28093535 |
| high frequency of hepatitis e virus infection in swine from south brazil and close similarity to human hev isolates. | hepatitis e virus is responsible for acute and chronic liver infections worldwide. swine hepatitis e virus has been isolated in brazil, and a probable zoonotic transmission has been described, although data are still scarce. the aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of hepatitis e virus infection in pigs from a small-scale farm in the rural area of paraná state, south brazil. fecal samples were collected from 170 pigs and screened for hepatitis e virus rna using a duplex real-time r ... | 2017 | 28089613 |
| investigation of underlying comorbidities as risk factors for symptomatic human hepatitis e virus infection. | symptomatic hepatitis e virus (hev) infection occurs in few infected subjects, and the risk factors are not completely known. | 2017 | 28078736 |
| biological or pharmacological activation of protein kinase c alpha constrains hepatitis e virus replication. | although hepatitis e has emerged as a global health issue, there is limited knowledge of its infection biology and no fda-approved medication is available. aiming to investigate the role of protein kinases in hepatitis e virus (hev) infection and to identify potential antiviral targets, we screened a library of pharmacological kinase inhibitors in a cell culture model, a subgenomic hev replicon containing luciferase reporter. we identified protein kinase c alpha (pkcα) as an essential cell host ... | 2017 | 28077314 |